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Gadre M, Kasturi M, Agarwal P, Vasanthan KS. Decellularization and Their Significance for Tissue Regeneration in the Era of 3D Bioprinting. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:7375-7392. [PMID: 38405516 PMCID: PMC10883024 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional bioprinting is an emerging technology that has high potential application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Increasing advancement and improvement in the decellularization process have led to an increase in the demand for using a decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) to fabricate tissue engineered products. Decellularization is the process of retaining the extracellular matrix (ECM) while the cellular components are completely removed to harvest the ECM for the regeneration of various tissues and across different sources. Post decellularization of tissues and organs, they act as natural biomaterials to provide the biochemical and structural support to establish cell communication. Selection of an effective method for decellularization is crucial, and various factors like tissue density, geometric organization, and ECM composition affect the regenerative potential which has an impact on the end product. The dECM is a versatile material which is added as an important ingredient to formulate the bioink component for constructing tissue and organs for various significant studies. Bioink consisting of dECM from various sources is used to generate tissue-specific bioink that is unique and to mimic different biometric microenvironments. At present, there are many different techniques applied for decellularization, and the process is not standardized and regulated due to broad application. This review aims to provide an overview of different decellularization procedures, and we also emphasize the different dECM-derived bioinks present in the current global market and the major clinical outcomes. We have also highlighted an overview of benefits and limitations of different decellularization methods and various characteristic validations of decellularization and dECM-derived bioinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrunmayi Gadre
- Manipal
Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal
Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Meghana Kasturi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Michigan, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, United States
| | - Prachi Agarwal
- Manipal
Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal
Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kirthanashri S. Vasanthan
- Manipal
Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal
Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
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2
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Carney KR, Khan AM, Stam S, Samson SC, Mittal N, Han SJ, Bidone TC, Mendoza MC. Nascent adhesions shorten the period of lamellipodium protrusion through the Brownian ratchet mechanism. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar115. [PMID: 37672339 PMCID: PMC10846621 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-08-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Directional cell migration is driven by the conversion of oscillating edge motion into lasting periods of leading edge protrusion. Actin polymerization against the membrane and adhesions control edge motion, but the exact mechanisms that determine protrusion period remain elusive. We addressed this by developing a computational model in which polymerization of actin filaments against a deformable membrane and variable adhesion dynamics support edge motion. Consistent with previous reports, our model showed that actin polymerization and adhesion lifetime power protrusion velocity. However, increasing adhesion lifetime decreased the protrusion period. Measurements of adhesion lifetime and edge motion in migrating cells confirmed that adhesion lifetime is associated with and promotes protrusion velocity, but decreased duration. Our model showed that adhesions' control of protrusion persistence originates from the Brownian ratchet mechanism for actin filament polymerization. With longer adhesion lifetime or increased-adhesion density, the proportion of actin filaments tethered to the substrate increased, maintaining filaments against the cell membrane. The reduced filament-membrane distance generated pushing force for high edge velocity, but limited further polymerization needed for protrusion duration. We propose a mechanism for cell edge protrusion in which adhesion strength regulates actin filament polymerization to control the periods of leading edge protrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith R. Carney
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Akib M. Khan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Samantha Stam
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Shiela C. Samson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Nikhil Mittal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Sangyoon J. Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Tamara C. Bidone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Michelle C. Mendoza
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
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3
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Takada YK, Shimoda M, Takada Y. CD40L Activates Platelet Integrin αIIbβ3 by Binding to the Allosteric Site (Site 2) in a KGD-Independent Manner and HIGM1 Mutations Are Clustered in the Integrin-Binding Sites of CD40L. Cells 2023; 12:1977. [PMID: 37566056 PMCID: PMC10416995 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CD40L is expressed in activated T cells, and it plays a major role in immune response and is a major therapeutic target for inflammation. High IgM syndrome type 1 (HIGM1) is a congenital functional defect in CD40L/CD40 signaling due to defective CD40L. CD40L is also stored in platelet granules and transported to the surface upon platelet activation. Platelet integrin αIIbβ3 is known to bind to fibrinogen and activation of αIIbβ3 is a key event that triggers platelet aggregation. Also, the KGD motif is critical for αIIbβ3 binding and the interaction stabilizes thrombus. Previous studies showed that CD40L binds to and activates integrins αvβ3 and α5β1 and that HIGM1 mutations are clustered in the integrin-binding sites. However, the specifics of CD40L binding to αIIbβ3 were unclear. Here, we show that CD40L binds to αIIbβ3 in a KGD-independent manner using CD40L that lacks the KGD motif. Two HIGM1 mutants, S128E/E129G and L155P, reduced the binding of CD40L to the classical ligand-binding site (site 1) of αIIbβ3, indicating that αIIbβ3 binds to the outer surface of CD40L trimer. Also, CD40L bound to the allosteric site (site 2) of αIIbβ3 and allosterically activated αIIbβ3 without inside-out signaling. Two HIMG1 mutants, K143T and G144E, on the surface of trimeric CD40L suppressed CD40L-induced αIIbβ3 activation. These findings suggest that CD40L binds to αIIbβ3 in a manner different from that of αvβ3 and α5β1 and induces αIIbβ3 activation. HIGM1 mutations are clustered in αIIbβ3 binding sites in CD40L and are predicted to suppress thrombus formation and immune responses through αIIbβ3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko K. Takada
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (M.S.)
| | - Michiko Shimoda
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (M.S.)
| | - Yoshikazu Takada
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (M.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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4
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Kumar S, Stainer A, Dubrulle J, Simpkins C, Cooper JA. Cas phosphorylation regulates focal adhesion assembly. eLife 2023; 12:e90234. [PMID: 37489578 PMCID: PMC10435235 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell attachment rapidly induces tyrosine kinase signaling. Despite years of research, the role of this signaling in integrin activation and focal adhesion assembly is unclear. We provide evidence that the Src-family kinase (SFK) substrate Cas (Crk-associated substrate, p130Cas, BCAR1) is phosphorylated and associated with its Crk/CrkL effectors in clusters that are precursors of focal adhesions. The initial phospho-Cas clusters contain integrin β1 in its inactive, bent closed, conformation. Later, phospho-Cas and total Cas levels decrease as integrin β1 is activated and core focal adhesion proteins including vinculin, talin, kindlin, and paxillin are recruited. Cas is required for cell spreading and focal adhesion assembly in epithelial and fibroblast cells on collagen and fibronectin. Cas cluster formation requires Cas, Crk/CrkL, SFKs, and Rac1 but not vinculin. Rac1 provides positive feedback onto Cas through reactive oxygen, opposed by negative feedback from the ubiquitin proteasome system. The results suggest a two-step model for focal adhesion assembly in which clusters of phospho-Cas, effectors and inactive integrin β1 grow through positive feedback prior to integrin activation and recruitment of core focal adhesion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Kumar
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
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5
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Li K, Liu S, Li J, Yi D, Shao D, Hu T, Zheng X. Manganese supplementation of orthopedic implants: a new strategy for enhancing integrin-mediated cellular responses. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:3893-3905. [PMID: 37083965 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm02165j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Integrin-mediated osteoblast adhesion to adsorbed extracellular ligands on orthopedic implants is crucial for the subsequent osteoblast behaviors and ultimate osseointegration. Considerable research efforts have focused on the development of implant surfaces that promote the adsorption of extracellular ligands, but ignored the fact that integrin binding to ligands requires divalent cations (such as Mn2+). Here, three kinds of Mn-doped nanowire-structured TiO2 coatings with 1.9, 3.9, and 8.8 wt% dopant contents (Mn1-, Mn2-, and Mn3-TiO2) were synthesized on Ti implants to enhance integrin-mediated osteoblastic responses. The Mg-doped and undoped TiO2 nanocoatings served as the control. Mn element was not only successfully incorporated into the TiO2 matrix, but also formed an oxygen-deficient Mn oxide on the nanowire surface. Although the adsorbed fibronectin (Fn) amount on Mn-doped nanocoatings and its unfolded status were slightly attenuated with increasing Mn amount, the interaction between the coating extract and Fn demonstrated a Mn2+-induced unfolding of Fn with the exposure of the RGD motif. Compared to the Mn1-, Mn2- and Mg-doped TiO2 nanocoatings, the Mn3-TiO2 nanocoating significantly upregulated the expression of integrin α5β1 probably through increasing the ligand-binding affinity of the integrin rather than integrin binding sites in Fn. Consistent with the activation trend of integrin α5β1, the Mn3-TiO2 nanocoating enhanced cell adhesion with the long stretched structure of actin fibers and extensive formation of vinculin focal adhesion spots and upregulated the levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin activities. Therefore, Mn supplementation of orthopedic implants may be a promising way to improve osteogenesis at the implant surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jieping Li
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Deliang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dandan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuebin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Takada YK, Fujita M, Takada Y. Pro-Inflammatory Chemokines CCL5, CXCL12, and CX3CL1 Bind to and Activate Platelet Integrin αIIbβ3 in an Allosteric Manner. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193059. [PMID: 36231020 PMCID: PMC9563052 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of platelet integrin αIIbβ3, a key event for hemostasis and thrombus formation, is known to be mediated exclusively by inside-out signaling. We showed that inflammatory chemokines CX3CL1 and CXCL12 in previous studies, and CCL5 in this study, bound to the allosteric binding site (site 2) of vascular integrin αvβ3, in addition to the classical ligand binding site (site 1), and allosterically activated integrins independent of inside-out signaling. Since αIIbβ3 is exposed to inflammatory chemokines at increased concentrations during inflammation (e.g., cytokine/chemokine storm) and platelet activation, we hypothesized that these chemokines bind to and activate αIIbβ3 in an allosteric activation mechanism. We found that these chemokines bound to αIIbβ3. Notably, they activated soluble αIIbβ3 in 1 mM Ca2+ by binding to site 2. They activated cell-surface αIIbβ3 on CHO cells, which lack machinery for inside-out signaling or chemokine receptors, quickly (<1 min) and at low concentrations (1–10 ng/mL) compared to activation of soluble αIIbβ3, probably because chemokines bind to cell surface proteoglycans. Furthermore, activation of αIIbβ3 by the chemokines was several times more potent than 1 mM Mn2+. We propose that CCL5 and CXCL12 (stored in platelet granules) may allosterically activate αIIbβ3 upon platelet activation and trigger platelet aggregation. Transmembrane CX3CL1 on activated endothelial cells may mediate platelet–endothelial interaction by binding to and activating αIIbβ3. Additionally, these chemokines in circulation over-produced during inflammation may trigger αIIbβ3 activation, which is a possible missing link between inflammation and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko K. Takada
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California–Davis, 4645 Second Ave., Research III Suite 3300, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Masaaki Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California–Davis, 4645 Second Ave., Research III Suite 3300, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yoshikazu Takada
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California–Davis, 4645 Second Ave., Research III Suite 3300, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Correspondence:
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7
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Benk LT, Benk AS, Lira RB, Cavalcanti-Adam EA, Dimova R, Lipowsky R, Geiger B, Spatz JP. Integrin α
IIb
β
3
Activation and Clustering in Minimal Synthetic Cells. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia T. Benk
- Department of Cellular Biophysics Max Planck Institute for Medical Research Jahnstr. 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Amelie S. Benk
- Department of Cellular Biophysics Max Planck Institute for Medical Research Jahnstr. 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Rafael B. Lira
- Theory & Bio-Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Faculty of Science and Engineering Molecular Biophysics Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Elisabetta Ada Cavalcanti-Adam
- Department of Cellular Biophysics Max Planck Institute for Medical Research Jahnstr. 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life Jahnstr. 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Theory & Bio-Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Reinhard Lipowsky
- Theory & Bio-Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life Jahnstr. 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Joachim P. Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics Max Planck Institute for Medical Research Jahnstr. 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life Jahnstr. 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering (IMSE) Heidelberg University 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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8
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Anderson JM, Li J, Springer TA. Regulation by metal ions and the ADMIDAS of integrin α5β1 conformational states and intrinsic affinities. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar56. [PMID: 35108026 PMCID: PMC9265148 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-11-0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of integrins by Mn2+ is a benchmark in the integrin field, but how Mn2+ works and whether it reproduces physiological activation is unknown. We show that Mn2+ and high Mg2+ concentrations compete with Ca2+ at the ADMIDAS and shift the conformational equilibrium toward the open state, but the shift is far from complete. Additionally, replacement of Mg2+ by Mn2+ at the MIDAS increases the intrinsic affinities of both the high-affinity open and low-affinity closed states of integrins, in agreement with stronger binding of Mn2+ than Mg2+ to oxygen atoms. Mutation of the ADMIDAS increases the affinity of closed states and decreases the affinity of the open state and thus reduces the difference in affinity between the open and closed states. An important biological function of the ADMIDAS may be to stabilize integrins in highly discrete states, so that when integrins support cell adhesion and migration, their high and low affinity correspond to discrete on and off states, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Anderson
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston MA 02115.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
| | - Jing Li
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston MA 02115.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
| | - Timothy A Springer
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston MA 02115.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
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9
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Ghelman J, Grewing L, Windener F, Albrecht S, Zarbock A, Kuhlmann T. SKAP2 as a new regulator of oligodendroglial migration and myelin sheath formation. Glia 2021; 69:2699-2716. [PMID: 34324225 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendroglial progenitor cells (OPCs) are highly proliferative and migratory cells, which differentiate into complex myelin forming and axon ensheathing mature oligodendrocytes during myelination. Recent studies indicate that the oligodendroglial cell population is heterogeneous on transcriptional and functional level depending on the location in the central nervous system. Here, we compared intrinsic properties of OPC from spinal cord and brain on functional and transcriptional level. Spinal cord OPC demonstrated increased migration as well as differentiation capacity. Moreover, transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of several genes between both OPC populations. In spinal cord OPC, we confirmed upregulation of SKAP2, a cytoplasmatic adaptor protein known for its implication in cytoskeletal remodeling and migration in other cell types. Recent findings suggest that actin dynamics determine not only oligodendroglial migration, but also differentiation: Whereas actin polymerization is important for process extension, actin destabilization and depolymerization is required for myelin sheath formation. Downregulation or complete lack of SKAP2 in OPC resulted in reduced migration and impaired morphological maturation in oligodendrocytes. In contrast, overexpression of SKAP2 as well as constitutively active SKAP2 increased OPC migration suggesting that SKAP2 function is dependent on activation by phosphorylation. Furthermore, lack of SKAP2 enhanced the positive effect on OPC migration after integrin activation suggesting that SKAP2 acts as modulator of integrin dependent migration. In summary, we demonstrate the presence of intrinsic differences between spinal cord and brain OPC and identified SKAP2 as a new regulator of oligodendroglial migration and sheath formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ghelman
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Laureen Grewing
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Farina Windener
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Albrecht
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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10
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Fong KP, Ahmed IA, Mravic M, Jo H, Kim OV, Litvinov RI, Weisel JW, DeGrado WF, Gai F, Bennett JS. Visualization of Platelet Integrins via Two-Photon Microscopy Using Anti-transmembrane Domain Peptides Containing a Blue Fluorescent Amino Acid. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1722-1730. [PMID: 34010565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescent reporters commonly used to visualize proteins can perturb both protein structure and function. Recently, we found that 4-cyanotryptophan (4CN-Trp), a blue fluorescent amino acid, is suitable for one-photon imaging applications. Here, we demonstrate its utility in two-photon fluorescence microscopy by using it to image integrins on cell surfaces. Specifically, we used solid-phase peptide synthesis to generate CHAMP peptides labeled with 4-cyanoindole (4CNI) at their N-termini to image integrins on cell surfaces. CHAMP (computed helical anti-membrane protein) peptides spontaneously insert into membrane bilayers to target integrin transmembrane domains and cause integrin activation. We found that 4CNI labeling did not perturb the ability of CHAMP peptides to insert into membranes, bind to integrins, or cause integrin activation. We then used two-photon fluorescence microscopy to image 4CNI-containing integrins on the surface of platelets. Compared to a 4CNI-labeled scrambled peptide that uniformly decorated cell surfaces, 4CNI-labeled CHAMP peptides were present in discrete blue foci. To confirm that these foci represented CN peptide-containing integrins, we co-stained platelets with integrin-specific fluorescent monoclonal antibodies and found that CN peptide and antibody fluorescence coincided. Because 4CNI can readily be biosynthetically incorporated into proteins with little if any effect on protein structure and function, it provides a facile way to directly monitor protein behavior and protein-protein interactions in cellular environments. In addition, these results clearly demonstrate that the two-photon excitation cross section of 4CN-Trp is sufficiently large to make it a useful two-photon fluorescence reporter for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen P Fong
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ismail A Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Marco Mravic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, United States
| | - Hyunil Jo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, United States
| | - Oleg V Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Rustem I Litvinov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - John W Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - William F DeGrado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, United States
| | - Feng Gai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Joel S Bennett
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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11
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Ludwig BS, Kessler H, Kossatz S, Reuning U. RGD-Binding Integrins Revisited: How Recently Discovered Functions and Novel Synthetic Ligands (Re-)Shape an Ever-Evolving Field. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071711. [PMID: 33916607 PMCID: PMC8038522 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Integrins, a superfamily of cell adhesion receptors, were extensively investigated as therapeutic targets over the last decades, motivated by their multiple functions, e.g., in cancer (progression, metastasis, angiogenesis), sepsis, fibrosis, and viral infections. Although integrin-targeting clinical trials, especially in cancer, did not meet the high expectations yet, integrins remain highly interesting therapeutic targets. In this article, we analyze the state-of-the-art knowledge on the roles of a subfamily of integrins, which require binding of the tripeptide motif Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) for cell adhesion and signal transduction, in cancer, in tumor-associated exosomes, in fibrosis and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, we outline the latest achievements in the design and development of synthetic ligands, which are highly selective and affine to single integrin subtypes, i.e., αvβ3, αvβ5, α5β1, αvβ6, αvβ8, and αvβ1. Lastly, we present the substantial progress in the field of nuclear and optical molecular imaging of integrins, including first-in-human and clinical studies. Abstract Integrins have been extensively investigated as therapeutic targets over the last decades, which has been inspired by their multiple functions in cancer progression, metastasis, and angiogenesis as well as a continuously expanding number of other diseases, e.g., sepsis, fibrosis, and viral infections, possibly also Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Although integrin-targeted (cancer) therapy trials did not meet the high expectations yet, integrins are still valid and promising targets due to their elevated expression and surface accessibility on diseased cells. Thus, for the future successful clinical translation of integrin-targeted compounds, revisited and innovative treatment strategies have to be explored based on accumulated knowledge of integrin biology. For this, refined approaches are demanded aiming at alternative and improved preclinical models, optimized selectivity and pharmacological properties of integrin ligands, as well as more sophisticated treatment protocols considering dose fine-tuning of compounds. Moreover, integrin ligands exert high accuracy in disease monitoring as diagnostic molecular imaging tools, enabling patient selection for individualized integrin-targeted therapy. The present review comprehensively analyzes the state-of-the-art knowledge on the roles of RGD-binding integrin subtypes in cancer and non-cancerous diseases and outlines the latest achievements in the design and development of synthetic ligands and their application in biomedical, translational, and molecular imaging approaches. Indeed, substantial progress has already been made, including advanced ligand designs, numerous elaborated pre-clinical and first-in-human studies, while the discovery of novel applications for integrin ligands remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice S. Ludwig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Horst Kessler
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (U.R.); Tel.: +49-89-4140-9134 (S.K.); +49-89-4140-7407 (U.R.)
| | - Ute Reuning
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (U.R.); Tel.: +49-89-4140-9134 (S.K.); +49-89-4140-7407 (U.R.)
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12
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Bouti P, Webbers SDS, Fagerholm SC, Alon R, Moser M, Matlung HL, Kuijpers TW. β2 Integrin Signaling Cascade in Neutrophils: More Than a Single Function. Front Immunol 2021; 11:619925. [PMID: 33679708 PMCID: PMC7930317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.619925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most prevalent leukocytes in the human body. They have a pivotal role in the innate immune response against invading bacterial and fungal pathogens, while recent emerging evidence also demonstrates their role in cancer progression and anti-tumor responses. The efficient execution of many neutrophil effector responses requires the presence of β2 integrins, in particular CD11a/CD18 or CD11b/CD18 heterodimers. Although extensively studied at the molecular level, the exact signaling cascades downstream of β2 integrins still remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, we focus mainly on inside-out and outside-in signaling of these two β2 integrin members expressed on neutrophils and describe differences between various neutrophil stimuli with respect to integrin activation, integrin ligand binding, and the pertinent differences between mouse and human studies. Last, we discuss how integrin signaling studies could be used to explore the therapeutic potential of targeting β2 integrins and the intracellular signaling cascade in neutrophils in several, among other, inflammatory conditions in which neutrophil activity should be dampened to mitigate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Bouti
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steven D S Webbers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanna C Fagerholm
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Markus Moser
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanke L Matlung
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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13
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Shen J, Chen B, Zhai X, Qiao W, Wu S, Liu X, Zhao Y, Ruan C, Pan H, Chu PK, Cheung KM, Yeung KW. Stepwise 3D-spatio-temporal magnesium cationic niche: Nanocomposite scaffold mediated microenvironment for modulating intramembranous ossification. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:503-519. [PMID: 32995676 PMCID: PMC7492774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The fate of cells and subsequent bone regeneration is highly correlated with temporospatial coordination of chemical, biological, or physical cues within a local tissue microenvironment. Deeper understanding of how mammalian cells react to local tissue microenvironment is paramount important when designing next generation of biomaterials for tissue engineering. This study aims to investigate that the regulation of magnesium cationic (Mg2+) tissue microenvironment is able to convince early-stage bone regeneration and its mechanism undergoes intramembranous ossification. It was discovered that moderate Mg2+ content niche (~4.11 mM) led to superior bone regeneration, while Mg2+-free and strong Mg2+ content (~16.44 mM) discouraged cell adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, thereby bone formation was rarely found. When magnesium ions diffused into free Mg zone from concentrated zone in late time point, new bone formation on free Mg zone became significant through intramembranous ossification. This study successfully demonstrates that magnesium cationic microenvironment serves as an effective biochemical cue and is able to modulate the process of bony tissue regeneration. The knowledge of how a Mg2+ cationic microenvironment intertwines with cells and subsequent bone formation gained from this study may provide a new insight to develop the next generation of tissue-repairing biomaterials. Regulation of Mg2+ concertation in tissue microenvironment can convince early-stage bone regeneration. Samples without and with strong Mg2+ microenvironments (16.44 mM) suppressed the osteogenic differentiation. When Mg2+ diffused into free Mg zone from concentrated zone over time, bone formation over free Mg zone becomes significant. Bone defect repair through intramembranous ossification was promoted by 3D-scaffold-created moderate Mg2+ microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyun Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Qiao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Cixi Center of Biomaterials Surface Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changshun Ruan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haobo Pan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Paul K. Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth M.C. Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kelvin W.K. Yeung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Regulation of cell adhesion: a collaborative effort of integrins, their ligands, cytoplasmic actors, and phosphorylation. Q Rev Biophys 2019; 52:e10. [PMID: 31709962 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583519000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are large heterodimeric type 1 membrane proteins expressed in all nucleated mammalian cells. Eighteen α-chains and eight β-chains can combine to form 24 different integrins. They are cell adhesion proteins, which bind to a large variety of cellular and extracellular ligands. Integrins are required for cell migration, hemostasis, translocation of cells out from the blood stream and further movement into tissues, but also for the immune response and tissue morphogenesis. Importantly, integrins are not usually active as such, but need activation to become adhesive. Integrins are activated by outside-in activation through integrin ligand binding, or by inside-out activation through intracellular signaling. An important question is how integrin activity is regulated, and this topic has recently drawn much attention. Changes in integrin affinity for ligand binding are due to allosteric structural alterations, but equally important are avidity changes due to integrin clustering in the plane of the plasma membrane. Recent studies have partially solved how integrin cell surface structures change during activation. The integrin cytoplasmic domains are relatively short, but by interacting with a variety of cytoplasmic proteins in a regulated manner, the integrins acquire a number of properties important not only for cell adhesion and movement, but also for cellular signaling. Recent work has shown that specific integrin phosphorylations play pivotal roles in the regulation of integrin activity. Our purpose in this review is to integrate the present knowledge to enable an understanding of how cell adhesion is dynamically regulated.
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15
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Differential Binding of Active and Inactive Integrin to Talin. Protein J 2018; 37:280-289. [PMID: 29785642 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-018-9776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bi-directional signaling of integrins plays an important role in platelet and leukocyte function. Talin plays a key role in integrin bi-directional signaling and its binding to integrin is highly regulated. The precise regulation of the recruitment and binding of talin to integrin is still being elucidated. In particular, the recruitment of talin to integrin is controlled by the RAP-1 and RIAM/lamellipodin signaling axis and the affinity between talin and integrin is regulated by the conformation or protease cleavage of talin. However, whether the binding between integrin and talin is also regulated by integrin conformation has not been thoroughly explored before. In this work, we used biochemical binding assays to study the potential role of integrin conformational changes in integrin-talin interactions. Constitutively active integrin αIIbb3 binds markedly stronger to talin than inactive αIIbb3. Inactive αIIbb3 markedly increases its binding to talin once activated, regardless of how αIIbb3 is activated. Further, the increased binding to talin is b3 tail dependent. Our results suggest that integrin conformation is another regulatory mechanism for integrin-talin interaction.
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16
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Abstract
Integrin activation is essential for creating functional transmembrane receptors capable of inducing downstream cellular effects such as cell migration, cell spreading, neurite outgrowth and axon regeneration. Integrins are bidirectional signalling molecules that mediate their effects by 'inside-out' and 'outside-in' signalling. This review will provide a detailed overview of integrin activation focusing on intracellular activation in neurons and discussing direct implications in the regulation of neurite outgrowth and axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghon Cheah
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK.
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Melissa R Andrews
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Bldg 85, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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17
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Abstract
The ability of adherent cells to sense changes in the mechanical properties of their extracellular environments is critical to numerous aspects of their physiology. It has been well documented that cell attachment and spreading are sensitive to substrate stiffness. Here, we demonstrate that this behavior is actually biphasic, with a transition that occurs around a Young's modulus of ∼7 kPa. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, contrary to established assumptions, this property is independent of myosin II activity. Rather, we find that cell spreading on soft substrates is inhibited due to reduced myosin-II independent nascent adhesion formation within the lamellipodium. Cells on soft substrates display normal leading-edge protrusion activity, but these protrusions are not stabilized due to impaired adhesion assembly. Enhancing integrin-ECM affinity through addition of Mn2+ recovers nascent adhesion assembly and cell spreading on soft substrates. Using a computational model to simulate nascent adhesion assembly, we find that biophysical properties of the integrin-ECM bond are optimized to stabilize interactions above a threshold matrix stiffness that is consistent with the experimental observations. Together, these results suggest that myosin II-independent forces in the lamellipodium are responsible for mechanosensation by regulating new adhesion assembly, which, in turn, directly controls cell spreading. This myosin II-independent mechanism of substrate stiffness sensing could potentially regulate a number of other stiffness-sensitive processes.
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18
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Magnesium-based bioceramics in orthopedic applications. Acta Biomater 2018; 66:23-43. [PMID: 29197578 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium ions are directly involved in numerous biological mechanisms; for example, they play an important part in the regulation of ion channels, DNA stabilization, enzyme activation and stimulation of cell growth and proliferation. This alkaline earth metal has gained great popularity in orthopedic applications in recent years. Magnesium-based bioceramics include a large group of magnesium containing compounds such as oxides, phosphates and silicates, that are involved in orthopedic applications like bone cements, bone scaffolds or implant coatings. This article aims to give a comprehensive review on different magnesium-based bioceramics, e.g. magnesium phosphates (MgO-P2O5), calcium magnesium phosphates (CaO-MgO-P2O5), and magnesium glasses (SiO2-MgO) with a strong focus on the chemistry and properties of magnesium phosphate containing cements as the main application form. In addition, the processing of magnesium phosphate minerals into macroporous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications by either using traditional porogens or by additive manufacturing approaches are reflected. Finally, the biological in vitro and in vivo properties of magnesium phosphates for bone regeneration are summarized, which show promising results regarding the application as bone replacement material, but still lack in terms of testing in large animal models, load-bearing application sites and clinical data. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Though bone substitutes from calcium phosphates have been investigated for a long time, a new trend is visible in the biomaterials sector: magnesium based bioceramics from magnesium phosphates and silicates due to the special biological significance of magnesium ions in enzymatic activation, cell growth and proliferation, etc. In contrast to pure magnesium implants, such formulations do not release hydrogen during degradation. As with calcium based bioceramics, magnesium based bioceramics are used for the development of diverse applications such as cements, macroporous scaffolds and coatings. From this perspective, we present a systematic overview on diverse kinds of magnesium based bioceramics, their processing regimes for different clinical purposes and their behavior both in vitro and in vivo.
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19
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Lei L, Huang M, Su L, Xie D, Mamuya FA, Ham O, Tsuji K, Păunescu TG, Yang B, Lu HAJ. Manganese promotes intracellular accumulation of AQP2 via modulating F-actin polymerization and reduces urinary concentration in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 314:F306-F316. [PMID: 29046300 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00391.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) is a water channel protein expressed in principal cells (PCs) of the kidney collecting ducts (CDs) and plays a critical role in mediating water reabsorption and urine concentration. AQP2 undergoes both regulated trafficking mediated by vasopressin (VP) and constitutive recycling, which is independent of VP. For both pathways, actin cytoskeletal dynamics is a key determinant of AQP2 trafficking. We report here that manganese chloride (MnCl2) is a novel and potent regulator of AQP2 trafficking in cultured cells and in the kidney. MnCl2 treatment promoted internalization and intracellular accumulation of AQP2. The effect of MnCl2 on the intracellular accumulation of AQP2 was associated with activation of RhoA and actin polymerization without modification of AQP2 phosphorylation. Although the level of total and phosphorylated AQP2 did not change, MnCl2 treatment impeded VP-induced phosphorylation of AQP2 at its serine-256, -264, and -269 residues and dephosphorylation at serine 261. In addition, MnCl2 significantly promoted F-actin polymerization along with downregulation of RhoA activity and prevented VP-induced membrane accumulation of AQP2. Finally, MnCl2 treatment in mice resulted in significant polyuria and reduced urinary concentration, likely due to intracellular relocation of AQP2 in the PCs of kidney CDs. More importantly, the reduced urinary concentration caused by MnCl2 treatment in animals was not corrected by VP. In summary, our study identified a novel effect of MnCl2 on AQP2 trafficking through modifying RhoA activity and actin polymerization and uncovered its potent impact on water diuresis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ming Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Limin Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dongping Xie
- Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fahmy A Mamuya
- Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Onju Ham
- Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenji Tsuji
- Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Teodor G Păunescu
- Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Baoxue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Hua A Jenny Lu
- Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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20
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Taleahmad S, Mirzaei M, Samadian A, Hassani SN, Haynes PA, Salekdeh GH, Baharvand H. Low Focal Adhesion Signaling Promotes Ground State Pluripotency of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:3585-3595. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department
of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department
of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
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21
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Hsiao CT, Cheng HW, Huang CM, Li HR, Ou MH, Huang JR, Khoo KH, Yu HW, Chen YQ, Wang YK, Chiou A, Kuo JC. Fibronectin in cell adhesion and migration via N-glycosylation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70653-70668. [PMID: 29050309 PMCID: PMC5642584 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Directed cell migration is an important step in effective wound healing and requires the dynamic control of the formation of cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Plasma fibronectin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein present in blood plasma that plays crucial roles in modulating cellular adhesion and migration and thereby helping to mediate all steps of wound healing. In order to seek safe sources of plasma fibronectin for its practical use in wound dressing, we isolated fibronectin from human (homo) and porcine plasma and demonstrated that both have a similar ability as a suitable substrate for the stimulation of cell adhesion and for directing cell migration. In addition, we also defined the N-glycosylation sites and N-glycans present on homo and porcine plasma fibronectin. These N-glycosylation modifications of the plasma fibronectin synergistically support the integrin-mediated signals to bring about mediating cellular adhesion and directed cell migration. This study not only determines the important function of N-glycans in both homo and porcine plasma fibronectin-mediated cell adhesion and directed cell migration, but also reveals the potential applications of porcine plasma fibronectin if it was applied as a material for clinical wound healing and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Te Hsiao
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ru Li
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsin Ou
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Rong Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Helen Wenshin Yu
- Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Quan Chen
- Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Kao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Arthur Chiou
- Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jean-Cheng Kuo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Proteomics Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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22
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Abstract
Fibrinogen and fibrin are essential for hemostasis and are major factors in thrombosis, wound healing, and several other biological functions and pathological conditions. The X-ray crystallographic structure of major parts of fibrin(ogen), together with computational reconstructions of missing portions and numerous biochemical and biophysical studies, have provided a wealth of data to interpret molecular mechanisms of fibrin formation, its organization, and properties. On cleavage of fibrinopeptides by thrombin, fibrinogen is converted to fibrin monomers, which interact via knobs exposed by fibrinopeptide removal in the central region, with holes always exposed at the ends of the molecules. The resulting half-staggered, double-stranded oligomers lengthen into protofibrils, which aggregate laterally to make fibers, which then branch to yield a three-dimensional network. Much is now known about the structural origins of clot mechanical properties, including changes in fiber orientation, stretching and buckling, and forced unfolding of molecular domains. Studies of congenital fibrinogen variants and post-translational modifications have increased our understanding of the structure and functions of fibrin(ogen). The fibrinolytic system, with the zymogen plasminogen binding to fibrin together with tissue-type plasminogen activator to promote activation to the active proteolytic enzyme, plasmin, results in digestion of fibrin at specific lysine residues. In spite of a great increase in our knowledge of all these interconnected processes, much about the molecular mechanisms of the biological functions of fibrin(ogen) remains unknown, including some basic aspects of clotting, fibrinolysis, and molecular origins of fibrin mechanical properties. Even less is known concerning more complex (patho)physiological implications of fibrinogen and fibrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Rustem I Litvinov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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23
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Taylor KA, Pugh N. The contribution of zinc to platelet behaviour during haemostasis and thrombosis. Metallomics 2016; 8:144-55. [PMID: 26727074 DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00251f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are the primary cellular determinants of haemostasis and pathological thrombus formation leading to myocardial infarction and stroke. Following vascular injury or atherosclerotic plaque rupture, platelets are recruited to sites of damage and undergo activation induced by a variety of soluble and/or insoluble agonists. Platelet activation is a multi-step process culminating in the formation of thrombi, which contribute to the haemostatic process. Zinc (Zn(2+)) is acknowledged as an important signalling molecule in a diverse range of cellular systems, however there is limited understanding of the influence of Zn(2+) on platelet behaviour during thrombus formation. This review evaluates the contributions of exogenous and intracellular Zn(2+) to platelet function and assesses the potential pathophysiological implications of Zn(2+) signalling. We also provide a speculative assessment of the mechanisms by which platelets could respond to changes in extracellular and intracellular Zn(2+) concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Taylor
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK.
| | - N Pugh
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK.
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24
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Joo E, Lombaert I, Yamada K. Hyperacetylation of Microtubules in Mesenchymal Cells Increases Cytokeratin 14-Positive Epithelial Progenitors in Developing Salivary Glands. J Dent Res 2016; 95:1518-1527. [PMID: 27542391 PMCID: PMC5119680 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516662450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells engage in bidirectional communication with their surroundings. This reciprocal dialogue between cells and their cellular microenvironments often governs the maintenance and differentiation of stem/progenitor cells. Here, the authors present evidence that in developing salivary gland explants, a single posttranslational change in microtubules in mesenchymal cells alters the mesenchymal microenvironment and promotes the maintenance and differentiation of a subset of epithelial progenitor cells that impairs branching morphogenesis. Specifically, the authors report that hyperacetylation of microtubules in mesenchymal cells increased cytokeratin 14-positive (K14+) progenitors and their differentiated progeny, myoepithelial cells, in epithelial basal and suprabasal layers in the distal endbud region of developing salivary glands. Mechanistically, this process engages the transforming growth factor β1 protein and Notch signaling pathways. This report establishes that a simple posttranslational change in the cytoskeletal system of mesenchyme dictates the maintenance and differentiation of adjacent epithelial progenitor cells to alter branching morphogenesis of the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.E. Joo
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - I.M.A. Lombaert
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K.M. Yamada
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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25
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Adhikari U, Rijal NP, Khanal S, Pai D, Sankar J, Bhattarai N. Magnesium incorporated chitosan based scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Bioact Mater 2016; 1:132-139. [PMID: 29744402 PMCID: PMC5883957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan based porous scaffolds are of great interest in biomedical applications especially in tissue engineering because of their excellent biocompatibility in vivo, controllable degradation rate and tailorable mechanical properties. This paper presents a study of the fabrication and characterization of bioactive scaffolds made of chitosan (CS), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and magnesium gluconate (MgG). Scaffolds were fabricated by subsequent freezing-induced phase separation and lyophilization of polyelectrolyte complexes of CS, CMC and MgG. The scaffolds possess uniform porosity with highly interconnected pores of 50–250 μm size range. Compressive strengths up to 400 kPa, and elastic moduli up to 5 MPa were obtained. The scaffolds were found to remain intact, retaining their original three-dimensional frameworks while testing in in-vitro conditions. These scaffolds exhibited no cytotoxicity to 3T3 fibroblast and osteoblast cells. These observations demonstrate the efficacy of this new approach to preparing scaffold materials suitable for tissue engineering applications. Chitosan-magnesium-based composite scaffolds successfully synthesized. Uniformly distributed 3D networks, stable in cell culture medium with pore size in the range of 50–250 μm obtained. Compressive strengths up to 400 kPa and elastic moduli up to 5 MPa obtained. No cytotoxicity observed with 3T3 fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udhab Adhikari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
- NSF ERC for Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Nava P. Rijal
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
- NSF ERC for Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Shalil Khanal
- Department of Energy and Environmental Systems, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
- NSF ERC for Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Devdas Pai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
- NSF ERC for Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Jagannathan Sankar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
- NSF ERC for Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Narayan Bhattarai
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
- NSF ERC for Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA.
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Bi H, Ming L, Cheng R, Luo H, Zhang Y, Jin Y. Liver extracellular matrix promotes BM-MSCs hepatic differentiation and reversal of liver fibrosis through activation of integrin pathway. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2685-2698. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanjing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Centre for Tissue Engineering; School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
- Research and Development Centre for Tissue Engineering; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Leiguo Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Centre for Tissue Engineering; School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
- Research and Development Centre for Tissue Engineering; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Ruiping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Centre for Tissue Engineering; School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
- Research and Development Centre for Tissue Engineering; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Hailang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Centre for Tissue Engineering; School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
- Research and Development Centre for Tissue Engineering; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Centre for Tissue Engineering; School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
- Research and Development Centre for Tissue Engineering; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Histology and Pathology; School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Centre for Tissue Engineering; School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
- Research and Development Centre for Tissue Engineering; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Histology and Pathology; School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
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27
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FAK, talin and PIPKIγ regulate endocytosed integrin activation to polarize focal adhesion assembly. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:491-503. [PMID: 27043085 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrin endocytic recycling is critical for cell migration, yet how recycled integrins assemble into new adhesions is unclear. By synchronizing endocytic disassembly of focal adhesions (FAs), we find that recycled integrins reassemble FAs coincident with their return to the cell surface and dependent on Rab5 and Rab11. Unexpectedly, endocytosed integrins remained in an active but unliganded state in endosomes. FAK and Src kinases co-localized with endocytosed integrin and were critical for FA reassembly by regulating integrin activation and recycling, respectively. FAK sustained the active integrin conformation by maintaining talin association with Rab11 endosomes in a type I phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPKIγ)-dependent manner. In migrating cells, endocytosed integrins reassembled FAs polarized towards the leading edge, and this polarization required FAK. These studies identify unanticipated roles for FA proteins in maintaining endocytosed integrin in an active conformation. We propose that the conformational memory of endocytosed integrin enhances polarized reassembly of FAs to enable directional cell migration.
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28
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Villa-Diaz LG, Kim JK, Laperle A, Palecek SP, Krebsbach PH. Inhibition of Focal Adhesion Kinase Signaling by Integrin α6β1 Supports Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Self-Renewal. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1753-64. [PMID: 26930028 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Self-renewal of human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)-known as pluripotent stem cells (PSC)-is influenced by culture conditions, including the substrate on which they are grown. However, details of the molecular mechanisms interconnecting the substrate and self-renewal of these cells remain unclear. We describe a signaling pathway in hPSCs linking self-renewal and expression of pluripotency transcription factors to integrin α6β1 and inactivation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Disruption of this pathway results in hPSC differentiation. In hPSCs, α6β1 is the dominant integrin and FAK is not phosphorylated at Y397, and thus, it is inactive. During differentiation, integrin α6 levels diminish and Y397 FAK is phosphorylated and activated. During reprogramming of fibroblasts into iPSCs, integrin α6 is upregulated and FAK is inactivated. Knockdown of integrin α6 and activation of β1 integrin lead to FAK phosphorylation and reduction of Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2, suggesting that integrin α6 functions in inactivation of integrin β1 and FAK signaling and prevention of hPSC differentiation. The N-terminal domain of FAK, where Y397 is localized, is in the nuclei of hPSCs interacting with Oct4 and Sox2, and this immunolocalization is regulated by Oct4. hPSCs remodel the extracellular microenvironment and deposit laminin α5, the primary ligand of integrin α6β1. Knockdown of laminin α5 resulted in reduction of integrin α6 expression, phosphorylation of FAK and decreased Oct4. In conclusion, hPSCs promote the expression of integrin α6β1, and nuclear localization and inactivation of FAK to supports stem cell self-renewal. Stem Cells 2016;34:1753-1764.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Villa-Diaz
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jin Koo Kim
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alex Laperle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul H Krebsbach
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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29
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Theodosiou M, Widmaier M, Böttcher RT, Rognoni E, Veelders M, Bharadwaj M, Lambacher A, Austen K, Müller DJ, Zent R, Fässler R. Kindlin-2 cooperates with talin to activate integrins and induces cell spreading by directly binding paxillin. eLife 2016; 5:e10130. [PMID: 26821125 PMCID: PMC4749545 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins require an activation step prior to ligand binding and signaling. How talin and kindlin contribute to these events in non-hematopoietic cells is poorly understood. Here we report that fibroblasts lacking either talin or kindlin failed to activate β1 integrins, adhere to fibronectin (FN) or maintain their integrins in a high affinity conformation induced by Mn(2+). Despite compromised integrin activation and adhesion, Mn(2+) enabled talin- but not kindlin-deficient cells to initiate spreading on FN. This isotropic spreading was induced by the ability of kindlin to directly bind paxillin, which in turn bound focal adhesion kinase (FAK) resulting in FAK activation and the formation of lamellipodia. Our findings show that talin and kindlin cooperatively activate integrins leading to FN binding and adhesion, and that kindlin subsequently assembles an essential signaling node at newly formed adhesion sites in a talin-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Theodosiou
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Moritz Widmaier
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ralph T Böttcher
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Emanuel Rognoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Maik Veelders
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mitasha Bharadwaj
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Armin Lambacher
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Katharina Austen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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30
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Tamir A, Sorrentino S, Motahedeh S, Shai E, Dubrovsky A, Dahan I, Eibauer M, Studt JD, Sapra KT, Varon D, Medalia O. The macromolecular architecture of platelet-derived microparticles. J Struct Biol 2016; 193:181-187. [PMID: 26767592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are essential for hemostasis and wound healing. They are involved in fundamental processes of vascular biology such as angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, and tumor metastasis. Upon activation, platelets shed small plasma membrane vesicles termed platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs). PMPs include functional cell adhesion machinery that comprises transmembrane receptors (most abundant are the αIIbβ3 integrins), cytoskeletal systems and a large variety of adapter and signaling molecules. Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a condition characterized by platelets that are deficient of the integrin αIIbβ3 heterodimer. Here, we use cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) to study the structural organization of PMPs (in both healthy and GT patients), especially the cytoskeleton organization and receptor architecture. PMPs purified from GT patients show a significantly altered cytoskeletal organization, characterized by a reduced number of filaments present, compared to the healthy control. Furthermore, our results show that incubating healthy PMPs with manganese ions (Mn(2+)), in the presence of fibrinogen, induces a major conformational change of integrin receptors, whereas thrombin activation yields a moderate response. These results provide the first insights into the native molecular organization of PMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Tamir
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Simona Sorrentino
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Motahedeh
- Coagulation Unit, Department of Hematology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ela Shai
- Coagulation Unit, Department of Hematology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anna Dubrovsky
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Idit Dahan
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Matthias Eibauer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan-Dirk Studt
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K Tanuj Sapra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Varon
- Coagulation Unit, Department of Hematology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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31
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Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans May Promote or Inhibit Cancer Progression by Interacting with Integrins and Affecting Cell Migration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:453801. [PMID: 26558271 PMCID: PMC4628971 DOI: 10.1155/2015/453801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The metastatic disease is one of the main consequences of tumor progression, being responsible for most cancer-related deaths worldwide. This review intends to present and discuss data on the relationship between integrins and heparan sulfate proteoglycans in health and cancer progression. Integrins are a family of cell surface transmembrane receptors, responsible for cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion. Integrins' main functions include cell adhesion, migration, and survival. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are cell surface molecules that play important roles as cell receptors, cofactors, and overall direct or indirect contributors to cell organization. Both molecules can act in conjunction to modulate cell behavior and affect malignancy. In this review, we will discuss the different contexts in which various integrins, such as α5, αV, β1, and β3, interact with HSPGs species, such as syndecans and perlecans, affecting tissue homeostasis.
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32
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Frohnmayer JP, Brüggemann D, Eberhard C, Neubauer S, Mollenhauer C, Boehm H, Kessler H, Geiger B, Spatz JP. Minimal synthetic cells to study integrin-mediated adhesion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12472-8. [PMID: 26257266 PMCID: PMC4675076 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To shed light on cell-adhesion-related molecular pathways, synthetic cells offer the unique advantage of a well-controlled model system with reduced molecular complexity. Herein, we show that liposomes with the reconstituted platelet integrin αIIb β3 as the adhesion-mediating transmembrane protein are a functional minimal cell model for studying cellular adhesion mechanisms in a defined environment. The interaction of these synthetic cells with various extracellular matrix proteins was analyzed using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. The data indicated that integrin was functionally incorporated into the lipid vesicles, thus enabling integrin-specific adhesion of the engineered liposomes to fibrinogen- and fibronectin-functionalized surfaces. Then, we were able to initiate the detachment of integrin liposomes from these surfaces in the presence of the peptide GRGDSP, a process that is even faster with our newly synthesized peptide mimetic SN529, which specifically inhibits the integrin αIIb β3 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes P Frohnmayer
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsHeisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of HeidelbergINF 253, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Dorothea Brüggemann
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsHeisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of HeidelbergINF 253, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Christian Eberhard
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsHeisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of HeidelbergINF 253, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Stefanie Neubauer
- Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department Chemie, Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching (Germany)
| | - Christine Mollenhauer
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsHeisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of HeidelbergINF 253, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany) E-mail:
- CSF Biomaterials and Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsHeisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)
| | - Heike Boehm
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsHeisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of HeidelbergINF 253, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany) E-mail:
- CSF Biomaterials and Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsHeisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department Chemie, Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching (Germany)
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- The Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Molecular Cell BiologyRehovot (Israel)
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsHeisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of HeidelbergINF 253, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany) E-mail:
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Guided tissue regeneration in heart valve replacement: from preclinical research to first-in-human trials. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:432901. [PMID: 26495295 PMCID: PMC4606187 DOI: 10.1155/2015/432901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Heart valve tissue-guided regeneration aims to offer a functional and viable alternative to current prosthetic replacements. Not requiring previous cell seeding and conditioning in bioreactors, such exceptional tissue engineering approach is a very fascinating translational regenerative strategy. After in vivo implantation, decellularized heart valve scaffolds drive their same repopulation by recipient's cells for a prospective autologous-like tissue reconstruction, remodeling, and adaptation to the somatic growth of the patient. With such a viability, tissue-guided regenerated conduits can be delivered as off-the-shelf biodevices and possess all the potentialities for a long-lasting resolution of the dramatic inconvenience of heart valve diseases, both in children and in the elderly. A review on preclinical and clinical investigations of this therapeutic concept is provided with evaluation of the issues still to be well deliberated for an effective and safe in-human application.
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34
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Dai A, Ye F, Taylor DW, Hu G, Ginsberg MH, Taylor KA. The Structure of a Full-length Membrane-embedded Integrin Bound to a Physiological Ligand. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:27168-27175. [PMID: 26391523 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.682377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased ligand binding to integrin ("activation") underpins many biological processes, such as leukocyte trafficking, cell migration, host-pathogen interaction, and hemostasis. Integrins exist in several conformations, ranging from compact and bent to extended and open. However, the exact conformation of membrane-embedded, full-length integrin bound to its physiological macromolecular ligand is still unclear. Integrin αIIbβ3, the most abundant integrin in platelets, has been a prototype for integrin activation studies. Using negative stain electron microscopy and nanodisc-embedding to provide a membrane-like environment, we visualized the conformation of full-length αIIbβ3 in both a Mn(2+)-activated, ligand-free state and a Mn(2+)-activated, fibrin-bound state. Activated but ligand-free integrins exist mainly in the compact conformation, whereas fibrin-bound αIIbβ3 predominantly exists in a fully extended, headpiece open conformation. Our results show that membrane-embedded, full-length integrin adopts an extended and open conformation when bound to its physiological macromolecular ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aguang Dai
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4380 and
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0726
| | - Dianne W Taylor
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4380 and
| | - Guiqing Hu
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4380 and
| | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0726
| | - Kenneth A Taylor
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4380 and.
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35
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Gudzenko T, Franz CM. Studying early stages of fibronectin fibrillogenesis in living cells by atomic force microscopy. Mol Biol Cell 2015. [DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-05-1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) is an extracellular matrix protein that can be assembled by cells into large fibrillar networks, but the dynamics of FN remodeling and the transition through intermediate fibrillar stages are incompletely understood. Here we used a combination of fluorescence microscopy and time-lapse atomic force microscopy (AFM) to visualize initial stages of FN fibrillogenesis in living fibroblasts at high resolution. Initial FN nanofibrils form within <5 min of cell–matrix contact and subsequently extend at a rate of 0.25 μm/min at sites of cell membrane retraction. FN nanofibrils display a complex linear array of globular features spaced at varying distances, indicating the coexistence of different conformational states within the fibril. In some cases, initial fibrils extended in discrete increments of ∼800 nm during a series of cyclical membrane retractions, indicating a stepwise fibrillar extension mechanism. In presence of Mn2+, a known activator of integrin adhesion to FN, fibrillogenesis was accelerated almost threefold to 0.68 μm/min and fibrillar dimensions were increased, underlining the importance of integrin activation for early FN fibrillogenesis. FN fibrillogenesis visualized by time-lapse AFM thus provides new structural and mechanistic insight into initial steps of cell-driven FN fibrillogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Gudzenko
- DFG–Center for Functional Nanostructures, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Clemens M. Franz
- DFG–Center for Functional Nanostructures, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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36
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37
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Mrozik KM, Cheong CM, Hewett D, Chow AWS, Blaschuk OW, Zannettino ACW, Vandyke K. Therapeutic targeting of N-cadherin is an effective treatment for multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2015; 171:387-99. [PMID: 26194766 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Elevated expression of the cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin (cadherin 2, type 1, N-cadherin (neuronal); CDH2) is associated with poor prognosis in newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients. In this study, we investigated whether targeting of N-cadherin represents a potential treatment for the ~50% of MM patients with elevated N-cadherin. Initially, we stably knocked-down N-cadherin in the mouse MM plasma cell (PC) line 5TGM1 to assess the functional role of N-cadherin in MM pathogenesis. When compared with 5TGM1-scramble-shRNA cells, 5TGM1-Cdh2-shRNA cells had significantly reduced adhesion to bone marrow endothelial cells. However, N-cadherin knock-down did not affect 5TGM1 cell proliferation or adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells. In the C57BL/KaLwRij murine MM model, mice intravenously inoculated with 5TGM1-Cdh2-shRNA cells showed significantly decreased tumour burden after 4 weeks, compared with animals bearing 5TGM1-scramble-shRNA cells. Finally, the N-cadherin antagonist ADH-1 had no effect on tumour burden in the established disease setting, whereas up-front ADH-1 treatment resulted in significantly reduced tumour burden after 4 weeks. Our findings demonstrate that N-cadherin may play a key role in the extravasation of circulating MM PCs promoting bone marrow homing. Moreover, these studies suggest that N-cadherin may represent a viable therapeutic target to prevent the dissemination of MM PCs and delay MM disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M Mrozik
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chee Man Cheong
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Duncan Hewett
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Annie W S Chow
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Orest W Blaschuk
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Biology and Hanson Institute, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Stem Cell Research, Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kate Vandyke
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Biology and Hanson Institute, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Kläning E, Christensen B, Bajic G, Hoffmann SV, Jones NC, Callesen MM, Andersen GR, Sørensen ES, Vorup-Jensen T. Multiple low-affinity interactions support binding of human osteopontin to integrin αXβ2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:930-8. [PMID: 25839998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Integrin α(X)β(2) (also known as complement receptor 4, p150,95, or CD11c/CD18) is expressed in the cell membrane of myeloid leukocytes. α(X)β(2) has been reported to bind a large number of structurally unrelated ligands, often with a shared molecular character in the presence of polyanionic stretches in poorly folded proteins or glucosaminoglycans. Nevertheless, it is unclear what chemical sources of polyanionicity enable the binding by α(X)β(2). Osteopontin (OPN) is an intrinsically disordered protein, which facilitates phagocytosis via the integrin α(X)β(2). Unlike for other integrins, neither the RGD nor the SVVYGLR motifs account for this binding, and the molecular basis of OPN binding by α(X)β(2) remains uncharacterized. Here, we show that the monovalent interactions between the ligand-binding domain of α(X)β(2) and OPN, its fragments, or caseins are weak, with dissociation constants higher than 10(-5)M but with high apparent stoichiometries. From comparison with cell adhesion studies, the discrimination between α(X)β(2) ligands and non-ligands appears to rely on these apparent stoichiometries in a way, which involves glutamate rather than aspartate side chains. Surprisingly, the extensive, negatively charged phosphorylation of OPN is not contributing to α(X)β(2) binding. Furthermore, synchrotron radiation circular spectroscopy excludes that the phosphorylation affects the general folding of OPN. Taken together, our quantitative analyses reveal a mode of ligand recognition by integrin α(X)β(2), which seem to differ in principles considerably from other OPN receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kläning
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Genetics Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Dept. of Biomedicine, Denmark
| | - Brian Christensen
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Genetics Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Goran Bajic
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Genetics Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren V Hoffmann
- Institute for Storage Ring Facilities Aarhus (ISA), Dept. of Physics and Astronomy & Center for Storage Ring Facilities Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nykola C Jones
- Institute for Storage Ring Facilities Aarhus (ISA), Dept. of Physics and Astronomy & Center for Storage Ring Facilities Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten M Callesen
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Genetics Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers R Andersen
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Genetics Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben S Sørensen
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Genetics Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus Denmark
| | - Thomas Vorup-Jensen
- Dept. of Biomedicine, Denmark; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus Denmark; MEMBRANES Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Integrin mediated adhesion of osteoblasts to connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) induces cytoskeleton reorganization and cell differentiation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115325. [PMID: 25714841 PMCID: PMC4340870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-osteoblast adhesion and interaction with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins through integrin receptors result in activation of signaling pathways regulating osteoblast differentiation. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is a matricellular protein secreted into the ECM. Prior studies in various cell types have shown that cell adhesion to CTGF via integrin receptors results in activation of specific signaling pathways that regulate cell functions, such as differentiation and cytoskeletal reorganization. To date, there are no studies that have examined whether CTGF can serve as an adhesive substrate for osteoblasts. In this study, we used the MC3T3-E1 cell line to demonstrate that CTGF serves as an adhesive matrix for osteoblasts. Anti-integrin blocking experiments and co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that the integrin αvβ1 plays a key role in osteoblast adhesion to a CTGF matrix. Immunofluorescence staining of osteoblasts cultured on a CTGF matrix confirmed actin cytoskeletal reorganization, enhanced spreading, formation of focal adhesions, and activation of Rac1. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and activity assays, as well as Alizarin red staining demonstrated that osteoblast attachment to CTGF matrix enhanced maturation, bone nodule formation and matrix mineralization. To investigate whether the effect of CTGF on osteoblast differentiation involves integrin-mediated activation of specific signaling pathways, we performed Western blot, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and qPCR assays. Osteoblasts cultured on a CTGF matrix showed increased total and phosphorylated (activated) forms of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Inhibition of ERK blocked osteogenic differentiation in cells cultured on a CTGF matrix. There was an increase in runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) binding to the osteocalcin gene promoter, and in the expression of osteogenic markers regulated by Runx2. Collectively, the results of this study are the first to demonstrate CTGF serves as a suitable matrix protein, enhancing osteoblast adhesion (via αvβ1 integrin) and promoting cell spreading via cytoskeletal reorganization and Rac1 activation. Furthermore, integrin-mediated activation of ERK signaling resulted in increased osteoblast differentiation accompanied by an increase in Runx2 binding to the osteocalcin promoter and in the expression of osteogenic markers.
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Sima F, Davidson PM, Dentzer J, Gadiou R, Pauthe E, Gallet O, Mihailescu IN, Anselme K. Inorganic-organic thin implant coatings deposited by lasers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:911-920. [PMID: 25485841 DOI: 10.1021/am507153n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The lifetime of bone implants inside the human body is directly related to their osseointegration. Ideally, future materials should be inspired by human tissues and provide the material structure-function relationship from which synthetic advanced biomimetic materials capable of replacing, repairing, or regenerating human tissues can be produced. This work describes the development of biomimetic thin coatings on titanium implants to improve implant osseointegration. The assembly of an inorganic-organic biomimetic structure by UV laser pulses is reported. The structure consists of a hydroxyapatite (HA) film grown onto a titanium substrate by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) and activated by a top fibronectin (FN) coating deposited by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE). A pulsed KrF* laser source (λ = 248 nm, τ = 25 ns) was employed at fluences of 7 and 0.7J/cm(2) for HA and FN transfer, respectively. Films approximately 1500 and 450 nm thick were obtained for HA and FN, respectively. A new cryogenic temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometry analysis method was employed to accurately measure the quantity of immobilized protein. We determined that less than 7 μg FN per cm(2) HA surface is adequate to improve adhesion, spreading, and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells. We believe that the proposed fabrication method opens the door to combining and immobilizing two or more inorganic and organic materials on a solid substrate in a well-defined manner. The flexibility of this method enables the synthesis of new hybrid materials by simply tailoring the irradiation conditions according to the thermo-physical properties of the starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Sima
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics , 409 Atomistilor Street, Magurele, Ilfov, RO-77125, Romania
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A novel cryptic binding motif, LRSKSRSFQVSDEQY, in the C-terminal fragment of MMP-3/7-cleaved osteopontin as a novel ligand for α9β1 integrin is involved in the anti-type II collagen antibody-induced arthritis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116210. [PMID: 25545242 PMCID: PMC4278882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein that has been linked to various intractable inflammatory diseases. One way by which OPN induces inflammation is the production of various functional fragments by enzyme cleavage. It has been well appreciated that OPN is cleaved by thrombin, and/or matrix metalloproteinase-3 and -7 (MMP-3/7). Although the function of thrombin-cleaved OPN is well characterized, little is known about the function of MMP-3/7-cleaved OPN. In this study, we found a novel motif, LRSKSRSFQVSDEQY, in the C-terminal fragment of MMP-3/7-cleaved mouse OPN binds to α9β1 integrin. Importantly, this novel motif is involved in the development of anti-type II collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA). This study provides the first in vitro and in vivo evidence that OPN cleavage by MMP-3/7 is an important regulatory mechanism for CAIA.
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42
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Abstract
Integrin α5β1 binds to an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif in its ligand fibronectin. We report high-resolution crystal structures of a four-domain α5β1 headpiece fragment, alone or with RGD peptides soaked into crystals, and RGD peptide affinity measurements. The headpiece crystallizes in a closed conformation essentially identical to that seen previously for α5β1 complexed with a Fab that allosterically inhibits ligand binding by stabilizing the closed conformation. Soaking experiments show that binding of cyclic RGD peptide with 20-fold higher affinity than a linear RGD peptide induces conformational change in the β1-subunit βI domain to a state that is intermediate between closed (low affinity) and open (high affinity). In contrast, binding of a linear RGD peptide induces no shape shifting. However, linear peptide binding induces shape shifting when Ca(2+) is depleted during soaking. Ca(2+) bound to the adjacent to metal ion-dependent adhesion site (ADMIDAS), at the locus of shape shifting, moves and decreases in occupancy, correlating with an increase in affinity for RGD measured when Ca(2+) is depleted. The results directly demonstrate that Ca(2+) binding to the ADMIDAS stabilizes integrins in the low-affinity, closed conformation. Comparisons in affinity between four-domain and six-domain headpiece constructs suggest that flexible integrin leg domains contribute to conformational equilibria. High-resolution views of the hybrid domain interface with the plexin-semaphorin-integrin (PSI) domain in different orientations show a ball-and-socket joint with a hybrid domain Arg side chain that rocks in a PSI domain socket lined with carbonyl oxygens.
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43
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Marchesi S, Montani F, Deflorian G, D'Antuono R, Cuomo A, Bologna S, Mazzoccoli C, Bonaldi T, Di Fiore PP, Nicassio F. DEPDC1B coordinates de-adhesion events and cell-cycle progression at mitosis. Dev Cell 2014; 31:420-33. [PMID: 25458010 PMCID: PMC4250264 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cells entering mitosis become rounded, lose attachment to the substrate, and increase their cortical rigidity. Pivotal to these events is the dismantling of focal adhesions (FAs). How mitotic reshaping is linked to commitment to divide is unclear. Here, we show that DEPDC1B, a protein that accumulates in G2, coordinates de-adhesion events and cell-cycle progression at mitosis. DEPDC1B functions as an inhibitor of a RhoA-based signaling complex, which assembles on the FA-associated protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, F (PTPRF) and mediates the integrity of FAs. By competing with RhoA for the interaction with PTPRF, DEPDC1B promotes the dismantling of FAs, which is necessary for the morphological changes preceding mitosis. The circuitry is relevant in whole organisms, as shown by the control exerted by the DEPDC1B/RhoA/PTPRF axis on mitotic dynamics during zebrafish development. Our results uncover an adhesion-dependent signaling mechanism that coordinates adhesion events with the control of cell-cycle progression. DEPDC1B is a cell-cycle gene involved in the transition from G2 phase to mitosis Persistent adhesion at G2 phase delays CycB/CDK1 activation and G2/M transition DEPDC1B controls RhoA/ROCK-dependent adhesion dynamics at G2 phase DEPDC1B inhibits RhoA activation by displacing it from the PTPRF/GEF-H1 complex
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Marchesi
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), 20141 Milan, Italy; Fondazione IFOM-Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139 Milan, Italy; Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Deflorian
- Fondazione IFOM-Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Rocco D'Antuono
- Fondazione IFOM-Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Serena Bologna
- Fondazione IFOM-Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Carmela Mazzoccoli
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | | | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), 20141 Milan, Italy; Fondazione IFOM-Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139 Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesco Nicassio
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), 20141 Milan, Italy; Fondazione IFOM-Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139 Milan, Italy; Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy.
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Mitroulis I, Alexaki VI, Kourtzelis I, Ziogas A, Hajishengallis G, Chavakis T. Leukocyte integrins: role in leukocyte recruitment and as therapeutic targets in inflammatory disease. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 147:123-135. [PMID: 25448040 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infection or sterile inflammation triggers site-specific attraction of leukocytes. Leukocyte recruitment is a process comprising several steps orchestrated by adhesion molecules, chemokines, cytokines and endogenous regulatory molecules. Distinct adhesive interactions between endothelial cells and leukocytes and signaling mechanisms contribute to the temporal and spatial fine-tuning of the leukocyte adhesion cascade. Central players in the leukocyte adhesion cascade include the leukocyte adhesion receptors of the β2-integrin family, such as the αLβ2 and αMβ2 integrins, or of the β1-integrin family, such as the α4β1-integrin. Given the central involvement of leukocyte recruitment in different inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, the leukocyte adhesion cascade in general, and leukocyte integrins in particular, represent key therapeutic targets. In this context, the present review focuses on the role of leukocyte integrins in the leukocyte adhesion cascade. Experimental evidence that has implicated leukocyte integrins as targets in animal models of inflammatory disorders, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, psoriasis, inflammatory bone loss and inflammatory bowel disease as well as preclinical and clinical therapeutic applications of antibodies that target leukocyte integrins in various inflammatory disorders are presented. Finally, we review recent findings on endogenous inhibitors that modify leukocyte integrin function, which could emerge as promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Mitroulis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vasileia I Alexaki
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ioannis Kourtzelis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Athanassios Ziogas
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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45
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Krůšek J, Ďaďo S. Electrode-less measurement of cell layers impedance. Physiol Res 2014; 63:705-11. [PMID: 25157656 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is devoted to yet unpublished electrode-less methods (ELM) of cell layers impedance measurement based on transformer principle. The main advantage of ELM is elimination uncertainties caused by interface between electrodes and measured electrolyte. The method of avoiding distortion caused by non-ideal transformer transfer function ("deconvolution") and errors caused by residual voltage is described. The modification of original transformer based method allowing to measure an impedance of inserted object is proposed. Results of several calibration measurements confirming the proper function of ELM including example of transepithelial resistance of cells layer are presented. Crucial parts of measuring system and recommendation for their realization are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Krůšek
- Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic, Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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46
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Brüggemann D, Frohnmayer JP, Spatz JP. Model systems for studying cell adhesion and biomimetic actin networks. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:1193-202. [PMID: 25161853 PMCID: PMC4142981 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Many cellular processes, such as migration, proliferation, wound healing and tumor progression are based on cell adhesion. Amongst different cell adhesion molecules, the integrin receptors play a very significant role. Over the past decades the function and signalling of various such integrins have been studied by incorporating the proteins into lipid membranes. These proteolipid structures lay the foundation for the development of artificial cells, which are able to adhere to substrates. To build biomimetic models for studying cell shape and spreading, actin networks can be incorporated into lipid vesicles, too. We here review the mechanisms of integrin-mediated cell adhesion and recent advances in the field of minimal cells towards synthetic adhesion. We focus on reconstituting integrins into lipid structures for mimicking cell adhesion and on the incorporation of actin networks and talin into model cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Brüggemann
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes P Frohnmayer
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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47
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Heller JP, Martin KR. Enhancing RPE Cell-Based Therapy Outcomes for AMD: The Role of Bruch's Membrane. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/tvst.3.4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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48
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Miller CG, Pozzi A, Zent R, Schwarzbauer JE. Effects of high glucose on integrin activity and fibronectin matrix assembly by mesangial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2342-50. [PMID: 24943838 PMCID: PMC4142608 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-03-0800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant accumulation of collagen IV defines diabetic nephropathy. It is shown here that high glucose increases fibronectin matrix assembly by activating integrin receptors on kidney cells. Collagen IV accumulation depends on this fibronectin matrix. Targeting fibronectin matrix may be a useful therapy to stem matrix accumulation in the diabetic kidney. The filtration unit of the kidney is the glomerulus, a capillary network supported by mesangial cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Glomerular function is compromised in diabetic nephropathy (DN) by uncontrolled buildup of ECM, especially type IV collagen, which progressively occludes the capillaries. Increased levels of the ECM protein fibronectin (FN) are also present; however, its role in DN is unknown. Mesangial cells cultured under high glucose conditions provide a model system for studying the effect of elevated glucose on deposition of FN and collagen IV. Imaging of mesangial cell cultures and analysis of detergent-insoluble matrix show that, under high glucose conditions, mesangial cells assembled significantly more FN matrix, independent of FN protein levels. High glucose conditions induced protein kinase C–dependent β1 integrin activation, and FN assembly in normal glucose was increased by stimulation of integrin activity with Mn2+. Collagen IV incorporation into the matrix was also increased under high glucose conditions and colocalized with FN fibrils. An inhibitor of FN matrix assembly prevented collagen IV deposition, demonstrating dependence of collagen IV on FN matrix. We conclude that high glucose induces FN assembly, which contributes to collagen IV accumulation. Enhanced assembly of FN might facilitate dysregulated ECM accumulation in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles G Miller
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
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49
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Fu RH, Wang YC, Liu SP, Shih TR, Lin HL, Chen YM, Sung JH, Lu CH, Wei JR, Wang ZW, Huang SJ, Tsai CH, Shyu WC, Lin SZ. Decellularization and Recellularization Technologies in Tissue Engineering. Cell Transplant 2014; 23:621-30. [PMID: 24816454 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x678382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularization is the process by which cells are discharged from tissues/organs, but all of the essential cues for cell preservation and homeostasis are retained in a three-dimensional structure of the organ and its extracellular matrix components. During tissue decellularization, maintenance of the native ultrastructure and composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is extremely acceptable. For recellularization, the scaffold/matrix is seeded with cells, the final goal being to form a practical organ. In this review, we focus on the biological properties of the ECM that remains when a variety of decellularization methods are used, comparing recellularization technologies, including bioreactor expansion for perfusion-based bioartificial organs, and we discuss cell sources. In the future, decellularization–recellularization procedures may solve the problem of organ assembly on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Wang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ton-Ru Shih
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lien Lin
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Mi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Huei Sung
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Lu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Rong Wei
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Wan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Jer Huang
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hai Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
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50
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Adamson K, Dolan C, Moran N, Forster RJ, Keyes TE. RGD Labeled Ru(II) Polypyridyl Conjugates for Platelet Integrin αIIbβ3 Recognition and as Reporters of Integrin Conformation. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:928-44. [DOI: 10.1021/bc5000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kellie Adamson
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Ciaran Dolan
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Niamh Moran
- The
Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Robert J. Forster
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Tia E. Keyes
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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