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Mandal S, Richardson VJ, Banoub J, Church JG. Identification of myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic monophosphate by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry, a major constituent of EGF-stimulated phosphoinositide turnover in MDA 468 cells. Exp Cell Res 2002; 277:131-8. [PMID: 12083795 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2002.5549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) caused an increase in phosphoinositide (PI) turnover in MDA 468 cells. This EGF-stimulated effect was inhibited by the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor lavendustin A (LA). MDA 468 cells generated an atypical PI turnover profile. Examination and quantitation of the PI metabolite profile showed that even control cells produced a metabolite which was acid-labile and which formed about 60% of the total PI metabolites. By using the technique of electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, we were able to confirm the identity of this acid-labile metabolite through the specific fragmentation as compared with the standard. The precursor molecule fragmented into two distinct productions with molar masses identical to that of the standard myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic monophosphate (cInsP). Changes in the PI turnover profile could be accounted for by the alterations in myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic monophosphate generated in these cells. We thus conclude that, by some as-yet-unidentified mechanism, cyclic inositol monophosphate forms a major constituent of EGF-stimulated PI turnover in MDA 468 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Mandal
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratories, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada A1B 3V6
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2
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Sekar MC, Scott ED, Sambandam V, Berry RE. Demonstration of the presence of cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase in human urine. BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE 1997; 62:95-100. [PMID: 9367804 DOI: 10.1006/bmme.1997.2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase (cIPH), cleaves the cyclic bond of cyclic inositol monophosphate (cIP) to yield inositol monophosphate. In this communication, we demonstrate the presence of cIPH in human urine. cIPH was measured in the 24-h urine samples of both male and female hospital patients. cIPH released per day ranged from 0 to 243 units in men (n = 16) and from 15 to 346 units in women (n = 18). Release of cIPH activity was not related to renal function as measured by creatinine clearance. HPLC ion-exchange chromatography or HPLC gel filtration of ammonium sulfate precipitate yielded a distinct cIPH peak with an apparent molecular weight of 40 kDa on gel filtration. This is the first demonstration of the presence of this enzyme in human urine. The large variation (over 20-fold) in the excretion of this protein suggests that it may have physiological and/or pathological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Sekar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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3
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Perron B, Lewit-Bentley A, Geny B, Russo-Marie F. Can enzymatic activity, or otherwise, be inferred from structural studies of annexin III? J Biol Chem 1997; 272:11321-6. [PMID: 9111038 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.17.11321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexin III, a putative inositol (1,2)-phosphohydrolase, was co-crystallized with inositol 2-phosphate, the inhibitor of the reaction, and its structure was solved to 1.95 A resolution. No enzyme active site was observed in the structure. Assays for enzymatic activity were also negative. Search for annexin III-inositol phosphate interactions using the BIAcoreTM system revealed an affinity for inositol cyclic (1,2)-phosphate, suggesting annexin III may sequester the molecule in the cell. The BIAcoreTM system used with different phospholipids showed that annexin III displays specificity for phosphatidylethanolamine, but not for phosphatidylinositols. Interestingly, a molecule of ethanolamine was found bound to the protein in the crystal structure. Coupled with the fact that this is a particularly abundant phospholipid in granules specific to neutrophils, cells where annexin III is highly expressed, our finding could be pointing to a physiological role of annexin III.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Perron
- Institut Cochin de Génétique Moléculaire, U332 INSERM, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France
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4
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Sekar MC, Sambandam V, Grizzle WE, McDonald JM. Dissociation of cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase activity from annexin III. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:8295-9. [PMID: 8626524 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.14.8295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase is a phosphodiesterase that cleaves the cyclic bond of cyclic inositol monophosphate. In 1990, Ross et al. (Ross, T. S., Tait, J. F., and Majerus, P. W. (1990) Science 248, 605-607) purified this enzyme from human placenta and reported that cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase is identical to annexin III. Independent confirmation of this finding has not been provided. The relative distribution of annexin III and cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase activity in rat kidney and spleen indicated that annexin III can be dissociated from cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase activity. Rat spleen contains large quantities of annexin III, but has very little cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase activity. In contrast, rat kidney, one of the richest sources of cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase activity, possesses very little (immunohistochemistry) or no (Western blot) annexin III. Similar to cytosol of human placenta, cytosol of guinea pig kidney contains both annexin III and cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase. On SDS-gel electrophoresis, guinea pig kidney annexin III has a slightly different mobility than the human placental annexin III. Human placental annexin III co-migrates with cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase on ion exchange chromatography, while guinea pig kidney annexin III is clearly dissociated from cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase on ion exchange chromatography. Both guinea pig kidney annexin III and human placental annexin III pellet with the addition of calcium and centrifugation, while cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase activity in both of these tissues remains in the supernatant. Our studies clearly show that cyclic inositol phosphohydrolase and annexin III are two different proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Sekar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA
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5
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Friedman P, Haimovitz R, Markman O, Roberts MF, Shinitzky M. Conversion of lysophospholipids to cyclic lysophosphatidic acid by phospholipase D. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:953-7. [PMID: 8557710 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.2.953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D from Streptomyces chromofuscus hydrolyzes lysophosphatidylcholine or lysophosphatidylethanolamine in aqueous 1% Triton X-100 solution. In situ monitoring of this reaction by 31P NMR revealed the formation of cyclic lysophosphatidic acid (1-acyl 2,3-cyclic glycerophosphate) as an intermediate which was hydrolyzed further by the enzyme at a functionally distinct active site to lysophosphatidic acid (lyso-PA). Synthetic cyclic lyso-PA (1-octanoyl 2,3-cyclic glycerophosphate) was found to be stable in aqueous neutral solutions at room temperature. It was hydrolyzed by the bacterial phospholipase D to lyso-PA at a rate which was approximately 4-fold slower than the rate of formation of cyclic lyso-PA. The addition of 5-10 mM sodium vanadate could partially inhibit the ring opening reaction and thus increase substantially the cyclic lyso-PA accumulation. Cyclic lyso-PA may act as a dormant configuration of the physiologically active lyso-PA or may even possess specific activities which await verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Friedman
- Department of Membrane Research and Biophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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6
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Wongkajornsilp A, Rosenberry TL. Uptake of exogenous sn-1-acyl-2-lyso-phosphatidylinositol into HeLa S3 cells. Reacylation on the cell surface and metabolism to glucosaminyl(acyl)phosphatidylinositol. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:9147-53. [PMID: 7721829 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.16.9147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A HeLa S3 subline is unusual in accumulating relatively large amounts of glucosaminyl(acyl)phosphatidylinositol (GlcN(acyl)PI), a derivative of phosphatidylinositol (PI) in which both GlcN and a fatty acid are linked to inositol hydroxyl groups (D. Sevlever, D. Humphrey, and T.L. Rosenberry, submitted for publication). This lipid is a proposed intermediate on the biosynthetic pathway for glycosyl-PI (GPI) anchors of membrane proteins. In this study we demonstrate for the first time that exogenous inositol phospholipids can enter this biosynthetic pathway and be metabolized to GlcN(acyl)PI. When HeLa S3 cells were incubated for 24 h with exogenous PI or sn-1-acyl-2-lyso-phosphatidyl-inositol (lyso-PI) labeled with 3H in the inositol group, 25-30% of the label was recovered in cell-associated lipids and most of the remaining 70-75% in hydrophilic metabolites in the medium. The predominant labeled lipid was PI, with smaller amounts of lyso-PI, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP), and GlcN(acyl)PI. Both exogenous lipid precursors gave the same distribution of labeled lipids, and a similar distribution was observed for endogenous inositol phospholipids metabolically labeled with [3H]inositol. Addition of excess inositol had no effect on the conversion of [3H]lyso-PI to [3H]GlcN(acyl)PI, indicating that the conversion did not result from breakdown to [3H]inositol followed by resynthesis. The cellular orientation of incorporated PI and lyso-PI was determined by incubating cells at 4 degrees C with PI-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC). This enzyme cleaves only PI and lyso-PI on the outer leaflet of the cell membrane. After 24-h incubation with either precursor, only about 15% of cell-associated [3H]PI or [3H]lyso-PI was on the outer leaflet. However, more than 60% of the [3H]PI was on the outer leaflet after 1-h incubation with either precursor, suggesting that substantial sn-2 acylation of exogenous [3H]lyso-PI occurred in the outer leaflet. This suggestion was confirmed by examining labeled lipids in cells after uptake of [3H]lyso-PI at 4 degrees C. No transmembrane translocation of lyso-PI, PI phosphorylation, or PI glycosylation occurred at this temperature, but some sn-2 acylation was apparent and more than 90% of the [3H]PI formed was on the outer leaflet. These data indicate that sn-2 acylation can occur in the outer leaflet of the cell membrane, perhaps by transacylation from other cell surface phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wongkajornsilp
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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7
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Sillence DJ, Low MG. Hydrolysis of cell surface inositol phospholipid leads to the delayed stimulation of phosphatidylinositol synthesis in bovine aortic endothelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1224:247-54. [PMID: 7981239 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4889(94)90197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In order to address the issue of how inositol phospholipid synthesis is controlled in a resting cell we looked for enhanced [3H]phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) labelling in response to the hydrolysis of cell surface PtdIns. Bacillus thuringiensis PtdIns-PLC when added to intact bovine aortic endothelial (BAE) cells rapidly hydrolysed 9.1 +/- 1% of the total cellular PtdIns. This result suggests that BAE cells have a cell surface pool of PTdIns. Hydrolysis of cell surface PtdIns, in contrast to the agonist-stimulated hydrolysis of inner leaflet PtdIns, did not lead to a rapid (minutes) stimulation of PtdIns resynthesis. Prolonged incubation of BAE cells with PtdIns-PLC led to further hydrolysis of PtdIns (up to 20% of total cellular PtdIns). This second phase of PtdIns-PLC induced hydrolysis was inhibited by the addition of brefeldin A suggesting that it was dependent on vesicular traffic to the plasma membrane from the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, the above result suggests that prolonged incubation of intact cells with PtdIns-PLC leads to the slow depeletion of intracellular PtdIns stores. This second phase of PtdIns-PLC induced hydrolysis was associated with PtdIns resynthesis since prolonged incubation with PtdIns-PLC, but not B. cereus PtdCho-PLC (which does not hydrolyse PtdIns), led to enhanced PtdIns labelling. The results indicate that extracellular PtdIns-PLC induced PtdIns resynthesis may occur due to PtdIns-PLC induced intracellular PtdIns depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Sillence
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
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8
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Culver G, Consaul S, Tycowski K, Filipowicz W, Phizicky E. tRNA splicing in yeast and wheat germ. A cyclic phosphodiesterase implicated in the metabolism of ADP-ribose 1“,2”-cyclic phosphate. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)31479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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9
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Daugherty S, Low MG. Cloning, expression, and mutagenesis of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C from Staphylococcus aureus: a potential staphylococcal virulence factor. Infect Immun 1993; 61:5078-89. [PMID: 8225585 PMCID: PMC281286 DOI: 10.1128/iai.61.12.5078-5089.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus secretes a phosphatidylinositol (PI)-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) which is able to hydrolyze the membrane lipid PI and membrane protein anchors containing glycosyl-PI. The gene for PI-PLC (plc) was cloned from S. aureus into Escherichia coli. Oligonucleotide probes based on partial protein sequence and polyclonal antibodies raised against the purified protein were used to identify positive clones. E. coli transformed with a plasmid containing the plc gene expressed PI-PLC enzyme activity which was abolished by mutagenesis with a tetracycline resistance gene. The plc gene was present in all 15 S. aureus strains examined but not in any of 6 coagulase-negative staphylococcal species. The plc gene contained 984 bp and coded for a mature protein with a calculated molecular mass of 34,107 Da. Amino acid sequence comparisons indicated that the staphylococcal plc gene was similar (51 to 56%) to the PI-PLCs from Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Listeria monocytogenes. The recombinant PI-PLC expressed in E. coli was purified and exhibited biochemical properties identical to those of the native PI-PLC from S. aureus. PI-PLC production was decreased in agr mutant strains of S. aureus. However, PI-PLC production by both agr+ and agr mutant strains exhibited a similar dependence on the type of medium used. These data suggested that PI-PLC production was regulated by both agr-dependent and agr-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Daugherty
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
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10
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Ross T, Wang F, Majerus P. Mammalian cells that express Bacillus cereus phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C have increased levels of inositol cyclic 1:2-phosphate, inositol 1-phosphate, and inositol 2-phosphate. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)88644-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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11
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Ross T, Majerus P. Identification of a phosphodiesterase that converts inositol cyclic 1:2-phosphate to inositol 2-phosphate. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)88645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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12
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Volwerk JJ, Birrell GB, Hedberg KK, Griffith OH. A high level of cell surface phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C activity is characteristic of growth-arrested 3T3 fibroblasts but not of transformed variants. J Cell Physiol 1992; 151:613-22. [PMID: 1338336 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041510322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Confluent monolayers of four contact-inhibited mouse fibroblast lines (Swiss 3T3, Balb/c 3T3, NIH 3T3, and C3H10T1/2) were found to have substantial levels of a cell surface phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (ecto-PLC). In contrast, confluent cultures of virally, chemically, or spontaneously transformed variants derived from these cell lines expressed undetectable or negligible levels of this enzyme activity. A simple and rapid assay, using lysophosphatidylinositol radio-labeled in the inositol group ([3H]-lysoPI) as the substrate was developed to provide a quantitative measure of the phospholipase C activity present at the external cell surface. For cells testing positive for ecto-PLC activity, rapid uptake of [3H]-lysoPI is accompanied by the simultaneous appearance of [3H]-inositol phosphate in the external medium. Confluent monolayers of the four mouse fibroblast lines exhibiting density-dependent growth inhibition had levels of ecto-PLC activity in the range of 50-800 pmol/min/10(6) cells (i.e., about 20-50 times greater than the activity observed for the transformed variants). The expression of ecto-PLC activity at the cell surface of the Swiss or Balb/c cells was dependent on the state of cell proliferation. Cultures which had become quiescent through attainment of confluence displayed a tenfold increased activity over that of subconfluent, growing cultures of these cells. Similarly, subconfluent Swiss 3T3 cells which had become quiescent following exposure to low serum conditions also showed increased activity. These results indicate that there may exist a correlation between the control of cell proliferation in contact-inhibited mouse fibroblasts and the expression of inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C activity at the external cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Volwerk
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403
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13
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Sun GY, Navidi M, Yoa FG, Lin TN, Orth OE, Stubbs EB, MacQuarrie RA. Lithium effects on inositol phospholipids and inositol phosphates: evaluation of an in vivo model for assessing polyphosphoinositide turnover in brain. J Neurochem 1992; 58:290-7. [PMID: 1309237 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb09309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Administration of lithium chloride to rats injected intracerebrally with [3H]inositol led to time- and dose-dependent increases in levels of labeled inositol monophosphates in brain. Quantitative analysis of the inositol phosphates by ion chromatography revealed 37- and 20-fold increases in the mass of myo-inositol 1-phosphate and 4-phosphate, respectively, at 4 h intraperitoneal after injections of 6 mEq/kg of lithium chloride. Albeit to a much lesser extent, lithium administration also resulted in an increase in the level of myo-inositol, 1,4-bisphosphate in brain. The lithium-induced increase in content of labeled inositol monophosphates was marked by a concomitant decrease in content of labeled inositol, and after injections of high doses of lithium, e.g., 10 mEq/kg, this was followed by a general decrease in labeling of the inositol phospholipids. In general, animals injected with [3H]inositol but not lithium did not reveal obvious differences in labeling of inositol monophosphates on stimulation by mecamylamine or pilocarpine. However, when animals were injected with [3H]inositol and then lithium, there were large increases in the levels of labeled inositol monophosphates on administration of these compounds. Administration of atropine to the lithium-treated mice led to a partial reduction in the amount of labeled inositol monophosphates accumulated due to the administration of lithium alone. Furthermore, atropine was able to block the pilocarpine-induced increase in level of labeled inositol monophosphates. These results demonstrate the suitable use of the radiotracer technique together with lithium administration for assessing the effects of drugs and receptor agonists on the signaling system involving polyphosphoinositide turnover in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia 65212
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14
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Tait JF, Frankenberry DA, Miao CH, Killary AM, Adler DA, Disteche CM. Chromosomal localization of the human annexin III (ANX3) gene. Genomics 1991; 10:441-8. [PMID: 1830024 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90330-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The annexins or lipocortins are a new family of calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins. Annexin III has been previously identified as inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.4.36), an enzyme of inositol phosphate metabolism, and also as placental anticoagulant protein III, lipocortin III, calcimedin 35-alpha, and an abundant neutrophil cytoplasmic protein. In this study, the gene (ANX3) encoding annexin III was localized to human chromosome 4 at band q21 (q13-q22) by (1) polymerase chain reaction analysis of a human-rodent hybrid cell panel, confirmed by genomic Southern blot analysis of the same panel with a cDNA probe and (2) in situ hybridization with a cDNA probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Tait
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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15
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Ross TS, Majerus PW. Inositol-1,2-cyclic-phosphate 2-inositolphosphohydrolase. Substrate specificity and regulation of activity by phospholipids, metal ion chelators, and inositol 2-phosphate. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)35251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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16
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Shears SB. Regulation of the metabolism of 1,2-diacylglycerols and inositol phosphates that respond to receptor activation. Pharmacol Ther 1991; 49:79-104. [PMID: 1649478 DOI: 10.1016/0163-7258(91)90023-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review assimilates information on the regulation of the metabolism of those inositol phosphates and diacylglycerols that respond to receptor activation. Particular emphasis is placed on the regulation of specific enzymes, the occurrence of isoenzymes, and metabolic compartmentalization; the overall aim is to demonstrate the significance of these activities in relation to the physiological impact of the various cell signalling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Shears
- Inositol Lipid Section, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
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17
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Majerus PW, Ross TS, Cunningham TW, Caldwell KK, Jefferson AB, Bansal VS. Recent insights in phosphatidylinositol signaling. Cell 1990; 63:459-65. [PMID: 2225061 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90442-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies of phosphatidylinositol signaling pathways are entering a new phase in which molecular genetic techniques are providing powerful tools to dissect the functions of various metabolites and pathways. Studies with phospholipase C are most advanced and clearly indicate that phosphatidylinositol turnover is critical for vision in Drosophila and cell proliferation in various cultured cells. Expression of cDNA constructs and microinjection of PLC or antibodies against it clearly establish a role for PtdIns signaling distinct from its role in calcium mobilization and protein kinase C activation. The importance of inositol cyclic phosphates is also beginning to be realized from the study of cyclic hydrolase using similar techniques. Elucidation of the function of the 3-phosphate inositol phospholipid pathway awaits similar studies. The recent cDNA cloning of inositol monophosphatase (Diehl et al., 1990), Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase (Choi et al., 1990), and inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase (York and Majerus, 1991) should provide tools to define further the cell biology of the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Majerus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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18
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Ross TS, Tait JF, Majerus PW. Identity of inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase with lipocortin III. Science 1990; 248:605-7. [PMID: 2159184 DOI: 10.1126/science.2159184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The amino acid sequences of three fragments of cyanogen bromide-digested human placental inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase, an enzyme of the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway, are identical to sequences within lipocortin III, a member of a family of homologous calcium- and phospholipid-binding proteins that do not have defined physiological functions. Lipocortin III has also been previously identified as placental anticoagulant protein III (PAP III) and calcimedin 35 alpha. Antibodies to PAP III detected PAP III and inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase with identical reactivity on immunoblotting. In addition, inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase was stimulated by the same acidic phospholipids that bind lipocortins.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Ross
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
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19
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Matsuda T, Imai A, Tamaya T. Phospholipase C activity in human placental membrane. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1989; 246:27-33. [PMID: 2549886 DOI: 10.1007/bf00933074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-stimulated hydrolysis of polyphosphoinositides by action of phospholipase C appears to be an important mediator of cell activation through the generation of the second messengers, in particular inositol triphosphate (IP3). In order to understand placental function better, activity of IP3 production from membrane in cell-free system was examined. Incubation of membrane preparation from [3H]inositol-labelled human placenta with Ca2+ in the presence of 1 mM ATP and 1 mM GTP resulted in the rapid production of IP3 in a dose dependent manner; half-maximal effect occurred at 10 microM. On the other hand, little effect was observed in the case of membrane prepared from [3H]arachidonic acid-labelled placenta, suggesting higher requirement of Ca2+ for phospholipase A2 activation. These data suggest that placenta contains phospholipase C hydrolyzing polyphosphoinositide at physiological concentration of Ca2. This is the first report to provide direct evidence of transmembrane signalling mechanisms in the human placenta, and may provide a clue to the etiology of placental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Matsuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Shears
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
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Brown TR, Graham RA, Szwergold BS, Thoma WJ, Meyer RA. Phosphorylated metabolites in tumors, tissues, and cell lines. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1987; 508:229-40. [PMID: 3439703 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb32907.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T R Brown
- NMR Department, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111
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Sprinkle TJ, Tippins RB, Kestler DP. Inhibition of bovine and human brain 2':3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase by heparin and polyribonucleotides and evidence for an associated 5'-polynucleotide kinase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987; 145:686-91. [PMID: 2439081 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)91019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present paper establishes a 5'-polynucleotide kinase activity associated with the bovine and human brain enzyme 2':3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.37) in addition to known extremely high hydrolysis rates against 2':3'-cyclic nucleotides. Modulation of the enzyme activity by the addition of polyadenylate (5') and polyuridylate (5'), histone F3, myelin basic protein (MBP), and other basic molecules suggest that RNA may be the natural substrate for both enzymes. These enzymes, isolated from brain and present in very high activities in oligodendrocytes and in isolated myelin, probably have complex functions.
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Holub BJ. The cellular forms and functions of the inositol phospholipids and their metabolic derivatives. Nutr Rev 1987; 45:65-71. [PMID: 3033565 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1987.tb02704.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Poovaiah
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
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Majerus PW, Connolly TM, Deckmyn H, Ross TS, Bross TE, Ishii H, Bansal VS, Wilson DB. The metabolism of phosphoinositide-derived messenger molecules. Science 1986; 234:1519-26. [PMID: 3024320 DOI: 10.1126/science.3024320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 562] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The phosphoinositides are minor phospholipids present in all eukaryotic cells. They are storage forms for messenger molecules that transmit signals across the cell membrane and evoke responses to extracellular agonists. The phosphoinositides break down to liberate messenger molecules or precursors of messenger molecules. Many different compounds are formed, although the functions of only a few are understood. Recent studies elaborating the pathways for formation of products from phosphoinositides and the factors controlling their metabolism are summarized here.
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