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Han G, Su Y, Mao Q, Han Z, Sun J. Identification and functional characterization of annexin A2 in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109492. [PMID: 38467321 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Annexin A2 (AnxA2), belonging to the annexin family, plays a crucial role in immune responses. In this study, the cDNA of the AnxA2 gene was identified in half-smooth tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis. The transcript of AnxA2 gene in C. semilaevis (CsAnxA2) showed broad tissue distribution, with the highest expression level observed in the gut. CsAnxA2 expression was significantly up-regulated in the intestine, spleen, and kidney tissues following exposure to Shewanella algae. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that CsAnxA2 was predominantly expressed in epithelial cells and significantly elevated after S. algae challenge. Subcellular localization showed that CsAnxA2 was primarily localized in the cytoplasmic compartment. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β) exhibited significant upregulation after CsAnxA2 was overexpressed in vivo. One hundred and fifty-eight CsAnxA2-interacting proteins were captured in the intestinal tissue, showing the top two normalized abundance observed for actin beta (ACTB) and protein S100-A10 (p11). Fifty-four high abundance CsAnxA2-interacting proteins (HIPs) were primary enriched in ten pathways, with the top three significantly enriched pathways being Salmonella infection, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. These results provide valuable information for further investigation into the functional mechanism of AnxA2 in C. semilaevis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Han
- Key Laboratory of Smart Breeding (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Yufeng Su
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Qing Mao
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Zhuoran Han
- Key Laboratory of Smart Breeding (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Jingfeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Breeding (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
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2
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Liu Q, Shi K, Wang Y, Shi FD. Neurovascular Inflammation and Complications of Thrombolysis Therapy in Stroke. Stroke 2023; 54:2688-2697. [PMID: 37675612 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.044123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous thrombolysis via tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) is the only approved pharmacological treatment for acute ischemic stroke, but its benefits are limited by hemorrhagic transformation. Emerging evidence reveals that tPA swiftly mobilizes immune cells which extravasate into the brain parenchyma via the cerebral vasculature, augmenting neurovascular inflammation, and tissue injury. In this review, we summarize the pronounced alterations of immune cells induced by tPA in patients with stroke and experimental stroke models. We argue that neuroinflammation, triggered by ischemia-induced cell death and exacerbated by tPA, compromises neurovascular integrity and the microcirculation, leading to hemorrhagic transformation. Finally, we discuss current and future approaches to attenuate thrombolysis-associated hemorrhagic transformation via uncoupling immune cells from the neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (Q.L., F.-D.S.)
| | - Kaibin Shi
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of China, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University (K.S., Y.W., F.-D.S.)
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of China, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University (K.S., Y.W., F.-D.S.)
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (Q.L., F.-D.S.)
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of China, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University (K.S., Y.W., F.-D.S.)
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3
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Faissner A. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) in the glial lineage modulates neuronal excitability. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 3:1190240. [PMID: 37383546 PMCID: PMC10293750 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2023.1190240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein related protein receptor 1 (LRP1), also known as CD91 or α-Macroglobulin-receptor, is a transmembrane receptor that interacts with more than 40 known ligands. It plays an important biological role as receptor of morphogens, extracellular matrix molecules, cytokines, proteases, protease inhibitors and pathogens. In the CNS, it has primarily been studied as a receptor and clearance agent of pathogenic factors such as Aβ-peptide and, lately, Tau protein that is relevant for tissue homeostasis and protection against neurodegenerative processes. Recently, it was found that LRP1 expresses the Lewis-X (Lex) carbohydrate motif and is expressed in the neural stem cell compartment. The removal of Lrp1 from the cortical radial glia compartment generates a strong phenotype with severe motor deficits, seizures and a reduced life span. The present review discusses approaches that have been taken to address the neurodevelopmental significance of LRP1 by creating novel, lineage-specific constitutive or conditional knockout mouse lines. Deficits in the stem cell compartment may be at the root of severe CNS pathologies.
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4
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Méndez-Barbero N, San Sebastian-Jaraba I, Blázquez-Serra R, Martín-Ventura JL, Blanco-Colio LM. Annexins and cardiovascular diseases: Beyond membrane trafficking and repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1000760. [PMID: 36313572 PMCID: PMC9614170 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1000760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The main cause underlying CVD is associated with the pathological remodeling of the vascular wall, involving several cell types, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and leukocytes. Vascular remodeling is often related with the development of atherosclerotic plaques leading to narrowing of the arteries and reduced blood flow. Atherosclerosis is known to be triggered by high blood cholesterol levels, which in the presence of a dysfunctional endothelium, results in the retention of lipoproteins in the artery wall, leading to an immune-inflammatory response. Continued hypercholesterolemia and inflammation aggravate the progression of atherosclerotic plaque over time, which is often complicated by thrombus development, leading to the possibility of CV events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Annexins are a family of proteins with high structural homology that bind phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner. These proteins are involved in several biological functions, from cell structural organization to growth regulation and vesicle trafficking. In vitro gain- or loss-of-function experiments have demonstrated the implication of annexins with a wide variety of cellular processes independent of calcium signaling such as immune-inflammatory response, cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, and membrane repair. In the last years, the use of mice deficient for different annexins has provided insight into additional functions of these proteins in vivo, and their involvement in different pathologies. This review will focus in the role of annexins in CVD, highlighting the mechanisms involved and the potential therapeutic effects of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Méndez-Barbero
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Blázquez-Serra
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L. Martín-Ventura
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M. Blanco-Colio
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Luis M. Blanco-Colio,
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5
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Li YZ, Wang YY, Huang L, Zhao YY, Chen LH, Zhang C. Annexin A Protein Family in Atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 531:406-417. [PMID: 35562096 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a silent chronic vascular pathology, is the cause of the majority of cardiovascular ischaemic events. Atherosclerosis is characterized by a series of deleterious changes in cellularity, including endothelial dysfunction, transmigration of circulating inflammatory cells into the arterial wall, pro-inflammatory cytokines production, lipid accumulation in the intima, vascular local inflammatory response, atherosclerosis-related cells apoptosis and autophagy. Proteins of Annexin A (AnxA) family, the well-known Ca2+ phospholipid-binding protein, have many functions in regulating inflammation-related enzymes and cell signaling transduction, thus influencing cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. There is now accumulating evidence that some members of the AnxA family, such as AnxA1, AnxA2, AnxA5 and AnxA7, play major roles in the development of atherosclerosis. This article discusses the major roles of AnxA1, AnxA2, AnxA5 and AnxA7, and the multifaceted mechanisms of the main biological process in which they are involved in atherosclerosis. Considering these evidences, it has been proposed that AnxA are drivers- and not merely participator- on the road to atherosclerosis, thus the progression of atherosclerosis may be prevented by targeting the expression or function of the AnxA family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhen Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yue Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Huang
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yan Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Hui Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China.
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6
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The Role of Fibrinolytic System in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095262. [PMID: 35563651 PMCID: PMC9101224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibrinolytic system is composed of the protease plasmin, its precursor plasminogen and their respective activators, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), counteracted by their inhibitors, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2), protein C inhibitor (PCI), thrombin activable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), protease nexin 1 (PN-1) and neuroserpin. The action of plasmin is counteracted by α2-antiplasmin, α2-macroglobulin, TAFI, and other serine protease inhibitors (antithrombin and α2-antitrypsin) and PN-1 (protease nexin 1). These components are essential regulators of many physiologic processes. They are also involved in the pathogenesis of many disorders. Recent advancements in our understanding of these processes enable the opportunity of drug development in treating many of these disorders.
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7
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Therapeutic Strategies for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Associated with Aortic Aneurysm. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031296. [PMID: 35163216 PMCID: PMC8836167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms are sometimes associated with enhanced-fibrinolytic-type disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). In enhanced-fibrinolytic-type DIC, both coagulation and fibrinolysis are markedly activated. Typical cases show decreased platelet counts and fibrinogen levels, increased concentrations of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) and D-dimer, and increased FDP/D-dimer ratios. Thrombin-antithrombin complex or prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, as markers of coagulation activation, and plasmin-α2 plasmin inhibitor complex, a marker of fibrinolytic activation, are all markedly increased. Prolongation of prothrombin time (PT) is not so obvious, and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is rather shortened in some cases. As a result, DIC can be neither diagnosed nor excluded based on PT and APTT alone. Many of the factors involved in coagulation and fibrinolysis activation are serine proteases. Treatment of enhanced-fibrinolytic-type DIC requires consideration of how to control the function of these serine proteases. The cornerstone of DIC treatment is treatment of the underlying pathology. However, in some cases surgery is either not possible or exacerbates the DIC associated with aortic aneurysm. In such cases, pharmacotherapy becomes even more important. Unfractionated heparin, other heparins, synthetic protease inhibitors, recombinant thrombomodulin, and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are agents that inhibit serine proteases, and all are effective against DIC. Inhibition of activated coagulation factors by anticoagulants is key to the treatment of DIC. Among them, DOACs can be taken orally and is useful for outpatient treatment. Combination therapy of heparin and nafamostat allows fine-adjustment of anticoagulant and antifibrinolytic effects. While warfarin is an anticoagulant, this agent is ineffective in the treatment of DIC because it inhibits the production of coagulation factors as substrates without inhibiting activated coagulation factors. In addition, monotherapy using tranexamic acid in cases of enhanced-fibrinolytic-type DIC may induce fatal thrombosis. If tranexamic acid is needed for DIC, combination with anticoagulant therapy is of critical importance.
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8
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Bharadwaj AG, Kempster E, Waisman DM. The ANXA2/S100A10 Complex—Regulation of the Oncogenic Plasminogen Receptor. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121772. [PMID: 34944416 PMCID: PMC8698604 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of the serine protease plasmin is initiated by the binding of its zymogenic precursor, plasminogen, to cell surface receptors. The proteolytic activity of plasmin, generated at the cell surface, plays a crucial role in several physiological processes, including fibrinolysis, angiogenesis, wound healing, and the invasion of cells through both the basement membrane and extracellular matrix. The seminal observation by Albert Fischer that cancer cells, but not normal cells in culture, produce large amounts of plasmin formed the basis of current-day observations that plasmin generation can be hijacked by cancer cells to allow tumor development, progression, and metastasis. Thus, the cell surface plasminogen-binding receptor proteins are critical to generating plasmin proteolytic activity at the cell surface. This review focuses on one of the twelve well-described plasminogen receptors, S100A10, which, when in complex with its regulatory partner, annexin A2 (ANXA2), forms the ANXA2/S100A10 heterotetrameric complex referred to as AIIt. We present the theme that AIIt is the quintessential cellular plasminogen receptor since it regulates the formation and the destruction of plasmin. We also introduce the term oncogenic plasminogen receptor to define those plasminogen receptors directly activated during cancer progression. We then discuss the research establishing AIIt as an oncogenic plasminogen receptor-regulated during EMT and activated by oncogenes such as SRC, RAS, HIF1α, and PML-RAR and epigenetically by DNA methylation. We further discuss the evidence derived from animal models supporting the role of S100A10 in tumor progression and oncogenesis. Lastly, we describe the potential of S100A10 as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alamelu G. Bharadwaj
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (A.G.B.); (E.K.)
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - Emma Kempster
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (A.G.B.); (E.K.)
| | - David M. Waisman
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (A.G.B.); (E.K.)
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(902)-494-1803; Fax: +1-(902)-494-1355
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9
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Gonias SL. Plasminogen activator receptor assemblies in cell signaling, innate immunity, and inflammation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C721-C734. [PMID: 34406905 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00269.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) are serine proteases and major activators of fibrinolysis in mammalian systems. Because fibrinolysis is an essential component of the response to tissue injury, diverse cells, including cells that participate in the response to injury, have evolved receptor systems to detect tPA and uPA and initiate appropriate cell-signaling responses. Formation of functional receptor systems for the plasminogen activators requires assembly of diverse plasma membrane proteins, including but not limited to: the urokinase receptor (uPAR); integrins; N-formyl peptide receptor-2 (FPR2), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R), and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1). The cell-signaling responses elicited by tPA and uPA impact diverse aspects of cell physiology. This review describes rapidly evolving knowledge regarding the structure and function of plasminogen activator receptor assemblies. How these receptor assemblies regulate innate immunity and inflammation is then considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Gonias
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California
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10
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Lim HI, Hajjar KA. Annexin A2 in Fibrinolysis, Inflammation and Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6836. [PMID: 34202091 PMCID: PMC8268605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a cell surface tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-plasminogen receptor, the annexin A2 (A2) complex facilitates plasmin generation on the endothelial cell surface, and is an established regulator of hemostasis. Whereas A2 is overexpressed in hemorrhagic disease such as acute promyelocytic leukemia, its underexpression or impairment may result in thrombosis, as in antiphospholipid syndrome, venous thromboembolism, or atherosclerosis. Within immune response cells, A2 orchestrates membrane repair, vesicle fusion, and cytoskeletal organization, thus playing a critical role in inflammatory response and tissue injury. Dysregulation of A2 is evident in multiple human disorders, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory disorders. The fibrinolytic system, moreover, is central to wound healing through its ability to remodel the provisional matrix and promote angiogenesis. A2 dysfunction may also promote tissue fibrogenesis and end-organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana I. Lim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Katherine A. Hajjar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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11
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Valls MD, Soldado M, Arasa J, Perez-Aso M, Williams AJ, Cronstein BN, Noguera MA, Terencio MC, Montesinos MC. Annexin A2-Mediated Plasminogen Activation in Endothelial Cells Contributes to the Proangiogenic Effect of Adenosine A 2A Receptors. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:654104. [PMID: 33986681 PMCID: PMC8111221 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.654104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptor mediates the promotion of wound healing and revascularization of injured tissue, in healthy and animals with impaired wound healing, through a mechanism depending upon tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a component of the fibrinolytic system. In order to evaluate the contribution of plasmin generation in the proangiogenic effect of adenosine A2A receptor activation, we determined the expression and secretion of t-PA, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and annexin A2 by human dermal microvascular endothelial cells stimulated by the selective agonist CGS-21680. The plasmin generation was assayed through an enzymatic assay and the proangiogenic effect was studied using an endothelial tube formation assay in Matrigel. Adenosine A2A receptor activation in endothelial cells diminished the release of PAI-1 and promoted the production of annexin A2, which acts as a cell membrane co-receptor for plasminogen and its activator tPA. Annexin A2 mediated the increased cell membrane-associated plasmin generation in adenosine A2A receptor agonist treated human dermal microvascular endothelial cells and is required for tube formation in an in vitro model of angiogenesis. These results suggest a novel mechanism by which adenosine A2A receptor activation promotes angiogenesis: increased endothelial expression of annexin A2, which, in turn, promotes fibrinolysis by binding tPA and plasminogen to the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- María D Valls
- Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Soldado
- Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Arasa
- Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Perez-Aso
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Adrienne J Williams
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bruce N Cronstein
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Medical Science Building, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - M Antonia Noguera
- Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED) Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Terencio
- Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Montesinos
- Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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12
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A novel "vascular" thrombophilia. Blood 2021; 137:2133-2134. [PMID: 33885713 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020010321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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13
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Fassel H, Chen H, Ruisi M, Kumar N, DeSancho M, Hajjar KA. Reduced expression of annexin A2 is associated with impaired cell surface fibrinolysis and venous thromboembolism. Blood 2021; 137:2221-2230. [PMID: 33512476 PMCID: PMC8063089 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced plasma fibrinolysis has been identified as a potential risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE), but the role of cell surface fibrinolysis in VTE is unknown. The annexin A2/S100A10 complex serves as a coreceptor for plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), augmenting plasmin generation by 60-fold on the endothelial cell surface. Several studies in both mice and humans support the concept that A2 regulates fibrin homeostasis and intravascular thrombosis in vivo. Here, we examined A2 protein expression and function in 115 adult subjects with VTE and 87 healthy controls. Using peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a surrogate for endothelial cells, we found a 41% mean decrease in cell surface tPA-dependent fibrinolytic activity in subjects who had a positive personal and family history of VTE but tested negative for known inherited thrombophilias (ITs). A2 protein was reduced on average by 70% and messenger RNA levels by 30%, but neither decrease correlated with anticoagulant therapy. Neither cell A2 protein nor cell surface plasmin generation correlated with plasma-based clot lysis times, suggesting that the plasma and cell surface fibrinolytic systems operate independently of one another. These data suggest that reduced expression of annexin A2 protein is associated with cell surface hypofibrinolysis and may represent a novel risk factor for IT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria DeSancho
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Katherine A Hajjar
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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14
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Ruhnke L, Stölzel F, Wagenführ L, Altmann H, Platzbecker U, Herold S, Rump A, Schröck E, Bornhäuser M, Schetelig J, von Bonin M. Case Report: ANXA2 Associated Life-Threatening Coagulopathy With Hyperfibrinolysis in a Patient With Non-APL Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:666014. [PMID: 33937079 PMCID: PMC8082174 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.666014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) often present with potentially life-threatening hemorrhagic diathesis. The underlying pathomechanisms of APL-associated coagulopathy are complex. However, two pathways considered to be APL-specific had been identified: 1) annexin A2 (ANXA2)-associated hyperfibrinolysis and 2) podoplanin (PDPN)-mediated platelet activation and aggregation. In contrast, since disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is far less frequent in patients with non-APL acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the pathophysiology of AML-associated hemorrhagic disorders is not well understood. Furthermore, the potential threat of coagulopathy in non-APL AML patients may be underestimated. Herein, we report a patient with non-APL AML presenting with severe coagulopathy with hyperfibrinolysis. Since his clinical course resembled a prototypical APL-associated hemorrhagic disorder, we hypothesized pathophysiological similarities. Performing multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) and immunofluorescence imaging (IF) studies, we found the patient’s bone-marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) to express ANXA2 - a biomarker previously thought to be APL-specific. In addition, whole-exome sequencing (WES) on sorted BM-MNC (leukemia-associated immunophenotype (LAIP)1: ANXAlo, LAIP2: ANXAhi) demonstrated high intra-tumor heterogeneity. Since ANXA2 regulation is not well understood, further research to determine the coagulopathy-initiating events in AML and APL is indicated. Moreover, ANXA2 and PDPN MFC assessment as a tool to determine the risk of life-threatening DIC in AML and APL patients should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Ruhnke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Friedrich Stölzel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lisa Wagenführ
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heidi Altmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic I, Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Herold
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Rump
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Genetics, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Evelin Schröck
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Genetics, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schetelig
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Malte von Bonin
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Plasmin and Plasminogen System in the Tumor Microenvironment: Implications for Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081838. [PMID: 33921488 PMCID: PMC8070608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review, we present a detailed discussion of how the plasminogen-activation system is utilized by tumor cells in their unrelenting attack on the tissues surrounding them. Plasmin is an enzyme which is responsible for digesting several proteins that hold the tissues surrounding solid tumors together. In this process tumor cells utilize the activity of plasmin to digest tissue barriers in order to leave the tumour site and spread to other parts of the body. We specifically focus on the role of plasminogen receptor—p11 which is an important regulatory protein that facilitates the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin and by this means promotes the attack by the tumour cells on their surrounding tissues. Abstract The tumor microenvironment (TME) is now being widely accepted as the key contributor to a range of processes involved in cancer progression from tumor growth to metastasis and chemoresistance. The extracellular matrix (ECM) and the proteases that mediate the remodeling of the ECM form an integral part of the TME. Plasmin is a broad-spectrum, highly potent, serine protease whose activation from its precursor plasminogen is tightly regulated by the activators (uPA, uPAR, and tPA), the inhibitors (PAI-1, PAI-2), and plasminogen receptors. Collectively, this system is called the plasminogen activation system. The expression of the components of the plasminogen activation system by malignant cells and the surrounding stromal cells modulates the TME resulting in sustained cancer progression signals. In this review, we provide a detailed discussion of the roles of plasminogen activation system in tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance with specific emphasis on their role in the TME. We particularly review the recent highlights of the plasminogen receptor S100A10 (p11), which is a pivotal component of the plasminogen activation system.
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16
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Fang L, Xu Q, Qian J, Zhou JY. Aberrant Factors of Fibrinolysis and Coagulation in Pancreatic Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:53-65. [PMID: 33442266 PMCID: PMC7797325 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s281251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant factors associated with fibrinolysis and thrombosis are found in many cancer patients, which can promote metastasis and are associated with poor prognosis. The relationship between tumor-associated fibrinolysis and thrombosis is poorly understood in pancreatic cancer. This review provides a brief highlight of existing studies that the fibrinolysis and coagulation systems were activated in pancreatic cancer patients, along with aberrant high concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), urine plasminogen activator (u-PA), D-dimer, fibrinogen, or platelets. These factors cooperate with each other, propelling tumor cell shedding, localization, adhesion to distant metastasis. The relationship between thrombosis or fibrinolysis and cancer immune escape is also investigated. In addition, the potential prevention and therapy strategies of pancreatic cancer targeting factors in fibrinolysis and coagulation systems are also been discussed, in which we highlight two effective agents aspirin and low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Summarily, this review provides new directions for the research and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghua Fang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xu
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Yong Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
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17
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Gibbs LD, Mansheim K, Maji S, Nandy R, Lewis CM, Vishwanatha JK, Chaudhary P. Clinical Significance of Annexin A2 Expression in Breast Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010002. [PMID: 33374917 PMCID: PMC7792619 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is a Ca++-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that is involved in invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. However, the expression of AnxA2 in breast cancer patients has not been reported. Here, we show that the expression of AnxA2 was high in tumor tissues and serum samples of breast cancer patients compared to non-cancer patients. The high expression of serum AnxA2 in breast cancer was associated with tumor grade and poor survival. The expression and diagnostic value of serum AnxA2 was high in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes and associated with the phosphorylation of AnxA2 at tyrosine 23. Overall, this study highlights the diagnostic and prognostic significance of AnxA2 in breast cancer. Abstract Increasing evidence suggests that AnxA2 contributes to invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. However, the clinical significance of AnxA2 expression in breast cancer has not been reported. The expression of AnxA2 in cell lines, tumor tissues, and serum samples of breast cancer patients were analyzed by immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. We found that AnxA2 was significantly upregulated in tumor tissues and serum samples of breast cancer patients compared with normal controls. The high expression of serum AnxA2 was significantly associated with tumor grades and poor survival of the breast cancer patients. Based on molecular subtypes, AnxA2 expression was significantly elevated in tumor tissues and serum samples of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients compared with other breast cancer subtypes. Our analyses on breast cancer cell lines demonstrated that secretion of AnxA2 is associated with its tyrosine 23 (Tyr23) phosphorylation in cells. The expression of non-phosphomimetic mutant of AnxA2 in HCC1395 cells inhibits its secretion from cells compared to wild-type AnxA2, which further suggest that Tyr23 phosphorylation is a critical step for AnxA2 secretion from TNBC cells. Our analysis of AnxA2 phosphorylation in clinical samples further confirmed that the phosphorylation of AnxA2 at Tyr23 was high in tumor tissues of TNBC patients compared to matched adjacent non-tumorigenic breast tissues. Furthermore, we observed that the diagnostic value of serum AnxA2 was significantly high in TNBC compared with other breast cancer subtypes. These findings suggest that serum AnxA2 concentration could be a potential diagnostic biomarker for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee D. Gibbs
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (L.D.G.); (S.M.); (J.K.V.)
| | - Kelsey Mansheim
- Department of Pathology, Brookwood Baptist Health, 1130 22nd St S # 1000, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA;
| | - Sayantan Maji
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (L.D.G.); (S.M.); (J.K.V.)
| | - Rajesh Nandy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Cheryl M. Lewis
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Jamboor K. Vishwanatha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (L.D.G.); (S.M.); (J.K.V.)
- Center for Diversity and International Programs, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (L.D.G.); (S.M.); (J.K.V.)
- Center for Diversity and International Programs, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-817-735-2045
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18
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Yamada S, Asakura H. Management of disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with aortic aneurysm and vascular malformations. Int J Hematol 2020; 113:15-23. [PMID: 33175341 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-020-03028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms and vascular malformations are sometimes associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). A typical blood coagulation test shows decrease in platelet count and fibrinogen, and increases in fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) and D-dimer. The coagulation activation marker thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and the fibrinolysis activation marker plasmin-α2 plasmin inhibitor (PIC) are significantly increased. α2 plasmin inhibitor (α2PI) is significantly reduced. Since no prolongation of prothrombin time (PT) is noticeable and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is shortened in some cases, DIC cannot be diagnosed or ruled out by PT and APTT alone. The cornerstone of treatment for DIC is to treat the underlying disease. However, surgery is not possible in some cases. Follow-up may be appropriate in patients with abnormal results from coagulation tests and no bleeding. However, pharmacotherapy is often required in cases with bleeding. Unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin, protease inhibitors, recombinant thrombomodulin, direct oral anticoagulants, and factor XIII preparations are effective. If PIC is significantly increased and α2PI is significantly decreased, or if the bleeding is severe, tranexamic acid is used as an antifibrinolytic therapy with anticoagulant therapy. In such cases, attention should be paid not only to TAT but also changes in PIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yamada
- Department of Hematology, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Hidesaku Asakura
- Department of Hematology, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
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19
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Bouhaddou M, Memon D, Meyer B, White KM, Rezelj VV, Correa Marrero M, Polacco BJ, Melnyk JE, Ulferts S, Kaake RM, Batra J, Richards AL, Stevenson E, Gordon DE, Rojc A, Obernier K, Fabius JM, Soucheray M, Miorin L, Moreno E, Koh C, Tran QD, Hardy A, Robinot R, Vallet T, Nilsson-Payant BE, Hernandez-Armenta C, Dunham A, Weigang S, Knerr J, Modak M, Quintero D, Zhou Y, Dugourd A, Valdeolivas A, Patil T, Li Q, Hüttenhain R, Cakir M, Muralidharan M, Kim M, Jang G, Tutuncuoglu B, Hiatt J, Guo JZ, Xu J, Bouhaddou S, Mathy CJP, Gaulton A, Manners EJ, Félix E, Shi Y, Goff M, Lim JK, McBride T, O'Neal MC, Cai Y, Chang JCJ, Broadhurst DJ, Klippsten S, De Wit E, Leach AR, Kortemme T, Shoichet B, Ott M, Saez-Rodriguez J, tenOever BR, Mullins RD, Fischer ER, Kochs G, Grosse R, García-Sastre A, Vignuzzi M, Johnson JR, Shokat KM, Swaney DL, Beltrao P, Krogan NJ. The Global Phosphorylation Landscape of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Cell 2020; 182:685-712.e19. [PMID: 32645325 PMCID: PMC7321036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 684] [Impact Index Per Article: 171.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected millions and killed hundreds of thousands of people worldwide, highlighting an urgent need to develop antiviral therapies. Here we present a quantitative mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics survey of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells, revealing dramatic rewiring of phosphorylation on host and viral proteins. SARS-CoV-2 infection promoted casein kinase II (CK2) and p38 MAPK activation, production of diverse cytokines, and shutdown of mitotic kinases, resulting in cell cycle arrest. Infection also stimulated a marked induction of CK2-containing filopodial protrusions possessing budding viral particles. Eighty-seven drugs and compounds were identified by mapping global phosphorylation profiles to dysregulated kinases and pathways. We found pharmacologic inhibition of the p38, CK2, CDK, AXL, and PIKFYVE kinases to possess antiviral efficacy, representing potential COVID-19 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bouhaddou
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Danish Memon
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bjoern Meyer
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Kris M White
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Veronica V Rezelj
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Miguel Correa Marrero
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin J Polacco
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - James E Melnyk
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Svenja Ulferts
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Robyn M Kaake
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jyoti Batra
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alicia L Richards
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Erica Stevenson
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David E Gordon
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ajda Rojc
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kirsten Obernier
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Fabius
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Margaret Soucheray
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lisa Miorin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Elena Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Cassandra Koh
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Quang Dinh Tran
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Alexandra Hardy
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Rémy Robinot
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France; Vaccine Research Institute, 94000 Creteil, France
| | - Thomas Vallet
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | | | - Claudia Hernandez-Armenta
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alistair Dunham
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sebastian Weigang
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Julian Knerr
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Maya Modak
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Diego Quintero
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuan Zhou
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Aurelien Dugourd
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Alberto Valdeolivas
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Trupti Patil
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Qiongyu Li
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ruth Hüttenhain
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Merve Cakir
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Monita Muralidharan
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Minkyu Kim
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Jang
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Beril Tutuncuoglu
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Joseph Hiatt
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jeffrey Z Guo
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jiewei Xu
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sophia Bouhaddou
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Christopher J P Mathy
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anna Gaulton
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma J Manners
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eloy Félix
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ying Shi
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Marisa Goff
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jean K Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emmie De Wit
- NIH/NIAID/Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Andrew R Leach
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tanja Kortemme
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brian Shoichet
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Benjamin R tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - R Dyche Mullins
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | | | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79008, Germany
| | - Robert Grosse
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79008, Germany; Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), Freiburg 79104, Germany.
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France.
| | - Jeffery R Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Pedro Beltrao
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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20
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Annexin A2 in Inflammation and Host Defense. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061499. [PMID: 32575495 PMCID: PMC7348701 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is a multifunctional calcium2+ (Ca2+) and phospholipid-binding protein that is expressed in a wide spectrum of cells, including those participating in the inflammatory response. In acute inflammation, the interaction of AnxA2 with actin and adherens junction VE-cadherins underlies its role in regulating vascular integrity. In addition, its contribution to endosomal membrane repair impacts several aspects of inflammatory regulation, including lysosome repair, which regulates inflammasome activation, and autophagosome biogenesis, which is essential for macroautophagy. On the other hand, AnxA2 may be co-opted to promote adhesion, entry, and propagation of bacteria or viruses into host cells. In the later stages of acute inflammation, AnxA2 contributes to the initiation of angiogenesis, which promotes tissue repair, but, when dysregulated, may also accompany chronic inflammation. AnxA2 is overexpressed in malignancies, such as breast cancer and glioblastoma, and likely contributes to cancer progression in the context of an inflammatory microenvironment. We conclude that annexin AnxA2 normally fulfills a spectrum of anti-inflammatory functions in the setting of both acute and chronic inflammation but may contribute to disease states in settings of disordered homeostasis.
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21
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Gonias SL, Zampieri C. Plasminogen Receptors in Human Malignancies: Effects on Prognosis and Feasibility as Targets for Drug Development. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:647-656. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666191122101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The major proteases that constitute the fibrinolysis system are tightly regulated. Protease inhibitors target plasmin, the protease responsible for fibrin degradation, and the proteases that convert plasminogen into plasmin, including tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). A second mechanism by which fibrinolysis is regulated involves exosite interactions, which localize plasminogen and its activators to fibrin, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and cell surfaces. Once plasmin is generated in association with cell surfaces, it may cleave transmembrane proteins, activate growth factors, release growth factors from ECM proteins, remodel ECM, activate metalloproteases, and trigger cell-signaling by cleaving receptors in the Proteaseactivated Receptor (PAR) family. These processes are all implicated in cancer. It is thus not surprising that a family of structurally diverse but functionally similar cell-surface proteins, called Plasminogen Receptors (PlgRs), which increase the catalytic efficiency of plasminogen activation, have received attention for their possible function in cancer and as targets for anticancer drug development. In this review, we consider four previously described PlgRs, including: α-enolase, annexin-A2, Plg-RKT, and cytokeratin-8, in human cancer. To compare the PlgRs, we mined transcriptome profiling data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and searched for correlations between PlgR expression and patient survival. In glioma, the expression of specific PlgRs correlates with tumor grade. In a number of malignancies, including glioblastoma and liver cancer, increased expression of α-enolase or annexin-A2 is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Whether these correlations reflect the function of PlgRs as receptors for plasminogen or other activities is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L. Gonias
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Carlotta Zampieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, 00133, Italy
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22
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Qin YY, Huang SN, Chen G, Pang YY, Li XJ, Xing WW, Wei DM, He Y, Rong MH, Tang XZ. Clinicopathological value and underlying molecular mechanism of annexin A2 in 992 cases of thyroid carcinoma. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 86:107258. [PMID: 32304977 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid carcinoma (THCA) is one of the most frequent endocrine cancers and has increasing morbidity. Annexin A2 (ANXA2) has been found to be highly expressed in various cancers; however, its expression level and potential mechanism in THCA remain unknown. This study investigated the clinicopathological value and primary molecular machinery of ANXA2 in THCA. MATERIAL AND METHODS Public RNA-sequencing and microarray data were obtained and analyzed with ANXA2 expression in THCA and corresponding non-cancerous thyroid tissue. A Pearson correlation coefficient calculation was used for the acquisition of ANXA2 coexpressed genes, while edgR, limma, and Robust Rank Aggregation were employed for differentially expressed gene (DEG) in THCA. The probable mechanism of ANXA2 in THCA was predicted by gene ontology and pathway enrichment. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to confirm the targeting relationships between ANXA2 and its predicted microRNA (miRNA). RESULTS Expression of ANXA2 was significantly upregulated in THCA tissues with a summarized standardized mean difference of 1.09 (P < 0.0001) based on 992 THCA cases and 589 cases of normal thyroid tissue. Expression of ANXA2 was related to pathologic stage. Subsequently, 1442 genes were obtained when overlapping 4542 ANXA2 coexpressed genes with 2248 DEGs in THCA; these genes were mostly enriched in pathways of extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, cell adhesion molecules, and complement and coagulation cascades. MiR-23b-3p was confirmed to target ANXA2 by dual-luciferase reporter assay. CONCLUSIONS Upregulated expression of ANXA2 may promote the malignant biological behavior of THCA by affecting the involving pathways or being targeted by miR-23b-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ying Qin
- Department of Head and Neck Tumor Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Su-Ning Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Yu-Yan Pang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Li
- Department of PET/CT, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Wen-Wen Xing
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Dan-Ming Wei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Min-Hua Rong
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Zhun Tang
- Department of Head and Neck Tumor Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China.
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Cáliz Cáliz R, Díaz Del Campo Fontecha P, Galindo Izquierdo M, López Longo FJ, Martínez Zamora MÁ, Santamaría Ortiz A, Amengual Pliego O, Cuadrado Lozano MJ, Delgado Beltrán MP, Carmona Ortells L, Cervantes Pérez EC, Díaz-Cordovés Rego G, Garrote Corral S, Fuego Varela C, Martín López M, Nishishinya B, Novella Navarro M, Pereda Testa C, Sánchez Pérez H, Silva-Fernández L, Martínez Taboada VM. Recommendations of the Spanish Rheumatology Society for Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Part I: Diagnosis, Evaluation and Treatment. REUMATOLOGIA CLINICA 2020; 16:71-86. [PMID: 30713012 DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The difficulty in diagnosis and the spectrum of clinical manifestations that can determine the choice of treatment for primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) has fostered the development of recommendations by the Spanish Society of Rheumatology (SER), based on the best possible evidence. These recommendations can serve as a reference for rheumatologists and other specialists involved in the management of APS. METHODS A panel of four rheumatologists, a gynaecologist and a haematologist with expertise in APS was created, previously selected by the SER through an open call or based on professional merits. The stages of the work were: identification of the key areas for drafting the document, analysis and synthesis of the scientific evidence (using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network [SIGN] levels of evidence) and formulation of recommendations based on this evidence and formal assessment or reasoned judgement techniques (consensus techniques). RESULTS 46 recommendations were drawn up, addressing five main areas: diagnosis and evaluation, measurement of primary thromboprophylaxis, treatment for APS or secondary thromboprophylaxis, treatment for obstetric APS and special situations. These recommendations also include the role of novel oral anticoagulants, the problem of recurrences or the key risk factors identified in these subjects. This document reflects the first 21, referring to the areas of: diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of primary APS. The document provides a table of recommendations and treatment algorithms. CONCLUSIONS An update of the SER recommendations on APS is presented. This document corresponds to partI, related to diagnosis, evaluation and treatment. These recommendations are considered tools for decision-making for clinicians, taking into consideration both the decision of the physician experienced in APS and the patient. A partII has also been prepared, which addresses aspects related to obstetric SAF and special situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cáliz Cáliz
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España.
| | | | | | | | - María Ángeles Martínez Zamora
- Unidad de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España; Representante de la Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia (SEGO), Madrid, España
| | - Amparo Santamaría Ortiz
- Unidad de Hemostasias y Trombosis, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España; Representante de la Sociedad Española de Trombosis y Hemostasia (SETH), Madrid, España
| | - Olga Amengual Pliego
- Departamento de Reumatología, Endocrinología y Nefrología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japón
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Clara Fuego Varela
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga. Hospital Civil, Málaga, España
| | - María Martín López
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
| | - Betina Nishishinya
- Servicio de Reumatología y Medicina del deporte, Clínica Quirón, Barcelona, España
| | | | | | - Hiurma Sánchez Pérez
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
| | - Lucia Silva-Fernández
- Servicio de Reumatología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, Ferrol, A Coruña, España
| | - Víctor Manuel Martínez Taboada
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria; Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, España
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24
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Krämer M, Markart P, Drakopanagiotakis F, Mamazhakypov A, Schaefer L, Didiasova M, Wygrecka M. Pirfenidone inhibits motility of NSCLC cells by interfering with the urokinase system. Cell Signal 2020; 65:109432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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25
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A new role for host annexin A2 in establishing bacterial adhesion to vascular endothelial cells: lines of evidence from atomic force microscopy and an in vivo study. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1650-1660. [PMID: 31253864 PMCID: PMC6913097 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding bacterial adhesion is challenging and critical to our understanding of the initial stages of the pathogenesis of endovascular bacterial infections. The vascular endothelial cell (EC) is the main target of Rickettsia, an obligately intracellular bacterium that causes serious systemic disease in humans and animals. But the mechanism(s) underlying bacterial adherence to ECs under shear stress from flowing blood prior to activation are unknown for any bacteria. Although host surface annexin a2 (ANXA2) has been identified to participate in efficient bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, direct evidence is lacking in the field of bacterial infections of ECs. In the present study, we employ a novel, anatomically based, in vivo quantitative bacterial-adhesion-to-vascular-EC system, combined with atomic force microscopy (AFM), to examine the role of endothelial luminal surface ANXA2 during rickettsial adherence to ECs. We also examined whether ANXA2 antibody affected binding of Staphylococcus aureus to ECs. We found that deletion of ANXA2 impeded rickettsial attachment to the ECs in vitro and blocked rickettsial adherence to the blood vessel luminal surface in vivo. The AFM studies established that EC surface ANXA2 acts as an adherence receptor for rickettsiae, and that rickettsial adhesin OmpB is the associated bacterial ligand. Furthermore, pretreatment of ECs with anti-ANXA2 antibody reduced EC surface-associated S. aureus. We conclude that the endothelial surface ANXA2 plays an important role in initiating pathogen-host interactions, ultimately leading to bacterial anchoring on the vascular luminal surface.
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26
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Salle V, Sagnier A, Diouf M, Schmidt J, Smail A, Galmiche A, Herpe Y, Duhaut P. Prevalence of anti-S100A10 antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome patients. Thromb Res 2019; 179:15-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Lenoir S, Varangot A, Lebouvier L, Galli T, Hommet Y, Vivien D. Post-synaptic Release of the Neuronal Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator (tPA). Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:164. [PMID: 31105531 PMCID: PMC6491899 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal serine protease tissue-type Plasminogen Activator (tPA) is an important player of the neuronal survival and of the synaptic plasticity. Thus, a better understanding the mechanisms regulating the neuronal trafficking of tPA is required to further understand how tPA can influence brain functions. Using confocal imaging including living cells and high-resolution cell imaging combined with an innovating labeling of tPA, we demonstrate that the neuronal tPA is contained in endosomal vesicles positives for Rabs and in exosomal vesicles positives for synaptobrevin-2 (VAMP2) in dendrites and axons. tPA-containing vesicles differ in their dynamics with the dendritic tPA containing-vesicles less mobile than the axonal tPA-containing vesicles, these laters displaying mainly a retrograde trafficking. Interestingly spontaneous exocytosis of tPA containing-vesicles occurs largely in dendrites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Lenoir
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Alexandre Varangot
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Lebouvier
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Thierry Galli
- Membrane Traffic in Healthy & Diseased Brain, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM U894, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Hommet
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France.,Department of Clinical Research, Caen University Hospital, CHU Caen, Caen, France
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28
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Bres EE, Faissner A. Low Density Receptor-Related Protein 1 Interactions With the Extracellular Matrix: More Than Meets the Eye. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:31. [PMID: 30931303 PMCID: PMC6428713 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a biological substrate composed of collagens, proteoglycans and glycoproteins that ensures proper cell migration and adhesion and keeps the cell architecture intact. The regulation of the ECM composition is a vital process strictly controlled by, among others, proteases, growth factors and adhesion receptors. As it appears, ECM remodeling is also essential for proper neuronal and glial development and the establishment of adequate synaptic signaling. Hence, disturbances in ECM functioning are often present in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, mutations in ECM molecules are found in some forms of epilepsy and malfunctioning of ECM-related genes and pathways can be seen in, for example, cancer or ischemic injury. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (Lrp1) is a member of the low density lipoprotein receptor family. Lrp1 is involved not only in ligand uptake, receptor mediated endocytosis and lipoprotein transport—functions shared by low density lipoprotein receptor family members—but also regulates cell surface protease activity, controls cellular entry and binding of toxins and viruses, protects against atherosclerosis and acts on many cell signaling pathways. Given the plethora of functions, it is not surprising that Lrp1 also impacts the ECM and is involved in its remodeling. This review focuses on the role of Lrp1 and some of its major ligands on ECM function. Specifically, interactions with two Lrp1 ligands, integrins and tissue plasminogen activator are described in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa E Bres
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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29
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He X, Drelich A, Yu S, Chang Q, Gong D, Zhou Y, Qu Y, Yuan Y, Su Z, Qiu Y, Tang SJ, Gaitas A, Ksiazek T, Xu Z, Zhou J, Feng Z, Wakamiya M, Lu F, Gong B. Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP plays a critical role in regulation of vascular fibrinolysis. Life Sci 2019; 221:1-12. [PMID: 30738042 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis at the surface of vascular endothelial cells (SVEC) plays a key role in maintaining vascular hemostasis, in which the cAMP pathway participates. After externalization to the SVEC, annexin A2 (ANXA2) serves as a platform for conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. Here we describe a regulatory role of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) in ANXA2 externalization and vascular fibrinolysis. Knockout of EPAC1 in mice results in a decreased ANXA2 expression on the SVEC associated with increased fibrin deposition and fibrinolytic dysfunction. Reduced levels of EPAC1 are also found in endocardial tissues beneath atrial mural thrombi in patients. Notably, administration of recombinant ANXA2 ameliorates fibrinolytic dysfunction in the EPAC1-null mice. Mechanistically, EPAC1 regulates the SVEC plasminogen conversion depended on ANXA2. EPAC1 promotes tyrosine-23 phosphorylation of ANXA2, a prerequisite for its recruitment to the SVEC. Our data thus reveal a novel regulatory role for EPAC1 in vascular fibrinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Aleksandra Drelich
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Shangyi Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Dejun Gong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yixuan Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yue Qu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhengchen Su
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Shao-Jun Tang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Angelo Gaitas
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA
| | - Thomas Ksiazek
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Zhiyun Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Zongdi Feng
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Maki Wakamiya
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Fanglin Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Bin Gong
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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30
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Gonias SL, Banki MA, Gilder AS, Azmoon P, Campana WM, Mantuano E. PAI1 blocks NMDA receptor-mediated effects of tissue-type plasminogen activator on cell signaling and physiology. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.217083. [PMID: 29930084 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.217083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The fibrinolysis proteinase tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA, also known as PLAT) triggers cell signaling and regulates cell physiology. In PC12 cells, Schwann cells and macrophages, the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) mediates tPA signaling. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI1, also known as SERPINE1) is a rapidly acting inhibitor of tPA enzyme activity. Although tPA-initiated cell signaling is not dependent on its enzyme active site, we show that tPA signaling is neutralized by PAI1. In PC12 cells, PAI1 blocked the ERK1/2 activation mediated by tPA as well as neurite outgrowth. In Schwann cells, PAI1 blocked tPA-mediated ERK1/2 activation and cell migration. In macrophages, PAI1 blocked the ability of tPA to inhibit IκBα phosphorylation and cytokine expression. The cell signaling activity of tPA-PAI1 complex was rescued when the complex was formed with PAI1R76E, which binds to LRP1 with decreased affinity, by pre-treating cells with the LRP1 antagonist receptor-associated protein and upon LRP1 gene silencing. The inhibitory role of LRP1 in tPA-PAI1 complex-initiated cell signaling was unanticipated given the reported role of LRP1 as an NMDA-R co-receptor in signaling responses elicited by free tPA or α2-macroglobulin. We conclude that PAI1 functions as an in-hibitor not only of the enzyme activity of tPA but also of tPA receptor-mediated activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Gonias
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael A Banki
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew S Gilder
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA
| | - Pardis Azmoon
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA
| | - Wendy M Campana
- Department of Anesthesiology and the Program in Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA
| | - Elisabetta Mantuano
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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31
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Gonzalez-Calero L, Martínez PJ, Martin-Lorenzo M, Baldan-Martin M, Ruiz-Hurtado G, de la Cuesta F, Calvo E, Segura J, Lopez JA, Vázquez J, Barderas MG, Ruilope LM, Vivanco F, Alvarez-Llamas G. Urinary exosomes reveal protein signatures in hypertensive patients with albuminuria. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44217-44231. [PMID: 28562335 PMCID: PMC5546475 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Albuminuria is an indicator of cardiovascular risk and renal damage in hypertensive individuals. Chronic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) suppression facilitates blood pressure control and prevents development of new-onset-albuminuria. A significant number of patients, however, develop albuminuria despite chronic RAS blockade, and the physiopathological mechanisms are underexplored. Urinary exosomes reflect pathological changes taking place in the kidney. The objective of this work was to examine exosomal protein alterations in hypertensive patients with albuminuria in the presence of chronic RAS suppression, to find novel clues underlying its development. Patients were followed-up for three years and were classified as: a) patients with persistent normoalbuminuria; b) patients developing de novo albuminuria; and c) patients with maintained albuminuria. Exosomal protein alterations between groups were identified by isobaric tag quantitation (iTRAQ). Confirmation was approached by target analysis (SRM). In total, 487 proteins were identified with high confidence. Specifically, 48 proteins showed an altered pattern in response to hypertension and/or albuminuria. Out of them, 21 proteins interact together in three main functional clusters: glycosaminoglycan degradation, coagulation and complement system, and oxidative stress. The identified proteins constitute potential targets for drug development and may help to define therapeutic strategies to evade albuminuria progression in hypertensive patients chronically treated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula J Martínez
- Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, REDinREN, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Hypertension Unit, Instituto de Investigación Imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando de la Cuesta
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Julian Segura
- Hypertension Unit, Instituto de Investigación Imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Vázquez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria G Barderas
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Luis M Ruilope
- Hypertension Unit, Instituto de Investigación Imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Vivanco
- Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, REDinREN, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Gusev EI, Martynov MY, Yasamanova AN, Nikonov AA, Markin SS, Semenov AM. Thrombolytic therapy of ischemic stroke. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018; 118:4-14. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20181181224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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33
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Christensen M, H�gdall C, Jochumsen K, H�gdall E. Annexin A2 and cancer: A systematic review. Int J Oncol 2017; 52:5-18. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Christensen
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Unit, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus H�gdall
- Department of Gynaecology, Juliane Maria Centre (JMC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Jochumsen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Estrid H�gdall
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Unit, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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34
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Yuan Y, Zajicek J, Qiu C, Chandrahas V, Lee SW, Ploplis VA, Castellino FJ. Conformationally organized lysine isosteres in Streptococcus pyogenes M protein mediate direct high-affinity binding to human plasminogen. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15016-15027. [PMID: 28724633 PMCID: PMC5592677 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.794198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of human plasminogen (hPg) to the surface of the human pathogen group A Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) and subsequent hPg activation to the protease plasmin generate a proteolytic surface that GAS employs to circumvent host innate immunity. Direct high-affinity binding of hPg/plasmin to pattern D GAS is fully recapitulated by the hPg kringle 2 domain (K2hPg) and a short internal peptide region (a1a2) of a specific subtype of bacterial surface M protein, present in all GAS pattern D strains. To better understand the nature of this binding, critical to the virulence of many GAS skin-tropic strains, we used high-resolution NMR to define the interaction of recombinant K2hPg with recombinant a1a2 (VKK38) of the M protein from GAS isolate NS455. We found a 2:1 (m/m) binding stoichiometry of K2hPg/VKK38, with the lysine-binding sites of two K2hPg domains anchored to two regions of monomeric VKK38. The K2hPg/VKK38 binding altered the VKK38 secondary structure from a helical apo-peptide with a flexible center to an end-to-end K2hPg-bound α-helix. The K2hPg residues occupied opposite faces of this helix, an arrangement that minimized steric clashing of K2hPg We conclude that VKK38 provides two conformational lysine isosteres that each interact with the lysine-binding sites in K2hPg Further, the adoption of an α-helix by VKK38 upon binding to K2hPg sterically optimizes the side chains of VKK38 for maximal binding to K2hPg and minimizes steric overlap between the K2hPg domains. The mechanism for hPg/M protein binding uncovered here may facilitate targeting of GAS virulence factors for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- From the W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and
| | | | - Cunjia Qiu
- From the W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and
| | - Vishwanatha Chandrahas
- From the W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and
| | - Shaun W Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Victoria A Ploplis
- From the W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and
| | - Francis J Castellino
- From the W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research,
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and
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35
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Protein phosphorylation and its role in the regulation of Annexin A2 function. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2515-2529. [PMID: 28867585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is a multifunctional protein involved in endocytosis, exocytosis, membrane domain organisation, actin remodelling, signal transduction, protein assembly, transcription and mRNA transport, as well as DNA replication and repair. SCOPE OF REVIEW The current knowledge of the role of phosphorylation in the functional regulation of AnxA2 is reviewed. To provide a more comprehensive treatment of this topic, we also address in depth the phosphorylation process in general and discuss its possible conformational effects. Furthermore, we discuss the apparent limitations of the methods used to investigate phosphoproteins, as exemplified by the study of AnxA2. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS AnxA2 is subjected to complex regulation by post-translational modifications affecting its cellular functions, with Ser11, Ser25 and Tyr23 representing important phosphorylation sites. Thus, Ser phosphorylation of AnxA2 is involved in the recruitment and docking of secretory granules, the regulation of its association with S100A10, and sequestration of perinuclear, translationally inactive mRNP complexes. By contrast, Tyr phosphorylation of AnxA2 regulates its role in actin dynamics and increases its association with endosomal compartments. Modification of its three main phosphorylation sites is not sufficient to discriminate between its numerous functions. Thus, fine-tuning of AnxA2 function is mediated by the joint action of several post-translational modifications. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE AnxA2 participates in malignant cell transformation, and its overexpression and/or phosphorylation is associated with cancer progression and metastasis. Thus, tight regulation of AnxA2 function is an integral aspect of cellular homeostasis. The presence of AnxA2 in cancer cell-derived exosomes, as well as the potential regulation of exosomal AnxA2 by phosphorylation or other PTMs, are topics of great interest.
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36
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Liu W, Hajjar KA. The annexin A2 system and angiogenesis. Biol Chem 2017; 397:1005-16. [PMID: 27366903 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature, the process known as angiogenesis, is highly regulated by pro- and anti-angiogenic signaling molecules including growth factors and proteases. As an endothelial cell-surface co-receptor for plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator, the annexin A2 (ANXA2) complex accelerates plasmin generation and facilitates fibrinolysis. Plasmin can subsequently activate a downstream proteolytic cascade involving multiple matrix metalloproteinases. Thus, in addition to maintaining blood vessel patency, the ANXA2 complex can also promote angiogenesis via its pro-fibrinolytic activity. The generation of ANXA2-deficient mice allowed us to first observe the pro-angiogenic role of ANXA2 in vivo. Further investigations have provided additional details regarding the mechanism for ANXA2 regulation of retinal and corneal angiogenesis. Other studies have reported that ANXA2 supports angiogenesis in specific tumor-related settings. Here, we summarize results from in vivo studies that illustrate the pro-angiogenic role of ANXA2, and discuss the critical questions that may lead to an advanced understanding of the molecular mechanisms for ANXA2-mediated angiogenesis. Finally, highlights from studies on ANXA2-interacting agents offer potential therapeutic opportunities for the application of ANXA2-centered pharmaceuticals in angiogenesis-related disorders.
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37
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Unuma K, Aki T, Noritake K, Funakoshi T, Uemura K. A CO-releasing molecule prevents annexin A2 down-regulation and associated disorders in LPS-administered rat lung. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:748-754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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38
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Abd El-Latif M, Azzam H, Othman M, Warda O, El-Sharawy S, Ghoneim H. Assessment of annexin A5 and annexin A2 levels as biomarkers for pre-eclampsia: A pilot study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2017; 8:65-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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39
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Wang D, Cao Y, Zheng L, Lv D, Chen L, Xing X, Zhu Z, Li X, Chai Y. Identification of Annexin A2 as a target protein for plant alkaloid matrine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:5020-5023. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02227a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cellular target of matrine is identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyao Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yan Cao
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Leyi Zheng
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Diya Lv
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Langdong Chen
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xinrui Xing
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong SAR
- China
| | - Yifeng Chai
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
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40
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Bonaventura A, Montecucco F, Dallegri F. Update on the effects of treatment with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in acute ischemic stroke. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:1323-1340. [PMID: 27548625 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2016.1227779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) represents a major cause of death and disability all over the world. The recommended therapy aims at dissolving the clot to re-establish quickly the blood flow to the brain and reduce neuronal injury. Intravenous administration of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is clinically used with this goal. AREAS COVERED A description of beneficial and detrimental effects of rt-PA treatment is addressed. An overview of new therapies against AIS, such as new thrombolytics, sonolysis and sonothrombolysis, endovascular procedures, and association therapies is provided. Updates on the pathophysiological process leading to intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is also discussed. EXPERT OPINION rt-PA treatment in AIS patients is beneficial to recovery outcomes. To weaken risks and improve benefits, it might be relevant to consider: i) a definitive identification of risk factors for symptomatic ICH; ii). a better organization of the health care system to reduce time-to-treatment and enhance discharge management. The pharmacological improvement of new thrombolytic drugs (such as tenecteplase and desmoteplase) targeting harmful and maximally exploiting beneficial effects might further reduce mortality and disability in AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Bonaventura
- a First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Genoa School of Medicine , Genoa , Italy.,b IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- a First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Genoa School of Medicine , Genoa , Italy.,b IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genoa , Genoa , Italy.,c Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR) , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Franco Dallegri
- a First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Genoa School of Medicine , Genoa , Italy.,b IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genoa , Genoa , Italy
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41
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Anti-dsDNA antibodies and resident renal cells - Their putative roles in pathogenesis of renal lesions in lupus nephritis. Clin Immunol 2016; 185:40-50. [PMID: 27612436 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis affects up to 70% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and is an important treatable cause of kidney failure. Cardinal features of lupus nephritis include loss of self-tolerance, production of autoantibodies, immune complex deposition and immune-mediated injury to the kidney, resulting in increased cell proliferation, apoptosis, and induction of inflammatory and fibrotic processes that destroy normal nephrons. The production anti-dsDNA antibodies is a cardinal feature in lupus and their level correlates with disease activity. In addition to the formation of immune complexes thereby triggering complement activation, how anti-dsDNA antibodies home to the kidney and induce pathological processes in the renal parenchyma remain to be fully elucidated. Data from our laboratory and other investigators show that the properties of anti-dsDNA antibodies vary between patients and change over time, and that anti-dsDNA antibodies could bind directly to integral cell surface molecules such as annexin II or α-actinin, or indirectly through chromatin material deposited on the cell surface. The binding of anti-dsDNA antibodies to mesangial cells and proximal renal tubular epithelial cells triggers downstream inflammatory and fibrotic pathways, which include the activation of the PKC and MAPK signaling pathways, increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix protein deposition that contribute to pathological processes in the renal parenchyma.
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42
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Salle V, Schmidt J, Smail A, Mazière C, Conte MA, Brulé A, Mazière JC, Cadet E, Herpe YE, Duhaut P. Antibodies directed against annexin A2 and obstetric morbidity. J Reprod Immunol 2016; 118:50-53. [PMID: 27631133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acquired and inherited thrombophilia have both been reported to be associated with an increased risk of obstetric complications in early or later stages of pregnancy. Annexin A2 (ANXA2) is strongly expressed in vascular and placental tissues and plays a crucial role in fibrinolysis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies directed against ANXA2 in patients with recurrent miscarriage or obstetric complications. Anti-ANXA2 antibodies (aANXA2) were detected by ELISA in the sera from 46 women with obstetric morbidity, mainly recurrent miscarriage. The cut-off value for positivity was defined as 3 standard deviations above the mean optical density (OD) obtained in the sera from 42 female blood donors. The prevalence of aANXA2 in patients and healthy individuals was 15.2% and 2.3%, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed between the 2 groups in terms of aANXA2 IgG titers (p=0.01). The highest aANXA2 levels were observed in sera from 2 patients with recurrent miscarriage and one patient with preeclampsia. aANXA2 could play a role in thrombotic mechanisms leading to recurrent pregnancy loss and placental vascular disease. Further studies are needed to determine whether ANXA2 is critical for maintenance of placental integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Salle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amiens University Hospital, France; INSERM U1088, Biochemistry Laboratory, Amiens University Hospital, France.
| | - J Schmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amiens University Hospital, France
| | - A Smail
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amiens University Hospital, France
| | - C Mazière
- INSERM U1088, Biochemistry Laboratory, Amiens University Hospital, France
| | - M A Conte
- INSERM U1088, Biochemistry Laboratory, Amiens University Hospital, France
| | - A Brulé
- French Blood Establishment-North of France, France
| | - J C Mazière
- INSERM U1088, Biochemistry Laboratory, Amiens University Hospital, France
| | - E Cadet
- Department of Genetics, Amiens University Hospital, France
| | - Y E Herpe
- Biobank of Picardie, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - P Duhaut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amiens University Hospital, France
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43
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The Fibrinolytic System in the Interstitial Space. Protein Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315374307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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44
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Thrombotic risk assessment in antiphospholipid syndrome: the role of new antibody specificities and thrombin generation assay. Clin Mol Allergy 2016; 14:6. [PMID: 27429595 PMCID: PMC4947367 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-016-0043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune condition characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in subjects presenting with thrombosis and/or pregnancy loss. The currently used classification criteria were updated in the international consensus held in Sidney in 2005. Vascular events seem to result of local procoagulative alterations upon triggers influence (the so called “second-hit theory”), while placental thrombosis and complement activation seem to lead to pregnancy morbidity. The laboratory tests suggested by the current classification criteria include lupus anticoagulant, a functional coagulation assay, and anticardiolipin and anti-β2-glycoprotein-I antibodies, generally detected by solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The real challenge for treating physicians is understanding what is the actual weight of aPL in provoking clinical manifestations in each case. As thrombosis has a multi-factorial cause, each patient needs a risk-stratified approach. In this review we discuss the role of thrombotic risk assessment in primary and secondary prevention of venous and arterial thromboembolic disease in patients with APS, focusing on new antibody specificities, available risk scoring models and new coagulation assays.
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45
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Kita K, Sugita K, Sato C, Sugaya S, Sato T, Kaneda A. Extracellular Release of Annexin A2 is Enhanced upon Oxidative Stress Response via the p38 MAPK Pathway after Low-Dose X-Ray Irradiation. Radiat Res 2016; 186:79-91. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14277.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Kita
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan and
| | - Katsuo Sugita
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Education, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Chihomi Sato
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan and
| | - Shigeru Sugaya
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan and
| | - Tetsuo Sato
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan and
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan and
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46
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Motley MP, Madsen DH, Jürgensen HJ, Spencer DE, Szabo R, Holmbeck K, Flick MJ, Lawrence DA, Castellino FJ, Weigert R, Bugge TH. A CCR2 macrophage endocytic pathway mediates extravascular fibrin clearance in vivo. Blood 2016; 127:1085-96. [PMID: 26647393 PMCID: PMC4778161 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-05-644260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extravascular fibrin deposition accompanies many human diseases and causes chronic inflammation and organ damage, unless removed in a timely manner. Here, we used intravital microscopy to investigate how fibrin is removed from extravascular space. Fibrin placed into the dermis of mice underwent cellular endocytosis and lysosomal targeting, revealing a novel intracellular pathway for extravascular fibrin degradation. A C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2)-positive macrophage subpopulation constituted the majority of fibrin-uptaking cells. Consequently, cellular fibrin uptake was diminished by elimination of CCR2-expressing cells. The CCR2-positive macrophage subtype was different from collagen-internalizing M2-like macrophages. Cellular fibrin uptake was strictly dependent on plasminogen and plasminogen activator. Surprisingly, however, fibrin endocytosis was unimpeded by the absence of the fibrin(ogen) receptors, αMβ2 and ICAM-1, the myeloid cell integrin-binding site on fibrin or the endocytic collagen receptor, the mannose receptor. The study identifies a novel fibrin endocytic pathway engaged in extravascular fibrin clearance and shows that interstitial fibrin and collagen are cleared by different subsets of macrophages employing distinct molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Motley
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel H Madsen
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Haematology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; Finsen Laboratory, Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik J Jürgensen
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Finsen Laboratory, Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David E Spencer
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Roman Szabo
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kenn Holmbeck
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Matthew J Flick
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Daniel A Lawrence
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; and
| | - Francis J Castellino
- W. M. Keck Center for Transgene Research and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Thomas H Bugge
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Renner B, Tong HH, Laskowski J, Jonscher K, Goetz L, Woolaver R, Hannan J, Li YX, Hourcade D, Pickering MC, Holers VM, Thurman JM. Annexin A2 Enhances Complement Activation by Inhibiting Factor H. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:1355-65. [PMID: 26729803 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Factor H is a circulating protein that regulates activation of the alternative pathway (AP) of complement. Mutations and genetic variations of factor H are associated with several AP-mediated diseases, highlighting the critical role of factor H in AP regulation. AP-mediated inflammation is typically triggered by illness or tissue injury, however, and tissue injury can trigger AP activation in individuals with fully functional factor H. This suggests that factor H function is affected by local conditions within tissues. We hypothesized that inducible proteins impair the ability of factor H to locally control the AP, thereby increasing AP activation. We used purified murine factor H to immunoprecipitate binding partners from mouse kidneys. Using immunoaffinity liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we identified annexin A2 as a factor H binding partner. Further experiments showed that annexin A2 reduces the binding of factor H to cell surfaces. Recombinant annexin A2 impaired complement regulation by factor H and increased complement activation on renal cell surfaces in vitro and in vivo. In a murine model of acute pneumococcal otitis media, the administration of annexin A2 increased AP-mediated bacterial opsonization and clearance. In conclusion, the local production of annexin A2 within tissues suppresses regulation of the AP by factor H. Annexin A2 can contribute to AP-mediated tissue inflammation by locally impairing factor H function, but it can also improve complement-mediated bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Renner
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Hua Hua Tong
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jennifer Laskowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Karen Jonscher
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Lindsey Goetz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Rachel Woolaver
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jonathan Hannan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Yong Xing Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Dennis Hourcade
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Matthew C Pickering
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - V Michael Holers
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Joshua M Thurman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045;
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48
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Hébert M, Lesept F, Vivien D, Macrez R. The story of an exceptional serine protease, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). Rev Neurol (Paris) 2015; 172:186-97. [PMID: 26626577 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The only acute treatment of ischemic stroke approved by the health authorities is tissue recombinant plasminogen activator (tPA)-induced thrombolysis. Under physiological conditions, tPA, belonging to the serine protease family, is secreted by endothelial and brain cells (neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes). Although revascularisation induced by tPA is beneficial during a stroke, research over the past 20 years shows that tPA can also be deleterious for the brain parenchyma. Thus, in this review of the literature, after a brief history on the discovery of tPA, we reviewed current knowledge of mechanisms by which tPA can influence brain function in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hébert
- Inserm, UMR-S U919 serine proteases and pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit, 14000 Caen, France
| | - F Lesept
- Inserm, UMR-S U919 serine proteases and pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D Vivien
- Inserm, UMR-S U919 serine proteases and pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit, 14000 Caen, France
| | - R Macrez
- Inserm, UMR-S U919 serine proteases and pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit, 14000 Caen, France.
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49
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Salle V, Cordonnier C, Schmidt J, Mazière C, Smail A, Attencourt C, Mabille MP, Mazière JC, Makdassi R, Choukroun G, Diouf M, Duhaut P, Ducroix JP. Vascular expression of annexin A2 in lupus nephritis. J Clin Pathol 2015; 69:533-6. [PMID: 26511441 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate vascular expression of annexin A2 (ANXA2) and its subunit S100A10 in lupus nephritis (LN). METHODS The present histological study included 14 patients with LN and 11 controls (patients with non-lupus kidney diseases). Kidney biopsies from patients with lupus were scored for lupus glomerulonephritis (according to the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society 2003 classification) and vascular lesions (such as microthrombi and antiphospholipid syndrome nephropathy (APSN)). ANXA2 and S100A10 expression in glomerular and peritubular capillaries was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on tissue sections. The staining intensity score ranged from 0 (no expression) to 4 (intense expression). RESULTS In patients with LN, the median age (range) at first kidney biopsy was 36 (18-49). Vascular lesions were observed in six patients (including two with APSN). We observed intense expression of ANXA2 in glomerular and peritubular capillaries while expression of S100A10 was weaker. However, one of the patients with APSN showed strong S100A10 expression. Patients with LN and controls differed significantly in terms of S100A10 expression in peritubular capillaries. We also observed a statistical difference between patients who had LN with renal vascular lesions and those without renal vascular lesions in terms of ANXA2 expression in peritubular capillaries. CONCLUSIONS The presence of vascular lesions in LN appears to be associated with significant differences in the vascular expression of ANXA2. Vascular expression of ANXA2 was somewhat higher in LN. Vascular expression of S100A10 was somewhat lower in LN (except one of the two patients with APSN). Further studies of ANXA2's putative value as a biomarker of active LN or of vascular lesions in LN are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Salle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - C Cordonnier
- Department of Pathology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - J Schmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - C Mazière
- INSERM U1088 Biochemistry Laboratory, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - A Smail
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - C Attencourt
- Department of Pathology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - M P Mabille
- Department of Pathology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - J C Mazière
- INSERM U1088 Biochemistry Laboratory, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - R Makdassi
- Department of Nephrology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - G Choukroun
- Department of Nephrology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - M Diouf
- Division of Clinical Research and Innovation, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - P Duhaut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - J P Ducroix
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
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50
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Yung S, Chan TM. Mechanisms of Kidney Injury in Lupus Nephritis - the Role of Anti-dsDNA Antibodies. Front Immunol 2015; 6:475. [PMID: 26441980 PMCID: PMC4569852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a breakdown of self-tolerance, production of auto-antibodies and immune-mediated injury, resulting in damage accrual in multiple organs. Kidney involvement, termed lupus nephritis, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality that affects over half of the SLE population during the course of disease. The etiology of lupus nephritis is multifactorial and remains to be fully elucidated. Accumulating evidence suggests that in addition to forming immune complexes and triggering complement activation, anti-dsDNA antibodies contribute to the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis through binding, either directly or indirectly, to cross-reactive antigens or chromatin materials, respectively, to resident renal cells and/or extracellular matrix components, thereby triggering downstream cellular activation and proliferation as well as inflammatory and fibrotic processes. Several cross-reactive antigens that mediate anti-dsDNA antibody binding have been identified, such as annexin II and alpha-actinin. This review discusses the mechanisms through which anti-dsDNA antibodies contribute to immunopathogenesis in lupus nephritis. Corticosteroids combined with either mycophenolic acid (MPA) or cyclophosphamide is the current standard of care immunosuppressive therapy for severe lupus nephritis. This review also discusses recent data showing distinct effects of MPA and cyclophosphamide on inflammatory and fibrotic processes in resident renal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yung
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Tak Mao Chan
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
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