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Padilla-Morales B, Acuña-Alonzo AP, Kilili H, Castillo-Morales A, Díaz-Barba K, Maher KH, Fabian L, Mourkas E, Székely T, Serrano-Meneses MA, Cortez D, Ancona S, Urrutia AO. Sexual size dimorphism in mammals is associated with changes in the size of gene families related to brain development. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6257. [PMID: 39048570 PMCID: PMC11269740 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In mammals, sexual size dimorphism often reflects the intensity of sexual selection, yet its connection to genomic evolution remains unexplored. Gene family size evolution can reflect shifts in the relative importance of different molecular functions. Here, we investigate the associate between brain development gene repertoire to sexual size dimorphism using 124 mammalian species. We reveal significant changes in gene family size associations with sexual size dimorphism. High levels of dimorphism correlate with an expansion of gene families enriched in olfactory sensory perception and a contraction of gene families associated with brain development functions, many of which exhibited particularly high expression in the human adult brain. These findings suggest a relationship between intense sexual selection and alterations in gene family size. These insights illustrate the complex interplay between sexual dimorphism, gene family size evolution, and their roles in mammalian brain development and function, offering a valuable understanding of mammalian genome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Padilla-Morales
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | | | - Huseyin Kilili
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Karina Díaz-Barba
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Mexico city, 04510, Mexico
- Licenciatura en ciencias genómicas, UNAM, Cuernavaca, 62210, México
| | - Kathryn H Maher
- NERC Environmental Omics Facility, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Laurie Fabian
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Evangelos Mourkas
- Zoonosis Science Centre, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tamás Székely
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Martin-Alejandro Serrano-Meneses
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Sta. Catarina Mártir, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, 72810, México
| | - Diego Cortez
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, Cuernavaca, 62210, México
| | - Sergio Ancona
- Instituto de Ecología, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, UNAM, México City, 04510, México
| | - Araxi O Urrutia
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
- Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Mexico city, 04510, Mexico.
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2
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Oh S, Kim C, Park YH. Decrease of alpha-crystallin A by miR-325-3p in retinal cells under blue light exposure. Mol Cells 2024; 47:100091. [PMID: 38997088 DOI: 10.1016/j.mocell.2024.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to blue light can lead to retinal degeneration, causing adverse effects on eye health. Although the loss of retinal cells due to blue light exposure has been observed, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the role of alpha-crystallin A (CRYAA) in neuro-retinal degeneration and their regulation by blue light. We observed significant apoptotic cell death in both the retina of rats and the cultured neuro-retinal cells. The expressions of Cryaa mRNA and protein were significantly downregulated in the retina exposed to blue light. We identified that miR-325-3p reduces Cryaa mRNA and protein by binding to its 3'-untranslated region. Upregulation of miR-325-3p destabilized Cryaa mRNA and suppresses CRYAA, whereas downregulation of miR-325-3p increased both expressions. Blue light-induced neuro-retinal cell death was alleviated by CRYAA overexpression. These results highlight the critical role of Cryaa mRNA and miR-325-3p molecular axis in blue light-induced retinal degeneration. Consequently, targeting CRYAA and miR-325-3p presents a potential strategy for protecting against blue light-induced retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subeen Oh
- Catholic Institute for Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Chongtae Kim
- Catholic Institute for Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Park
- Catholic Institute for Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea.
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3
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Patil H, Yi H, Cho KI, Ferreira PA. Proteostatic Remodeling of Small Heat Shock Chaperones─Crystallins by Ran-Binding Protein 2─and the Peptidyl-Prolyl cis-trans Isomerase and Chaperone Activities of Its Cyclophilin Domain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1967-1989. [PMID: 38657106 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in protein phase transitions promote protein aggregation─a neurodegeneration hallmark. The modular Ran-binding protein 2 (Ranbp2) is a cytosolic molecular hub for rate-limiting steps of phase transitions of Ran-GTP-bound protein ensembles exiting nuclear pores. Chaperones also regulate phase transitions and proteostasis by suppressing protein aggregation. Ranbp2 haploinsufficiency promotes the age-dependent neuroprotection of the chorioretina against phototoxicity by proteostatic regulations of neuroprotective substrates of Ranbp2 and by suppressing the buildup of polyubiquitylated substrates. Losses of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) and chaperone activities of the cyclophilin domain (CY) of Ranbp2 recapitulate molecular effects of Ranbp2 haploinsufficiency. These CY impairments also stimulate deubiquitylation activities and phase transitions of 19S cap subunits of the 26S proteasome that associates with Ranbp2. However, links between CY moonlighting activity, substrate ubiquitylation, and proteostasis remain incomplete. Here, we reveal the Ranbp2 regulation of small heat shock chaperones─crystallins in the chorioretina by proteomics of mice with total or selective modular deficits of Ranbp2. Specifically, loss of CY PPIase of Ranbp2 upregulates αA-Crystallin, which is repressed in adult nonlenticular tissues. Conversely, impairment of CY's chaperone activity opposite to the PPIase pocket downregulates a subset of αA-Crystallin's substrates, γ-crystallins. These CY-dependent effects cause age-dependent and chorioretinal-selective declines of ubiquitylated substrates without affecting the chorioretinal morphology. A model emerges whereby inhibition of Ranbp2's CY PPIase remodels crystallins' expressions, subdues molecular aging, and preordains the chorioretina to neuroprotection by augmenting the chaperone capacity and the degradation of polyubiquitylated substrates against proteostatic impairments. Further, the druggable Ranbp2 CY holds pan-therapeutic potential against proteotoxicity and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemangi Patil
- Department of Ophthalmology Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Haiqing Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Kyoung-In Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Paulo A Ferreira
- Department of Ophthalmology Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
- Department of Pathology Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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4
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Ghosh D, Agarwal M, Radhakrishna M. Molecular Insights into the Inhibitory Role of α-Crystallin against γD-Crystallin Aggregation. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:1740-1752. [PMID: 38078935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Cataracts, a major cause of global blindness, contribute significantly to the overall prevalence of blindness. The opacification of the lens, resulting in cataract formation, primarily occurs due to the aggregation of crystallin proteins within the eye lens. Despite the high concentration of these crystallins, they remarkably maintain the lens transparency and refractive index. α-Crystallins (α-crys), acting as chaperones, play a crucial role in preventing crystallin aggregation, although the exact molecular mechanism remains uncertain. In this study, we employed a combination of molecular docking, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, and advanced free energy calculations to investigate the interaction between γD-crystallin (γD-crys), a major structural protein of the eye lens, and α-crystallin proteins. Our findings demonstrate that α-crys exhibits an enhanced affinity for the NTD2 and CTD4 regions of γD-crys. The NTD2 and CTD4 regions form the interface between the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the γD-crys protein. By binding to the interface region between the NTD and CTD of the protein, α-crys effectively inhibits the formation of domain-swapped aggregates and mitigates protein aggregation. Analysis of the Markov state models using molecular dynamics trajectories confirms that minimum free energy conformations correspond to the binding of the α-crystallin domain (ACD) of α-crys to NTD2 and CTD4 that form the interdomain interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshikha Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Manish Agarwal
- Computer Services Centre, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Mithun Radhakrishna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
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5
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Patil H, Cho KI, Ferreira PA. Proteostatic remodeling of small heat shock chaperones - crystallins by Ran-binding protein 2 and the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase and chaperone activities of its cyclophilin domain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.26.577462. [PMID: 38352504 PMCID: PMC10862737 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Disturbances in phase transitions and intracellular partitions of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling substrates promote protein aggregation - a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. The modular Ran-binding protein 2 (Ranbp2) is a cytosolic molecular hub for rate-limiting steps of disassembly and phase transitions of Ran-GTP-bound protein ensembles exiting nuclear pores. Chaperones also play central roles in phase transitions and proteostasis by suppressing protein aggregation. Ranbp2 haploinsufficiency promotes the age-dependent neuroprotection of the chorioretina against photo-oxidative stress by proteostatic regulations of Ranbp2 substrates and by countering the build-up of poly-ubiquitylated substrates. Further, the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) and chaperone activities of the cyclophilin domain (CY) of Ranbp2 modulate the proteostasis of selective neuroprotective substrates, such as hnRNPA2B1, STAT3, HDAC4 or L/M-opsin, while promoting a decline of ubiquitylated substrates. However, links between CY PPIase activity on client substrates and its effect(s) on ubiquitylated substrates are unclear. Here, proteomics of genetically modified mice with deficits of Ranbp2 uncovered the regulation of the small heat shock chaperones - crystallins by Ranbp2 in the chorioretina. Loss of CY PPIase of Ranbp2 up-regulates αA-crystallin proteostasis, which is repressed in non-lenticular tissues. Conversely, the αA-crystallin's substrates, γ-crystallins, are down-regulated by impairment of CY's C-terminal chaperone activity. These CY-dependent effects cause the age-dependent decline of ubiquitylated substrates without overt chorioretinal morphological changes. A model emerges whereby the Ranbp2 CY-dependent remodeling of crystallins' proteostasis subdues molecular aging and preordains chorioretinal neuroprotection by augmenting the chaperone buffering capacity and the decline of ubiquitylated substrates against proteostatic impairments. Further, CY's moonlighting activity holds pan -therapeutic potential against neurodegeneration.
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Ma X, Nan Y, Huang C, Li X, Yang Y, Jiang W, Ye M, Liu Q, Niu Y, Yuan L. Expression of αA-crystallin (CRYAA) in vivo and in vitro models of age-related cataract and the effect of its silencing on HLEB3 cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:204754. [PMID: 37253645 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the expression of αA-crystallin (CRYAA) in age-related cataract (ARC) models and its role in lens epithelial cells (LECs). METHODS We used Flow cytometry to detect the apoptosis and cell cycle in HLEB3 cells and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction to detect the expression of CRYAA mRNA in HLEB3 and in rabbit lens. The expression of CRYAA in HLEB3 cells and rabbit lenses as well as the proteins related to apoptosis and autophagy in transfected cells were detected by western blotting. The lens structure in rabbits was investigated using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Protein thermostability assay was performed to detect the thermal stability of rabbit lens proteins. CCK- 8 assay was used to detect the viability of transfected cells, and the transfection was recorded by fluorescence photography. RESULTS Hydrogen peroxide can promote apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle in HLEB3 cells, and naphthalene can cause cataract formation and damage the structure of the lens in rabbits. Both ARC models can reduce the expression of CRYAA. The expression of CRYAA silencing increased apoptosis and autophagy in HLEB3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Ma
- Ningxia Medical University Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yi Nan
- Ningxia Medical University Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Can Huang
- Ningxia Medical University Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Ningxia Medical University Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Wenjie Jiang
- Ningxia Medical University Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Mengyi Ye
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yang Niu
- Ningxia Medical University Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Ningxia Medical University Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
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7
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Posner M, Murray KL, Andrew B, Brdicka S, Roberts A, Franklin K, Hussen A, Kaye T, Kepp E, McDonald MS, Snodgrass T, Zientek K, David LL. Impact of α-crystallin protein loss on zebrafish lens development. Exp Eye Res 2023; 227:109358. [PMID: 36572168 PMCID: PMC9918708 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The α-crystallin small heat shock proteins contribute to the transparency and refractive properties of the vertebrate eye lens and prevent the protein aggregation that would otherwise produce lens cataracts, the leading cause of human blindness. There are conflicting data in the literature as to what role the α-crystallins may play in early lens development. In this study, we used CRISPR gene editing to produce zebrafish lines with mutations in each of the three α-crystallin genes (cryaa, cryaba and cryabb) to prevent protein production. The absence of each α-crystallin protein was analyzed by mass spectrometry, and lens phenotypes were assessed with differential interference contrast microscopy and histology. Loss of αA-crystallin produced a variety of lens defects with varying severity in larvae at 3 and 4 dpf but little substantial change in normal fiber cell denucleation. Loss of αBa-crystallin produced no substantial lens defects. Our cryabb mutant produced a truncated αBb-crystallin protein and showed no substantial change in lens development. Mutation of each α-crystallin gene did not alter the mRNA levels of the remaining two, suggesting a lack of genetic compensation. These data suggest that αA-crystallin plays some role in lens development, but the range of phenotype severity in null mutants indicates its loss simply increases the chance for defects and that the protein is not essential. Our finding that cryaba and cryabb mutants lack noticeable lens defects is congruent with insubstantial transcript levels for these genes in lens epithelial and fiber cells through five days of development. Future experiments can explore the molecular mechanisms leading to lens defects in cryaa null mutants and the impact of αA-crystallin loss during zebrafish lens aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason Posner
- Department of Biology and Toxicology, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, USA.
| | - Kelly L Murray
- Department of Biology and Toxicology, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, USA
| | - Brandon Andrew
- Department of Biology and Toxicology, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, USA
| | - Stuart Brdicka
- Department of Biology and Toxicology, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, USA
| | - Alexis Roberts
- Department of Biology and Toxicology, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, USA
| | - Kirstan Franklin
- Department of Biology and Toxicology, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, USA
| | - Adil Hussen
- Department of Biology and Toxicology, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, USA
| | - Taylor Kaye
- Department of Biology and Toxicology, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, USA
| | - Emmaline Kepp
- Department of Biology and Toxicology, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, USA
| | - Mathew S McDonald
- Department of Biology and Toxicology, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, USA
| | - Tyler Snodgrass
- Department of Biology and Toxicology, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, USA
| | - Keith Zientek
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Larry L David
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
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8
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Wei Z, Hao C, Chen JK, Gan L, Fan X. A tamoxifen-inducible Cre knock-in mouse for lens-specific gene manipulation. Exp Eye Res 2023; 226:109306. [PMID: 36372215 PMCID: PMC9839650 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models are valuable tools in studying lens biology and biochemistry, and the Cre-loxP system is the most used technology for gene targeting in the lens. However, numerous genes are indispensable in lens development. The conventional knockout method either prevents lens formation or causes simultaneous cataract formation, hindering the studies of their roles in lens structure, growth, metabolism, and cataractogenesis during lens aging. An inducible Cre-loxP mouse line is an excellent way to achieve such a purpose. We established a lens-specific Cre ERT2 knock-in mouse (LCEK), an inducible mouse model for lens-specific gene targeting in a spatiotemporal manner. LCEK mice were created by in-frame infusion of a P2A-CreERT2 at the C-terminus of the last coding exon of the gene alpha A crystallin (Cryaa). LCEK mice express tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase uniquely in the lens. Through ROSAmT/mG and two endogenous genes (Gclc and Rbpj) targeting, we found no Cre recombinase leakage in the lens epithelium, but 50-80% leakage was observed in the lens cortex and nucleus. Administration of tamoxifen almost completely abolished target gene expression in both lens epithelium and cortex but only mildly enhanced gene deletion in the lens nucleus. Notably, no overt leakage of Cre activity was detected in developing LCEK lens when bred with mice carrying loxP floxed genes that are essential for lens development. This newly generated LCEK line will be a powerful tool to target genes in the lens for gene functions study in lens aging, posterior capsule opacification (PCO), and other areas requiring precision gene targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbo Wei
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Caili Hao
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jian-Kang Chen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xingjun Fan
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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9
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TMAO to the rescue of pathogenic protein variants. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130214. [PMID: 35902028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a chemical chaperone found in various organisms including humans. Various studies unveiled that it is an excellent protein-stabilizing agent, and induces folding of unstructured proteins. It is also well established that it can counteract the deleterious effects of urea, salt, and hydrostatic pressure on macromolecular integrity. There is also existence of large body of data regarding its ability to restore functional deficiency of various mutant proteins or pathogenic variants by correcting misfolding defects and inhibiting the formation of high-order toxic protein oligomers. Since an important class of human disease called "protein conformational disorders" is due to protein misfolding and/or formation of high-order oligomers, TMAO stands as a promising molecule for the therapeutic intervention of such diseases. The present review has been designed to gather a comprehensive knowledge of the TMAO's effect on the functional restoration of various mutants, identify its shortcomings and explore its potentiality as a lead molecule. Future prospects have also been suitably incorporated.
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10
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Malik A, Khan JM, Alhomida AS, Ola MS. Modulation of the Structure and Stability of Novel Camel Lens Alpha-Crystallin by pH and Thermal Stress. Gels 2022; 8:gels8050273. [PMID: 35621572 PMCID: PMC9140948 DOI: 10.3390/gels8050273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-crystallin protein performs structural and chaperone functions in the lens and comprises alphaA and alphaB subunits at a molar ratio of 3:1. The highly complex alpha-crystallin structure challenges structural biologists because of its large dynamic quaternary structure (300−1000 kDa). Camel lens alpha-crystallin is a poorly characterized molecular chaperone, and the alphaB subunit possesses a novel extension at the N-terminal domain. We purified camel lens alpha-crystallin using size exclusion chromatography, and the purity was analyzed by gradient (4−12%) sodium dodecyl sulfate−polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Alpha-crystallin was equilibrated in the pH range of 1.0 to 7.5. Subsequently, thermal stress (20−94 °C) was applied to the alpha-crystallin samples, and changes in the conformation and stability were recorded by dynamic multimode spectroscopy and intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence spectroscopic methods. Camel lens alpha-crystallin formed a random coil-like structure without losing its native-like beta-sheeted structure under two conditions: >50 °C at pH 7.5 and all temperatures at pH 2.0. The calculated enthalpy of denaturation, as determined by dynamic multimode spectroscopy at pH 7.5, 4.0, 2.0, and 1.0 revealed that alpha-crystallin never completely denatures under acidic conditions or thermal denaturation. Alpha-crystallin undergoes a single, reversible thermal transition at pH 7.5. The thermodynamic data (unfolding enthalpy and heat capacity change) and chaperone activities indicated that alpha-crystallin does not completely unfold above the thermal transition. Camels adapted to live in hot desert climates naturally exhibit the abovementioned unique features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajamaluddin Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (M.S.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah S. Alhomida
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (M.S.O.)
| | - Mohammad Shamsul Ola
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (M.S.O.)
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11
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Khoshaman K, Ghahramani M, Shahsavani MB, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Kurganov BI, Yousefi R. Myopathy-associated G154S mutation causes important changes in the conformational stability, amyloidogenic properties, and chaperone-like activity of human αB-crystallin. Biophys Chem 2021; 282:106744. [PMID: 34983005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Glycine to serine substitution at position 154 of human αB-crystallin (αB-Cry) is behind the development of cardiomyopathy and late-onset distal myopathy. The current study was conducted with the aim to investigate the structural and functional features of the G154S mutant αB-Cry using various spectroscopic techniques and microscopic analyses. The secondary and tertiary structures of human αB-Cry were preserved mainly in the presence of G154S mutation, but the mutant protein indicated a reduced chaperone-like activity when γ-Cry as its natural partner in eye lenses was the substrate protein. Moreover, a significant reduction in the enzyme refolding ability and in vivo chaperone activity of the mutant protein were observed. Also, the mutant protein displayed reduced conformational stability upon urea-induced denaturation. Both fluorescence and electron microscopic analyses suggested that G154S mutant protein has an increased susceptibility for amyloid fibril formation. Therefore, the pathomechanism of G154S mutation can be explained by its attenuated chaperone function, decreased conformational stability, and increased amyloidogenic propensity. Some of these important changes may also alter the correct interaction of the mutated αB-Cry with its target proteins in myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Khoshaman
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghahramani
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Boris I Kurganov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Reza Yousefi
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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The relationship between small heat shock proteins and redox homeostasis during acute heat stress in chickens. J Therm Biol 2021; 100:103040. [PMID: 34503787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As heat stress is a major emerging issue in poultry farming, investigations on the molecular mechanisms of the heat-triggered cellular response in chickens are of special importance. In the present study, 32-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were subjected to 37 °C environmental temperature combined with 50% relative humidity for 4 or 8 h respectively. Following sampling, redox parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), protein carbonyl levels as well as glutathione peroxidase activity were assessed in liver, spleen, and kidney homogenates. The concentrations of small heat shock proteins (sHSP-s) HSP27, αA- and αB-crystallins were also investigated. Among these organs, the liver was found the most susceptible to heat-provoked oxidative stress, indicated by enhanced lipid peroxidation and rapid activation of protective pathways, including the definite increase of glutathione peroxidase activity and the excessive utilization of αA- and αB-crystallin proteins. Heat-associated decline of protein carbonylation and GSH content was observed in the liver in correlation with the increased involvement of αA- and αB-crystallins in cellular defense, resulting supposedly in an overcompensation mechanism. These data highlight the hepatic sensitivity to acute heat shock, potential adaptation mechanisms, and the specific role of sHSP-s in the restoration of physiologic cell function.
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13
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Nasiri P, Ghahramani M, Tavaf Z, Niazi A, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Kurganov BI, Yousefi R. The biochemical association between R157H mutation in human αB-crystallin and development of cardiomyopathy: Structural and functional analyses of the mutant protein. Biochimie 2021; 190:36-49. [PMID: 34237397 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In human αB-crystallin or HspB5, the substitution of arginine residue at position 157 with histidine has been reported to cause cardiomyopathy. In this study, the impact of R157H mutation on the structure, stability and functional properties of human αB-crystallin was investigated using a variety of spectroscopic techniques and microscopic analyses. Our spectroscopic analyses revealed that this mutation has a negligible impact on the secondary and tertiary structures of HspB5 but its quaternary structure underwent fundamental changes. Although the chemical stability of the mutant protein remained largely unchanged, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement suggested that its thermal stability was reduced. As examined with transmission electron microscopy, αB-crystallin and its mutant indicated a similar tendency for the amyloid fibril formation under thermochemical stress. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis suggested important changes in the quaternary (oligomeric) structures of the mutant protein as compared with the native protein counterpart. Also, the mutant protein indicated an improved chaperone-like activity under in vitro assessment. In a pH-dependent manner, the side chains of arginine and histidine have different capabilities for establishing hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interaction (salt bridge) and this variation may be sufficient to produce the larger changes that ultimately alter the interaction of this protein with other target proteins. Overall, the pathogenic contribution of this mutation in cardiomyopathy can be explained by its role in quaternary structure/stability alteration of the mutated protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parto Nasiri
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghahramani
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Tavaf
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Niazi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Boris I Kurganov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Reza Yousefi
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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14
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Phadte AS, Sluzala ZB, Fort PE. Therapeutic Potential of α-Crystallins in Retinal Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1001. [PMID: 34201535 PMCID: PMC8300683 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The chaperone and anti-apoptotic activity of α-crystallins (αA- and αB-) and their derivatives has received increasing attention due to their tremendous potential in preventing cell death. While originally known and described for their role in the lens, the upregulation of these proteins in cells and animal models of neurodegenerative diseases highlighted their involvement in adaptive protective responses to neurodegeneration associated stress. However, several studies also suggest that chronic neurodegenerative conditions are associated with progressive loss of function of these proteins. Thus, while external supplementation of α-crystallin shows promise, their potential as a protein-based therapeutic for the treatment of chronic neurodegenerative diseases remains ambiguous. The current review aims at assessing the current literature supporting the anti-apoptotic potential of αA- and αB-crystallins and its potential involvement in retinal neurodegenerative diseases. The review further extends into potentially modulating the chaperone and the anti-apoptotic function of α-crystallins and the use of such functionally enhanced proteins for promoting neuronal viability in retinal neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh S. Phadte
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (A.S.P.); (Z.B.S.)
| | - Zachary B. Sluzala
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (A.S.P.); (Z.B.S.)
| | - Patrice E. Fort
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (A.S.P.); (Z.B.S.)
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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15
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Sprague-Piercy MA, Rocha MA, Kwok AO, Martin RW. α-Crystallins in the Vertebrate Eye Lens: Complex Oligomers and Molecular Chaperones. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2021; 72:143-163. [PMID: 33321054 PMCID: PMC8062273 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090419-121428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
α-Crystallins are small heat-shock proteins that act as holdase chaperones. In humans, αA-crystallin is expressed only in the eye lens, while αB-crystallin is found in many tissues. α-Crystallins have a central domain flanked by flexible extensions and form dynamic, heterogeneous oligomers. Structural models show that both the C- and N-terminal extensions are important for controlling oligomerization through domain swapping. α-Crystallin prevents aggregation of damaged β- and γ-crystallins by binding to the client protein using a variety of binding modes. α-Crystallin chaperone activity can be compromised by mutation or posttranslational modifications, leading to protein aggregation and cataract. Because of their high solubility and their ability to form large, functional oligomers, α-crystallins are particularly amenable to structure determination by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and solution NMR, as well as cryo-electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Sprague-Piercy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA;
| | - Megan A Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Ashley O Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Rachel W Martin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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16
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Shamsi A, Mohammad T, Anwar S, Nasreen K, Hassan MI, Ahmad F, Islam A. Insight into the binding of PEG-400 with eye protein alpha-crystallin: Multi spectroscopic and computational approach: possible therapeutics targeting eye diseases. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:4496-4506. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1858964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anas Shamsi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Saleha Anwar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Khalida Nasreen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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17
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Malik A, Almaharfi HA, Khan JM, Hisamuddin M, Alamery SF, Haq SH, Ahmed MZ. Protection of ζ-crystallin by α-crystallin under thermal stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:289-298. [PMID: 33278428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cataract is one of the major causes of blindness worldwide. Several factors including post-translational modification, thermal and solar radiations promote cataractogenesis. The camel lens proteins survive very harsh desert conditions and resist cataractogenesis. The folding and aggregation mechanism of camel lens proteins are poorly characterized. The camel lens contains three ubiquitous crystallins (α-, β-, and γ-crystallin) and a novel protein (ζ-crystallin) in large amounts. In this study, a sequence similarity search of camel α-crystallin with that of other organisms showed that the camel αB-crystallin consists of an extended N-terminal domain. Our results indicate that camel α-crystallin efficiently prevented aggregation of ζ-crystallin, with or without an obligate cofactor up to 89 °C. It performed a quick and efficient holdase function irrespective of the unfolding stage or aggregation. Camel α-crystallin exhibits approximately 20% chaperone activity between 30 and 40 °C and is completely activated above 40 °C. Camel α-crystallin underwent a single reversible thermal transition without loss of β-sheet secondary structure. Intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and ANS binding experiments revealed two transitions which corresponded to activation of its chaperone function. In contrast to earlier studies, camel α-crystallin completely protected lens proteins during thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajamaluddin Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajar Ahmed Almaharfi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malik Hisamuddin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Salman Freeh Alamery
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samina Hyder Haq
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Z Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Stepanenko OV, Sulatsky MI, Mikhailova EV, Stepanenko OV, Povarova OI, Kuznetsova IM, Turoverov KK, Sulatskaya AI. Alpha-B-Crystallin Effect on Mature Amyloid Fibrils: Different Degradation Mechanisms and Changes in Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207659. [PMID: 33081200 PMCID: PMC7589196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the ability of molecular chaperones and chaperone-like proteins to inhibit the formation of pathological amyloid fibrils, the chaperone-based therapy of amyloidosis has recently been proposed. However, since these diseases are often diagnosed at the stages when a large amount of amyloids is already accumulated in the patient’s body, in this work we pay attention to the undeservedly poorly studied problem of chaperone and chaperone-like proteins’ effect on mature amyloid fibrils. We showed that a heat shock protein alpha-B-crystallin, which is capable of inhibiting fibrillogenesis and is found in large quantities as a part of amyloid plaques, can induce degradation of mature amyloids by two different mechanisms. Under physiological conditions, alpha-B-crystallin induces fluffing and unweaving of amyloid fibrils, which leads to a partial decrease in their structural ordering without lowering their stability and can increase their cytotoxicity. We found a higher correlation between the rate and effectiveness of amyloids degradation with the size of fibrils clusters rather than with amino acid sequence of amyloidogenic protein. Some external effects (such as an increase in medium acidity) can lead to a change in the mechanism of fibrils degradation induced by alpha-B-crystallin: amyloid fibers are fragmented without changing their secondary structure and properties. According to recent data, fibrils cutting can lead to the generation of seeds for new bona fide amyloid fibrils and accelerate the accumulation of amyloids, as well as enhance the ability of fibrils to disrupt membranes and to reduce cell viability. Our results emphasize the need to test the chaperone effect not only on fibrillogenesis, but also on the mature amyloid fibrils, including stress conditions, in order to avoid undesirable disease progression during chaperone-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Stepanenko
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (O.I.P.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - M. I. Sulatsky
- Laboratory of Cell Morphology, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - E. V. Mikhailova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (O.I.P.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Olesya V. Stepanenko
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (O.I.P.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - O. I. Povarova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (O.I.P.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - I. M. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (O.I.P.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - K. K. Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (O.I.P.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
- Peter the Great St.-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-812-297-19-57
| | - A. I. Sulatskaya
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (O.I.P.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
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19
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Shamsi A, Mohammad T, Anwar S, Hassan MI, Ahmad F, Hasan I, Islam A. Biophysical Insights into Implications of PEG-400 on the α-Crystallin Structure: Multispectroscopic and Microscopic Approach. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19210-19216. [PMID: 32775924 PMCID: PMC7409245 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation and precipitation of α-crystallin play a vital role in the cataract development. This study was targeted to delineate the effect of PEG-400 on the structural integrity of α-crystallin employing a multispectroscopic and microscopic approach. Intrinsic fluorescence and UV-vis spectroscopy suggested alterations in the tertiary structure of α-crystallin, namely global transition of native α-crystallin to a non-native form in the presence of PEG-400. Circular dichroism spectroscopy suggested secondary structural transition in a native conformation of α-crystallin in the presence of PEG-400. Loss in the native conformation of α-crystallin is implicated in cataract developments, thus highlighting the clinical significance of this work. Further, a significant increase in ANS fluorescence of PEG-400-incubated α-crystallin (7 days) suggested this non-native form to be molten globule (MG)-like state. Increased Thioflavin T fluorescence (ThT) and congo red (CR) absorbance along with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the formation of the aggregates of α-crystallin after prolonged incubation with PEG-400. Insights into PEG-400-induced structural alterations can provide a platform to search for new therapeutic molecules that can combat α-crystallin-directed eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Shamsi
- Center
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Center
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Saleha Anwar
- Center
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Center
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Center
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ikramul Hasan
- Department
of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 65527, KSA
| | - Asimul Islam
- Center
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
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20
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Selivanova OM, Galzitskaya OV. Structural and Functional Peculiarities of α-Crystallin. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9040085. [PMID: 32340218 PMCID: PMC7235859 DOI: 10.3390/biology9040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
α-Crystallin is the major protein of the eye lens and a member of the family of small heat-shock proteins. Its concentration in the human eye lens is extremely high (about 450 mg/mL). Three-dimensional structure of native α-crystallin is unknown. First of all, this is the result of the highly heterogeneous nature of α-crystallin, which hampers obtaining it in a crystalline form. The modeling based on the electron microscopy (EM) analysis of α-crystallin preparations shows that the main population of the α-crystallin polydisperse complex is represented by oligomeric particles of rounded, slightly ellipsoidal shape with the diameter of about 13.5 nm. These complexes have molecular mass of about 700 kDa. In our opinion, the heterogeneity of the α-crystallin complex makes it impossible to obtain a reliable 3D model. In the literature, there is evidence of an enhanced chaperone function of α-crystallin during its dissociation into smaller components. This may indirectly indicate that the formation of heterogeneous complexes is probably necessary to preserve α-crystallin in a state inactive before stressful conditions. Then, not only the heterogeneity of the α-crystallin complex is an evolutionary adaptation that protects α-crystallin from crystallization but also the enhancement of the function of α-crystallin during its dissociation is also an evolutionary acquisition. An analysis of the literature on the study of α-crystallin in vitro led us to the assumption that, of the two α-crystallin isoforms (αA- and αB-crystallins), it is αA-crystallin that plays the role of a special chaperone for αB-crystallin. In addition, our data on X-ray diffraction analysis of α-crystallin at the sample concentration of about 170-190 mg/mL allowed us to assume that, at a high concentration, the eye lens α-crystallin can be in a gel-like stage. Finally, we conclude that, since all the accumulated data on structural-functional studies of α-crystallin were carried out under conditions far from native, they cannot adequately reflect the features of the functioning of α-crystallin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M. Selivanova
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia;
| | - Oxana V. Galzitskaya
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia;
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-903-675-0156
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21
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Muranov KO, Poliansky NB, Kleimenov SY, Ostrovsky MA. Chaperone-Like Protein a-Crystallin Brakes the Aggregation but Does Not Support Refolding of UV-Damaged βL-Crystallin. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793119060253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Kaiser CJO, Peters C, Schmid PWN, Stavropoulou M, Zou J, Dahiya V, Mymrikov EV, Rockel B, Asami S, Haslbeck M, Rappsilber J, Reif B, Zacharias M, Buchner J, Weinkauf S. The structure and oxidation of the eye lens chaperone αA-crystallin. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2019; 26:1141-1150. [PMID: 31792453 PMCID: PMC7115824 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-019-0332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The small heat shock protein αA-crystallin is a molecular chaperone important for the optical properties of the vertebrate eye lens. It forms heterogeneous oligomeric ensembles. We determined the structures of human αA-crystallin oligomers by combining cryo-electron microscopy, cross-linking/mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. The different oligomers can be interconverted by the addition or subtraction of tetramers, leading to mainly 12-, 16- and 20-meric assemblies in which interactions between N-terminal regions are important. Cross-dimer domain-swapping of the C-terminal region is a determinant of αA-crystallin heterogeneity. Human αA-crystallin contains two cysteines, which can form an intramolecular disulfide in vivo. Oxidation in vitro requires conformational changes and oligomer dissociation. The oxidized oligomers, which are larger than reduced αA-crystallin and destabilized against unfolding, are active chaperones and can transfer the disulfide to destabilized substrate proteins. The insight into the structure and function of αA-crystallin provides a basis for understanding its role in the eye lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph J O Kaiser
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Carsten Peters
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Philipp W N Schmid
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Maria Stavropoulou
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juan Zou
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vinay Dahiya
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Evgeny V Mymrikov
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Beate Rockel
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Sam Asami
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Haslbeck
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Reif
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Zacharias
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at the Physics Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.
| | - Sevil Weinkauf
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.
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23
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Ghahramani M, Yousefi R, Krivandin A, Muranov K, Kurganov B, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Structural and functional characterization of D109H and R69C mutant versions of human αB-crystallin: The biochemical pathomechanism underlying cataract and myopathy development. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 146:1142-1160. [PMID: 31678106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In human αB-crystallin (αB-Cry), the highly conserved residues arginine 69 (R69) and aspartate 109 (D109) are located within a critical motif of α-crystallin domain (ACD), contributing to the subunit interactions and oligomeric assembly. Recently, two missense mutations (R69C and D109H) in human αB-Cry have been reported to cause congenital cataract and myopathy disorders. We used various spectroscopic techniques, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), gel electrophoresis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to show how these mutations cause significant changes in structure, amyloidogenic feature and biological function of human αB-Cry. These pathogenic mutations resulted in the important alterations of the secondary, tertiary and oligomeric (quaternary) structures of human αB-Cry. The missense mutations were also capable to significantly increase the amyloidogenic propensity of human αB-Cry and to diminish the chaperone-like activity of this protein. The above mentioned changes were observed more noticeably after D109H mutation. The detrimental effects of D109H mutation may be due to the loss of salt bridge with R120 in the dimeric interface, flagging the anti-aggregation ability of αB-Cry chaperone. In conclusion, the R69C and D109H mutations displayed a significant damaging effect on the structure and chaperone function of human αB-Cry which could be considered as their biochemical pathomechanisms in development of congenital cataract and myopathy disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghahramani
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Yousefi
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Alexey Krivandin
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin str. 4, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Konstantin Muranov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin str. 4, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Boris Kurganov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia
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Hamadmad S, Shah MH, Kusibati R, Kim B, Erickson B, Heisler-Taylor T, Bhattacharya SK, Abdel-Rahman MH, Cebulla CM. Significant upregulation of small heat shock protein αA-crystallin in retinal detachment. Exp Eye Res 2019; 189:107811. [PMID: 31550446 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumaya Hamadmad
- The Ohio State University Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 915 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Mohd Hussain Shah
- The Ohio State University Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 915 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Rania Kusibati
- The Ohio State University Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 915 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Bongsu Kim
- The Ohio State University Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 915 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Brandon Erickson
- The Ohio State University Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 915 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Tyler Heisler-Taylor
- The Ohio State University Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 915 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Sanjoy K Bhattacharya
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, The Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Mohamed H Abdel-Rahman
- The Ohio State University Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 915 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA; Division Human Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43240, USA
| | | | - Colleen M Cebulla
- The Ohio State University Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 915 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA.
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25
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Muranov KO, Poliansky NB, Chebotareva NA, Kleimenov SY, Bugrova AE, Indeykina MI, Kononikhin AS, Nikolaev EN, Ostrovsky MA. The mechanism of the interaction of α-crystallin and UV-damaged β L-crystallin. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:736-748. [PMID: 31445149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
α-Crystallin maintains the transparency of the lens by preventing the aggregation of damaged proteins. The aim of our work was to study the chaperone-like activity of native α-crystallin in near physiological conditions (temperature, ionic power, pH) using UV-damaged βL-crystallin as the target protein. α-Crystallin in concentration depended manner inhibits the aggregation of UV-damaged βL-crystallin. DSC investigation has shown that refolding of denatured UV-damaged βL-crystallin was not observed under incubation with α-crystallin. α-Crystallin and UV-damaged βL-crystallin form dynamic complexes with masses from 75 to several thousand kDa. The content of UV-damaged βL-crystallin in such complexes increases with the mass of the complex. Complexes containing >10% of UV-damaged βL-crystallin are prone to precipitation whereas those containing <10% of the target protein are relatively stable. Formation of a stable 75 kDa complex is indicative of α-crystallin dissociation. We suppose that α-crystallin dissociation is the result of an interaction of comparable amounts of the chaperone-like protein and the target protein. In the lens simultaneous damage of such amounts of protein, mainly β and gamma-crystallins, is impossible. The authors suggest that in the lens rare molecules of the damaged protein interact with undissociated oligomers of α-crystallin, and thus preventing aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Muranov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - N B Poliansky
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Chebotareva
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal State Institution "Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology"of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Moscow, Russia
| | - S Yu Kleimenov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
| | - A E Bugrova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M I Indeykina
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Semenov Federal Center of Chemical Physic, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Kononikhin
- Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Semenov Federal Center of Chemical Physic, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russia
| | - E N Nikolaev
- Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Semenov Federal Center of Chemical Physic, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russia
| | - M A Ostrovsky
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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26
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Karmakar S, Biswas S, Das KP, Tripathy U. Surface plasmon resonance study of the interaction of 4,4′-dianilino-1,1′-binaphthyl-5,5′-disulfonic acid dipotassium salt (bis-ANS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with oligomeric recombinant human lens αA-crystallin. CAN J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2018-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
α-Crystallin, an abundant mammalian lens protein made up of two subunits (αA- and αB-crystallin), is involved in the maintenance of the optimal refractive index in the lens. The protein is implicated in the pathophysiology of a large number of retinal diseases including cataract, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and uveitis. α-Crystallin belongs to the small heat shock protein (sHSP) family, forms large oligomeric structures, and functions as a molecular chaperone appearing very early during embryonic development. To gain mechanistic insight into the structural and functional role of α-crystallin and its alterations in various retinal diseases, it is important to study the interaction chemistry with its known partners. The hydrophobic sites in α-crystallin have been studied extensively using environmentally sensitive fluorescent probes such as 4,4′-dianilino-1,1′-binaphthyl-5,5′-disulfonic acid dipotassium salt (bis-ANS) that interacts with both subunits of α-cystallin in 1:1 stoichiometry at 37 °C and diminishes the chaperone-like activity of the protein. Furthermore, it has been shown that ATP plays a crucial role in the association of α-crystallin with substrate proteins. We use surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to monitor the interactions of immobilized oligomeric recombinant αA subunit of human α-crystallin protein with bis-ANS and ATP. We assess the thermodynamic parameters and kinetics of such interactions at various temperatures. Our results indicate that bis-ANS binds to αA-crystallin with higher affinity when compared with ATP, although both αA-crystallin and αB-crystallin display fast interaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srabani Karmakar
- Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University, EM-4/1, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091, India
| | - Shrutidhara Biswas
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati-781029, India
| | - Kali P. Das
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, 93/1 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata-700009, India
| | - Umakanta Tripathy
- Department of Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad-826004, India
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27
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3D structure of the native α-crystallin from bovine eye lens. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:1289-1298. [PMID: 29870813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
α-Crystallin is the major eye lens protein that has been shown to support lens transparency by preventing the aggregation of lens proteins. The 3D structure of α-crystallin is largely unknown. Electron microscopy, single-particle 3D reconstruction, size exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering, and analytical ultracentrifugation were used to study the structure of the native α-crystallin. Native α-crystallin has a wide distribution in size. The shape of mass distribution is temperature-dependent, but the oligomers with a sedimentation coefficient of ~22 S (750-830 kDa) strongly prevailed at all temperatures used. A 3D model of native α-crystallin with resolution of ~2 nm was created. The model is asymmetrical, has an elongated bean-like shape 13 × 19 nm with a dense core and filamentous "kernel". It does not contain a central cavity. The majority of α-crystallin particles regardless of experimental conditions are 13 × 19 nm, which corresponds to 22S sedimentation coefficient, hydrodynamic diameter 20 nm and mass of 750-830 kD. These particles are in dynamic equilibrium with particles of smaller and larger sizes.
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28
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Preis W, Bestehorn A, Buchner J, Haslbeck M. An alternative splice variant of human αA-crystallin modulates the oligomer ensemble and the chaperone activity of α-crystallins. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:541-552. [PMID: 28214988 PMCID: PMC5465031 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, ten genes encode small heat shock proteins with lens αA-crystallin and αB-crystallin representing two of the most prominent members. The canonical isoforms of αA-crystallin and αB-crystallin collaborate in the eye lens to prevent irreversible protein aggregation and preserve visual acuity. α-Crystallins form large polydisperse homo-oligomers and hetero-oligomers and as part of the proteostasis system bind substrate proteins in non-native conformations, thereby stabilizing them. Here, we analyzed a previously uncharacterized, alternative splice variant (isoform 2) of human αA-crystallin with an exchanged N-terminal sequence. This variant shows the characteristic α-crystallin secondary structure, exists on its own predominantly in a monomer-dimer equilibrium, and displays only low chaperone activity. However, the variant is able to integrate into higher order oligomers of canonical αA-crystallin and αB-crystallin as well as their hetero-oligomer. The presence of the variant leads to the formation of new types of higher order hetero-oligomers with an overall decreased number of subunits and enhanced chaperone activity. Thus, alternative mRNA splicing of human αA-crystallin leads to an additional, formerly not characterized αA-crystallin species which is able to modulate the properties of the canonical ensemble of α-crystallin oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Preis
- Department Chemie, Center for Integrated Protein Science, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Annika Bestehorn
- Department Chemie, Center for Integrated Protein Science, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Department Chemie, Center for Integrated Protein Science, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Haslbeck
- Department Chemie, Center for Integrated Protein Science, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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29
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Khoshaman K, Yousefi R, Tamaddon AM, Abolmaali SS, Oryan A, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Kurganov BI. The impact of different mutations at Arg54 on structure, chaperone-like activity and oligomerization state of human αA-crystallin: The pathomechanism underlying congenital cataract-causing mutations R54L, R54P and R54C. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1865:604-618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Liu J, Luo Z, Zhang L, Wang L, Nie Q, Wang ZF, Huang Z, Hu X, Gong L, Arrigo AP, Tang X, Xiang JW, Liu F, Deng M, Ji W, Hu W, Zhu JY, Chen B, Bridge J, Hollingsworth MA, Gigantelli J, Liu Y, Nguyen QD, Li DWC. The small heat shock protein αA-crystallin negatively regulates pancreatic tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:65808-65824. [PMID: 27588467 PMCID: PMC5323194 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent study has shown that αA-crystallin appears to act as a tumor suppressor in pancreas. Here, we analyzed expression patterns of αA-crystallin in the pancreatic tumor tissue and the neighbor normal tissue from 74 pancreatic cancer patients and also pancreatic cancer cell lines. Immunocytochemistry revealed that αA-crystallin was highly expressed in the normal tissue from 56 patients, but barely detectable in the pancreatic tumor tissue. Moreover, a low level of αA-crystallin predicts poor prognosis for patients with pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In the 12 pancreatic cell lines analyzed, except for Capan-1 and Miapaca-2 where the level of αA-crystallin was about 80% and 65% of that in the control cell line, HPNE, the remaining pancreatic cancer cells have much lower αA-crystallin levels. Overexpression of αA-crystallin in MiaPaca-1 cells lacking endogenous αA-crystallin significantly decreased its tumorigenicity ability as shown in the colony formation and wound healing assays. In contrast, knockdown of αA-crystallin in the Capan-1 cells significantly increased its tumorigenicity ability as demonstrated in the above assays. Together, our results further demonstrate that αA-crystallin negatively regulates pancreatic tumorigenesis and appears to be a prognosis biomarker for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
- Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, China
| | - Zhongwen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Qian Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Zheng-Feng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Center of Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhaoxia Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Lili Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Andre-Patrick Arrigo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Xiangcheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Jia-Wen Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Mi Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Weike Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Wenfeng Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ji-Ye Zhu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Center of Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Baojiang Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Julia Bridge
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - James Gigantelli
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Quan D Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - David Wan-Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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31
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Sadowska-Bartosz I, Bartosz G. Effect of glycation inhibitors on aging and age-related diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 160:1-18. [PMID: 27671971 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vast evidence supports the view that glycation of proteins is one of the main factors contributing to aging and is an important element of etiopathology of age-related diseases, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus, cataract and neurodegenerative diseases. Counteracting glycation can therefore be a means of increasing both the lifespan and healthspan. In this review, accumulation of glycation products during aging is presented, pathophysiological effects of glycation are discussed and ways of attenuation of the effects of glycation are described, concentrating on prevention of glycation. The effects of glycation and glycation inhibitors on the course of selected age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and cataract are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza St. 4, 35-604 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza St. 4, 35-604 Rzeszów, Poland; Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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32
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Piri N, Kwong JMK, Gu L, Caprioli J. Heat shock proteins in the retina: Focus on HSP70 and alpha crystallins in ganglion cell survival. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 52:22-46. [PMID: 27017896 PMCID: PMC4842330 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) belong to a superfamily of stress proteins that are critical constituents of a complex defense mechanism that enhances cell survival under adverse environmental conditions. Cell protective roles of HSPs are related to their chaperone functions, antiapoptotic and antinecrotic effects. HSPs' anti-apoptotic and cytoprotective characteristics, their ability to protect cells from a variety of stressful stimuli, and the possibility of their pharmacological induction in cells under pathological stress make these proteins an attractive therapeutic target for various neurodegenerative diseases; these include Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, prion disease, and others. This review discusses the possible roles of HSPs, particularly HSP70 and small HSPs (alpha A and alpha B crystallins) in enhancing the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in optic neuropathies such as glaucoma, which is characterized by progressive loss of vision caused by degeneration of RGCs and their axons in the optic nerve. Studies in animal models of RGC degeneration induced by ocular hypertension, optic nerve crush and axotomy show that upregulation of HSP70 expression by hyperthermia, zinc, geranyl-geranyl acetone, 17-AAG (a HSP90 inhibitor), or through transfection of retinal cells with AAV2-HSP70 effectively supports the survival of injured RGCs. RGCs survival was also stimulated by overexpression of alpha A and alpha B crystallins. These findings provide support for translating the HSP70- and alpha crystallin-based cell survival strategy into therapy to protect and rescue injured RGCs from degeneration associated with glaucomatous and other optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natik Piri
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Jacky M K Kwong
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lei Gu
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joseph Caprioli
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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33
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Tjondro HC, Xi YB, Chen XJ, Su JT, Yan YB. Membrane insertion of αA-crystallin is oligomer-size dependent. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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Shiliaev NG, Selivanova OM, Galzitskaya OV. Search for conserved amino acid residues of the α-crystallin proteins of vertebrates. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2016; 14:1641004. [PMID: 26972563 DOI: 10.1142/s0219720016410043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
[Formula: see text]-crystallin is the major eye lens protein and a member of the small heat-shock protein (sHsp) family. [Formula: see text]-crystallins have been shown to support lens clarity by preventing the aggregation of lens proteins. We performed the bioinformatics analysis of [Formula: see text]-crystallin sequences from vertebrates to find conserved amino acid residues as the three-dimensional (3D) structure of [Formula: see text]-crystallin is not identified yet. We are the first who demonstrated that the N-terminal region is conservative along with the central domain for vertebrate organisms. We have found that there is correlation between the conserved and structured regions. Moreover, amyloidogenic regions also correspond to the structured regions. We analyzed the amino acid composition of [Formula: see text]-crystallin A and B chains. Analyzing the occurrence of each individual amino acid residue, we have found that such amino acid residues as leucine, serine, lysine, proline, phenylalanine, histidine, isoleucine, glutamic acid, and valine change their content simultaneously in A and B chains in different classes of vertebrates. Aromatic amino acids occur more often in [Formula: see text]-crystallins from vertebrates than on the average in proteins among 17 animal proteomes. We obtained that the identity between A and B chains in the mammalian group is 0.35, which is lower than the published 0.60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita G Shiliaev
- 1 Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str., 4 Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Olga M Selivanova
- 1 Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str., 4 Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Oxana V Galzitskaya
- 1 Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str., 4 Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
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Zhu Z, Li R, Stricker R, Reiser G. Extracellular α-crystallin protects astrocytes from cell death through activation of MAPK, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and blockade of ROS release from mitochondria. Brain Res 2015; 1620:17-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Karumanchi DK, Karunaratne N, Lurio L, Dillon JP, Gaillard ER. Non-enzymatic glycation of α-crystallin as an in vitro model for aging, diabetes and degenerative diseases. Amino Acids 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Haslbeck M, Peschek J, Buchner J, Weinkauf S. Structure and function of α-crystallins: Traversing from in vitro to in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:149-66. [PMID: 26116912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The two α-crystallins (αA- and αB-crystallin) are major components of our eye lenses. Their key function there is to preserve lens transparency which is a challenging task as the protein turnover in the lens is low necessitating the stability and longevity of the constituent proteins. α-Crystallins are members of the small heat shock protein family. αB-crystallin is also expressed in other cell types. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW The review summarizes the current concepts on the polydisperse structure of the α-crystallin oligomer and its chaperone function with a focus on the inherent complexity and highlighting gaps between in vitro and in vivo studies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Both α-crystallins protect proteins from irreversible aggregation in a promiscuous manner. In maintaining eye lens transparency, they reduce the formation of light scattering particles and balance the interactions between lens crystallins. Important for these functions is their structural dynamics and heterogeneity as well as the regulation of these processes which we are beginning to understand. However, currently, it still remains elusive to which extent the in vitro observed properties of α-crystallins reflect the highly crowded situation in the lens. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Since α-crystallins play an important role in preventing cataract in the eye lens and in the development of diverse diseases, understanding their mechanism and substrate spectra is of importance. To bridge the gap between the concepts established in vitro and the in vivo function of α-crystallins, the joining of forces between different scientific disciplines and the combination of diverse techniques in hybrid approaches are necessary. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Crystallin Biochemistry in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Haslbeck
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Jirka Peschek
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany.
| | - Sevil Weinkauf
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany.
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Treweek TM, Meehan S, Ecroyd H, Carver JA. Small heat-shock proteins: important players in regulating cellular proteostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:429-451. [PMID: 25352169 PMCID: PMC11113218 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Small heat-shock proteins (sHsps) are a diverse family of intra-cellular molecular chaperone proteins that play a critical role in mitigating and preventing protein aggregation under stress conditions such as elevated temperature, oxidation and infection. In doing so, they assist in the maintenance of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) thereby avoiding the deleterious effects that result from loss of protein function and/or protein aggregation. The chaperone properties of sHsps are therefore employed extensively in many tissues to prevent the development of diseases associated with protein aggregation. Significant progress has been made of late in understanding the structure and chaperone mechanism of sHsps. In this review, we discuss some of these advances, with a focus on mammalian sHsp hetero-oligomerisation, the mechanism by which sHsps act as molecular chaperones to prevent both amorphous and fibrillar protein aggregation, and the role of post-translational modifications in sHsp chaperone function, particularly in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Treweek
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Sarah Meehan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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Arrigo AP, Ducarouge B, Lavial F, Gibert B. Immense Cellular Implications Associated to Small Stress Proteins Expression: Impacts on Human Pathologies. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16077-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Lens Development and Crystallin Gene Expression. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 134:129-67. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lu SY, Kumar Reddy DN, Huang FY. The Chaperone-like Activity and Structure of Mutant H119G of Rat Lens αB-crystallin: A Study of Divalent Metal Ion Binding Site. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201400032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ma L, Parkhurst A, Jeffery WR. The role of a lens survival pathway including sox2 and αA-crystallin in the evolution of cavefish eye degeneration. EvoDevo 2014; 5:28. [PMID: 25210614 PMCID: PMC4160140 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9139-5-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The teleost Astyanax mexicanus is a single species consisting of eyed surface-dwelling (surface fish) and blind cave-dwelling (cavefish) morphs. Cavefish eyes are lost through apoptosis of the lens, which in turn promotes the degeneration of other optic tissues. The αA-crystallin (αA-crys) gene is strongly downregulated in the cavefish lens and is located in a genomic region (QTL) responsible for eye loss. Therefore, αA-crys has been proposed as a candidate for regulating cavefish eye degeneration. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of αA-crys downregulation and its role in cavefish eye degeneration. RESULTS The involvement of αA-crys in eye degeneration was confirmed by knocking down its expression in surface fish, which led to apoptosis of the lens. The underlying reason for αA-crys downregulation in cavefish was investigated by comparing genomic αA-crys DNA sequences in surface fish and cavefish, however, no obvious cis-regulatory factors were discovered. Furthermore, the cavefish αA-crys allele is expressed in surface fish x cavefish F1 hybrids, indicating that evolutionary changes in upstream genes are most likely responsible for αA-crys downregulation. In other species, Sox2 is one of the transcription factors that regulate lens crystallin genes during eye development. Determination of sox2 expression patterns during surface fish and cavefish development showed that sox2 is specifically downregulated in the cavefish lens. The upstream regulatory function of Sox2 was demonstrated by knockdown in surface fish, which abolished αA-crys expression and induced lens apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that αA-crys is required for normal eye development in cavefish via suppression of lens apoptosis. The regulatory changes involved in αA-crys downregulation in cavefish are in trans-acting factors rather than cis-acting mutations in the αA-crys gene. Therefore, αA-crys is unlikely to be the mutated gene(s) associated with an Astyanax eye QTL. The results reveal a genetic pathway leading from sox2 to αA-crys that is required for survival of the lens in Astyanax surface fish. Defects in this pathway may be involved in lens apoptosis and thus a cause of cavefish eye degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Amy Parkhurst
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - William R Jeffery
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Banerjee V, Das KP. Structure and functional properties of a multimeric protein αA-Crystallin adsorbed on silver nanoparticle surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:4775-4783. [PMID: 24694218 DOI: 10.1021/la5007007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Proteins adsorb onto a nanoparticle surface to form a protein-nanoparticle corona which becomes the identity of the nanoparticle in the cellular environment. Conformation of the protein at the interface influences the cellular uptake of the nanoparticle. Hence, interaction of proteins with nanomaterials is of special significance in the field of biotechnology. Adsorption of protein on the nanoparticle surface is a complex process that depends on the dielectric properties and pH of the medium, surface morphology and surface heterogeneity of the nanoparticle, and the quaternary structure of the protein. Thus, interaction of a large multimeric protein with a nanoparticle will be different from that of small oligomeric proteins. In this article we report the conformational and functional properties of a large oligomeric protein αA-Crystallin, a major constituent of the mammalian eye lens, adsorbed onto silver nanoparticle surface. Selective alkylation of the two cysteine residues at the α-Crystallin domain, followed by ITC study showed that these residues play crucial roles in the interaction process. The chaperone function and the refolding capacity of the protein, which is primarily governed by the α-Crystallin domain, are lost to a significant extent when adsorbed onto AgNP surface. The protein in the interface also shows loss of oligomerization that is linked to the biological activity of the protein. Nonetheless, the protein at bio-nano interface shows resistance to urea unfolding process as compared to protein in the solution phase. This might be due to the coordination of AgNP with two cysteine residues of β8 and β9 region of the α-Crystallin domain that imparts extra stability. The compactness in the structure of the adsorbed protein reduces the dynamics of the subunit exchange, which was confirmed by the FRET study. The secondary structure of αA-Crystallin bound to AgNP at substoichiometric ratio remained native-like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Bose Institute , 93/1 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700 009, West Bengal, India
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Posner M, Skiba J, Brown M, Liang JO, Nussbaum J, Prior H. Loss of the small heat shock protein αA-crystallin does not lead to detectable defects in early zebrafish lens development. Exp Eye Res 2013; 116:227-33. [PMID: 24076322 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alpha crystallins are small heat shock proteins essential to normal ocular lens function. They also help maintain homeostasis in many non-ocular vertebrate tissues and their expression levels change in multiple diseases of the nervous and cardiovascular system and during cancer. The specific roles that α-crystallins may play in eye development are unclear. Studies with knockout mice suggested that only one of the two mammalian α-crystallins is required for normal early lens development. However, studies in two fish species suggested that reduction of αA-crystallin alone could inhibit normal fiber cell differentiation, cause cataract and contribute to lens degeneration. In this study we used synthetic antisense morpholino oligomers to suppress the expression of zebrafish αA-crystallin to directly test the hypothesis that, unlike mammals, the zebrafish requires αA-crystallin for normal early lens development. Despite the reduction of zebrafish αA-crystallin protein to undetectable levels by western analysis through 4 days of development we found no changes in fiber cell differentiation, lens morphology or transparency. In contrast, suppression of AQP0a expression, previously shown to cause lens cataract, produced irregularly shaped lenses, delay in fiber cell differentiation and lens opacities detectable by confocal microscopy. The normal development observed in αA-crystallin deficient zebrafish embryos may reflect similarly non-essential roles for this protein in the early stages of both zebrafish and mammalian lens development. This finding has ramifications for a growing number of researchers taking advantage of the zebrafish's transparent external embryos to study vertebrate eye development. Our demonstration that lens cataracts can be visualized in three-dimensions by confocal microscopy in a living zebrafish provides a new tool for studying the causes, development and prevention of lens opacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason Posner
- Department of Biology, Ashland University, 401 College Avenue, Ashland, OH 44805, USA.
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Yan KM, Huang SH, Subhan D, Huang FY. Temperature Effects on Structural and Functional Properties of Rat Lens Phe71 Mutant αA-Crystallins. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200800147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Simon S, Dimitrova V, Gibert B, Virot S, Mounier N, Nivon M, Kretz-Remy C, Corset V, Mehlen P, Arrigo AP. Analysis of the dominant effects mediated by wild type or R120G mutant of αB-crystallin (HspB5) towards Hsp27 (HspB1). PLoS One 2013; 8:e70545. [PMID: 23950959 PMCID: PMC3741289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several human small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are phosphorylated oligomeric chaperones that enhance stress resistance. They are characterized by their ability to interact and form polydispersed hetero-oligomeric complexes. We have analyzed the cellular consequences of the stable expression of either wild type HspB5 or its cataracts and myopathies inducing R120G mutant in growing and oxidative stress treated HeLa cells that originally express only HspB1. Here, we describe that wild type and mutant HspB5 induce drastic and opposite effects on cell morphology and oxidative stress resistance. The cellular distribution and phosphorylation of these polypeptides as well as the oligomerization profile of the resulting hetero-oligomeric complexes formed by HspB1 with the two types of exogenous polypeptides revealed the dominant effects induced by HspB5 polypeptides towards HspB1. The R120G mutation enhanced the native size and salt resistance of HspB1-HspB5 complex. However, in oxidative conditions the interaction between HspB1 and mutant HspB5 was drastically modified resulting in the aggregation of both partners. The mutation also induced the redistribution of HspB1 phosphorylated at serine 15, originally observed at the level of the small oligomers that do not interact with wild type HspB5, to the large oligomeric complex formed with mutant HspB5. This phosphorylation stabilized the interaction of HspB1 with mutant HspB5. A dominant negative effect towards HspB1 appears therefore as an important event in the cellular sensitivity to oxidative stress mediated by mutated HspB5 expression. These observations provide novel data that describe how a mutated sHsp can alter the protective activity of another member of this family of chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Simon
- Hôpital Henri Mondor University, Créteil, France
- CGphiMC, CNRS UMR 5534, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Valeriya Dimitrova
- Department of Clinical Research, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Insel Spital, Institute of Pathology, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland
- CGphiMC, CNRS UMR 5534, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Benjamin Gibert
- CGphiMC, CNRS UMR 5534, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Apoptosis Cancer and Development Laboratory, Lyon Cancer Research Center, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Virot
- CGphiMC, CNRS UMR 5534, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicole Mounier
- CGphiMC, CNRS UMR 5534, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mathieu Nivon
- CGphiMC, CNRS UMR 5534, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Carole Kretz-Remy
- CGphiMC, CNRS UMR 5534, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Véronique Corset
- Apoptosis Cancer and Development Laboratory, Lyon Cancer Research Center, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis Cancer and Development Laboratory, Lyon Cancer Research Center, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - André-Patrick Arrigo
- CGphiMC, CNRS UMR 5534, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Apoptosis Cancer and Development Laboratory, Lyon Cancer Research Center, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
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Lu SY, Huang FY. Effects of Divalent Metal Ions on the Chaperone Activity and Structure of Rat Lens H18G Mutant αB-Crystallin. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201300110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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48
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Crystallins in retinal ganglion cell survival and regeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:819-28. [PMID: 23709342 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Crystallins are heterogeneous proteins classified into alpha, beta, and gamma families. Although crystallins were first identified as the major structural components of the ocular lens with a principal function to maintain lens transparency, further studies have demonstrated the expression of these proteins in a wide variety of tissues and cell types. Alpha crystallins (alpha A and alpha B) share significant homology with small heat shock proteins and have chaperone-like properties, including the ability to bind and prevent the precipitation of denatured proteins and to increase cellular resistance to stress-induced apoptosis. Stress-induced upregulation of crystallin expression is a commonly observed phenomenon and viewed as a cellular response mechanism against environmental and metabolic insults. However, several studies reported downregulation of crystallin gene expression in various models of glaucomatous nerodegeneration suggesting that that the decreased levels of crystallins may affect the survival properties of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and thus, be associated with their degeneration. This hypothesis was corroborated by increased survival of axotomized RGCs in retinas overexpressing alpha A or alpha B crystallins. In addition to RGC protective functions of alpha crystallins, beta and gamma crystallins were implicated in RGC axonal regeneration. These findings demonstrate the importance of crystallin genes in RGC survival and regeneration and further in-depth studies are necessary to better understand the mechanisms underlying the functions of these proteins in healthy RGCs as well as during glaucomatous neurodegeneration, which in turn could help in designing new therapeutic strategies to preserve or regenerate these cells.
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Arrigo AP, Gibert B. Protein interactomes of three stress inducible small heat shock proteins: HspB1, HspB5 and HspB8. Int J Hyperthermia 2013; 29:409-22. [DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2013.792956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Nahomi RB, Wang B, Raghavan CT, Voss O, Doseff AI, Santhoshkumar P, Nagaraj RH. Chaperone peptides of α-crystallin inhibit epithelial cell apoptosis, protein insolubilization, and opacification in experimental cataracts. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:13022-35. [PMID: 23508955 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.440214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Crystallin is a member of the small heat-shock protein (sHSP) family and consists of two subunits, αA and αB. Both αA- and αB-crystallin act as chaperones and anti-apoptotic proteins. Previous studies have identified the peptide (70)KFVIFLDVKHFSPEDLTVK(88) in αA-crystallin and the peptide (73)DRFSVNLDVKHFSPEELKVK(92) in αB-crystallin as mini-chaperones. In the human lens, lysine 70 (Lys(70)) of αA and Lys(92) of αB (in the mini-chaperone sequences) are acetylated. In this study, we investigated the cellular effects of the unmodified and acetyl mini-chaperones. The αA- and αB-crystallin peptides inhibited stress-induced aggregation of four client proteins, and the αA-acetyl peptide was more effective than the native peptide against three of the client proteins. Both the acetyl and native crystallin peptides inhibited stress-induced apoptosis in two mammalian cell types, and this property was directly related to the inhibition of cytochrome c release from mitochondria and the activity of caspase-3 and -9. In organ-cultured rat lenses, the peptides inhibited calcimycin-induced epithelial cell apoptosis. Intraperitoneal injection of the peptides inhibited cataract development in selenite-treated rats, which was accompanied by inhibition of oxidative stress, protein insolubilization, and caspase activity in the lens. These inhibitory effects were more pronounced for acetyl peptides than native peptides. A scrambled αA-crystallin peptide produced no such effects. The results suggest that the α-crystallin chaperone peptides could be used as therapeutic agents to treat cataracts and diseases in which protein aggregation and apoptosis are contributing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rooban B Nahomi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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