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Fowler JS, Logan J, Shumay E, Alia-Klein N, Wang GJ, Volkow ND. Monoamine oxidase: radiotracer chemistry and human studies. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015; 58:51-64. [PMID: 25678277 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) oxidizes amines from both endogenous and exogenous sources thereby regulating the concentration of neurotransmitter amines such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine as well as many xenobiotics. MAO inhibitor drugs are used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and in depression stimulating the development of radiotracer tools to probe the role of MAO in normal human biology and in disease. Over the past 30 years since the first radiotracers were developed and the first positron emission tomography (PET) images of MAO in humans were carried out, PET studies of brain MAO in healthy volunteers and in patients have identified different variables that have contributed to different MAO levels in brain and in peripheral organs. MAO radiotracers and PET have also been used to study the current and developing MAO inhibitor drugs including the selection of doses for clinical trials. In this article, we describe the following: (1) the development of MAO radiotracers; (2) human studies including the relationship of brain MAO levels to genotype, personality, neurological, and psychiatric disorders; and (3) examples of the use of MAO radiotracers in drug research and development. We will conclude with outstanding needs to improve the radiotracers that are currently used and possible new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna S Fowler
- Biological, Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
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RUBIN LS. DIVISION OF PSYCHOLOGY: PUPILLARY REACTIVITY AS A MEASURE OF AUTONOMIC BALANCE IN THE STUDY OF PSYCHOTIC BEHAVIOR: A RATIONAL APPROACH TO CHEMOTHERAPY*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 22:509-18. [PMID: 14439885 DOI: 10.1111/j.2164-0947.1960.tb00720.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Stern G. The mother of all amine oxidases and the proposed father of amine oxidase inhibitors. Mov Disord 2011; 26:195-6. [PMID: 21412828 DOI: 10.1002/mds.23303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Bartlet AL. The 5-hydroxytryptamine content of mouse brain and whole mice after treatment with some drugs affecting the central nervous system. BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPY 2009; 15:140-6. [PMID: 19108131 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1960.tb01222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A number of drugs were examined for their ability to change the concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine in mouse brain and in whole mice treated with 5-hydroxytryptophan. After beta-phenylisopropylhydrazine or iproniazid, two inhibitors of monoamine oxidase, the brain 5-hydroxytryptamine rose to a maximum value in 8 hr., after which it declined, although a slight rise remained for as long as 6 days. Dose-effect relationships, determined 6 hr. after administration, showed beta-phenyl-isopropylhydrazine to be approximately 60 times as effective as iproniazid in raising the brain 5-hydroxytryptamine. When mice were given 5-hydroxytryptophan and the amine content of the whole mice estimated, pretreatment with beta-phenylisopropylhydrazine increased their 5-hydroxytryptamine content whereas pretreatment with iproniazid did not change it. The concentration of the amine in mouse brain and in whole mice was lower after reserpine, but was raised when reserpine and beta-phenylisopropylhydrazine were given together. A small rise in brain 5-hydroxytryptamine was found after chlorpromazine; when chlorpromazine was given with iproniazid, however, the resulting increase was less than that found after iproniazid alone. Brain 5-hydroxytryptamine was unaltered after prolonged treatment with morphine.
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Effect of Marsilid on Excretion of 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxymandelic Acid in Man. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2009; 11:224-5. [PMID: 13835404 DOI: 10.3109/00365515909060440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Iisalo E, Pekkarinen A. Enzyme Action on Adrenaline and Noradrenaline. Studies on Heart Muscle in Vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1958.tb00294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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KUNTZMAN R, JACOBSON MM. THE INHIBITION OF MONOAMINE OXIDASE BY BENZYL AND PHENETHYLGUANIDINES RELATED TO BRETYLIUM AND GUANETHIDINE. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 107:945-50. [PMID: 13927386 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb13337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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SJOERDSMA A, GILLESPIE L, UDENFRIEND S. A METHOD FOR MEASUREMENT OF MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITION IN MAN: APPLICATION TO STUDIES ON HYPERTENSION. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 80:969-80. [PMID: 13831423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1959.tb49272.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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ZELLER EA, BLANKSMA LA, BURKARD WP, PACHA WL, LAZANAS JC. IN VITRO AND IN VIVO INHIBITION OF AMINE OXIDASES. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 80:583-9. [PMID: 13847236 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1959.tb49236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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ZELLER EA. A NEW APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN MONOAMINE OXIDASE AND ITS SUBSTRATES AND INHIBITORS. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 107:811-21. [PMID: 14003432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb13325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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UDENFRIEND S, WEISSBACH H, BRODIE BB. Assay of Serotonin and Related Metabolites, Enzymes, and Drugs. METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2006; 6:95-130. [PMID: 13577424 DOI: 10.1002/9780470110225.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Fowler JS, Logan J, Volkow ND, Wang GJ. Translational neuroimaging: positron emission tomography studies of monoamine oxidase. Mol Imaging Biol 2006; 7:377-87. [PMID: 16265597 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-005-0016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) using radiotracers with high molecular specificity is an important scientific tool in studies of monoamine oxidase (MAO), an important enzyme in the regulation of the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin as well as the dietary amine, tyramine. MAO occurs in two different subtypes, MAO A and MAO B, which have different substrate and inhibitor specificity and which are different gene products. The highly variable subtype distribution with different species makes human studies of special value. MAO A and B can be imaged in the human brain and certain peripheral organs using PET and carbon-11 (half-life 20.4 minutes) labeled mechanism-based irreversible inhibitors, clorgyline and L -deprenyl, respectively. In this article we introduce MAO and describe the development of these radiotracers and their translation from preclinical studies to the investigation of variables affecting MAO in the human brain and peripheral organs.
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Zeller EA, Blanksma LA, Carbon JA. Über die Wirkung von optisch aktiven Hydraziden auf die Diamin-oxydase. 14. Mitteilung über Amin-oxydasen. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19570400202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Albert Zeller E, Fouts JR, Carbon JA, Lazanas JC, Voegtli W. Über die Substratspezifität der Diamin-oxydase. 12. Mitteilung über Amin-oxydasen. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19560390622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Sarkar S, Banerjee R, Ise MS, Albert Zeller E. Über die Wirkung von 2-Phenylcyclopropylaminen auf die monoamin-oxydase und andere Enzymsysteme. 18. Mitteilung über Amin-oxydasen. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19600430156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Carbon JA, Burkard WP, Zeller EA. Über die Wirkung von symmetrischen 1,2-Dialkylhydrazinen auf Carbonylverbindungen und Amin-oxydasen. 16. Mitteilung über Amin-oxydasen. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19580410642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Current cigarette smokers have reduced monoamine oxidase (MAO) and there is evidence that this is a pharmacological effect of tobacco smoke exposure rather than a biological characteristic of smokers. This article summarizes human and animal studies documenting the inhibitory effects of tobacco smoke on MAO and discusses MAO inhibition in the context of smoking epidemiology, MAO inhibitor compounds in tobacco, reinvestigations of low platelet MAO in psychiatric disorders and smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna S Fowler
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
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Edmondson DE. Benzylamine analog binding studies as probes of the substrate sites of monoamine oxidases A and B. Drug Metab Rev 1999; 31:235-45. [PMID: 10065374 DOI: 10.1081/dmr-100101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D E Edmondson
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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DOBKIN AB. Drugs which stimulate affective behavior. 2. Comparison of the analeptic effect of d'amphetamine, bemigride with amiphenazole, methylphenidylacetate, iproniazid (micoren) and RP8228. Anaesthesia 1998; 15:146-53. [PMID: 13817063 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1960.tb13319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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KEKKI M. Microdetermination of amino nitrogen as copper complexes: a modification for plasma and urine. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 1998; 11:311-21. [PMID: 14405196 DOI: 10.3109/00365515909060458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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KILOH LG, CHILD JP, LATNER G. A controlled trial of iproniazid in the treatment of endogenous depression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998; 106:1139-44. [PMID: 13755968 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.106.444.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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FRIEDEN E, WESTMARK GW, SCHOR JM. Inhibition of tryptophan pyrrolase by serotonin, epinephrine and tryptophan analogs. Arch Biochem Biophys 1998; 92:176-82. [PMID: 13701960 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(61)90233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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HORITA A. THE INITIAL INACTIVATION OF PHENELZINE BY A MONOAMINE OXIDASE-LIKE SYSTEM IN VITRO AND IN VIVO. BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPY 1996; 24:245-52. [PMID: 14302358 PMCID: PMC1704065 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1965.tb02100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fowler JS, Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Pappas N, Logan J, Shea C, Alexoff D, MacGregor RR, Schlyer DJ, Zezulkova I, Wolf AP. Brain monoamine oxidase A inhibition in cigarette smokers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:14065-9. [PMID: 8943061 PMCID: PMC19495 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.24.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have documented a strong association between smoking and depression. Because cigarette smoke has been reported to inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) A in vitro and in animals and because MAO A inhibitors are effective antidepressants, we tested the hypothesis that MAO A would be reduced in the brain of cigarette smokers. We compared brain MAO A in 15 nonsmokers and 16 current smokers with [11C]clorgyline and positron emission tomography (PET). Four of the nonsmokers were also treated with the antidepressant MAO inhibitor drug, tranylcypromine (10 mg/day for 3 days) after the baseline PET scan and then rescanned to assess the sensitivity of [11C]clorgyline binding to MAO inhibition. MAO A levels were quantified by using the model term lambda k3 which is a function of brain MAO A concentration. Smokers had significantly lower brain MAO A than nonsmokers in all brain regions examined (average reduction, 28%). The mean lambda k3 values for the whole brain were 0.18 +/- 0.04 and 0.13 +/- 0.03 ccbrain (mlplasma)-1 min-1 for nonsmokers and smokers, respectively; P < 0.0003). Tranyl-cypromine treatment reduced lambda k3 by an average of 58% for the different brain regions. Our results show that tobacco smoke exposure is associated with a marked reduction in brain MAO A, and this reduction is about half of that produced by a brief treatment with tranylcypromine. This suggests that MAO A inhibition needs to be considered as a potential contributing variable in the high rate of smoking in depression and in the development of more effective strategies for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Fowler
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA.
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Fowler JS, Wolf AP, MacGregor RR, Dewey SL, Logan J, Schlyer DJ, Langstrom B. Mechanistic positron emission tomography studies: demonstration of a deuterium isotope effect in the monoamine oxidase-catalyzed binding of [11C]L-deprenyl in living baboon brain. J Neurochem 1988; 51:1524-34. [PMID: 3139834 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb01121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The application of positron emission tomography (PET) to the study of biochemical transformations in the living human and animal body requires the development of highly selective radiotracers whose concentrations in tissue provide a record of a discrete metabolic process. L-N-[11C-methyl]Deprenyl ([11C]L-deprenyl), a suicide inactivator of monoamine oxidase (MAO) type B, has been developed as a radiotracer for mapping MAO B in the living human and animal brain. In this investigation, [11C]L-deprenyl (1) and [11C]L-deprenyl-alpha, alpha-2H2 (2) have been compared in three different baboons by PET measurement of carbon-11 uptake and retention in the brain and the measurement of the amount of unchanged tracer in the arterial plasma over a 90-min time interval. For one baboon, N-[11C-methyl-2H3]L-deprenyl (3) was also studied. Kinetic parameters calculated using a three-compartment model revealed a deuterium isotope effect of 3.8 +/- 1.1. Comparison of the two tracers (1 and 2) in mouse brain demonstrated that deuterium substitution significantly reduced the amount of radioactivity bound to protein. HPLC and GLC analysis of the soluble radioactivity in mouse brain after injection of [11C]L-deprenyl showed the presence of [11C]methamphetamine as a major product along with unidentified labeled products. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis with carbon-14-labeled L-deprenyl showed that a protein of molecular weight 58,000 was labeled. These results establish that MAO-catalyzed cleavage of the alpha carbon-hydrogen bond on the propargyl group is the rate limiting (or a major rate contributing) step in the retention of carbon-11 in brain and that the in vivo detection of labeled products in brain after the injection of [11C]L-deprenyl provides a record of MAO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Fowler
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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Kerklaan PR, Bouter S, Zijlstra JA, Mohn GR. The effect of mixed-function oxidase and amine oxidase inhibitors on the activation of dialkylnitrosamines and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine to bacterial mutagens in mice. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1986; 111:196-202. [PMID: 3525573 DOI: 10.1007/bf00389234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the mixed-function oxidase inhibitor phenylimidazole (PI) and the amine oxidase inhibitors iproniazid (IPRO) and aminoacetonitrile (AAN) on the mutagenic activity of various carcinogens was determined in intrasanguineous host-mediated assays, using mice as hosts and E. coli 343/113 as an indicator of mutagenic activity. The carcinogenic compounds dimethyl-, diethyl-, methylethyl-, and diethanolnitrosamine (DMNA, DENA, MENA, and DELNA respectively) and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (SDMH) were administered i.p. to mice pretreated or not with one of the inhibitors. After 4 h exposure to each of the carcinogens, E. coli cells recovered from the liver of non-pretreated mice showed considerable induction of VALr mutations; after pretreatment of the hosts with the three inhibitors, significant reduction of the amounts of induced mutants in vivo was observed. Particularly, PI proved a very efficient inhibitor of DENA, MENA, DELNA, and SDMH mutagenicity (93%-97% reduction), suggesting that these carcinogens are mainly activated by cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes. However, since PI might also inhibit the NAD-mediated activation of DELNA by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), the present experiments do not rule out an additional role of ADH in the in vivo mutagenic activation of DELNA. AAN and IPRO were less and much less effective, respectively, in reducing the mutagenic activity of all compounds. Surprisingly, PI showed less inhibition of the mutagenic activity of DMNA (60% reduction), as compared to the other carcinogens; this indicates that metabolic routes other than the cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme system may be important for the activation of DMNA.
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MacFarlane MD, Besbris H. Procaine (Gerovital H3) therapy: mechanism of inhibition of monoamine oxidase. J Am Geriatr Soc 1974; 22:365-71. [PMID: 4853784 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1974.tb04843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Symes AL, Sourkes TL. Pharmacological and biochemical actions of the hemolytic agents acetylphenylhydrazine and phenylhydrazine on monoamine oxidase in the rat. Biochem Pharmacol 1974; 23:2045-56. [PMID: 4422032 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(74)90263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Geneser-Jensen FA. Distribution of monoamine oxidase in the hippocampal region of the guinea pig. 3. The dental area. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1973; 137:1-12. [PMID: 4120799 DOI: 10.1007/bf00307045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Geneser-Jensen FA. Distribution of monoamine oxidase in the hippocampal region of the guinea pig. I. Entorhinal area, parasubiculum, and presubiculum. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1971; 117:46-64. [PMID: 4934460 DOI: 10.1007/bf00331100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kinemuchi H. Studies on Monoamine Oxidase (Report 13) Isolation of Two Different Types of Monoamine Oxidase from Beef Liver Mitochondria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-5198(19)36178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Geneser-Jensen FA. Distribution of monoamine oxidase in the hippocampal region of the guinea pig. Cell Tissue Res 1971. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00337637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Effect of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor iproniazid on thyroid function in healthy rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis. Bull Exp Biol Med 1970. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00845225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hall DW, Logan BW. Further studies on the inhibition of monoamine oxidase by M & B 9302 (clorgyline). II. Comparison of M & B 9302 inhibition with that of iproniazid. Biochem Pharmacol 1969; 18:1955-9. [PMID: 5811628 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(69)90291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Clineschmidt BV, Horita A. The monoamine oxidase catalyzed degradation of phenelzine-l-14C, an irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase--I. Studies in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol 1969; 18:1011-20. [PMID: 4389278 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(69)90104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Sandler M, Ruthven CR. The biosynthesis and metabolism of the catecholamines. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1969; 6:200-65. [PMID: 4898078 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Horita A. The influence of age on the recovery of cardiac monoamine oxidase after irreversible inhibition. Biochem Pharmacol 1968; 17:2091-6. [PMID: 5696878 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(68)90183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Tipton KF. The purification of pig brain mitochondrial monoamine oxidase. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1968; 4:103-7. [PMID: 5646141 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1968.tb00178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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