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Crerar MM, Rooks NE. The Structure and Expression of Amylase Genes in Mammals: an Overview. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/07388558709086980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Koricanac G, Stojiljkovic M, Radivojsa S, Zakula Z, Ribarac-Stepic N, Isenovic ER. Effects of dexamethasone on insulin receptor in aging. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2008; 59:17-29. [PMID: 18401942 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.59.2008.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of dexamethasone (Dex) on functional properties of the rat insulin receptor (IR). Male Mill Hill hooded rats, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 21 months old, were injected with Dex (4 mg/kg) and rat liver and erythrocytes were used for experiments 18 h after Dex administration. Treatment with Dex lowered the specific binding (SB) of insulin (INS) in the liver of 3- and 18-month-old rats and concentration of INS binding sites (N1, N2) and the dissociation constant of low-affinity binding sites (Kd2) in the liver of 6- and 18-month-old rats. In addition, Dex treatment lowered the liver IR protein level in all analyzed groups, except 21-month-old rats where it remained unchanged, but raised the IR mRNA level in 18-month-old rats. In erythrocytes, treatment with Dex decreased SB and Kd2 (in animals 3 and 6 months old) and N1 (in ones 3 and 18 months old). Following Dex treatment, the INS plasma level increased (in rats 3, 18 and 21 months old), while glucose (Glu) concentration increased in 3 and 12 months old, but decreased in 6- and 21-month-old rats. In summary, Dex exerts the strongest effect on the erythrocyte IR of 3- and 6-month-old rats and the hepatic IR of 18-month-old rats. IR in both tissues is almost insensitive to Dex in 12- and 21-month-old rats. The pattern of age-related changes of IR induced by Dex does not correlate with changes of plasma Glu and INS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Koricanac
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Korićanac G, Vulović M, Radivojsa S, Zakula Z, Ribarac-Stepić N. Age-related changes of insulin receptors, plasma insulin and glucose level. Biogerontology 2004; 5:345-53. [PMID: 15547322 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-004-2576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of aging on hepatic and erythrocyte insulin receptors have been investigated in 6, 12, 18 and 21-months-old compare to 3-months-old rats. Plasma insulin was elevated in 6, 12 and 18-months-old rats. Specific binding of insulin in liver was increased at the age of 8 months and accompanied with increase in concentration of low affinity binding sites, while specific binding to erythrocytes as well as concentration of both classes of binding sites was increased in 6-months-old rats. The protein and mRNA content of hepatic receptor were decreased only in the oldest animals. Plasma glucose was elevated starting from 12-months-old rats, while, after decrease in 6-months-old animals, citrulline was raised in the oldest group. The results demonstrating that specific binding of insulin in liver and erythrocytes and the concentration of binding sites in both tissues were not decreased during aging, as well as the absence of changes in affinity of insulin binding sites do not point out to occurrence of insulin resistance. However, the increase in insulinemia in the middle of lifespan, elevated plasma glucose and citrulline as well as decrease of hepatic receptor protein and mRNA content in the oldest animals indicate some age-related changes in insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Korićanac
- Department for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro.
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Meleady P, Clynes M. Bromodeoxyuridine induces integrin expression at transcriptional (alpha2 subunit) and post-transcriptional (beta1 subunit) levels, and alters the adhesive properties of two human lung tumour cell lines. CELL COMMUNICATION & ADHESION 2002; 8:45-59. [PMID: 11775028 DOI: 10.3109/15419060109080706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are a family of transmembrane glycoproteins that participate in a wide range of cellular events including proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Little is known about the mechanisms that control integrin subunit expression in epithelial cells, especially during lung cell differentiation. We have examined the effect of the differentiation-modulating agent, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), on integrin expression in 2 human lung carcinoma cell lines, DLKP and A549. Treatment of both DLKP and A549 with 10 microM BrdU for 7 days resulted in increased expression of alpha2 and beta1 integrin subunit protein expression. Northern blot and RT-PCR analyses revealed progressively increasing levels of the alpha2 mRNA transcripts following BrdU treatment up to 21 days in both cell lines. However, no increase in beta1 integrin mRNA levels was observed in either cell, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation by BrdU. Treatment of HL-60, a leukaemic cell line, with BrdU up to 21 days resulted in no change in alpha2 or beta1 integrin subunit levels at either protein or mRNA levels suggesting that the change seen in the lung cell lines may be epithelial cell lineage-specific. BrdU has also been found to alter the adhesive properties of A549 and DLKP cells. Treated cells were found to adhere significantly faster to collagen type IV and laminin compared to untreated cells. The results presented here suggest that DLKP (and A549) may be useful cellular models to investigate the role of the alpha2beta1 integrin in lung epithelial cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Meleady
- National Cell and Tissue Culture Centre, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Meleady P, Clynes M. Bromodeoxyuridine increases keratin 19 protein expression at a posttranscriptional level in two human lung tumor cell lines. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2001; 37:536-42. [PMID: 11669288 DOI: 10.1290/1071-2690(2001)037<0536:bikpea>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Keratins form the largest subfamily of intermediate filament proteins and show strict lineage- and differentiation-associated expression in epithelial cells. Little is known about the mechanisms that control keratin protein synthesis in these cells. We have examined the effect of the differentiation-modulating agent, 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), on keratin 19 (K19) expression in two human lung carcinoma cell lines, DLKP and A549. Treatment of both cell lines with 10 microM BrdU for 7 d induced the expression of K19 protein in keratin-negative DLKP cells, and significantly increased K19 protein expression in A549 cells. K19 messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) were detected by Northern blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses in both cell lines, but no increase in K19 mRNA levels was detected in either cell line, even with treatment with BrdU for up to 21 d. This suggests that K19 protein synthesis is normally blocked at a posttranscriptional level in DLKP cells, and BrdU can somehow reverse this block, resulting in the induction of K19 protein synthesis. Treatment of HL60, a leukemic cell line, with BrdU, resulted in noninduction of K19 protein synthesis, and no K19 mRNA transcripts were detected before and after BrdU treatment, possibly suggesting that BrdU is acting in an epithelial-specific manner to reverse a block in K19 protein synthesis in DLKP keratin-negative lung cancer cells. Therefore, DLKP (and A549) may be useful cellular models to investigate if this represents a regulatory step in early lung development or a mechanism whereby tumor cells possess the ability to down-regulate the expression of a more-differentiated phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Meleady
- National Cell and Tissue Culture Centre, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland.
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6
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McBride S, Walsh D, Meleady P, Daly N, Clynes M. Bromodeoxyuridine induces keratin protein synthesis at a posttranscriptional level in human lung tumour cell lines. Differentiation 1999; 64:185-93. [PMID: 10234815 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-0436.1999.6430185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Keratin intermediate filaments are formed in epithelial cells in a cell- and tissue-specific manner, but much remains unknown regarding the mechanisms which control the synthesis of these proteins. We examined the effect of the differentiation modulation agent, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), on two human keratin-negative (by immunocytochemistry) lung cell lines, DLKP and H82, and showed immunohistochemically that treatment with 10 microM BrdU over 7 days induced K8 and K18 protein synthesis in both lines. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses revealed low levels of K8 and K18 proteins in untreated cell homogenates. These levels increased following treatment with BrdU for 7 days. K8 and K18 mRNAs were detected by Northern blot and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analyses in both lines before BrdU treatment, but no increase in mRNA levels was observed in either cell line over 21 days of treatment. This suggests, firstly, that keratin synthesis is normally blocked at a posttranscriptional level in DLKP and H82 cells, and secondly, that BrdU can reverse this block. A549 is a human lung cell line which contains K8 and K18 proteins. Treatment with BrdU increased K8 and K18 protein levels in these cells. No corresponding increase in K8 mRNA levels occurred, while an apparent increase in K18 mRNA levels was detected. HL-60 is a leukaemic cell-line of haematopoietic rather than epithelial lineage which contains K8 and K18 mRNA transcripts prior to BrdU treatment, but does not contain keratin proteins. Again, K8 and K18 mRNA levels remained unchanged during BrdU treatment. However, neither K8 nor K18 proteins were detected following treatment, although BrdU is known to alter expression of other genes in HL-60 cells. BrdU thus appears to act at a posttranscriptional level and in an epithelial-specific manner to reverse a block in keratin synthesis in keratin-negative lung cancer cells and increase synthesis in keratin-positive lung cancer cells. This may represent a regulatory step in early lung development or a mechanism whereby tumour cells downregulate expression of a differentiated phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- S McBride
- National Cell and Tissue Culture Centre, BioResearch Ireland, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Ireland.
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Sevaljević L, Macvanin M, Zakula Z, Kanazir DT, Ribarac-Septić N. Adrenalectomy and dexamethasone treatment alter the patterns of basal and acute phase response-induced expression of acute phase protein genes in rat liver. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1998; 66:347-53. [PMID: 9749840 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(98)00060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hormonal requirements for full hepatic expression of alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2M), alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), haptoglobin (Hp) and gamma-fibrinogen (Fb) were assessed at the level of mRNA. Prior to exposure to turpentine-induced inflammation, rats were either depleted of glucocorticoids by adrenalectomy or supplemented with an excess of dexamethasone. Adrenalectomy alone did not affect the basal level of acute phase protein (APP) expression except for alpha2M mRNA, the level of which was enhanced. In contrast, dexamethasone treatment alone promoted full induction of alpha2M, significant, but not maximal increase of AGP and Hp mRNAs and suppression of Fb. In adrenalectomized rats, acute phase (AP)-cytokines, released in response to inflammation, promoted full expression of Fb and Hp and increased the level of AGP mRNA whereas alpha2M mRNA remained at the basal level. Inflammation in dexamethasone pretreated rats elicited changes which, in comparison to mRNA values for dexamethasone unpretreated inflamed rats, were seen as overexpression of alpha2M, full expression of AGP and incomplete expression of Hp, whereas Fb mRNA remained at the basal level. These data suggest that glucocorticoids are the principal inducers of alpha2M and AP-cytokines of Fb. For full induction of AGP, additive actions of glucocorticoids and AP-cytokines are required whereas expression of Hp is predominantly controlled by AP-cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sevaljević
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
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8
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Deflorin J, Rudolf M, Seebeck T. The major components of the paraflagellar rod of Trypanosoma brucei are two similar, but distinct proteins which are encoded by two different gene loci. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)61968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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9
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Sevaljević L, Petrović M, Bogojević D. Inflammation of the dam has different effects on the binding of maternal and fetal rat liver nucleoproteins to the rat haptoglobin gene promoter. EXPERIENTIA 1994; 50:947-52. [PMID: 7957771 DOI: 10.1007/bf01923485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation of binding interactions between nucleoproteins and the hormone response element (RE) of the rat haptoglobin (Hp) gene was investigated in adult and fetal livers of rats exposed to inflammation on day 19 of pregnancy. Nuclear extracts from the embryonal liver displayed a barely detectable binding-affinity for hormone RE, but in extracts from the adult liver it was noticeable. The acute phase reaction of the mother promoted an increase of Hp gene expression in both adult and fetal livers, relying on stage-specific changes in hormone RE binding activities of nucleoplasmic proteins. The results indicated that the elevation of Hp gene expression in fetal liver to the steady basal level found in adults required the induction of new trans-acting proteins, whereas an overexpression of this gene in adult acute phase liver relied essentially on an increase in the binding-affinity of the preexisting hormone RE binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sevaljević
- Institute for Biological Research, Belgrade, Yugoslavia
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Lee PC, Kratz B, Kim O, Moshier J, Lin CH. Expression of the amylase gene in the rat exocrine pancreas during postnatal development: effect of dexamethasone. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1990; 1049:244-8. [PMID: 1696504 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(90)90093-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic amylase enzyme activity starts to increase rapidly around weaning (17-21 days) and reaches the adult level during postnatal development in the rat. To see whether the maturation of amylase involves changes in amylase gene expression, total pancreatic RNA was prepared from rats of various ages (term-fetus, 5, 10, 15, 20, 28 days and adult). Northern blots of these RNAs were probed with amylase cDNA. Levels of amylase mRNA peaked around 10 days i.e., about 1 week prior to peak amylase enzyme activity. The role of glucocorticoid in pancreatic amylase development was studied by giving rat pups at ages 5, 10 and 30 days a single injection (i.p.) of dexamethasone (DX). They and their littermates (controls) were killed 24 and 48 h after the injection. Increases in amylase mRNA levels were seen in the DX treated 5- and 10-day-old groups with corresponding increases in amylase enzyme activities. A slight decrease in amylase mRNA level was, however, observed in the DX treated 30-day-old pups which also had a slight decrease in amylase enzyme activity suggesting an age dependent differential responsiveness to DX. A time sequence study with 10-day-old pups killed after a single injection of DX at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h showed a rapid increase in mRNA levels which peaked around 12 h. Amylase enzyme activity, however, did not peak until 24 h after DX injection. These results suggest that pancreatic amylase is regulated at the level of gene expression in both normal- and DX-induced maturation. Regulation appears to occur at the transcription level as both increases to amylase activity and mRNA were blocked by actinomycin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226
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11
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Kidson SH, De Haan JB. Effect of thymidine analogs on tyrosinase activity and mRNA accumulation in mouse melanoma cells. Exp Cell Res 1990; 188:36-41. [PMID: 2139417 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(90)90274-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The thymidine analog 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) has been found to inhibit terminal differentiation of a variety of cell types without significantly affecting the growth of these cells. We have compared the effect of BrdU with two other thymidine analogs, 5-iododeoxyuridine and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, on the growth, tyrosinase activity, and tyrosinase-mRNA accumulation in BL-6 mouse melanoma cells. We show that all three analogs inhibit growth and tyrosinase activity, but only BrdU significantly inhibits the accumulation of tyrosinase mRNA. We consider these results in the light of current understanding of BrdU action.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kidson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Medical School, Observatory, South Africa
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12
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Logsdon CD. Long‐Term Regulation of Pancreatic Function Studied in Vitro. Compr Physiol 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.cp060326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Takeshima H, Namiki M, Inokoshi J, Lee T, Abe A, Suzuki Y, Omura S. Stable expression of hepatitis B virus genome in a primate kidney cell. Arch Virol 1989; 109:35-49. [PMID: 2610596 DOI: 10.1007/bf01310516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transfection of Vero cells with cloned hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA resulted in the secretion of hepatitis B surface protein (HBsAg) and core proteins (HBc/eAg). Syntheses of both viral antigens in the transformed Vero cells continued for at least 50 days after cultivation. HBsAg particles were composed of many spherical and some filamentous particles containing both pre-S1 and pre-S2 domains. Restriction analysis of the transfected cellular DNA showed that one copy of HBV DNA was integrated in the cells. Some species of HBV-specific RNA were detected by Northern blot, and among these a major transcript was found to migrate at 2.1 kb by S1-mapping analysis. Viral core proteins present in the culture medium were fractionated and characterized by cesium chloride gradient and found to form particles.
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15
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Kueng V, Schlaeppi K, Schneider A, Seebeck T. A Glycosomal Protein (p60) Which Is Predominantly Expressed in Procyclic Trypanosoma brucei. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)83719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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16
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Vogel M, Gottstein B, Müller N, Seebeck T. Production of a recombinant antigen of Echinococcus multilocularis with high immunodiagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1988; 31:117-25. [PMID: 3185617 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(88)90162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA library derived from mRNA of metacestodes from Echinococcus multilocularis was constructed in the Escherichia coli expression vector lambda gt11 and screened with human patients' sera. The recombinant proteins of 11 positive phages were further evaluated for their potential as immunodiagnostic reagent. One isolated clone (from lysogen II/3) synthesized a fusion protein which was rapidly degraded. This intracellular degradation process provided two distinct polypeptides with Mr of about 31,000 and 33,000, both showing strong binding activity with specific patients' antibodies. The diagnostic value of the II/3-antigen was evaluated by mini-Western-blot with sera from 41 patients infected with E. multilocularis and sera from 77 patients with other helminthic infections, resulting in a diagnostic sensitivity of 98% and an over-all specificity of 96%. These results suggest the usefulness of the recombinant II/3-antigen for immunodiagnosis of human alveolar echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vogel
- Institute of General Microbiology, University of Berne, Switzerland
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17
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Boado R, Chopra IJ, Huang TS, Chin WW, Wettstein FO. A study of pituitary thyrotropin, its subunits, and messenger ribonucleic acids in nonthyroidal illness. Metabolism 1988; 37:395-9. [PMID: 3357421 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(88)90142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied serum TSH, pituitary TSH and alpha and beta-subunits of TSH and their messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) in three models of nonthyroidal illness (NTI) in the rat, ie diabetes mellitus (1 wk after 65 micrograms streptozotocin/g BW IP), turpentine oil-injection (8 to 48 hours after after a dose of 5 microliter/g bw SC), and complete fasting for 72 hours. Euthyroid, hypothyroid (two months after thyroidectomy) and hyperthyroid rats (30 micrograms T4/d X 7, SC) were also studied for comparison. Pituitary TSH, alpha and beta subunits and serum TSH, T4, and T3 were measured by RIA. Pituitary mRNAs coding for common delta and TSH-beta subunits were determined by cytoplasmic dot hybridization technique using specific [32P]-cDNA probes. In all NTI models there were significant decreases in serum levels of TSH, T4, and T3, but no significant changes were observed in the pituitary content of TSH, and alpha and TSH-beta subunits. Hypothyroid rats had an increase in serum TSH, pituitary TSH, and pituitary TSH-beta subunit and a decrease in pituitary alpha subunit. On the other hand, hyperthyroid rats showed a decrease in serum TSH, pituitary TSH, and pituitary TSH-beta subunit, while there was no change in the alpha subunit. A significant reduction in the pituitary TSH-beta mRNA levels was observed in all NTI models and hyperthyroidism, while TSH-beta mRNA was increased in thyroidectomized rats. alpha-mRNA was increased only in the pituitary of hypothyroid rats; there was no appreciable change in the pituitary alpha-mRNA in the various other pituitary groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R Boado
- Department of Medicine, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences 90024
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Lechner MC, Sinogas C, Osório-Almeida ML, Freire MT, Chaumet-Riffaud P, Frain M, Sala-Trepat JM. Phenobarbital-mediated modulation of gene expression in rat liver. Analysis of cDNA clones. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 163:231-8. [PMID: 3816806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb10792.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenobarbital evokes a pleiotypic response in the liver characterized by cell hypertrophy and mono-oxygenase induction. These phenomena arise through complex modulation mechanisms changing the pattern of protein synthesis, distinct from those triggered by other well known inducers, like steroid hormones or polycyclic hydrocarbons. To investigate the mechanisms involved in regulating the expression of the phenobarbital-inducible tissue-specific genes, we constructed two libraries of recombinant bacterial plasmids pBR322 in Escherichia coli. Each library contains cDNA copies of polysomal poly(A)-rich RNA obtained from control and 16-h phenobarbital-induced rat liver. A thousand cloned sequences from each library were screened by double-cross colony hybridization using [32P]cDNA prepared from homologous and heterologous poly(A)-rich RNAs as the probes. The statistical analysis of the results revealed that phenobarbital treatment significantly changes the relative abundance of different polysomal mRNA classes in rat liver. Clones corresponding to mRNAs clearly induced following phenobarbital treatment have been further selected by plasmid DNA dot hybridization, and used as probes for measuring the changes in each mRNA concentration in the whole cell and in the polysomal RNAs from rat livers, at different times after phenobarbital treatment. The fact that changes in the concentration of each specific mRNA in the polysomes does not parallel the variation of its total concentration in the cell indicates that the induced modulation of protein synthesis in the liver is brought about by mechanisms involving both transcriptional and translational regulation, since besides the increases in whole cellular mRNA concentration a marked mobilization of mRNA into active polysomes could be demonstrated during the onset of the adaptive response to phenobarbital.
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Abstract
The tubulin genes of Trypanosoma brucei are located in a single, tightly packed cluster of ten tandemly arranged alternating alpha and beta-genes. No tubulin genes are detected outside the clustered array. Therefore, the cluster can be assumed to be the locus of tubulin gene expression. Single bands of alpha and beta-tubulin mRNAs are observed in cultured procyclic as well as in bloodstream trypanosomes. Both alpha and beta-tubulin mRNAs have distinct 5' termini, which carry a 35-nucleotide mini-exon sequence. The 3' termini of both mRNA populations are heterogeneous.
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Osorio-Almeida ML, Sinogas C, Ludovice M, Lechner MC. Induction of alpha 2u globulin mRNA by phenobarbital in rat liver: characterization of a cDNA clone. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1986; 134:1182-9. [PMID: 2418834 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(86)90375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A clone has been selected from a cDNA library previously constructed from phenobarbital pre-treated rat liver polysomal poly(A)+ RNA, which was reverse transcribed. The double-stranded cDNA was inserted by GC homopolymeric tailing in the Pst I site of pAT 153, and further cloned in E. coli HB101. This clone, called 2A9, corresponds to a mRNA whose concentration is increased five fold 16 h after phenobarbital treatment. Its length is 1200 nucleotides as revealed by RNA dot and Northern blot analysis respectively. The two strands of a 450 bp fragment from the 2A9 580 bp double-stranded cDNA insert have been sequenced and proven to correspond to alpha 2u globulin mRNA. It shows one single bp difference from the sequence previously published by Unterman et al. (1981, PNAS, 78, 3478). Thus, alpha 2u globulin, a hormone regulated gene product, is inducible by phenobarbital.
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21
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Singer PA, Trevor K, Oshima RG. Molecular cloning and characterization of the Endo B cytokeratin expressed in preimplantation mouse embryos. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)36125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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23
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Kamine J, Bakker A, Desrosiers RC. Mapping of RNA transcribed from a region of the Herpesvirus saimiri genome required for oncogenicity. J Virol 1984; 52:532-40. [PMID: 6092674 PMCID: PMC254555 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.52.2.532-540.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A region of the Herpesvirus saimiri genome that is not essential for replication of the virus has recently been shown to be required for its oncogenicity in New World primates. We have examined the RNAs derived from this region of the genome in permissively infected cells. Two polyadenylated RNAs, of 4.9 and 2.3 kilobases, were the major species coded for by this region of the genome. These two RNAs, as well as a much less abundant RNA of 6.5 kilobases, were specifically altered in two different nononcogenic deletion mutants of H. saimiri. The 4.9- and 2.3-kilobase RNAs were mapped by S1 nuclease and exonuclease VII digestion of DNA-RNA hybrids. The transcripts were found to be spliced, overlapping, and transcribed from right to left on the genetic map, with their 3' termini each ca. 150 base pairs from the left border between the unique and repetitive DNA regions. These RNAs were not detected at immediate early times after infection. The possible role of these RNAs in the origin of the malignant T-cell lymphoma caused by this virus is discussed.
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Lewis EJ, Tank AW, Weiner N, Chikaraishi DM. Regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA by glucocorticoid and cyclic AMP in a rat pheochromocytoma cell line. Isolation of a cDNA clone for tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)43909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Van Nest G, Raman RK, Rutter WJ. Effects of dexamethasone and 5-bromodeoxyuridine on protein synthesis and secretion during in vitro pancreatic development. Dev Biol 1983; 98:295-303. [PMID: 6192025 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(83)90360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein synthesis and secretion during in vitro pancreatic development and after treatment with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone and the thymidine analog 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was monitored using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. At 14 days gestation, the synthesis of more than 200 proteins and the secretion of a complex set of proteins was detected. The relative rate of synthesis and secretion of the majority of this set of proteins decreased dramatically during development; after 6 days of culture most were no longer detected. In contrast, the synthesis and secretion of pancreas-specific exocrine proteins amylase, a Sepharose binding protein (protein 2), and chymotrypsinogen first detected after one day in culture, increased throughout the 6-day culture period. Other pancreatic digestive (pro)enzymes normally found in the adult such as the basic form of chymotrypsinogen, lipase, ribonuclease, and trypsinogen were not detected during the culture period. Thus at least two distinct regulatory events are involved in the expression of the exocrine genes during development. Dexamethasone treatment during the 6-day culture period selectively increased the synthesis of amylase and several other minor secretory proteins. BrdU treatment caused major changes in the protein synthetic and secretory patterns of the pancreas as well as in morphogenesis. BrdU treated pancreases showed greatly reduced synthesis of amylase, protein 2, and chymotrypsinogen and prolonged synthesis of many proteins normally detected only at early stages of pancreatic development. BrdU treatment also stimulated the secretion of a set of proteins ostensibly associated with duct cells. Thus, BrdU specifically alters the developmental program of the pancreas.
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Pelletier G, Dunnigan J. Effects of administration of glucocorticoids on pancreas and growth of dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 1983; 66:1329-36. [PMID: 6193154 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(83)81942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of reducing calf weaning age by accelerating development of the pancreas of dairy calves with hormone administration was studied. Hydrocortisone acetate or dexamethasone was injected at 3 or 17 days of age to determine their effects on the pancreas. Hydrocortisone acetate injections (50 mg/kg body weight) to 3-day-old calves increased within 4 days the pancreas weight, amylase and chymotrypsin activities, and proteins, ribonucleic acid, and deoxyribonucleic acid contents. However, the glucocorticoid injection had no effect on activities of digestive enzymes of the 21-day-old calves. The pancreas hypertrophied in the 7-day-old calves following hormonal treatment. In the 21-day-old calves administration of glucocorticoids brought about hyperplasia of the pancreas but no hypertrophy of the tissue. This response of the pancreas to injections of glucocorticoids in the 7-day-old calves was interpreted as an acceleration of normal development of the tissue. Hydrocortisone acetate injection to 3-day-old calves had no effect on feed consumption but had a small depressive effect on growth of calves at 14 and 21 days of age.
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Crerar MM, Swain WF, Pictet RL, Nikovits W, Rutter WJ. Isolation and characterization of a rat amylase gene family. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)33195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Tabor JM, Oshima RG. Identification of mRNA species that code for extra-embryonic endodermal cytoskeletal proteins in differentiated derivatives of murine embryonal carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)34196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Dagorn JC, Lahaie RG. Dietary regulation of pancreatic protein synthesis. I. Rapid and specific modulation of enzyme synthesis by changes in dietary composition. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1981; 654:111-8. [PMID: 6168287 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(81)90142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Dietary adaptation of pancreatic protein synthesis and of pancreatic enzyme concentration, was studied over the first 24 h of exposure to a new diet. Rats were adapted to a carbohydrate-rich (G) or to a protein-rich diet (P) and were switched to the opposite regime after a 15 h fast. The evolution of the relative rate of synthesis of amylase, chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen and of the pancreatic concentration of amylase and chymotrypsinogen were followed. Fasting caused important modifications in the relative rate of synthesis of the three enzymes in rats adapted to a P diet. Adaptative changes in the relative rate of synthesis of amylase, chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen were seen within 2 h after the beginning of refeeding. These changes were followed by corresponding adaptative modifications in pancreatic contents 4 h after the beginning of refeeding. After 24 h of refeeding, significant adaptative changes had occurred in both the relative rates of synthesis and in enzyme concentrations. Thus exocrine pancreatic protein synthesis can be modulated as early as 2 h after refeeding and this modulation is followed by adaptative changes in pancreatic enzyme content.
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Snead ML, Schwartz SA. Effect of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on extracellular matrix during odontogenesis in vitro. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. B, CELL PATHOLOGY INCLUDING MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY 1980; 33:35-46. [PMID: 6162269 DOI: 10.1007/bf02899169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Lough J. Muscle specific traits display differential sensitivity to 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine. CELL DIFFERENTIATION 1980; 9:247-260. [PMID: 7438210 DOI: 10.1016/0045-6039(80)90024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Schibler U, Tosi M, Pittet AC, Fabiani L, Wellauer PK. Tissue-specific expression of mouse alpha-amylase genes. J Mol Biol 1980; 142:93-116. [PMID: 6159478 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Lechner MC, Freire MT, Groner B. In vitro biosynthesis of liver cytochrome P450 mature peptide sub-unit by translation of isolated poly(A)+ mRNA from normal and phenobarbital induced rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1979; 90:531-6. [PMID: 508320 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(79)91268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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