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Krabbe J, Esser A, Kanzler S, Braunschweig T, Kintsler S, Spillner J, Schröder T, Kalverkamp S, Balakirski G, Gerhards B, Rieg AD, Kraus T, Brand P, Martin C. The effects of zinc- and copper-containing welding fumes on murine, rat and human precision-cut lung slices. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 49:192-201. [PMID: 29551464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the pro-inflammatory effects of metal inert gas brazing welding fumes containing zinc and copper have been demonstrated in humans. Here, murine, rat and human precision cut lung slices (PCLS) were incubated in welding fume containing media with 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/ml for 24 or 48 h. 24 h incubation were determined either by incubation for the total time or for only 6 h followed by a 18 h post-incubation phase. Cytotoxicity, proliferation and DNA repair rates, and cytokine levels were determined. Welding fume particle concentrations of 0.1 and 1 μg/ml showed no toxic effects on PCLS of all three species, while for 10 and 100 μg/ml a concentration-dependent toxicity occurred. Proliferation and DNA repair rates were reduced for all tested concentrations and incubation times. Additionally, the cytokine levels in the supernatants were markedly reduced, while after 6 h of exposure with 18 h of post-incubation time a trend towards increased cytokine levels occurred. PCLS are a reliable and feasible method to assess and offer a prediction of toxic effects of welding fume particles on human lungs. Rat PCLS showed similar responses compared to human PCLS and are suitable for further evaluation of toxic effects exerted by welding fume particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krabbe
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - André Esser
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kanzler
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Braunschweig
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Svetlana Kintsler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Spillner
- Departement of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schröder
- Department of Surgery, Luisenhospital Aachen, Boxgraben 99, 52064 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kalverkamp
- Departement of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Galina Balakirski
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Departement of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Gerhards
- ISF- Welding and Joining Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Pontstraße 49, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Annette D Rieg
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Brand
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Martin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Zhang JK, Morrison TK, Falk MC, Kang YH, Lee CH. Characterization of the binding of soluble CD14 to human endothelial cells and mechanism for CD14-dependent cell activation by LPS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/096805199600300404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The binding of soluble CD14 (sCD14) to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was examined in order to understand the role of CD14 in potentiating LPS activity. Both purified sCD14 and [125I]-sCD14 potentiated LPS-stimulated ICAM-1 expression in HUVEC. This potentiation was blocked by anti-CD14 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 63D3, UCHM-1 and RM052. Saturation binding assay revealed that [125I]-sCD14 bound to HUVEC with a ligand-acceptor dissociation constant of 290 nM. The binding of [125 I]-sCD14 was inhibited by sCD14 with a sCD14-acceptor dissociation constant of 24 nM. The density of CD14 acceptors was estimated to be 4-8 x 105 sites per cell. The [125I]-sCD14 binding was inhibited by anti-human CD14 mAbs UCHM-1 and RM052 but not 63D3. The bound [125I]-sCD14 could be washed off by acid buffer, pH 3.0, and its localization on the cell membrane was confirmed by light microscopic autoradiography. Based on the previously published description of LPS-sCD14 interactions and our observation that anti-CD14 mAbs inhibiting sCD14-acceptor binding also blocked the potentiation of LPS activity by sCD14, we propose that bridging or crosslinking between the putative LPS-receptor complex with the sCD14-acceptor complex via LPS-sCD14 interactions is the mechanism of CD14-dependent activation of endothelial cells (EC) by LPS. Re-examination of the published data suggests that this mechanism is a universal one for EC, leukocytes and lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Kui Zhang
- Septic Shock Research Program and Pathobiology Branch, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy K. Morrison
- Septic Shock Research Program and Pathobiology Branch, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael C. Falk
- Septic Shock Research Program and Pathobiology Branch, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuan-Hsu Kang
- Septic Shock Research Program and Pathobiology Branch, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Che-Hung Lee
- Septic Shock Research Program and Pathobiology Branch, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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3
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Magnusdottir A, Vidarsson H, Björnsson JM, Örvar BL. Barley grains for the production of endotoxin-free growth factors. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:572-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Rahman H, Qasim M, Schultze FC, Oellerich M, R Asif A. Fetal calf serum heat inactivation and lipopolysaccharide contamination influence the human T lymphoblast proteome and phosphoproteome. Proteome Sci 2011; 9:71. [PMID: 22085958 PMCID: PMC3280938 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-9-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of fetal calf serum (FCS) heat inactivation and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contamination on cell physiology have been studied, but their effect on the proteome of cultured cells has yet to be described. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of heat inactivation of FCS and LPS contamination on the human T lymphoblast proteome. Human T lymphoblastic leukaemia (CCRF-CEM) cells were grown in FCS, either non-heated, or heat inactivated, having low (< 1 EU/mL) or regular (< 30 EU/mL) LPS concentrations. Protein lysates were resolved by 2-DE followed by phospho-specific and silver nitrate staining. Differentially regulated spots were identified by nano LC ESI Q-TOF MS/MS analysis. RESULTS A total of four proteins (EIF3M, PRS7, PSB4, and SNAPA) were up-regulated when CCRF-CEM cells were grown in media supplemented with heat inactivated FCS (HE) as compared to cells grown in media with non-heated FCS (NHE). Six proteins (TCPD, ACTA, NACA, TCTP, ACTB, and ICLN) displayed a differential phosphorylation pattern between the NHE and HE groups. Compared to the low concentration LPS group, regular levels of LPS resulted in the up-regulation of three proteins (SYBF, QCR1, and SUCB1). CONCLUSION The present study provides new information regarding the effect of FCS heat inactivation and change in FCS-LPS concentration on cellular protein expression, and post-translational modification in human T lymphoblasts. Both heat inactivation and LPS contamination of FCS were shown to modulate the expression and phosphorylation of proteins involved in basic cellular functions, such as protein synthesis, cytoskeleton stability, oxidative stress regulation and apoptosis. Hence, the study emphasizes the need to consider both heat inactivation and LPS contamination of FCS as factors that can influence the T lymphoblast proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazir Rahman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Centre, Goettingen, Germany.
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Vorobeva EV, Krasikova IN, Solov'eva TF. Influence of lipopolysaccharides and lipids A from some marine bacteria on spontaneous and Escherichia coli LPS-induced TNF-alpha release from peripheral human blood cells. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2006; 71:759-66. [PMID: 16903830 DOI: 10.1134/s000629790607008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Some endotoxic properties of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and lipids A (LA) from the marine bacteria Marinomonas communis ATCC 27118(T), Marinomonas mediterranea ATCC 700492(T), and Chryseobacterium indoltheticum CIP 103168(T) were studied. The preparations tested were shown to have high 50% lethal doses (4 microg per mouse for LPS from M. mediterranea and more than 12 microg per mouse for two other LPS and LA from C. indoltheticum) and were moderate (371 +/- 37 pg/ml at 10 microg/ml of C. indoltheticum LPS), weak (148 +/- 5 pg/ml at 1 microg/ml of M. mediterranea LPS), and zero (LA and LPS from M. communis and LA from C. indoltheticum) inducers of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) release from peripheral human blood cells. The capacity of the LA and LPS samples from marine bacteria to inhibit TNF-alpha release induced by LPS from Escherichia coli O55 : B5 (10 ng/ml) was also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Vorobeva
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia.
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6
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Safieh-Garabedian B, Mouneimne GM, El-Jouni W, Khattar M, Talhouk R. The effect of endotoxin on functional parameters of mammary CID-9 cells. Reproduction 2004; 127:397-406. [PMID: 15016959 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effect of endotoxin on mammary CID-9 cells, which differentiate in culture and express beta-casein, was investigated. Cells in culture supplemented with lactogenic hormones and dripped with EMS-Matrix (EMS-drip), were treated daily with endotoxin (0.5-500 microg/ml). Endotoxin at concentrations of less or equal to 10 microg/ml did not affect cell growth and viability up to 5 days post endotoxin treatment. Endotoxin (0.01-10 microg/ml) was added to the culture medium, upon confluence, and functional parameters were examined within 48 h post endotoxin treatment. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) (p52) increased in nuclear extracts from endotoxin-stimulated cells within 1 h of treatment, while beta-casein mRNA and protein expression decreased in a concentration-dependent manner at 24 and 48 h post treatment. Zymography showed that the 72 and 92 kDa gelatinase activity increased in cells at 24 and 48 h post endotoxin treatment at 10 and 50 microg/ml. At the latter concentration, the active form of 72 kDa gelatinase was induced at 48 h. Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels increased at 1-3 h post endotoxin treatment and peaked at 6 h in cells on plastic and EHS-drip. Nerve growth factor (NGF) levels increased in control and endotoxin-treated cells in a time-dependent manner, and endotoxin increased NGF levels in culture at 6 and 9 h post endotoxin treatment. This study shows that endotoxin activated NF-kappaB, suppressed beta-casein expression and upregulated gelatinases, cytokines and NGF. This model could be used to investigate the role of mammary cells in initiating and propagating inflammation and to test candidate molecules for potential anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Safieh-Garabedian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, PO Box 11-0236, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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7
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Fujihara SM, Cleaveland JS, Grosmaire LS, Berry KK, Kennedy KA, Blake JJ, Loy J, Rankin BM, Ledbetter JA, Nadler SG. A D-amino acid peptide inhibitor of NF-kappa B nuclear localization is efficacious in models of inflammatory disease. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:1004-12. [PMID: 10878377 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.2.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-kappa B regulates many genes involved in proinflammatory and immune responses. The transport of NF-kappa B into the nucleus is essential for its biologic activity. We describe a novel, potent, and selective NF-kappa B inhibitor composed of a cell-permeable peptide carrying two nuclear localization sequences (NLS). This peptide blocks NF-kappa B nuclear localization, resulting in inhibition of cell surface protein expression, cytokine production, and T cell proliferation. The peptide is efficacious in vivo in a mouse septic shock model as well as a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease, demonstrating that NF-kappa B nuclear import plays a role in these acute inflammatory disease models.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- Cytokines/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/biosynthesis
- Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Nuclear Localization Signals/drug effects
- Peptides/administration & dosage
- Peptides/chemical synthesis
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/biosynthesis
- Shock, Septic/immunology
- Shock, Septic/metabolism
- Shock, Septic/pathology
- Shock, Septic/prevention & control
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Fujihara
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
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8
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Garrett TA, Rosser MF, Raetz CR. Signal transduction triggered by lipid A-like molecules in 70Z/3 pre-B lymphocyte tumor cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1437:246-56. [PMID: 10064907 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-1981(99)00014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The lipid A (endotoxin) moiety of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) elicits rapid cellular responses from many cell types, including macrophages, lymphocytes, and monocytes. In CD14 transfected 70Z/3 pre-B lymphocyte tumor cells, these responses include activation of the MAP kinase homolog, p38, activation of NF-kappaB, and transcription of kappa light chains, leading to the assembly of surface IgM. In this work, we explored the specificity of the response with regard to lipid structure, and the requirement for p38 kinase activity prior to NF-kappaB activation in control and CD14 transfected 70Z/3 (CD14-70Z/3) cells. A p38-specific inhibitor, SB203580, was used to block p38 kinase activity in cells. CD14-70Z/3 cells were incubated with 1-50 microM SB203580, and then stimulated with LPS. Nuclear extracts were prepared, and NF-kappaB activation was measured using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. SB203580 did not inhibit LPS induced NF-kappaB activation. In addition, LPS failed to activate p38 tyrosine phosphorylation in 70Z/3 cells lacking CD14, in spite of rapid NF-kappaB activation and robust surface IgM production with appropriate higher doses of LPS. LPS stimulation of p38 phosphorylation, NF-kappaB activation, and surface IgM expression were all blocked completely by lipid A-like endotoxin antagonists whether or not CD14 was present. Acidic glycerophospholipids and ceramides did not mimic lipid A-like molecules either as agonists or antagonists in this system. Our data support the hypothesis that lipid A-mediated activation of cells requires stimulation of a putative lipid A sensor that is downstream of CD14, but upstream of p38 and NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Garrett
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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9
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Perera PY, Qureshi N, Christ WJ, Stütz P, Vogel SN. Lipopolysaccharide and its analog antagonists display differential serum factor dependencies for induction of cytokine genes in murine macrophages. Infect Immun 1998; 66:2562-9. [PMID: 9596717 PMCID: PMC108239 DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.6.2562-2569.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/1997] [Accepted: 03/13/1998] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes/macrophages play a central role in mediating the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from gram-negative bacteria by the production of proinflammatory mediators. Recently, it was shown that the expression of cytokine genes for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) by murine macrophages in response to low concentrations of LPS is entirely CD14 dependent. In this report, we show that murine macrophages respond to low concentrations of LPS (=2 ng/ml) in the complete absence of serum, leading to the induction of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta genes. In contrast to the TNF-alpha and IL-1beta genes, the IP-10 gene is poorly induced in the absence of serum. The addition of recombinant human soluble CD14 (rsCD14) had very little effect on the levels of serum-free, LPS-induced TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IP-10 genes. In contrast, the addition of recombinant human LPS-binding protein (rLBP) had opposing effects on the LPS-induced TNF-alpha or IL-1beta and IP-10 genes. rLBP inhibited LPS-induced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta genes, while it reconstituted IP-10 gene expression to levels induced in the presence of serum. These results provide further evidence that the induction of TNF-alpha or IL-1beta genes occurs via a pathway that is distinct from one that leads to the induction of the IP-10 gene and that the pathways diverge at the level of the initial interaction between LPS and cellular CD14. Additionally, the results presented here indicate that LPS structural analog antagonists Rhodobacter sphaeroides diphosphoryl lipid A and SDZ 880. 431 are able to inhibit LPS-induced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in the absence of serum, while a synthetic analog of Rhodobacter capsulatus lipid A (B 975) requires both rsCD14 and rLBP to function as an inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Perera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799, USA
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10
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Norgard MV, Arndt LL, Akins DR, Curetty LL, Harrich DA, Radolf JD. Activation of human monocytic cells by Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins and synthetic lipopeptides proceeds via a pathway distinct from that of lipopolysaccharide but involves the transcriptional activator NF-kappa B. Infect Immun 1996; 64:3845-52. [PMID: 8751937 PMCID: PMC174301 DOI: 10.1128/iai.64.9.3845-3852.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that lipoproteins of Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi are key inflammatory mediators during syphilis and Lyme disease. A principal objective of the present study was to identify more precisely similarities and divergences among lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and lipoprotein-lipopeptide-induced immune cell signaling events. Like LPS, purified native B. burgdorferi OspA and synthetic analogs of OspA, OspB, and two T. pallidum lipoproteins (Tpp47 and Tpp17) all induced NF-kappa B translocation in THP-1 human monocytoid cells. Acylation of OspA and the synthetic peptides was requisite for cell activation. Polymyxin B abrogated only the response to LPS. By using 70Z/3-derived pre-B-cell lines either lacking or expressing human CD14 (the LPS receptor), it was observed that expression of human CD14 imparted responsiveness to LPS but not to OspA or spirochetal lipopeptides (assessed by induction of NF-kappa B and expression of surface immunoglobulin M). Finally, the biological relevance of the observation that T. pallidum lipoproteins-lipopeptides induce both NF-kappa B and cytokine production in monocytes was supported by the ability of the synthetic analogs to promote human immunodeficiency virus replication in chronically infected U1 monocytoid cells; these observations also suggest a potential mechanism whereby a syphilitic chancre can serve as a cofactor for human immunodeficiency virus transmission. The combined data lend additional support to the proposal that spirochetal lipoproteins and LPS initiate monocyte activation via different cell surface events but that the signaling pathways ultimately converge to produce qualitatively similar cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Norgard
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235, USA
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11
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Kawai Y, Takasuka N, Akagawa K, Naito S. Hypothermic response of mice to ornithine-containing lipids and to endotoxin. Infect Immun 1996; 64:2101-5. [PMID: 8675313 PMCID: PMC174042 DOI: 10.1128/iai.64.6.2101-2105.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothermic response of mice to ornithine-containing lipids (Orn-Ls) of the form alpha-N-(3-acyloxyacyl)-ornithine and to endotoxin (Escherichia coli 0111:B4 lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) was studied. After the administration of Orn-L or LPS to C3H/HeSlc mice, body temperature decreases were determined at 30-min intervals by inserting a thermistor into the rectum of each mouse. When Orn-L (750 microg) or LPS (70 microg) was injected into the mice, body temperature decreases of 0.8 and 2.0 degrees C, respectively, occurred 1.8 to 2.0 h later. These body temperature decreases were completely suppressed by the preadministration of indomethacin. When anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) antibody was administered before the administration of Orn-L or LPS, only the body temperature decrease by LPS was suppressed. The body temperature decrease by Orn-L was suppressed by anti-interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) antibody preadministration. Next, in order to study IL-1beta and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in macrophages, peritoneal macrophages were collected 40 min after the administration of Orn-L or LPS to mice. The expression of IL-1beta mRNA by stimulation with Orn-L was as strong as that by stimulation with LPS, but the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA by stimulation with Orn-L was very weak. Our previous studies of in vitro macrophage activation by Orn-L proved that strong induction of IL-1 and prostaglandin E2 generation by Orn-L occurred (Y. Kawai and K. Akagawa, Infect. Immun. 57:2086-2091, 1989). From these experiments, the weak body temperature decrease in mice caused by Orn-L was found to be mediated by cytokines different from those which mediate the strong body temperature decrease caused by LPS. Namely, it was caused by prostaglandin E2 being mediated by IL-1 but not by TNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kawai
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Health, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Cohen LY, Courtois G, Parant MA. Differentiation of murine pre-B cell line by an adjuvant muramyl peptide via NF-kappa B activation. Immunobiology 1995; 193:363-77. [PMID: 8522354 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-2985(11)80424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) induces NF-kappa B activation in the murine pre-B cell line 70Z/3, increases the expression of surface immunoglobulins, and potentiates the response to other inducers such as LPS or IL-1. In the present study we investigated whether NF-kappa B activation was related to the MDP-stimulated immunoglobulin expression. In a gel shift assay our results confirmed that MDP but not MDP(D,D), an adjuvant-inactive stereoisomer, could induce a kappa B-binding activity in 70Z/3 cells. The LPS or IL-1 induced NF-kappa B binding activity was increased in the presence of MDP but not of MDP(D,D). A mutant of the cell line called 1.3E2, defective in NF-kappa B activations by LPS, did not respond to MDP. The enhanced surface immunoglobulin expression induced in the wild type 70Z/3 cells by MDP alone or combined to LPS, IL-1 or IFN gamma was not obtained in this variant. The ability of various treatments to activate the kappa gene enhancer was quantitatively evaluated in cells transfected with a kappa-enhancer-luciferase expression plasmid. Treatment of transfected 70Z/3 cells with MDP resulted in a dose-dependent enhancement of luciferase activity, an additive effect to that induced by LPS or IL-1. Treatment of the defective variant transfected with the same construct did not result in luciferase expression after stimulation with the various agents. The transient transfection assays were used to compare the effectiveness of some MDP analogs. Two adjuvant-active compounds unable to enhance kappa light chain expression did not increase the basal response in the transfected 70Z/3 cells, indicating that NF-kappa B activation was not related to the adjuvant potency of MDP but correlated with the kappa induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Cohen
- Laboratory for Immunological Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
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13
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Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent and pleiotropic stimulus of immune cells. LPS has important clinical relevance because it has a direct role in the pathogenesis of Gram-negative bacterial infection. The lipid A moiety of LPS is responsible for the toxic effects of LPS. The identification of structural analogs and precursors of lipid A, which are apparently competitive antagonists of the biological actions of LPS, is strong evidence that the actions of LPS are mediated by a specific LPS receptor or family of receptors. Identification and analysis of these LPS receptors with LPS antagonists should help to define the pathways of cellular activation by LPS and lead to the development of novel anti-LPS strategies in the therapy of bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Lynn
- Dept of Medicine, Maxwell Finland Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Boston City Hospital, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118
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14
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Zuckerman SH, Qureshi N. In vivo inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced lethality and tumor necrosis factor synthesis by Rhodobacter sphaeroides diphosphoryl lipid A is dependent on corticosterone induction. Infect Immun 1992; 60:2581-7. [PMID: 1612727 PMCID: PMC257206 DOI: 10.1128/iai.60.7.2581-2587.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diphosphoryl lipid A from the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides (Rs-DPLA) has been demonstrated to block in mice and guinea pigs the increase in the serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) response induced by highly purified deep rough chemotype LPS from Escherichia coli D31m4 (ReLPS). The present study was designed to determine the role of corticosterone induction by Rs-DPLA and its effect on TNF regulation and survival in lethal endotoxin shock models and to evaluate the ability of Rs-DPLA to induce endotoxin tolerance. Administration of a 100-fold excess of Rs-DPLA 1 h prior to ReLPS administration inhibited the characteristic peak in serum TNF levels induced by LPS. Inhibition was apparent in normal and D-galactosamine (GalN)-sensitized mice and occurred at the pretranslational level, as splenic TNF and interleukin-1 beta mRNAs were present in lower amounts in LPS-stimulated mice pretreated with Rs-DPLA. Consistent with its effects in reducing serum TNF levels, Rs-DPLA pretreatment protected GalN-sensitized mice from a lethal ReLPS challenge. In contrast, Rs-DPLA did not inhibit the increase in the serum TNF response or protect against a lethal ReLPS challenge in parallel experiments with adrenalectomized (Adrex) mice, for which the 50% lethal dose of ReLPS was comparable to that for GalN-sensitized mice. Furthermore, Rs-DPLA appeared to prime Adrex animals and increase the magnitude of the serum TNF response to a suboptimal LPS stimulus. Priming by Rs-DPLA, however, was not observed in normal or GalN-sensitized mice. Although Rs-DPLA by itself was nontoxic and unable to elevate serum TNF levels in any of the models investigated, it did induce a significant increase in the serum corticosterone response and was capable of inducing endotoxin tolerance in normal mice. The inability of Rs-DPLA to protect Adrex mice from a lethal ReLPS stimulus or to inhibit the increase in the serum TNF response suggests that the protective effect of Rs-DPLA in normal or GalN-sensitized animals occurs through corticosterone induction. These results support the concept that endogenous glucocorticoids can modulate the endotoxic effects of LPS by inhibiting the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Zuckerman
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
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Hampton RY, Raetz CR. Lipid A 4'-kinase from Escherichia coli: enzyme assay and preparation of 4'-32P-labeled probes of high specific radioactivity. Methods Enzymol 1992; 209:466-75. [PMID: 1323052 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(92)09057-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Golenbock D, Hampton R, Qureshi N, Takayama K, Raetz C. Lipid A-like molecules that antagonize the effects of endotoxins on human monocytes. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Kawai Y, Kaneda K, Morisawa Y, Akagawa K. Protection of mice from lethal endotoxemia by use of an ornithine-containing lipid or a serine-containing lipid. Infect Immun 1991; 59:2560-6. [PMID: 1906840 PMCID: PMC258056 DOI: 10.1128/iai.59.8.2560-2566.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of an ornithine-containing lipid [alpha-N-(3-acyloxyacyl)-ornithine (Orn-L)] or a serine-containing lipid [alpha-N-(3-acyloxyacyl)-serine (Ser-L)] from Flavobacterium meningosepticum on lethal endotoxemia in mice were examined. When 500 micrograms of Orn-L was intravenously administered 1 h before intravenous administration of a lethal dose of endotoxin, none of the mice died. The protective effect of Ser-L was weaker than that of Orn-L. Light and electron microscopic studies demonstrated that necrosis of hepatocytes caused by endotoxin was prevented by pretreatment with Orn-L. Furthermore, Kupffer cells were activated morphologically 1 h after the administration of Orn-L or Ser-L, and the liposomes of the lipoamino acids were incorporated into phagolysosomes in activated Kupffer cells. The activity of tumor necrosis factor in sera of endotoxin-treated mice was decreased markedly by pretreatment of mice with Orn-L. In vitro, the lipoamino acids suppressed endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis factor generation but did not suppress tumor necrosis factor generation induced by zymosan and whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus. These results suggested that Orn-L and Ser-L can be used as specific blocking agents against endotoxin. The blocking mechanism may be antagonistic, because of the structural similarities between the lipoamino acids and endotoxin lipid A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kawai
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Health, Japan
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Diphosphoryl lipid A obtained from the nontoxic lipopolysaccharide of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides is an endotoxin antagonist in mice. Infect Immun 1991; 59:441-4. [PMID: 1987057 PMCID: PMC257761 DOI: 10.1128/iai.59.1.441-444.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diphosphoryl lipid A (DPLA) obtained from the nontoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides ATCC 17023 did not induce interleukin-1 release by murine peritoneal macrophages. However, it blocked this induction by toxic deep-rough chemotype LPS (ReLPS) from Escherichia coli D31m4. Previously, we obtained similar results on the induction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by macrophages. These results showed that DPLA is able to block in vitro the induction of two important mediators of gram-negative bacterial sepsis. We then wanted to determine whether DPLA could also block the induction of TNF by LPS in animals. Mice were treated with 100 micrograms of R. sphaeroides DPLA and challenged 60 min later with 1.0 micrograms of ReLPS from E. coli. The serum TNF level was measured after 60 min. Treatment of mice with this DPLA blocked the rapid and transient rise of TNF caused by ReLPS. This result suggested that R. sphaeroides DPLA might be able to protect animals against endotoxin shock caused by gram-negative bacterial infection.
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Kawai Y, Akagawa K. Macrophage activation by an ornithine-containing lipid or a serine-containing lipid. Infect Immun 1989; 57:2086-91. [PMID: 2499544 PMCID: PMC313845 DOI: 10.1128/iai.57.7.2086-2091.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
alpha-N-(3-Acyloxyacyl)-ornithine (or -serine) is the structure of lipoamino acids obtained by us previously from some gram-negative bacteria (Y. Kawai and I. Yano, Eur. J. Biochem. 136:531-538, 1983; Y. Kawai, I. Yano, and K. Kaneda, Eur. J. Biochem. 171:73-80, 1988; Y. Kawai, I. Yano, K. Kaneda, and E. Yabuuchi, Eur. J. Biochem. 175:633-641, 1988). The 3-acyloxyacylamide structure is present in both the lipoamino acids and lipid A of lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin). The efficacy of lipoamino acids (an ornithine-containing lipid and a serine-containing lipid) in activating C3H/HeSlc mouse peritoneal exudate macrophages was compared with that of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, because the two types of substances were expected to exhibit similar biological activities and physiological functions on the basis of their structural similarities. Actually, the lipoamino acids, as well as lipopolysaccharide, strongly activated the macrophages to generate the immunoregulatory substances prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-1, but their effect on the induction of L929 cell cytolytic factor (a possible tumor necrosis factor), another immunoregulatory substance, was weaker than that of lipopolysaccharide. The effect of lipoamino acids on the cytotoxicity of macrophages for EL-4 leukemia cells was very weak. However, all of these activities, as far as tested, were strongly enhanced by synergistic action with gamma interferon. Only the serine-containing lipid killed both C3H/HeSlc and C3H/HeJ macrophages to almost the same degree as endotoxin killed C3H/HeSlc macrophages. On the other hand, lethal toxicity for mice was not found with either the ornithine-containing lipid or the serine-containing lipid, even when 7 mg of compound was injected into a mouse. These studies suggest that the lipoamino acids are nontoxic characteristic immunoactivators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kawai
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan
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