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Sailer J, Nagel J, Akdogan B, Jauch AT, Engler J, Knolle PA, Zischka H. Deadly excess copper. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103256. [PMID: 38959622 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Higher eukaryotes' life is impossible without copper redox activity and, literally, every breath we take biochemically demonstrates this. However, this dependence comes at a considerable price to ensure target-oriented copper action. Thereto its uptake, distribution but also excretion are executed by specialized proteins with high affinity for the transition metal. Consequently, malfunction of copper enzymes/transporters, as is the case in hereditary Wilson disease that affects the intracellular copper transporter ATP7B, comes with serious cellular damage. One hallmark of this disease is the progressive copper accumulation, primarily in liver but also brain that becomes deadly if left untreated. Such excess copper toxicity may also result from accidental ingestion or attempted suicide. Recent research has shed new light into the cell-toxic mechanisms and primarily affected intracellular targets and processes of such excess copper that may even be exploited with respect to cancer therapy. Moreover, new therapies are currently under development to fight against deadly toxic copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Sailer
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith Nagel
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Banu Akdogan
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Adrian T Jauch
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonas Engler
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Percy A Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany; Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
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2
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Delibegović M, Dall'Angelo S, Dekeryte R. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B in metabolic diseases and drug development. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:366-378. [PMID: 38519567 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a non-transmembrane phosphatase, has a major role in a variety of signalling pathways, including direct negative regulation of classic insulin and leptin signalling pathways, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of several cardiometabolic diseases and cancers. As such, PTP1B has been a therapeutic target for over two decades, with PTP1B inhibitors identified either from natural sources or developed throughout the years. Some of these inhibitors have reached phase I and/or II clinical trials in humans for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and/or metastatic breast cancer. In this Review, we summarize the cellular processes and regulation of PTP1B, discuss evidence from in vivo preclinical and human studies of the association between PTP1B and different disorders, and discuss outcomes of clinical trials. We outline challenges associated with the targeting of this phosphatase (which was, until the past few years, viewed as difficult to target), the current state of the field of PTP1B inhibitors (and dual phosphatase inhibitors) and future directions for manipulating the activity of this key metabolic enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Delibegović
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Sergio Dall'Angelo
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ruta Dekeryte
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen, UK
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3
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Perez-Quintero LA, Abidin BM, Tremblay ML. Immunotherapeutic implications of negative regulation by protein tyrosine phosphatases in T cells: the emerging cases of PTP1B and TCPTP. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1364778. [PMID: 38707187 PMCID: PMC11066278 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1364778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of inflammation, T cell activation occurs by the concerted signals of the T cell receptor (TCR), co-stimulatory receptors ligation, and a pro-inflammatory cytokine microenvironment. Fine-tuning these signals is crucial to maintain T cell homeostasis and prevent self-reactivity while offering protection against infectious diseases and cancer. Recent developments in understanding the complex crosstalk between the molecular events controlling T cell activation and the balancing regulatory cues offer novel approaches for the development of T cell-based immunotherapies. Among the complex regulatory processes, the balance between protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) and the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) controls the transcriptional and metabolic programs that determine T cell function, fate decision, and activation. In those, PTPs are de facto regulators of signaling in T cells acting for the most part as negative regulators of the canonical TCR pathway, costimulatory molecules such as CD28, and cytokine signaling. In this review, we examine the function of two close PTP homologs, PTP1B (PTPN1) and T-cell PTP (TCPTP; PTPN2), which have been recently identified as promising candidates for novel T-cell immunotherapeutic approaches. Herein, we focus on recent studies that examine the known contributions of these PTPs to T-cell development, homeostasis, and T-cell-mediated immunity. Additionally, we describe the signaling networks that underscored the ability of TCPTP and PTP1B, either individually and notably in combination, to attenuate TCR and JAK/STAT signals affecting T cell responses. Thus, we anticipate that uncovering the role of these two PTPs in T-cell biology may lead to new treatment strategies in the field of cancer immunotherapy. This review concludes by exploring the impacts and risks that pharmacological inhibition of these PTP enzymes offers as a therapeutic approach in T-cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Perez-Quintero
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Belma Melda Abidin
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel L. Tremblay
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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4
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Crean RM, Corbella M, Calixto AR, Hengge AC, Kamerlin SCL. Sequence - dynamics - function relationships in protein tyrosine phosphatases. QRB DISCOVERY 2024; 5:e4. [PMID: 38689874 PMCID: PMC11058592 DOI: 10.1017/qrd.2024.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are crucial regulators of cellular signaling. Their activity is regulated by the motion of a conserved loop, the WPD-loop, from a catalytically inactive open to a catalytically active closed conformation. WPD-loop motion optimally positions a catalytically critical residue into the active site, and is directly linked to the turnover number of these enzymes. Crystal structures of chimeric PTPs constructed by grafting parts of the WPD-loop sequence of PTP1B onto the scaffold of YopH showed WPD-loops in a wide-open conformation never previously observed in either parent enzyme. This wide-open conformation has, however, been observed upon binding of small molecule inhibitors to other PTPs, suggesting the potential of targeting it for drug discovery efforts. Here, we have performed simulations of both enzymes and show that there are negligible energetic differences in the chemical step of catalysis, but significant differences in the dynamical properties of the WPD-loop. Detailed interaction network analysis provides insight into the molecular basis for this population shift to a wide-open conformation. Taken together, our study provides insight into the links between loop dynamics and chemistry in these YopH variants specifically, and how WPD-loop dynamic can be engineered through modification of the internal protein interaction network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory M. Crean
- Department of Chemistry – BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marina Corbella
- Department of Chemistry – BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana R. Calixto
- Department of Chemistry – BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alvan C. Hengge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Shina C. L. Kamerlin
- Department of Chemistry – BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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5
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Londhe AD, Boivin B. Measuring the Reversible Oxidation of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases Using a Modified Cysteinyl-Labeling Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2743:223-237. [PMID: 38147219 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3569-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The modified cysteinyl-labeling assay enables the labeling, enrichment, and detection of all members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) superfamily that become reversibly oxidized in cells to facilitate phosphorylation-dependent signaling. In this chapter, we describe the method in detail and highlight the pitfalls of avoiding post-lysis oxidation of PTPs to measure the dynamic and transient oxidation and reduction of PTPs in cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash D Londhe
- Department of Nanobioscience, College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Benoit Boivin
- Department of Nanobioscience, College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA.
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA.
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6
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Tonks NK. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases: Mighty oaks from little acorns grow. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:337-352. [PMID: 36971473 PMCID: PMC10254075 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
In October 2020, we were finally able to gather for a celebration of Eddy Fischer's 100th birthday. As with many other events, COVID had disrupted and restricted preparations for the gathering, which ultimately was held via ZOOM. Nevertheless, it was a wonderful opportunity to share a day with Eddy, an exceptional scientist and true renaissance man, and to appreciate his stellar contributions to science. Eddy Fischer, together with Ed Krebs, was responsible for the discovery of reversible protein phosphorylation, which launched the entire field of signal transduction. The importance of this seminal work is now being felt throughout the biotechnology industry with the development of drugs that target protein kinases, which have transformed the treatment of a wide array of cancers. I was privileged to have worked with Eddy both as a postdoc and a junior faculty member, during which time we laid the foundations for our current understanding of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family of enzymes and their importance as critical regulators of signal transduction. This tribute to Eddy is based upon the talk I presented at the event, giving a personal perspective on Eddy's influence on my career, our early research efforts together in this area, and how the field has developed since then.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas K Tonks
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
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7
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Koretzky GA. Building on the Past, Meeting the Moment. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:849-854. [PMID: 36947823 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2390003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Koretzky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca NY
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8
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Cohen P. The scientific career and life of Edmond H. Fischer-A personal tribute. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:284-288. [PMID: 36480402 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Cohen
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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Shen R, Crean RM, Olsen KJ, Corbella M, Calixto AR, Richan T, Brandão TAS, Berry RD, Tolman A, Loria JP, Johnson SJ, Kamerlin SCL, Hengge AC. Insights into the importance of WPD-loop sequence for activity and structure in protein tyrosine phosphatases. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13524-13540. [PMID: 36507179 PMCID: PMC9682893 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04135a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) possess a conserved mobile catalytic loop, the WPD-loop, which brings an aspartic acid into the active site where it acts as an acid/base catalyst. Prior experimental and computational studies, focused on the human enzyme PTP1B and the PTP from Yersinia pestis, YopH, suggested that loop conformational dynamics are important in regulating both catalysis and evolvability. We have generated a chimeric protein in which the WPD-loop of YopH is transposed into PTP1B, and eight chimeras that systematically restored the loop sequence back to native PTP1B. Of these, four chimeras were soluble and were subjected to detailed biochemical and structural characterization, and a computational analysis of their WPD-loop dynamics. The chimeras maintain backbone structural integrity, with somewhat slower rates than either wild-type parent, and show differences in the pH dependency of catalysis, and changes in the effect of Mg2+. The chimeric proteins' WPD-loops differ significantly in their relative stability and rigidity. The time required for interconversion, coupled with electrostatic effects revealed by simulations, likely accounts for the activity differences between chimeras, and relative to the native enzymes. Our results further the understanding of connections between enzyme activity and the dynamics of catalytically important groups, particularly the effects of non-catalytic residues on key conformational equilibria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidan Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State UniversityLoganUtah 84322-0300USA
| | - Rory M. Crean
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Chemistry – BMC, Uppsala University, BMCBox 576S-751 23 UppsalaSweden
| | - Keith J. Olsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State UniversityLoganUtah 84322-0300USA
| | - Marina Corbella
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Chemistry – BMC, Uppsala University, BMCBox 576S-751 23 UppsalaSweden
| | - Ana R. Calixto
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Chemistry – BMC, Uppsala University, BMCBox 576S-751 23 UppsalaSweden
| | - Teisha Richan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State UniversityLoganUtah 84322-0300USA
| | - Tiago A. S. Brandão
- Departamento de Química, ICEX, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas Gerais31270-901Brazil
| | - Ryan D. Berry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State UniversityLoganUtah 84322-0300USA
| | - Alex Tolman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State UniversityLoganUtah 84322-0300USA
| | - J. Patrick Loria
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University225 Prospect StreetNew HavenCT 06520USA,Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University266 Whitney AvenueNew HavenCT 06520USA
| | - Sean J. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State UniversityLoganUtah 84322-0300USA
| | - Shina C. L. Kamerlin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Chemistry – BMC, Uppsala University, BMCBox 576S-751 23 UppsalaSweden,School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology901 Atlantic Drive NWAtlanta, GA 30332-0400USA
| | - Alvan C. Hengge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State UniversityLoganUtah 84322-0300USA
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Netto LES, Machado LESF. Preferential redox regulation of cysteine‐based protein tyrosine phosphatases: structural and biochemical diversity. FEBS J 2022; 289:5480-5504. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Eduardo S. Netto
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva Instituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
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Arnaud T, Rodrigues-Lima F, Viguier M, Deshayes F. Interplay between EGFR, E-cadherin, and PTP1B in epidermal homeostasis. Tissue Barriers 2022:2104085. [PMID: 35875939 PMCID: PMC10364651 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2104085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining epithelial homeostasis is crucial to allow embryo development but also the protective barrier which is ensured by the epidermis. This homeostasis is regulated through the expression of several molecules among which EGFR and E-cadherin which are of major importance. Indeed, defects in the regulation of these proteins lead to abnormalities in cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Hence, regulation of these two proteins is of the utmost importance as they are involved in numerous skin pathologies and cancers. In the last decades it has been described several pathways of regulation of these two proteins and notably several mechanisms of cross-regulation between these partners. In this review, we aimed to describe the current understanding of the regulation of EGFR and interactions between EGFR and E-cadherin and, in particular, the implication of these cross-regulations in epithelium homeostasis. We pay particular attention to PTP1B, a phosphatase involved in the regulation of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Arnaud
- Université Paris Cité, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France
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Pinkston J, Shen R, Simons CR, Hengge AC. Competitive measurement of β/α naphthyl phosphate catalytic efficiency by phosphatases utilizing quantitative NMR. Anal Biochem 2022; 651:114727. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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13
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Protein tyrosine phosphatases in skeletal development and diseases. Bone Res 2022; 10:10. [PMID: 35091552 PMCID: PMC8799702 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal development and homeostasis in mammals are modulated by finely coordinated processes of migration, proliferation, differentiation, and death of skeletogenic cells originating from the mesoderm and neural crest. Numerous molecular mechanisms are involved in these regulatory processes, one of which is protein posttranslational modifications, particularly protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PYP). PYP occurs mainly through the action of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), modifying protein enzymatic activity, changing its cellular localization, and aiding in the assembly or disassembly of protein signaling complexes. Under physiological conditions, PYP is balanced by the coordinated action of PTKs and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Dysregulation of PYP can cause genetic, metabolic, developmental, and oncogenic skeletal diseases. Although PYP is a reversible biochemical process, in contrast to PTKs, little is known about how this equilibrium is modulated by PTPs in the skeletal system. Whole-genome sequencing has revealed a large and diverse superfamily of PTP genes (over 100 members) in humans, which can be further divided into cysteine (Cys)-, aspartic acid (Asp)-, and histidine (His)-based PTPs. Here, we review current knowledge about the functions and regulatory mechanisms of 28 PTPs involved in skeletal development and diseases; 27 of them belong to class I and II Cys-based PTPs, and the other is an Asp-based PTP. Recent progress in analyzing animal models that harbor various mutations in these PTPs and future research directions are also discussed. Our literature review indicates that PTPs are as crucial as PTKs in supporting skeletal development and homeostasis.
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Mata-Torres G, Andrade-Cetto A, Espinoza-Hernández F. Approaches to Decrease Hyperglycemia by Targeting Impaired Hepatic Glucose Homeostasis Using Medicinal Plants. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:809994. [PMID: 35002743 PMCID: PMC8733686 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.809994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver plays a pivotal role in maintaining blood glucose levels through complex processes which involve the disposal, storage, and endogenous production of this carbohydrate. Insulin is the hormone responsible for regulating hepatic glucose production and glucose storage as glycogen, thus abnormalities in its function lead to hyperglycemia in obese or diabetic patients because of higher production rates and lower capacity to store glucose. In this context, two different but complementary therapeutic approaches can be highlighted to avoid the hyperglycemia generated by the hepatic insulin resistance: 1) enhancing insulin function by inhibiting the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, one of the main enzymes that disrupt the insulin signal, and 2) direct regulation of key enzymes involved in hepatic glucose production and glycogen synthesis/breakdown. It is recognized that medicinal plants are a valuable source of molecules with special properties and a wide range of scaffolds that can improve hepatic glucose metabolism. Some molecules, especially phenolic compounds and terpenoids, exhibit a powerful inhibitory capacity on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and decrease the expression or activity of the key enzymes involved in the gluconeogenic pathway, such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase or glucose 6-phosphatase. This review shed light on the progress made in the past 7 years in medicinal plants capable of improving hepatic glucose homeostasis through the two proposed approaches. We suggest that Coreopsis tinctoria, Lithocarpus polystachyus, and Panax ginseng can be good candidates for developing herbal medicines or phytomedicines that target inhibition of hepatic glucose output as they can modulate the activity of PTP-1B, the expression of gluconeogenic enzymes, and the glycogen content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adolfo Andrade-Cetto
- Laboratorio de Etnofarmacología, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Recent advances in PTP1B signaling in metabolism and cancer. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:230148. [PMID: 34726241 PMCID: PMC8630396 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is one of the major post-translational modifications in eukaryotic cells and represents a critical regulatory mechanism of a wide variety of signaling pathways. Aberrant protein tyrosine phosphorylation has been linked to various diseases, including metabolic disorders and cancer. Few years ago, protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) were considered as tumor suppressors, able to block the signals emanating from receptor tyrosine kinases. However, recent evidence demonstrates that misregulation of PTPs activity plays a critical role in cancer development and progression. Here, we will focus on PTP1B, an enzyme that has been linked to the development of type 2 diabetes and obesity through the regulation of insulin and leptin signaling, and with a promoting role in the development of different types of cancer through the activation of several pro-survival signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the molecular aspects that support the crucial role of PTP1B in different cellular processes underlying diabetes, obesity and cancer progression, and its visualization as a promising therapeutic target.
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16
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Akyol K, Kilic D. Discovery of novel and selective inhibitors targeting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B): Virtual screening and molecular dynamic simulation. Comput Biol Med 2021; 139:104959. [PMID: 34735946 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a promising target for Type II diabetes, obesity, and cancer therapeutics. However, capturing selectivity over T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) is key to PTP1B inhibitor discovery. Current studies demonstrate that the phosphotyrosine (pTyr) binding site confers selectivity to inhibitors. To identify novel selective inhibitors of PTP1B, drugs in the DrugBank were docked into the active and pTyr site using virtual docking tools. The most suitable drugs were selected based on their docking scores, similarity, and visual results before molecular dynamic simulations were performed. A combination of virtual screening and molecular dynamic simulation approaches indicated that five drugs (DB03558, DB05123, DB03310, DB05446, DB03530) targeting the active and second pTyr binding site of PTP1B could be potential selective inhibitors. This study showed that the hit drugs (experimental, research, and approved) could serve as potential selectivity PTP1B inhibitors and as useful treatments for diabetes and cancer. The hit drugs can be experimentally validated via in vitro molecular testing and in vivo animal testing; alternatively, they can be included in ongoing clinical trials. In addition, more effective molecules can be designed by derivatizing these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Akyol
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Deryanur Kilic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.
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García‐Marín J, Griera M, Alajarín R, Rodríguez‐Puyol M, Rodríguez‐Puyol D, Vaquero JJ. A Computer-Driven Scaffold-Hopping Approach Generating New PTP1B Inhibitors from the Pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline Core. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2895-2906. [PMID: 34137509 PMCID: PMC8518816 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a very promising target for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as type II diabetes mellitus. Although it was validated as a promising target for this disease more than 30 years ago, as yet there is no drug in advanced clinical trials, and its biochemical mechanism and functions are still being studied. In the present study, based on our experience generating PTP1B inhibitors, we have developed and implemented a scaffold-hopping approach to vary the pyrrole ring of the pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline core, supported by extensive computational techniques aimed to explain the molecular interaction with PTP1B. Using a combination of docking, molecular dynamics and end-point free-energy calculations, we have rationally designed a hypothesis for new PTP1B inhibitors, supporting their recognition mechanism at a molecular level. After the design phase, we were able to easily synthesize proposed candidates and their evaluation against PTP1B was found to be in good concordance with our predictions. Moreover, the best candidates exhibited glucose uptake increments in cellulo model, thus confirming their utility for PTP1B inhibition and validating this approach for inhibitors design and molecules thus obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García‐Marín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química InorgánicaUniversidad de Alcalá28805Alcalá de HenaresSpain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 910028034MadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés Manuel del Río (IQAR)Universidad de AlcaláAlcalá de HenaresSpain
- Departamento de Química Biológica y EstructuralCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC)Calle Ramiro de Maeztu 928040MadridSpain
| | - Mercedes Griera
- Graphenano Medical Care, S.L.C/Pablo Casals, no. 13YeclaMurciaSpain
- Departamento de Biología de SistemasUniversidad de Alcalá28805Alcalá de HenaresSpain
| | - Ramón Alajarín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química InorgánicaUniversidad de Alcalá28805Alcalá de HenaresSpain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 910028034MadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés Manuel del Río (IQAR)Universidad de AlcaláAlcalá de HenaresSpain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez‐Puyol
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 910028034MadridSpain
- Departamento de Biología de SistemasUniversidad de Alcalá28805Alcalá de HenaresSpain
| | - Diego Rodríguez‐Puyol
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 910028034MadridSpain
- Fundación de Investigación BiomédicaUnidad de Nefrología del Hospital Príncipe de Asturias yDepartamento de Medicina y Especialidades MédicasUniversidad de Alcalá28805Alcalá de HenaresSpain
| | - Juan J. Vaquero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química InorgánicaUniversidad de Alcalá28805Alcalá de HenaresSpain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 910028034MadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés Manuel del Río (IQAR)Universidad de AlcaláAlcalá de HenaresSpain
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18
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Zhang J, Wu N, Shi D. The Involvement of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1b and Dipeptidase 4 Signaling Pathways in Cancer and Diabetes: A Narrative Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:803-815. [PMID: 33185160 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666201113110406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b (PTP1B) and dipeptidase 4 (DPP4) signaling pathways regulate eukaryotic cell proliferation and metabolism. Previous researches described different transduction mechanisms in the progression of cancer and diabetes. METHODOLOGY We reviewed recent advances in the signal transduction pathways of mTOR, PTP1B and DPP4 regulation and determined the crosstalk and common pathway in diabetes and cancer. RESULTS We showed that according to numerous past studies, the proteins participate in the signaling networks for both diseases. CONCLUSION There are common pathways and specific proteins involved in diabetes and cancer. This article demonstrates and explains the potential mechanisms of association and future prospects for targeting these proteins in pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dayong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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19
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Abdelsalam SS, Pasha M, El-Gamal H, Hasan M, Elrayess MA, Zeidan A, Korashy HM, Agouni A. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibition improves endoplasmic reticulum stress‑impaired endothelial cell angiogenic response: A critical role for cell survival. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:665. [PMID: 34296297 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to endothelial dysfunction, which is the initial step in atherogenesis. Blockade of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)1B, a negative regulator of insulin receptors that is critically located on the surface of ER membrane, has been found to improve endothelial dysfunction. However, the role of ER stress and its related apoptotic sub‑pathways in PTP1B‑mediated endothelial dysfunction, particularly its angiogenic capacity, have not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of PTP1B suppression on ER stress‑mediated impaired angiogenesis and examined the contribution of apoptotic signals in this process. Endothelial cells were exposed to pharmacological ER stressors, including thapsigargin (TG) or 1,4‑dithiothreitol (DTT), in the presence or absence of a PTP1B inhibitor or small interfering (si)RNA duplexes. Then, ER stress, angiogenic capacity, cell cycle, apoptosis and the activation of key apoptotic signals were assessed. It was identified that the inhibition of PTP1B prevented ER stress caused by DTT and TG. Moreover, ER stress induction impaired the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the angiogenic capacity of endothelial cells, while PTP1B inhibition exerted a protective effect. The results demonstrated that blockade or knockdown of PTP1B prevented ER stress‑induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. This effect was associated with reduced expression levels of caspase‑12 and poly (ADP‑Ribose) polymerase 1. PTP1B blockade also suppressed autophagy activated by TG. The current data support the critical role of PTP1B in ER stress‑mediated endothelial dysfunction, characterized by reduced angiogenic capacity, with an underlying mechanism involving reduced eNOS activation and cell survival. These findings provide evidence of the therapeutic potential of targeting PTP1B in cardiovascular ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahenda S Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Mazhar Pasha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Heba El-Gamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Maram Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Asad Zeidan
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
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20
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Shen R, Crean RM, Johnson SJ, Kamerlin SCL, Hengge AC. Single Residue on the WPD-Loop Affects the pH Dependency of Catalysis in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases. JACS AU 2021; 1:646-659. [PMID: 34308419 PMCID: PMC8297725 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Catalysis by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) relies on the motion of a flexible protein loop (the WPD-loop) that carries a residue acting as a general acid/base catalyst during the PTP-catalyzed reaction. The orthogonal substitutions of a noncatalytic residue in the WPD-loops of YopH and PTP1B result in shifted pH-rate profiles from an altered kinetic pK a of the nucleophilic cysteine. Compared to wild type, the G352T YopH variant has a broadened pH-rate profile, similar activity at optimal pH, but significantly higher activity at low pH. Changes in the corresponding PTP1B T177G variant are more modest and in the opposite direction, with a narrowed pH profile and less activity in the most acidic range. Crystal structures of the variants show no structural perturbations but suggest an increased preference for the WPD-loop-closed conformation. Computational analysis confirms a shift in loop conformational equilibrium in favor of the closed conformation, arising from a combination of increased stability of the closed state and destabilization of the loop-open state. Simulations identify the origins of this population shift, revealing differences in the flexibility of the WPD-loop and neighboring regions. Our results demonstrate that changes to the pH dependency of catalysis by PTPs can result from small changes in amino acid composition in their WPD-loops affecting only loop dynamics and conformational equilibrium. The perturbation of kinetic pK a values of catalytic residues by nonchemical processes affords a means for nature to alter an enzyme's pH dependency by a less disruptive path than altering electrostatic networks around catalytic residues themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidan Shen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State
University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Rory M. Crean
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sean J. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State
University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Shina C. L. Kamerlin
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alvan C. Hengge
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State
University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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21
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Khoury ZH, Salameh F. Trodusquemine: Potential Utility in Wound Regeneration. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-021-00211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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22
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Senis YA, Nagy Z, Mori J, Lane S, Lane P. Platelet Src family kinases: A tale of reversible phosphorylation. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2021; 5:376-389. [PMID: 33870023 PMCID: PMC8035799 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoma (Src) family kinases (SFKs) have occupied a central place in platelet research for over 40 years. Discovered by virologists and oncologists as the proto proto-oncogene, Src tyrosine kinase spurred a phenomenal burst of research on reversible tyrosine phosphorylation and signal transduction. For a time, platelets were adopted as the model of choice for studying the biological functions of Src, owing to their ease of isolation, high Src expression, and lack of a nucleus, only to be abandoned due to challenges of culturing and manipulating using common molecular biology-based techniques. For platelet biologists, SFKs have remained an important area of investigation, initiating and amplifying signals from all major adhesion, activation, and inhibitory receptors, including the integrin αIIbβ3, the collagen receptor complex glycoprotein VI-Fc receptor γ-chain, the G protein-coupled ADP receptor P2Y12 and the inhibitory receptors platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 and G6b-B. The vital roles of SFKs in platelets is highlighted by the severe phenotypes of null and gain-of-function mutations in SFKs in mice and humans, and effects of pharmacologic inhibitors on platelet activation, thrombosis, and hemostasis. The recent description of critical regulators of SFKs in platelets, namely, C-terminal Src kinase (Csk), Csk homologous kinase (Chk), the receptor-type protein-tyrosine phosphatase receptor type J (PTPRJ) helps explain some of the bleeding side effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and are novel therapeutic targets for regulating the thrombotic and hemostatic capacity of platelets. Recent findings from Chk, Csk, and PTPRJ knockout mouse models highlighted that SFKs are able to autoinhibit by phosphorylating their C-terminal tyrosine residues, providing fundamental insights into SFK autoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotis A Senis
- Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 1255 Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Etablissement Français du Sang Grand Est Strasbourg France
| | - Zoltan Nagy
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Jun Mori
- Research and Development Align Technology Inc. Yokohama Japan
| | - Sophia Lane
- Illustration and Design, ScEYEnce Studios Elkins Park PA USA
| | - Patrick Lane
- Illustration and Design, ScEYEnce Studios Elkins Park PA USA
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23
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Shu Y, Yao S, Cai S, Li J, He L, Zou J, Zhang Q, Fan H, Zhou L, Yu S. miR-34c inhibits proliferation of glioma by targeting PTP1B. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:325-332. [PMID: 33501502 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most pervasive and invasive primary malignancies in the central nervous system. Due to its abnormal proliferation, glioma remains hard to cure at present. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has been proved to be involved in the process of proliferation in many malignancies. However, whether PTP1B is involved in the proliferation of glioma and how it acts are still unclear. In this study, the PTP1B expressions in glioma tissues and cells were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis. The effects of PTP1B on the proliferation characteristics of glioma were explored using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), colony formation assay, and tumor xenografts in mice. We found that the protein and mRNA levels of PTP1B in glioma tissues were significantly higher than those in paired nontumor tissues. MTT and clone formation assays showed that PTP1B is closely related to human glioma cell proliferation. In addition, TargetScan revealed that miR-34c regulates PTP1B. Mechanistically, we proved that miR-34c negatively regulates PTP1B and then participates in the regulation of glioma cell proliferation in vivo. Collectively, these results suggested that miR-34c inhibits the proliferation of human glioma cells by targeting PTP1B, which will provide a potential target for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Shengtao Yao
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Shuang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Li He
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jia Zou
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Shouyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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24
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Koseska A, Bastiaens PI. Processing Temporal Growth Factor Patterns by an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Network Dynamically Established in Space. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2020; 36:359-383. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-013020-103810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The proto-oncogenic epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase whose sensitivity and response to growth factor signals that vary over time and space determine cellular behavior within a developing tissue. The molecular reorganization of the receptors on the plasma membrane and the enzyme-kinetic mechanisms of phosphorylation are key determinants that couple growth factor binding to EGFR signaling. To enable signal initiation and termination while simultaneously accounting for suppression of aberrant signaling, a coordinated coupling of EGFR kinase and protein tyrosine phosphatase activity is established through space by vesicular dynamics. The dynamical operation mode of this network enables not only time-varying growth factor sensing but also adaptation of the response depending on cellular context. By connecting spatially coupled enzymatic kinase/phosphatase processes and the corresponding dynamical systems description of the EGFR network, we elaborate on the general principles necessary for processing complex growth factor signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Koseska
- Lise Meitner Group Cellular Computations and Learning, Centre of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), D-53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Philippe I.H. Bastiaens
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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25
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Kumar GS, Page R, Peti W. The mode of action of the Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitor Ertiprotafib. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240044. [PMID: 33007022 PMCID: PMC7531832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a validated therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Ertiprotafib is a PTP1B inhibitor that reached the clinical trial stage for the treatment of diabetes. Interestingly, Ertiprotafib reduces the melting temperature of PTP1B in differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) assays, different from most drugs that increase the stability of their target upon binding. No molecular data on how Ertiprotafib functions has been published. Thus, to gain molecular insights into the mode of action of Ertiprotafib, we used biomolecular NMR spectroscopy to characterize the molecular details of the PTP1B:Ertiprotafib interaction. Our results show that Ertiprotafib induces aggregation of PTP1B in a concentration dependent manner. This shows that the insufficient clinical efficacy and adverse effects caused by Ertiprotafib is due to its tendency to cause aggregation of PTP1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang Peti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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26
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Mishra OP, Popov AV, Pietrofesa RA, Hwang WT, Andrake M, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Christofidou-Solomidou M. Radiation activates myeloperoxidase (MPO) to generate active chlorine species (ACS) via a dephosphorylation mechanism - inhibitory effect of LGM2605. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129548. [PMID: 32035161 PMCID: PMC8413008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation exposure of tissues is associated with inflammatory cell influx. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme expressed in granulocytes, such as neutrophils (PMN) and macrophages, responsible for active chlorine species (ACS) generation. The present study aimed to: 1) determine whether exposure to γ-irradiation induces MPO-dependent ACS generation in murine PMN; 2) elucidate the mechanism of radiation-induced ACS generation; and 3) evaluate the effect of the synthetic lignan LGM2605, known for ACS scavenging properties. METHODS MPO-dependent ACS generation was determined by using hypochlorite-specific 3'-(p-aminophenyl) fluorescein (APF) and a highly potent MPO inhibitor, 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide (ABAH), and confirmed in PMN derived from MPO-/- mice. Radiation-induced MPO activation was determined by EPR spectroscopy and computational analysis identified tyrosine, serine, and threonine residues near MPO's active site. RESULTS γ-radiation increased MPO-dependent ACS generation dose-dependently in human MPO and in wild-type murine PMN, but not in PMN from MPO-/- mice. LGM2605 decreased radiation-induced, MPO-dependent ACS. Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) and protein serine/threonine phosphatase (PSTP) inhibitors decreased the radiation-induced increase in ACS. Peroxidase cycle results demonstrate that tyrosine phosphorylation blocks MPO Compound I formation by preventing catalysis on H2O2 in the active site of MPO. EPR data demonstrate that γ-radiation increased tyrosyl radical species formation in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that γ-radiation induces MPO-dependent generation of ACS, which is dependent, at least in part, by protein tyrosine and Ser/Thr dephosphorylation and is reduced by LGM2605. This study identified for the first time a novel protein dephosphorylation-dependent mechanism of radiation-induced MPO activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om P Mishra
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| | - Anatoliy V Popov
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| | - Ralph A Pietrofesa
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| | - Wei-Ting Hwang
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| | - Mark Andrake
- Molecular Modeling Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States of America.
| | - Eiko Nakamaru-Ogiso
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| | - Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
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27
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Huo C, Zheng Z, Xu Y, Ding Y, Zheng H, Mu Y, Niu Y, Gao J, Lu X. Naphthacemycins from a Streptomyces sp. as Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1394-1399. [PMID: 32298122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nine new naphthacemycins (1-9), along with one known naphthacemycin (10) were isolated from the culture of Streptomyces sp. N12W1565. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including UV, NMR, and HRESIMS. All the compounds showed significant activity, with IC50 values less than 10 μM against protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). The anti-PTP1B structure-activity relationship of naphthacemycins (1-10) is discussed. These findings provide a promising starting point for the development of naphthacemycins as potential anti-PTP1B agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Huo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Zheng
- New Drug Research and Development Center, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering and Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory New Drug Screening Technology of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang 050015, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- New Drug Research and Development Center, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering and Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory New Drug Screening Technology of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang 050015, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Ding
- New Drug Research and Development Center, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering and Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory New Drug Screening Technology of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang 050015, People's Republic of China
| | - Haizhou Zheng
- New Drug Research and Development Center, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering and Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory New Drug Screening Technology of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang 050015, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Mu
- New Drug Research and Development Center, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering and Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory New Drug Screening Technology of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang 050015, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanchen Niu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Gao
- New Drug Research and Development Center, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering and Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory New Drug Screening Technology of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang 050015, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Lu
- New Drug Research and Development Center, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering and Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory New Drug Screening Technology of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang 050015, People's Republic of China
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28
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Stefan A, Dal Piaz F, Girella A, Hochkoeppler A. Substrate Activation of the Low-Molecular Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biochemistry 2020; 59:1137-1148. [PMID: 32142609 PMCID: PMC7997110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is known to express
a low-molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase. This enzyme,
denoted as MptpA (Mycobacterium protein tyrosine
phosphatase A), is essential for the pathogen to escape the host immune
system and therefore represents a target for the search of antituberculosis
drugs. MptpA was shown to undergo a conformational transition during
catalysis, leading to the closure of the active site, which is by
this means poised to the chemical step of dephosphorylation. Here
we show that MptpA is subjected to substrate activation, triggered
by p-nitrophenyl phosphate or by phosphotyrosine.
Moreover, we show that the enzyme is also activated by phosphoserine,
with serine being ineffective in enhancing MptpA activity. In addition,
we performed assays under pre-steady-state conditions, and we show
here that substrate activation is kinetically coupled to the closure
of the active site. Surprisingly, when phosphotyrosine was used as
a substrate, MptpA did not obey Michealis–Menten kinetics,
but we observed a sigmoidal dependence of the reaction velocity on
substrate concentration, suggesting the presence of an allosteric
activating site in MptpA. This site could represent a promising target
for the screening of MptpA inhibitors exerting their action independently
of the binding to the enzyme active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Stefan
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- CSGI, University of Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonio Girella
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alejandro Hochkoeppler
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- CSGI, University of Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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29
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Carmona S, Brunel JM, Bonier R, Sbarra V, Robert S, Borentain P, Lombardo D, Mas E, Gerolami R. A squalamine derivative, NV669, as a novel PTP1B inhibitor: in vitro and in vivo effects on pancreatic and hepatic tumor growth. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6651-6667. [PMID: 31803360 PMCID: PMC6877102 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NV669 is an aminosterol derived from squalamine found to possess strong anticancer effects. The aim of this study was to investigate NV669’s beneficial effects on human pancreatic and hepatic cancer models and to decipher the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in tumor growth decrease upon treatment with NV669. Pancreatic (BxPC3, MiaPaCa-2) and hepatic (HepG2, Huh7) cancer cells were treated with NV669, and the effects recorded on proliferation, cell cycle and death. Results showed that NV669 inhibited the viability of cancer cells, induced cell cycle arrest and subsequently promoted apoptosis. This was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of cyclin B1 and phosphorylated Cdk1 and by a cleavage of pro-apoptotic caspase-8 and PARP-1. Taken together, our studies showed that NV669 inhibits the proliferation of pancreatic and hepatic cancer cells through the regulation of G2/M phase transition via the cyclin B1-Cdk1 complex. In vitro NV669 inhibits PTP1B activity and FAK expression. NV669 impacts on the expression of adhesion molecules CDH-1, -2 and -3 in BxPC3 and Huh7 lines that form cell monolayers. Consecutively NV669 induces cell detachment. This suggests that NV669 by inhibiting PTP1B induces cell detachment and apoptosis.
Subsequently, our in vivo results showed that NV669 inhibited the growth of pancreatic and hepatic tumor xenografts with a significant cell cycle arrest in pre-mitotic phase and an increase of tumor cell apoptosis. Therefore, NV669 may serve as an alternative anticancer agent, used alone or in association with other medications, for the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Carmona
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Institut de Neuro-Physiopathologie, Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France
| | | | - Rénaté Bonier
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Véronique Sbarra
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Robert
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN AMUTICYT Core facility, Faculté de pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Borentain
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, AP-HM, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, Marseille, France
| | - Dominique Lombardo
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Mas
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - René Gerolami
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, AP-HM, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, Marseille, France
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30
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Wang H, Gao Y, Wang J, Cheng M. Computational Strategy Revealing the Structural Determinant of Ligand Selectivity towards Highly Similar Protein Targets. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 21:76-88. [PMID: 31556854 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190926113524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor selectivity of drug candidates may lead to toxicity and side effects accounting for as high as 60% failure rate, thus, the selectivity is consistently significant and challenging for drug discovery. OBJECTIVE To find highly specific small molecules towards very similar protein targets, multiple strategies are always employed, including (1) To make use of the diverse shape of binding pocket to avoid steric bump; (2) To increase binding affinities for favorite residues; (3) To achieve selectivity through allosteric regulation of target; (4) To stabalize the inactive conformation of protein target and (5) To occupy dual binding pockets of single target. CONCLUSION In this review, we summarize computational strategies along with examples of their successful applications in designing selective ligands, with the aim to provide insights into everdiversifying drug development practice and inspire medicinal chemists to utilize computational strategies to avoid potential side effects due to low selectivity of ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yinli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
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31
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The Role of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP)-1B in Cardiovascular Disease and Its Interplay with Insulin Resistance. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9070286. [PMID: 31319588 PMCID: PMC6680919 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a key feature of cardiovascular disorders associated with obesity and diabetes. Several studies identified protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-1B, a member of the PTP superfamily, as a major negative regulator for insulin receptor signaling and a novel molecular player in endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Unlike other anti-diabetic approaches, genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of PTP1B was found to improve glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling without causing lipid buildup in the liver, which represents an advantage over existing therapies. Furthermore, PTP1B was reported to contribute to cardiovascular disturbances, at various molecular levels, which places this enzyme as a unique single therapeutic target for both diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Synthesizing selective small molecule inhibitors for PTP1B is faced with multiple challenges linked to its similarity of sequence with other PTPs; however, overcoming these challenges would pave the way for novel approaches to treat diabetes and its concurrent cardiovascular complications. In this review article, we summarized the major roles of PTP1B in cardiovascular disease with special emphasis on endothelial dysfunction and its interplay with insulin resistance. Furthermore, we discussed some of the major challenges hindering the synthesis of selective inhibitors for PTP1B.
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32
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Xue W, Tian J, Wang XS, Xia J, Wu S. Discovery of potent PTP1B inhibitors via structure-based drug design, synthesis and in vitro bioassay of Norathyriol derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:224-234. [PMID: 30716620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has recently been identified as a potential target of Norathyriol. Unfortunately, Norathyriol is not a potent PTP1B inhibitor, which somewhat hinders its further application. Based on the fact that no study on the relationship of chemical structure and PTP1B inhibitory activity of Norathyriol has been reported so far, we attempted to perform structural optimization so as to improve the potency for PTP1B. Via structure-based drug design (SBDD), a rational strategy based on the binding mode of Norathyriol to PTP1B, we designed 26 derivatives with substitutions at the four phenolic hydroxyl groups of Norathyriol. By chemical synthesis and in vitro bioassay, we identified seven PTP1B inhibitors that were more potent than Norathyriol, of which XWJ24 showed the highest potency (IC50: 0.6 μM). We also found out that XWJ24 was a competitive inhibitor and showed the 4.5-fold selectivity over its close homolog, TC-PTP. Through molecular docking of XWJ24 against PTP1B, we highlighted the essential role of its hydrogen bond with Asp181 for PTP1B inhibition and identified a potential halogen bond with Asp48 that was not observed for Norathyriol. The current data indicate that our SBDD strategy is effective to discover potent PTP1B-targeted Norathyriol derivatives, and XWJ24 is a promising lead compound for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinlong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiang Simon Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington DC 20059, USA
| | - Jie Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Song Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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33
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Yu M, Liu Z, Liu Y, Zhou X, Sun F, Liu Y, Li L, Hua S, Zhao Y, Gao H, Zhu Z, Na M, Zhang Q, Yang R, Zhang J, Yao Y, Chen X. PTP1B markedly promotes breast cancer progression and is regulated by miR-193a-3p. FEBS J 2018; 286:1136-1153. [PMID: 30548198 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B, which is encoded by PTPN1, is a ubiquitously expressed nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase. PTP1B has long been known to negatively regulate insulin and leptin receptor signalling. Recently, it was reported to be aberrantly expressed in cancer cells and to function as an important oncogene. In this study, we found that PTP1B protein levels are dramatically increased in breast cancer (BC) tissues and that PTP1B promotes the proliferation, and suppresses the apoptosis, of both HER2-positive and triple-negative BC cell lines. Bioinformatics analysis identified that the miRNA, miR-193a-3p, might potentially target PTP1B. We demonstrate that miR-193a-3p regulates PTP1B in BC cells and that it regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of BC cells by targeting PTP1B, both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, this study confirms that PTP1B acts as an oncogene in BC and demonstrates that miR-193a-3p can serve as a tumour suppressor gene in BC by targeting PTP1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of life sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhijian Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of life sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of life sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of life sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of life sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiyu Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of life sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of life sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haidong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of life sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhouting Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muhan Na
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of life sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qipeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of life sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongzhong Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of life sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
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34
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Chen X, Gan Q, Feng C, Liu X, Zhang Q. Investigation of selective binding of inhibitors to PTP1B and TCPTP by accelerated molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:3697-3706. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1526117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Changgen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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35
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Durgannavar T, Kwon SJ, Ghisaidoobe ABT, Rho K, Kim JH, Yoon S, Kang HJ, Chung SJ. Label‐Free Detection of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) by Using a Rationally Designed Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Probe. Chembiochem 2018; 19:2495-2501. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Se Jeong Kwon
- School of PharmacySungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyungmin Rho
- Department of ChemistryDongguk University Seoul 100–715 Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hwan Kim
- Department of ChemistryDongguk University Seoul 100–715 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun‐Young Yoon
- School of PharmacySungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Kang
- Department of ChemistryDongguk University Seoul 100–715 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang J. Chung
- School of PharmacySungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
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36
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Pike KA, Tremblay ML. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases: Regulators of CD4 T Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2504. [PMID: 30429852 PMCID: PMC6220082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play a critical role in co-ordinating the signaling networks that maintain lymphocyte homeostasis and direct lymphocyte activation. By dephosphorylating tyrosine residues, PTPs have been shown to modulate enzyme activity and both mediate and disrupt protein-protein interactions. Through these molecular mechanisms, PTPs ultimately impact lymphocyte responses to environmental cues such as inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as antigenic stimulation. Mouse models of acute and chronic intestinal inflammation have been shown to be exacerbated in the absence of PTPs such as PTPN2 and PTPN22. This increase in disease severity is due in part to hyper-activation of lymphocytes in the absence of PTP activity. In accordance, human PTPs have been linked to intestinal inflammation. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) identified several PTPs within risk loci for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therapeutically targeting PTP substrates and their associated signaling pathways, such as those implicated in CD4+ T cell responses, has demonstrated clinical efficacy. The current review focuses on the role of PTPs in controlling CD4+ T cell activity in the intestinal mucosa and how disruption of PTP activity in CD4+ T cells can contribute to intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Pike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Inception Sciences Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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37
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Hinton SD. The role of pseudophosphatases as signaling regulators. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:167-174. [PMID: 30077638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pseudophosphatases are atypical members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase superfamily. Mutations within their catalytic signature motif render them catalytically inactive. Despite this lack of catalytic function, pseudophosphatases have been implicated in various diseases such as Charcot Marie-Tooth disorder, cancer, metabolic disorder, and obesity. Moreover, they have roles in various signaling networks such as spermatogenesis, apoptosis, stress response, tumorigenesis, and neurite differentiation. This review highlights the roles of pseudophosphatases as essential regulators in signaling cascades, providing insight into the function of these catalytically inactive enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantá D Hinton
- Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA.
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38
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miR-338-3p functions as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer by targeting PTP1B. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:522. [PMID: 29743567 PMCID: PMC5943282 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors and peritoneal metastasis is the primary cause for advanced GC’s mortality. Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) functions as an oncogene and involves in carcinogenesis and cancer dissemination. However, the function and regulation of PTP1B in GC remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that PTP1B was upregulated in GC tissues and overexpression of PTP1B in vitro promoted cell migration and prevented apoptosis. Then, we predicted that PTP1B was a target of miR-338-3p and we revealed an inverse correlation between miR-338-3p levels and PTP1B protein levels in GC tissues. Next, we verified that PTP1B was inhibited by miR-338-3p via direct targeting to its 3′-untranslated regions. Moreover, overexpression of miR-338-3p in vitro attenuated GC cell migration and promoted apoptosis, and these effects could be partially reversed by reintroduction of PTP1B. Finally, we established an orthotopic xenograft model and a peritoneal dissemination model of GC to demonstrate that miR-338-3p restrained tumor growth and dissemination in vivo by targeting PTP1B. Taken together, our results highlight that PTP1B is an oncogene and is negatively regulated by miR-338-3p in GC, which may provide new insights into novel molecular therapeutic targets for GC.
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39
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Ruddraraju KV, Zhang ZY. Covalent inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 13:1257-1279. [PMID: 28534914 DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00151g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are a large family of 107 signaling enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic removal of phosphate groups from tyrosine residues in a target protein. The phosphorylation status of tyrosine residues on proteins serve as a ubiquitous mechanism for cellular signal transduction. Aberrant function of PTPs can lead to many human diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. As the number of disease relevant PTPs increases, there is urgency in developing highly potent inhibitors that are selective towards specific PTPs. Most current efforts have been devoted to the development of active site-directed and reversible inhibitors for PTPs. This review summarizes recent progress made in the field of covalent inhibitors to target PTPs. Here, we discuss the in vivo and in vitro inactivation of various PTPs by small molecule-containing electrophiles, such as Michael acceptors, α-halo ketones, epoxides, and isothiocyanates, etc. as well as oxidizing agents. We also suggest potential strategies to transform these electrophiles into isozyme selective covalent PTP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasi Viswanatharaju Ruddraraju
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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40
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Chen X, Gan Q, Feng C, Liu X, Zhang Q. Virtual Screening of Novel and Selective Inhibitors of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B over T-Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Using a Bidentate Inhibition Strategy. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:837-847. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiang Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Changgen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
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41
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Hon J, Hwang MS, Charnetzki MA, Rashed IJ, Brady PB, Quillin S, Makinen MW. Kinetic characterization of the inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B by Vanadyl (VO 2+) chelates. J Biol Inorg Chem 2017; 22:1267-1279. [PMID: 29071441 PMCID: PMC5671894 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) are a prominent focus of drug design studies because of their roles in homeostasis and disorders of metabolism. These studies have met with little success because (1) virtually all inhibitors hitherto exhibit only competitive behavior and (2) a consensus sequence H/V-C-X5-R-S/T characterizes the active sites of PTPases, leading to low specificity of active site directed inhibitors. With protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) identifed as the target enzyme of the vanadyl (VO2+) chelate bis(acetylacetonato)oxidovanadium(IV) [VO(acac)2] in 3T3-L1 adipocytes [Ou et al. J Biol Inorg Chem 10: 874-886, 2005], we compared the inhibition of PTP1B by VO(acac)2 with other VO2+-chelates, namely, bis(2-ethyl-maltolato)oxidovanadium(IV) [VO(Et-malto)2] and bis(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4(1H)pyridinonato)oxidovanadium(IV) [VO(mpp)2] under steady-state conditions, using the soluble portion of the recombinant human enzyme (residues 1-321). Our results differed from those of previous investigations because we compared inhibition in the presence of the nonspecific substrate p-nitrophenylphosphate and the phosphotyrosine-containing undecapeptide DADEpYLIPQQG mimicking residues 988-998 of the epidermal growth factor receptor, a relevant, natural substrate. While VO(Et-malto)2 acts only as a noncompetitive inhibitor in the presence of either subtrate, VO(acac)2 exhibits classical uncompetitive inhibition in the presence of DADEpYLIPQQG but only apparent competitive inhibition with p-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate. Because uncompetitive inhibitors are more potent pharmacologically than competitive inhibitors, structural characterization of the site of uncompetitive binding of VO(acac)2 may provide a new direction for design of inhibitors for therapeutic purposes. Our results suggest also that the true behavior of other inhibitors may have been masked when assayed with only p-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Hon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Center for Integrative Science, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Michelle S Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Center for Integrative Science, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Meara A Charnetzki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Center for Integrative Science, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Issra J Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Center for Integrative Science, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Patrick B Brady
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Center for Integrative Science, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Sarah Quillin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Center for Integrative Science, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Marvin W Makinen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Center for Integrative Science, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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Moon J, Ha J, Park SH. Identification of PTPN1 as a novel negative regulator of the JNK MAPK pathway using a synthetic screening for pathway-specific phosphatases. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12974. [PMID: 29021559 PMCID: PMC5636874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades transmit extracellular stimulations to generate various cellular responses via the sequential and reversible phosphorylation of kinases. Since the strength and duration of kinase phosphorylation within the pathway determine the cellular response, both kinases and phosphatases play an essential role in the precise control of MAPK pathway activation and attenuation. Thus, the identification of pathway-specific phosphatases is critical for understanding the functional mechanisms by which the MAPK pathway is regulated. To identify phosphatases specific to the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK pathway, a synthetic screening approach was utilized in which phosphatases were individually tethered to the JNK pathway specific-JIP1 scaffold protein. Of 77 mammalian phosphatases tested, PTPN1 led to the inhibition of JNK pathway activation. Further analyses revealed that of three pathway member kinases, PTPN1 directly dephosphorylates JNK, the terminal kinase of the pathway, and negatively regulates the JNK MAPK pathway. Specifically, PTPN1 appears to regulate the overall signaling magnitude, rather than the adaptation timing, suggesting that PTPN1 might be involved in the control and maintenance of signaling noise. Finally, the negative regulation of the JNK MAPK pathway by PTPN1 was found to reduce the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-dependent cell death response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jain Ha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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Recent advances in understanding the role of protein-tyrosine phosphatases in development and disease. Dev Biol 2017; 428:283-292. [PMID: 28728679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) remove phosphate groups from tyrosine residues, and thereby propagate or inhibit signal transduction, and hence influence cellular processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation. The importance of tightly controlled PTP activity is reflected by the numerous mechanisms employed by the cell to control PTP activity, including a variety of post-translational modifications, and restricted subcellular localization. This review highlights the strides made in the last decade and discusses the important role of PTPs in key aspects of embryonic development: the regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, gastrulation and somitogenesis during early embryonic development, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis. The tentative importance of PTPs in these processes is highlighted by the diseases that present upon aberrant activity.
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Leveraging Reciprocity to Identify and Characterize Unknown Allosteric Sites in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases. J Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28625849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Drug-like molecules targeting allosteric sites in proteins are of great therapeutic interest; however, identification of potential sites is not trivial. A straightforward approach to identify hidden allosteric sites is demonstrated in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) by creation of single alanine mutations in the catalytic acid loop of PTP1B and VHR. This approach relies on the reciprocal interactions between an allosteric site and its coupled orthosteric site. The resulting NMR chemical shift perturbations (CSPs) of each mutant reveal clusters of distal residues affected by acid loop mutation. In PTP1B and VHR, two new allosteric clusters were identified in each enzyme. Mutations in these allosteric clusters altered phosphatase activity with changes in kcat/KM ranging from 30% to nearly 100-fold. This work outlines a simple method for identification of new allosteric sites in PTP, and given the basis of this method in thermodynamics, it is expected to be generally useful in other systems.
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Bongard RD, Lepley M, Thakur K, Talipov MR, Nayak J, Lipinski RAJ, Bohl C, Sweeney N, Ramchandran R, Rathore R, Sem DS. Serendipitous discovery of light-induced (In Situ) formation of an Azo-bridged dimeric sulfonated naphthol as a potent PTP1B inhibitor. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 18:10. [PMID: 28569147 PMCID: PMC5452347 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-017-0083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) like dual specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) are drug targets for diseases that include cancer, diabetes, and vascular disorders such as hemangiomas. The PTPs are also known to be notoriously difficult targets for designing inihibitors that become viable drug leads. Therefore, the pipeline for approved drugs in this class is minimal. Furthermore, drug screening for targets like PTPs often produce false positive and false negative results. Results Studies presented herein provide important insights into: (a) how to detect such artifacts, (b) the importance of compound re-synthesis and verification, and (c) how in situ chemical reactivity of compounds, when diagnosed and characterized, can actually lead to serendipitous discovery of valuable new lead molecules. Initial docking of compounds from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), followed by experimental testing in enzyme inhibition assays, identified an inhibitor of DUSP5. Subsequent control experiments revealed that this compound demonstrated time-dependent inhibition, and also a time-dependent change in color of the inhibitor that correlated with potency of inhibition. In addition, the compound activity varied depending on vendor source. We hypothesized, and then confirmed by synthesis of the compound, that the actual inhibitor of DUSP5 was a dimeric form of the original inhibitor compound, formed upon exposure to light and oxygen. This compound has an IC50 of 36 μM for DUSP5, and is a competitive inhibitor. Testing against PTP1B, for selectivity, demonstrated the dimeric compound was actually a more potent inhibitor of PTP1B, with an IC50 of 2.1 μM. The compound, an azo-bridged dimer of sulfonated naphthol rings, resembles previously reported PTP inhibitors, but with 18-fold selectivity for PTP1B versus DUSP5. Conclusion We report the identification of a potent PTP1B inhibitor that was initially identified in a screen for DUSP5, implying common mechanism of inhibitory action for these scaffolds. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12858-017-0083-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Bongard
- Center for Structure-based Drug Design and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Concordia University of Wisconsin, Mequon, WI, 53097, USA
| | - Michael Lepley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children's Research Institute (CRI) Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Khushabu Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Wehr Chemistry Building, P.O. Box 1881, 535 N. 14th Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - Marat R Talipov
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Wehr Chemistry Building, P.O. Box 1881, 535 N. 14th Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - Jaladhi Nayak
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children's Research Institute (CRI) Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Rachel A Jones Lipinski
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children's Research Institute (CRI) Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Wehr Chemistry Building, P.O. Box 1881, 535 N. 14th Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - Chris Bohl
- Center for Structure-based Drug Design and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Concordia University of Wisconsin, Mequon, WI, 53097, USA
| | - Noreena Sweeney
- Center for Structure-based Drug Design and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Concordia University of Wisconsin, Mequon, WI, 53097, USA
| | - Ramani Ramchandran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children's Research Institute (CRI) Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Rajendra Rathore
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Wehr Chemistry Building, P.O. Box 1881, 535 N. 14th Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA.
| | - Daniel S Sem
- Center for Structure-based Drug Design and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Concordia University of Wisconsin, Mequon, WI, 53097, USA.
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Hwang SW, Lee HY, Cha JY, Kim BR, Park M, Lee BR, Moon KH, Lee JH, Kim DG, Kim W, Jeong KO, Lee YM. Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition Activity against α-Glucosidase and PTP1B of Chrysanthemum indicum L. Extract and Fractions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.17495/easdl.2017.4.27.2.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhang ZY. Drugging the Undruggable: Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:122-129. [PMID: 27977138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are essential signaling enzymes that, together with protein tyrosine kinases, regulate tyrosine phosphorylation inside the cell. Proper level of tyrosine phosphorylation is important for a diverse array of cellular processes, such as proliferation, metabolism, motility, and survival. Aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation, resulting from alteration of PTP expression, misregulation, and mutation, has been linked to the etiology of many human ailments including cancer, diabetes/obesity, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. However, despite the fact that PTPs have been garnering attention as compelling drug targets, they remain a largely underexploited resource for therapeutic intervention. Indeed, PTPs have been widely dismissed as "undruggable", due to concerns that (1) the highly conserved active site (i.e., pTyr-binding pocket) makes it difficult to achieve inhibitor selectivity among closely related family members, and (2) the positive-charged active site prefers negatively charged molecules, which usually lack cell permeability. To address the issue of selectivity, we advanced a novel paradigm for the acquisition of highly potent and selective PTP inhibitors through generation of bivalent ligands that interact with both PTP active site and adjacent unique peripheral pockets. To overcome the bioavailability issue, we have identified nonhydrolyzable pTyr mimetics that are sufficiently polar to bind the PTP active site, yet still capable of efficiently penetrating cell membranes. We show that these pTyr mimetics interact in the desired inhibitory fashion with the PTP active site and tethering them to appropriate molecular fragments to engage less conserved interactions outside of PTP active site can increase PTP inhibitor potency and selectivity. We demonstrate through three pTyr mimetics fragment-based approaches that it is completely feasible to obtain highly potent and selective PTP inhibitors with robust in vivo efficacy in animal models of oncology, diabetes/obesity, autoimmune disorders, and tuberculosis. We hope that these results will help dispel concerns about the druggability of PTPs and entice further effort in fostering a PTP-based drug discovery enterprise. Well-characterized, potent, selective and bioactive inhibitors are essential tools for functional interrogation of PTPs in disease biology and target validation. They will also play a critical role in illuminating the druggability of PTPs and provide the groundwork for new therapies for the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Center for Cancer
Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720
Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Thiebaut PA, Besnier M, Gomez E, Richard V. Role of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B in cardiovascular diseases. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 101:50-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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The design strategy of selective PTP1B inhibitors over TCPTP. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3343-52. [PMID: 27353889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has already been well studied as a highly validated therapeutic target for diabetes and obesity. However, the lack of selectivity limited further studies and clinical applications of PTP1B inhibitors, especially over T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP). In this review, we enumerate the published specific inhibitors of PTP1B, discuss the structure-activity relationships by analysis of their X-ray structures or docking results, and summarize the characteristic of selectivity related residues and groups. Furthermore, the design strategy of selective PTP1B inhibitors over TCPTP is also proposed. We hope our work could provide an effective way to gain specific PTP1B inhibitors.
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Beck JR, Lawrence A, Tung AS, Harris EN, Stains CI. Interrogating Endogenous Protein Phosphatase Activity with Rationally Designed Chemosensors. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:284-90. [PMID: 26580981 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a versatile approach for repurposing protein kinase chemosensors, containing the phosphorylation-sensitive sulfonamido-oxine fluorophore termed Sox, for the specific determination of endogenous protein phosphatase activity from whole cell lysates and tissue homogenates. As a demonstration of this approach, we design and evaluate a direct chemosensor for protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B), an established signaling node in human disease. The optimal sensor design is capable of detecting as little as 6 pM (12 pg) full-length recombinant PTP1B and is remarkably selective for PTP1B among a panel of highly homologous tyrosine phosphatases. Coupling this robust activity probe with the specificity of antibodies allowed for the temporal analysis of endogenous PTP1B activity dynamics in lysates generated from HepG2 cells after stimulation with insulin. Lastly, we leveraged this assay format to profile PTP1B activity perturbations in a rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), providing direct evidence for elevated PTP1B catalytic activity in this disease state. Given the modular nature of this assay, we anticipate that this approach will have broad utility in monitoring phosphatase activity dynamics in human disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon R. Beck
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Antoneal Lawrence
- Department
of Chemistry, Lincoln University, Lincoln University, Pennsylvania 19352, United States
| | - Amar S. Tung
- Department
of Chemistry, Lincoln University, Lincoln University, Pennsylvania 19352, United States
| | - Edward N. Harris
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Cliff I. Stains
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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