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Notaguchi M, Ichita M, Kawasoe T, Monda K, Kurotani KI, Higaki T, Iba K, Hashimoto-Sugimoto M. The PATROL1 function in roots contributes to the increase in shoot biomass. PLANTA 2024; 260:105. [PMID: 39325207 PMCID: PMC11427605 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04526-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION PATOL1 contributes to increasing biomass not only by effective stomatal movement but also by root meristematic activity. PATROL1 (PROTON ATPase TRANSLOCATION CONTROL 1), a protein with a MUN domain, is involved in the intercellular trafficking of AHA1 H+-ATPase to the plasma membrane in guard cells. This allows for larger stomatal opening and more efficient photosynthesis, leading to increased biomass. Although PATROL1 is expressed not only in stomata but also in other tissues of the shoot and root, the role in other tissues than stomata has not been determined yet. Here, we investigated PATROL1 functions in roots using a loss-of-function mutant and an overexpressor. Cytological observations revealed that root meristematic size was significantly smaller in the mutant resulting in the short primary root. Grafting experiments showed that the shoot biomass of the mutant scion was increased when it grafted onto wild-type or overexpressor rootstocks. Conversely, grafting of the overexpressor scion shoot enhanced the growth of the mutant rootstock. The leaf temperatures of the grafted plants were consistent with those of their respective genotypes, indicating cell-autonomous behavior of stomatal movement and independent roles of PATROL1 in plant growth. Moreover, plasma membrane localization of AHA1 was not altered in root epidermal cells in the patrol1 mutant implying existence of a different mode of PATROL1 action in roots. Thus PATROL1 plays a role in root meristem and contributes to increase shoot biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michitaka Notaguchi
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-Cho, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Manami Ichita
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takaya Kawasoe
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Keina Monda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kurotani
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takumi Higaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
- International Research Center for Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Koh Iba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mimi Hashimoto-Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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Havshøi NW, Nielsen J, Fuglsang AT. The mechanism behind tenuazonic acid-mediated inhibition of plant plasma membrane H +-ATPase and plant growth. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107167. [PMID: 38490436 PMCID: PMC11002603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of herbicide-resistant weeds has led to a search for new herbicides that target plant growth processes differing from those targeted by current herbicides. In recent years, some studies have explored the use of natural compounds from microorganisms as potential new herbicides. We previously demonstrated that tenuazonic acid (TeA) from the phytopathogenic fungus Stemphylium loti inhibits the plant plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase, representing a new target for herbicides. In this study, we further investigated the mechanism by which TeA inhibits PM H+-ATPase and the effect of the toxin on plant growth using Arabidopsis thaliana. We also studied the biochemical effects of TeA on the PM H+-ATPases from spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and A. thaliana (AHA2) by examining PM H+-ATPase activity under different conditions and in different mutants. Treatment with 200 μM TeA-induced cell necrosis in larger plants and treatment with 10 μM TeA almost completely inhibited cell elongation and root growth in seedlings. We show that the isoleucine backbone of TeA is essential for inhibiting the ATPase activity of the PM H+-ATPase. Additionally, this inhibition depends on the C-terminal domain of AHA2, and TeA binding to PM H+-ATPase requires the Regulatory Region I of the C-terminal domain in AHA2. TeA likely has a higher binding affinity toward PM H+-ATPase than the phytotoxin fusicoccin. Finally, our findings show that TeA retains the H+-ATPase in an inhibited state, suggesting that it could act as a lead compound for creating new herbicides targeting the PM H+-ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Weise Havshøi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - John Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Thoe Fuglsang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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3
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Agrahari RK, Kobayashi Y, Enomoto T, Miyachi T, Sakuma M, Fujita M, Ogata T, Fujita Y, Iuchi S, Kobayashi M, Yamamoto YY, Koyama H. STOP1-regulated SMALL AUXIN UP RNA55 ( SAUR55) is involved in proton/malate co-secretion for Al tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e557. [PMID: 38161730 PMCID: PMC10755337 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Proton (H+) release is linked to aluminum (Al)-enhanced organic acids (OAs) excretion from the roots under Al rhizotoxicity in plants. It is well-reported that the Al-enhanced organic acid excretion mechanism is regulated by SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY1 (STOP1), a zinc-finger TF that regulates major Al tolerance genes. However, the mechanism of H+ release linked to OAs excretion under Al stress has not been fully elucidated. Recent physiological and molecular-genetic studies have implicated the involvement of SMALL AUXIN UP RNAs (SAURs) in the activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPases for stress responses in plants. We hypothesized that STOP1 is involved in the regulation of Al-responsive SAURs, which may contribute to the co-secretion of protons and malate under Al stress conditions. In our transcriptome analysis of the roots of the stop1 (sensitive to proton rhizotoxicity1) mutant, we found that STOP1 regulates the transcription of one of the SAURs, namely SAUR55. Furthermore, we observed that the expression of SAUR55 was induced by Al and repressed in the STOP1 T-DNA insertion knockout (KO) mutant (STOP1-KO). Through in silico analysis, we identified a functional STOP1-binding site in the promoter of SAUR55. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that STOP1 directly binds to the promoter of SAUR55. This suggests that STOP1 directly regulates the expression of SAUR55 under Al stress. We next examined proton release in the rhizosphere and malate excretion in the T-DNA insertion KO mutant of SAUR55 (saur55), in conjunction with STOP1-KO. Both saur55 and STOP1-KO suppressed rhizosphere acidification and malate release under Al stress. Additionally, the root growth of saur55 was sensitive to Al-containing media. In contrast, the overexpressed line of SAUR55 enhanced rhizosphere acidification and malate release, leading to increased Al tolerance. These associations with Al tolerance were also observed in natural variations of Arabidopsis. These findings demonstrate that transcriptional regulation of SAUR55 by STOP1 positively regulates H+ excretion via PM H+-ATPase 2 which enhances Al tolerance by malate secretion from the roots of Arabidopsis. The activation of PM H+-ATPase 2 by SAUR55 was suggested to be due to PP2C.D2/D5 inhibition by interaction on the plasma membrane with its phosphatase. Furthermore, RNAi-suppression of NtSTOP1 in tobacco shows suppression of rhizosphere acidification under Al stress, which was associated with the suppression of SAUR55 orthologs, which are inducible by Al in tobacco. It suggests that transcriptional regulation of Al-inducible SAURs by STOP1 plays a critical role in OAs excretion in several plant species as an Al tolerance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takuo Enomoto
- Faculty of Applied Biological SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
| | - Tasuku Miyachi
- Faculty of Applied Biological SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
| | - Marie Sakuma
- Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy UnitRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Miki Fujita
- Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy UnitRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Takuya Ogata
- Biological Resources and Post‐harvest DivisionJapan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS)TsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Yasunari Fujita
- Biological Resources and Post‐harvest DivisionJapan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS)TsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Satoshi Iuchi
- Experimental Plant DivisionRIKEN BioResource Research CenterTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Masatomo Kobayashi
- Experimental Plant DivisionRIKEN BioResource Research CenterTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- Faculty of Applied Biological SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
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4
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Sena F, Kunze R. The K + transporter NPF7.3/NRT1.5 and the proton pump AHA2 contribute to K + transport in Arabidopsis thaliana under K + and NO 3- deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1287843. [PMID: 38046603 PMCID: PMC10690419 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1287843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3 -) and potassium (K+) are distributed in plants via short and long-distance transport. These two pathways jointly regulate NO3 - and K+ levels in all higher plants. The Arabidopsis thaliana transporter NPF7.3/NRT1.5 is responsible for loading NO3 - and K+ from root pericycle cells into the xylem vessels, facilitating the long-distance transport of NO3 - and K+ to shoots. In this study, we demonstrate a protein-protein interaction of NPF7.3/NRT1.5 with the proton pump AHA2 in the plasma membrane by split ubiquitin and bimolecular complementation assays, and we show that a conserved glycine residue in a transmembrane domain of NPF7.3/NRT1.5 is crucial for the interaction. We demonstrate that AHA2 together with NRT1.5 affects the K+ level in shoots, modulates the root architecture, and alters extracellular pH and the plasma membrane potential. We hypothesize that NRT1.5 and AHA2 interaction plays a role in maintaining the pH gradient and membrane potential across the root pericycle cell plasma membrane during K+ and/or NO3 - transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Sena
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Apicomplexan Biology, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Reinhard Kunze
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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5
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The evolution of plant proton pump regulation via the R domain may have facilitated plant terrestrialization. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1312. [PMID: 36446861 PMCID: PMC9708826 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPases are the electrogenic proton pumps that export H+ from plant and fungal cells to acidify the surroundings and generate a membrane potential. Plant PM H+-ATPases are equipped with a C‑terminal autoinhibitory regulatory (R) domain of about 100 amino acid residues, which could not be identified in the PM H+-ATPases of green algae but appeared fully developed in immediate streptophyte algal predecessors of land plants. To explore the physiological significance of this domain, we created in vivo C-terminal truncations of autoinhibited PM H+‑ATPase2 (AHA2), one of the two major isoforms in the land plant Arabidopsis thaliana. As more residues were deleted, the mutant plants became progressively more efficient in proton extrusion, concomitant with increased expansion growth and nutrient uptake. However, as the hyperactivated AHA2 also contributed to stomatal pore opening, which provides an exit pathway for water and an entrance pathway for pests, the mutant plants were more susceptible to biotic and abiotic stresses, pathogen invasion and water loss, respectively. Taken together, our results demonstrate that pump regulation through the R domain is crucial for land plant fitness and by controlling growth and nutrient uptake might have been necessary already for the successful water-to-land transition of plants.
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6
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Stéger A, Palmgren M. Root hair growth from the pH point of view. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:949672. [PMID: 35968128 PMCID: PMC9363702 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.949672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are tubular outgrowths of epidermal cells that increase the root surface area and thereby make the root more efficient at absorbing water and nutrients. Their expansion is limited to the root hair apex, where growth is reported to take place in a pulsating manner. These growth pulses coincide with oscillations of the apoplastic and cytosolic pH in a similar way as has been reported for pollen tubes. Likewise, the concentrations of apoplastic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytoplasmic Ca2+ oscillate with the same periodicity as growth. Whereas ROS appear to control cell wall extensibility and opening of Ca2+ channels, the role of protons as a growth signal in root hairs is less clear and may differ from that in pollen tubes where plasma membrane H+-ATPases have been shown to sustain growth. In this review, we outline our current understanding of how pH contributes to root hair development.
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7
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Martín-Barranco A, Thomine S, Vert G, Zelazny E. A quick journey into the diversity of iron uptake strategies in photosynthetic organisms. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1975088. [PMID: 34514930 PMCID: PMC8525953 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1975088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is involved in multiple processes that contribute to the maintenance of the cellular homeostasis of all living beings. In photosynthetic organisms, Fe is notably required for photosynthesis. Although iron is generally abundant in the environment, it is frequently poorly bioavailable. This review focuses on the molecular strategies that photosynthetic organisms have evolved to optimize iron acquisition, using Arabidopsis thaliana, rice (Oryza sativa), and some unicellular algae as models. Non-graminaceous plants, including Arabidopsis, take up iron from the soil by an acidification-reduction-transport process (strategy I) requiring specific proteins that were recently shown to associate in a dedicated complex. On the other hand, graminaceous plants, such as rice, use the so-called strategy II to acquire iron, which relies on the uptake of Fe3+ chelated by phytosiderophores that are secreted by the plant into the rhizosphere. However, apart these main strategies, accessory mechanisms contribute to robust iron uptake in both Arabidopsis and rice. Unicellular algae combine reductive and non-reductive mechanisms for iron uptake and present important specificities compared to land plants. Since the majority of the molecular actors required for iron acquisition in algae are not conserved in land plants, questions arise about the evolution of the Fe uptake processes upon land colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Martín-Barranco
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), UMR9198 CNRS/CEA/Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sébastien Thomine
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), UMR9198 CNRS/CEA/Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Grégory Vert
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/University of Toulouse 3, Auzeville Tolosane, France
| | - Enric Zelazny
- Biochemistry and Plant Molecular Physiology (BPMP), CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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8
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Hoffmann RD, Olsen LI, Ezike CV, Pedersen JT, Manstretta R, López-Marqués RL, Palmgren M. Roles of plasma membrane proton ATPases AHA2 and AHA7 in normal growth of roots and root hairs in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:848-861. [PMID: 30238999 PMCID: PMC7379730 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane H+ -ATPase pumps build up the electrochemical H+ gradients that energize most other transport processes into and out of plant cells through channel proteins and secondary active carriers. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the AUTOINHIBITED PLASMA MEMBRANE H+ -ATPases AHA1, AHA2 and AHA7 are predominant in root epidermal cells. In contrast to other H+ -ATPases, we find that AHA7 is autoinhibited by a sequence present in the extracellular loop between transmembrane segments 7 and 8. Autoinhibition of pump activity was regulated by extracellular pH, suggesting negative feedback regulation of AHA7 during establishment of an H+ gradient. Due to genetic redundancy, it has proven difficult to test the role of AHA2 and AHA7, and mutant phenotypes have previously only been observed under nutrient stress conditions. Here, we investigated root and root hair growth under normal conditions in single and double mutants of AHA2 and AHA7. We find that AHA2 drives root cell expansion during growth but that, unexpectedly, restriction of root hair elongation is dependent on AHA2 and AHA7, with each having different roles in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Hoffmann
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1871FrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Lene I. Olsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1871FrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Chukwuebuka V. Ezike
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1871FrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Jesper T. Pedersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1871FrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Raffaele Manstretta
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1871FrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Rosa L. López-Marqués
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1871FrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1871FrederiksbergDenmark
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9
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Palmgren M, Morsomme P. The plasma membrane H + -ATPase, a simple polypeptide with a long history. Yeast 2019; 36:201-210. [PMID: 30447028 PMCID: PMC6590192 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane H+ -ATPase of fungi and plants is a single polypeptide of fewer than 1,000 residues that extrudes protons from the cell against a large electric and concentration gradient. The minimalist structure of this nanomachine is in stark contrast to that of the large multi-subunit FO F1 ATPase of mitochondria, which is also a proton pump, but under physiological conditions runs in the reverse direction to act as an ATP synthase. The plasma membrane H+ -ATPase is a P-type ATPase, defined by having an obligatory phosphorylated reaction cycle intermediate, like cation pumps of animal membranes, and thus, this pump has a completely different mechanism to that of FO F1 ATPases, which operates by rotary catalysis. The work that led to these insights in plasma membrane H+ -ATPases of fungi and plants has a long history, which is briefly summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Pierre Morsomme
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST)UCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
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10
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Chabi M, Goulas E, Leclercq CC, de Waele I, Rihouey C, Cenci U, Day A, Blervacq AS, Neutelings G, Duponchel L, Lerouge P, Hausman JF, Renaut J, Hawkins S. A Cell Wall Proteome and Targeted Cell Wall Analyses Provide Novel Information on Hemicellulose Metabolism in Flax. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:1634-1651. [PMID: 28706005 PMCID: PMC5587863 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.063727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimentally-generated (nanoLC-MS/MS) proteomic analyses of four different flax organs/tissues (inner-stem, outer-stem, leaves and roots) enriched in proteins from 3 different sub-compartments (soluble-, membrane-, and cell wall-proteins) was combined with publically available data on flax seed and whole-stem proteins to generate a flax protein database containing 2996 nonredundant total proteins. Subsequent multiple analyses (MapMan, CAZy, WallProtDB and expert curation) of this database were then used to identify a flax cell wall proteome consisting of 456 nonredundant proteins localized in the cell wall and/or associated with cell wall biosynthesis, remodeling and other cell wall related processes. Examination of the proteins present in different flax organs/tissues provided a detailed overview of cell wall metabolism and highlighted the importance of hemicellulose and pectin remodeling in stem tissues. Phylogenetic analyses of proteins in the cell wall proteome revealed an important paralogy in the class IIIA xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) family associated with xyloglucan endo-hydrolase activity.Immunolocalisation, FT-IR microspectroscopy, and enzymatic fingerprinting indicated that flax fiber primary/S1 cell walls contained xyloglucans with typical substituted side chains as well as glucuronoxylans in much lower quantities. These results suggest a likely central role of xyloglucans and endotransglucosylase/hydrolase activity in flax fiber formation and cell wall remodeling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Chabi
- From the ‡Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59000 Lille, France
| | - Estelle Goulas
- From the ‡Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59000 Lille, France
| | - Celine C Leclercq
- §Department Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Isabelle de Waele
- **Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Christophe Rihouey
- ‖Laboratoire Polymère Biopolymère Surface, UMR6270 CNRS, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale, Normandie Université, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Ugo Cenci
- ‡‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Centre for Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Bioinformatics Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Arnaud Day
- From the ‡Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59000 Lille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Blervacq
- From the ‡Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59000 Lille, France
| | - Godfrey Neutelings
- From the ‡Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59000 Lille, France
| | - Ludovic Duponchel
- **Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- ¶Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA 4358, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale, Normandie Université, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Jean-François Hausman
- §Department Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Renaut
- §Department Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Simon Hawkins
- From the ‡Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59000 Lille, France;
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11
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Planes MD, Niñoles R, Rubio L, Bissoli G, Bueso E, García-Sánchez MJ, Alejandro S, Gonzalez-Guzmán M, Hedrich R, Rodriguez PL, Fernández JA, Serrano R. A mechanism of growth inhibition by abscisic acid in germinating seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana based on inhibition of plasma membrane H+-ATPase and decreased cytosolic pH, K+, and anions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:813-25. [PMID: 25371509 PMCID: PMC4321545 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) induces expression of defence genes in many organs, modulates ion homeostasis and metabolism in guard cells, and inhibits germination and seedling growth. Concerning the latter effect, several mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with improved capability for H(+) efflux (wat1-1D, overexpression of AKT1 and ost2-1D) are less sensitive to inhibition by ABA than the wild type. This suggested that ABA could inhibit H(+) efflux (H(+)-ATPase) and induce cytosolic acidification as a mechanism of growth inhibition. Measurements to test this hypothesis could not be done in germinating seeds and we used roots as the most convenient system. ABA inhibited the root plasma-membrane H(+)-ATPase measured in vitro (ATP hydrolysis by isolated vesicles) and in vivo (H(+) efflux from seedling roots). This inhibition involved the core ABA signalling elements: PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors, ABA-inhibited protein phosphatases (HAB1), and ABA-activated protein kinases (SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3). Electrophysiological measurements in root epidermal cells indicated that ABA, acting through the PYR/PYL/RCAR receptors, induced membrane hyperpolarization (due to K(+) efflux through the GORK channel) and cytosolic acidification. This acidification was not observed in the wat1-1D mutant. The mechanism of inhibition of the H(+)-ATPase by ABA and its effects on cytosolic pH and membrane potential in roots were different from those in guard cells. ABA did not affect the in vivo phosphorylation level of the known activating site (penultimate threonine) of H(+)-ATPase in roots, and SnRK2.2 phosphorylated in vitro the C-terminal regulatory domain of H(+)-ATPase while the guard-cell kinase SnRK2.6/OST1 did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- María D Planes
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Camino de Vera, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Regina Niñoles
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Camino de Vera, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rubio
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Gaetano Bissoli
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Camino de Vera, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Bueso
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Camino de Vera, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - María J García-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Santiago Alejandro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Camino de Vera, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Gonzalez-Guzmán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Camino de Vera, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University Würzburg, Julis-von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pedro L Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Camino de Vera, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - José A Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ramón Serrano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Camino de Vera, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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12
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Olivari C, Pugliarello MC, Rasi-Caldogno F, De Michelis MI. Characteristics and Regulatory Properties of the H+-ATPase in a Plasma Membrane Fraction Purified fromArabidopsis thaliana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1993.tb00332.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Li J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Jia H, Bi Y. cGMP regulates hydrogen peroxide accumulation in calcium-dependent salt resistance pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. PLANTA 2011; 234:709-22. [PMID: 21617988 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is an important second messenger in plants. In the present study, roles of cGMP in salt resistance in Arabidopsis roots were investigated. Arabidopsis roots were sensitive to 100 mM NaCl treatment, displaying a great increase in electrolyte leakage and Na(+)/K(+) ratio and a decrease in gene expression of the plasma membrane (PM) H(+)-ATPase. However, application of exogenous 8Br-cGMP (an analog of cGMP), H(2)O(2) or CaCl(2) alleviated the NaCl-induced injury by maintaining a lower Na(+)/K(+) ratio and increasing the PM H(+)-ATPase gene expression. In addition, the inhibition of root elongation and seed germination under salt stress was removed by 8Br-cGMP. Further study indicated that 8Br-cGMP-induced higher NADPH levels for PM NADPH oxidase to generate H(2)O(2) by regulating glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity. The effect of 8Br-cGMP and H(2)O(2) on ionic homeostasis was abolished when Ca(2+) was eliminated by glycol-bis-(2-amino ethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA, a Ca(2+) chelator) in Arabidopsis roots under salt stress. Taken together, cGMP could regulate H(2)O(2) accumulation in salt stress, and Ca(2+) was necessary in the cGMP-mediated signaling pathway. H(2)O(2), as the downstream component of cGMP signaling pathway, stimulated PM H(+)-ATPase gene expression. Thus, ion homeostasis was modulated for salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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14
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Kinoshita T, Hayashi Y. New Insights into the Regulation of Stomatal Opening by Blue Light and Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 289:89-115. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386039-2.00003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Haruta M, Burch HL, Nelson RB, Barrett-Wilt G, Kline KG, Mohsin SB, Young JC, Otegui MS, Sussman MR. Molecular characterization of mutant Arabidopsis plants with reduced plasma membrane proton pump activity. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:17918-29. [PMID: 20348108 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.101733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis mutants containing gene disruptions in AHA1 and AHA2, the two most highly expressed isoforms of the Arabidopsis plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase family, have been isolated and characterized. Plants containing homozygous loss-of-function mutations in either gene grew normally under laboratory conditions. Transcriptome and mass spectrometric measurements demonstrate that lack of lethality in the single gene mutations is not associated with compensation by increases in RNA or protein levels. Selected reaction monitoring using synthetic heavy isotope-labeled C-terminal tryptic peptides as spiked standards with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer revealed increased levels of phosphorylation of a regulatory threonine residue in both isoforms in the mutants. Using an extracellular pH assay as a measure of in vivo ATPase activity in roots, less proton secreting activity was found in the aha2 mutant. Among 100 different growth conditions, those that decrease the membrane potential (high external potassium) or pH gradient (high external pH) caused a reduction in growth of the aha2 mutant compared with wild type. Despite the normal appearance of single mutants under ideal laboratory growth conditions, embryos containing homozygous double mutations are lethal, demonstrating that, as expected, this protein is absolutely essential for plant cell function. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the two genes together perform an essential function and that the effects of their single mutations are mostly masked by overlapping patterns of expression and redundant function as well as by compensation at the post-translational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyoshi Haruta
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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16
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Ekberg K, Palmgren MG, Veierskov B, Buch-Pedersen MJ. A novel mechanism of P-type ATPase autoinhibition involving both termini of the protein. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:7344-50. [PMID: 20068040 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.096123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of many P-type ATPases is found to be regulated by interacting proteins or autoinhibitory elements located in N- or C-terminal extensions. An extended C terminus of fungal and plant P-type plasma membrane H(+)-ATPases has long been recognized to be part of a regulatory apparatus involving an autoinhibitory domain. Here we demonstrate that both the N and the C termini of the plant plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase are directly involved in controlling the pump activity state and that N-terminal displacements are coupled to secondary modifications taking place at the C-terminal end. This identifies the first group of P-type ATPases for which both ends of the polypeptide chain constitute regulatory domains, which together contribute to the autoinhibitory apparatus. This suggests an intricate mechanism of cis-regulation with both termini of the protein communicating to obtain the necessary control of the enzyme activity state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Ekberg
- Plant Physiology and Anatomy Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Copenhagen, Danish National Research Foundation, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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17
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Bertucci A, Tambutté É, Tambutté S, Allemand D, Zoccola D. Symbiosis-dependent gene expression in coral-dinoflagellate association: cloning and characterization of a P-type H+-ATPase gene. Proc Biol Sci 2010; 277:87-95. [PMID: 19793745 PMCID: PMC2842621 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the molecular cloning of a H(+)-ATPase in the symbiotic dinoflagellate, Symbiodinium sp. previously suggested by pharmacological studies to be involved in carbon-concentrating mechanism used by zooxanthellae when they are in symbiosis with corals. This gene encodes a protein of 975 amino acids with a calculated mass of about 105 kDa. The structure of the protein shows a typical P-type H(+)-ATPase structure (type IIIa plasma membrane H(+)-ATPases) and phylogenetic analyses show that this new proton pump groups with diatoms in the Chromoalveolates group. This Symbiodinium H(+)-ATPase is specifically expressed when zooxanthellae are engaged in a symbiotic relationship with the coral partner but not in free-living dinoflagellates. This proton pump, therefore, could be involved in the acidification of the perisymbiotic space leading to bicarbonate dehydration by carbonic anhydrase activity in order to supply inorganic carbon for photosynthesis as suggested by earlier studies. To our knowledge, this work provides the first example of a symbiosis-dependent gene in zooxanthellae and confirms the importance of H(+)-ATPase in coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Didier Zoccola
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Avenue Saint Martin 98000, Monaco
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18
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Andaluz S, Rodríguez-Celma J, Abadía A, Abadía J, López-Millán AF. Time course induction of several key enzymes in Medicago truncatula roots in response to Fe deficiency. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2009; 47:1082-8. [PMID: 19716309 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Medicago truncatula constitutes a good model for Strategy I plants, since when this plant is challenged with Fe shortage the most important root physiological responses induced by Fe deficiency are developed, including the yellowing of root tips. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in root adaptation to Fe deficiency in M. truncatula may strengthen our ability to enhance Fe efficiency responses in other plant species, especially in different agronomically relevant legumes. Riboflavin concentration, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31) and Fe reductase activities, and acidification capacity have been determined in M. truncatula roots at different time points after imposing Fe deficiency. Root riboflavin concentrations increased with Fe deficiency and concomitantly MtDMRL was upregulated at the transcriptional level, supporting a role for flavins in the Fe deficiency response. Root Fe reductase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities as well as acidification capacity were higher in roots of Fe-deficient than in control plants, and the corresponding genes, MtFRO1, MtPEPC1 and MtHA1 were also upregulated by Fe deficiency. Expression of these genes and their corresponding physiological activities followed different patterns over time, suggesting the existence of both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Andaluz
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), P.O. BOX 13034, E-50080 Zaragoza, Spain
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19
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Zhu Y, DI T, Xu G, Chen X, Zeng H, Yan F, Shen Q. Adaptation of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase of rice roots to low pH as related to ammonium nutrition. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2009; 32:1428-40. [PMID: 19558410 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.02009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The preference of paddy rice for NH(4)(+) rather than NO(3)(-) is associated with its tolerance to low pH since a rhizosphere acidification occurs during NH(4)(+) absorption. However, the adaptation of rice root to low pH has not been fully elucidated. This study investigated the acclimation of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase of rice root to low pH. Rice seedlings were grown either with NH(4)(+) or NO(3)(-). For both nitrogen forms, the pH value of nutrient solutions was gradually adjusted to pH 6.5 or 3.0. After 4 d cultivation, hydrolytic H(+)-ATPase activity, V(max), K(m), H(+)-pumping activity, H(+) permeability and pH gradient across the plasma membrane were significantly higher in rice roots grown at pH 3.0 than at 6.5, irrespective of the nitrogen forms supplied. The higher activity of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase of adapted rice roots was attributed to the increase in expression of OSA1, OSA3, OSA7, OSA8 and OSA9 genes, which resulted in an increase of H(+)-ATPase protein concentration. In conclusion, a high regulation of various plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase genes is responsible for the adaptation of rice roots to low pH. This mechanism may be partly responsible for the preference of rice plants to NH(4)(+) nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Santi S, Schmidt W. Dissecting iron deficiency-induced proton extrusion in Arabidopsis roots. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 183:1072-1084. [PMID: 19549134 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02908.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Here, we have analysed the H(+)-ATPase-mediated extrusion of protons across the plasma membrane (PM) of rhizodermic cells, a process that is inducible by iron (Fe) deficiency and thought to serve in the mobilization of sparingly soluble Fe sources. The induction and function of Fe-responsive PM H(+)-ATPases in Arabidopsis roots was investigated by gene expression analysis and by using mutants defective in the expression or function of one of the isogenes. In addition, the expression of the most responsive isogenes was investigated in natural Arabidopsis accessions that have been selected for their in vivo proton extrusion activity. Our data suggest that the rhizosphere acidification in response to Fe deficiency is chiefly mediated by AHA2, while AHA1 functions as a housekeeping isoform. The aha7 knock-out mutant plants showed a reduced frequency of root hairs, suggesting an involvement of AHA7 in the differentiation of rhizodermic cells. Acidification capacity varied among Arabidopsis accessions and was associated with a high induction of AHA2 and IRT1, a high relative growth rate and a shoot-root ratio that was unaffected by the external Fe supply. An effective regulation of the Fe-responsive genes and a stable shoot-root ratio may represent important characteristics for the Fe uptake efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Santi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Universitá degli studi di Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 115 Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Crystal structure of the plasma membrane proton pump. Nature 2007; 450:1111-4. [PMID: 18075595 DOI: 10.1038/nature06417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Merlot S, Leonhardt N, Fenzi F, Valon C, Costa M, Piette L, Vavasseur A, Genty B, Boivin K, Müller A, Giraudat J, Leung J. Constitutive activation of a plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase prevents abscisic acid-mediated stomatal closure. EMBO J 2007; 26:3216-26. [PMID: 17557075 PMCID: PMC1914098 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Light activates proton (H(+))-ATPases in guard cells, to drive hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane to initiate stomatal opening, allowing diffusion of ambient CO(2) to photosynthetic tissues. Light to darkness transition, high CO(2) levels and the stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) promote stomatal closing. The overall H(+)-ATPase activity is diminished by ABA treatments, but the significance of this phenomenon in relationship to stomatal closure is still debated. We report two dominant mutations in the OPEN STOMATA2 (OST2) locus of Arabidopsis that completely abolish stomatal response to ABA, but importantly, to a much lesser extent the responses to CO(2) and darkness. The OST2 gene encodes the major plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase AHA1, and both mutations cause constitutive activity of this pump, leading to necrotic lesions. H(+)-ATPases have been traditionally assumed to be general endpoints of all signaling pathways affecting membrane polarization and transport. Our results provide evidence that AHA1 is a distinct component of an ABA-directed signaling pathway, and that dynamic downregulation of this pump during drought is an essential step in membrane depolarization to initiate stomatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Merlot
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 2355, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- CEA Cadarache, DSV, UMR 6191 CEA-CNRS, DEVM, LEMS and LEMP, St Paul les Durance Cedex, France
| | - Francesca Fenzi
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 2355, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christiane Valon
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 2355, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Miguel Costa
- CEA Cadarache, DSV, UMR 6191 CEA-CNRS, DEVM, LEMS and LEMP, St Paul les Durance Cedex, France
| | - Laurie Piette
- CEA Cadarache, DSV, UMR 6191 CEA-CNRS, DEVM, LEMS and LEMP, St Paul les Durance Cedex, France
| | - Alain Vavasseur
- CEA Cadarache, DSV, UMR 6191 CEA-CNRS, DEVM, LEMS and LEMP, St Paul les Durance Cedex, France
| | - Bernard Genty
- CEA Cadarache, DSV, UMR 6191 CEA-CNRS, DEVM, LEMS and LEMP, St Paul les Durance Cedex, France
| | - Karine Boivin
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 2355, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Jérôme Giraudat
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 2355, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jeffrey Leung
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 2355, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CNRS Science de la Vie, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, UPR 2355, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse Bat. 23, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France. Tel.: +33 1 69 82 38 12; Fax: +33 1 69 82 36 95; E-mail:
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23
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Fotopoulos V, Holmes R, Hall JL, Williams LE. Isolation, cloning and expression analysis of EcPMA1, a putative plasma membrane H+ -ATPase transporter gene from the biotrophic pathogenic fungus Erysiphe cichoracearum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 110:28-37. [PMID: 16431274 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2005.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2005] [Revised: 08/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Little is known at the molecular level about the transporters involved in nutrient transfer in the plant/powdery mildew interaction. A PCR-based approach was used to identify and isolate a partial-length cDNA coding for an isoform of the plasma membrane H+ -ATPase (EcPMA1) in the biotrophic pathogenic fungus Erysiphe cichoracearum. Southern analysis suggests that EcPMA1 exists as a single-copy gene. Sequence analysis indicated a high similarity of EcPMA1 to other fungal H+ -ATPases. Expression of EcPMA1 increases in infected Arabidopsis leaves as the disease progresses, correlating with the growth of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Fotopoulos
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK
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24
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Vera-Estrella R, Barkla BJ, García-Ramírez L, Pantoja O. Salt stress in Thellungiella halophila activates Na+ transport mechanisms required for salinity tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 139:1507-17. [PMID: 16244148 PMCID: PMC1283785 DOI: 10.1104/pp.105.067850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Revised: 08/01/2005] [Accepted: 08/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is considered one of the major limiting factors for plant growth and agricultural productivity. We are using salt cress (Thellungiella halophila) to identify biochemical mechanisms that enable plants to grow in saline conditions. Under salt stress, the major site of Na+ accumulation occurred in old leaves, followed by young leaves and taproots, with the least accumulation occurring in lateral roots. Salt treatment increased both the H+ transport and hydrolytic activity of salt cress tonoplast (TP) and plasma membrane (PM) H(+)-ATPases from leaves and roots. TP Na(+)/H+ exchange was greatly stimulated by growth of the plants in NaCl, both in leaves and roots. Expression of the PM H(+)-ATPase isoform AHA3, the Na+ transporter HKT1, and the Na(+)/H+ exchanger SOS1 were examined in PMs isolated from control and salt-treated salt cress roots and leaves. An increased expression of SOS1, but no changes in levels of AHA3 and HKT1, was observed. NHX1 was only detected in PM fractions of roots, and a salt-induced increase in protein expression was observed. Analysis of the levels of expression of vacuolar H(+)-translocating ATPase subunits showed no major changes in protein expression of subunits VHA-A or VHA-B with salt treatment; however, VHA-E showed an increased expression in leaf tissue, but not in roots, when the plants were treated with NaCl. Salt cress plants were able to distribute and store Na+ by a very strict control of ion movement across both the TP and PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Vera-Estrella
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico.
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25
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Robertson WR, Clark K, Young JC, Sussman MR. An Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane proton pump is essential for pollen development. Genetics 2005; 168:1677-87. [PMID: 15579716 PMCID: PMC1448765 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.104.032326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane proton pump (H(+)-ATPase) found in plants and fungi is a P-type ATPase with a polypeptide sequence, structure, and in vivo function similar to the mammalian sodium pump (Na(+), K(+)-ATPase). Despite its hypothetical importance for generating and maintaining the proton motive force that energizes the carriers and channels that underlie plant nutrition, genetic evidence for such a central function has not yet been reported. Using a reverse genetic approach for investigating each of the 11 isoforms in the Arabidopsis H(+)-ATPase (AHA) gene family, we found that one member, AHA3, is essential for pollen formation. A causative role for AHA3 in male gametogenesis was proven by complementation with a normal transgenic gene and rescue of the mutant phenotype back to wild type. We also investigated the requirement for phosphorylation of the penultimate threonine, which is found in most members of the AHA family and is thought to be involved in regulating catalytic activity. We demonstrated that a T948D mutant form of the AHA3 gene rescues the mutant phenotype in knockout AHA3 plants, but T948A does not, providing the first in planta evidence in support of the model in which phosphorylation of this amino acid is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney R Robertson
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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26
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Takahashi S, Seki M, Ishida J, Satou M, Sakurai T, Narusaka M, Kamiya A, Nakajima M, Enju A, Akiyama K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K. Monitoring the expression profiles of genes induced by hyperosmotic, high salinity, and oxidative stress and abscisic acid treatment in Arabidopsis cell culture using a full-length cDNA microarray. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2004; 56:29-55. [PMID: 15604727 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-004-2200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation in response to hyperosmotic, high-salinity and oxidative stress, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment in Arabidopsis suspension-cultured cell line T87 was investigated with a cDNA microarray containing 7000 independent full-length Arabidopsis cDNAs. The transcripts of 102, 11, 84 and 73 genes were increased more than 5-fold within 5h after treatment with 0.5M mannitol, 0.1M NaCl, 50 microM ABA and 10mM H2O2, respectively. On the other hand, the transcripts of 44, 57, 25 and 34 genes were down-regulated to less than one-third within 5h after treatment with 0.5M mannitol, 0.1M NaCl, 50 microM ABA and 10mM H2O2, respectively. Venn diagram analysis revealed 11 genes were induced significantly by mannitol, NaCl, and ABA, indicating crosstalk among these signaling pathways. Comparison of the genes induced by each stress revealed that 32%, 17% and 33% of mannitol-, NaCl- and ABA-inducible genes were also induced by H2O2, indicating the crosstalk between the signaling pathways for osmotic stress and oxidative stress. Although the expression profiles revealed that the T87 cells had most of the regulatory systems seen in Arabidopsis seedlings, the T87 cells did not have one of ABA-dependent signaling pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Abscisic Acid/pharmacology
- Arabidopsis/cytology
- Arabidopsis/drug effects
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Blotting, Northern
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology
- Hypertonic Solutions
- Mannitol/pharmacology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods
- Osmotic Pressure
- Oxidative Stress
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Seedlings/drug effects
- Seedlings/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
- Time Factors
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Takahashi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba , 305-0074, Japan
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Wang B, Zhao H, Wang X, Duan C, Wang D, Sakanishi A. Influence of sound stimulation on plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7765(01)00320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Goto F, Yoshihara T, Masuda T, Takaiwa F. Genetic improvement of iron content and stress adaptation in plants using ferritin gene. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2002; 18:351-71. [PMID: 11530696 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2001.10648019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Goto
- Bio-Science Department, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan.
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Palmgren MG. PLANT PLASMA MEMBRANE H+-ATPases: Powerhouses for Nutrient Uptake. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2001; 52:817-845. [PMID: 11337417 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.52.1.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Most transport proteins in plant cells are energized by electrochemical gradients of protons across the plasma membrane. The formation of these gradients is due to the action of plasma membrane H+ pumps fuelled by ATP. The plasma membrane H+-ATPases share a membrane topography and general mechanism of action with other P-type ATPases, but differ in regulatory properties. Recent advances in the field include the identification of the complete H+-ATPase gene family in Arabidopsis, analysis of H+-ATPase function by the methods of reverse genetics, an improved understanding of the posttranslational regulation of pump activity by 14-3-3 proteins, novel insights into the H+ transport mechanism, and progress in structural biology. Furthermore, the elucidation of the three-dimensional structure of a related Ca2+ pump has implications for understanding of structure-function relationships for the plant plasma membrane H+-ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Palmgren
- Department of Plant Biology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871 Denmark; e-mail:
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Morsomme P, Boutry M. The plant plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase: structure, function and regulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1465:1-16. [PMID: 10748244 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(00)00128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The proton-pumping ATPase (H(+)-ATPase) of the plant plasma membrane generates the proton motive force across the plasma membrane that is necessary to activate most of the ion and metabolite transport. In recent years, important progress has been made concerning the identification and organization of H(+)-ATPase genes, their expression, and also the kinetics and regulation of individual H(+)-ATPase isoforms. At the gene level, it is now clear that H(+)-ATPase is encoded by a family of approximately 10 genes. Expression, monitored by in situ techniques, has revealed a specific distribution pattern for each gene; however, this seems to differ between species. In the near future, we can expect regulatory aspects of gene expression to be elucidated. Already the expression of individual plant H(+)-ATPases in yeast has shown them to have distinct enzymatic properties. It has also allowed regulatory aspects of this enzyme to be studied through random and site-directed mutagenesis, notably its carboxy-terminal region. Studies performed with both plant and yeast material have converged towards deciphering the way phosphorylation and binding of regulatory 14-3-3 proteins intervene in the modification of H(+)-ATPase activity. The production of high quantities of individual functional H(+)-ATPases in yeast constitutes an important step towards crystallization studies to derive structural information. Understanding the specific roles of H(+)-ATPase isoforms in whole plant physiology is another challenge that has been approached recently through the phenotypic analysis of the first transgenic plants in which the expression of single H(+)-ATPases has been up- or down-regulated. In conclusion, the progress made recently concerning the H(+)-ATPase family, at both the gene and protein level, has come to a point where we can now expect a more integrated investigation of the expression, function and regulation of individual H(+)-ATPases in the whole plant context.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Morsomme
- Unité de Biochimie Physiologique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 2-20, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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31
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Luo H, Morsomme P, Boutry M. The two major types of plant plasma membrane H+-ATPases show different enzymatic properties and confer differential pH sensitivity of yeast growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 119:627-34. [PMID: 9952459 PMCID: PMC32140 DOI: 10.1104/pp.119.2.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/1998] [Accepted: 11/11/1998] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The proton-pumping ATPase (H+-ATPase) of the plant plasma membrane is encoded by two major gene subfamilies. To characterize individual H+-ATPases, PMA2, an H+-ATPase isoform of tobacco (Nicotiana plumbaginifolia), was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and found to functionally replace the yeast H+-ATPase if the external pH was kept above 5.0 (A. de Kerchove d'Exaerde, P. Supply, J.P. Dufour, P. Bogaerts, D. Thinès, A. Goffeau, M. Boutry [1995] J Biol Chem 270: 23828-23837). In the present study we replaced the yeast H+-ATPase with PMA4, an H+-ATPase isoform from the second subfamily. Yeast expressing PMA4 grew at a pH as low as 4.0. This was correlated with a higher acidification of the external medium and an approximately 50% increase of ATPase activity compared with PMA2. Although both PMA2 and PMA4 had a similar pH optimum (6.6-6.8), the profile was different on the alkaline side. At pH 7.2 PMA2 kept more than 80% of the maximal activity, whereas that of PMA4 decreased to less than 40%. Both enzymes were stimulated up to 3-fold by 100 microgram/mL lysophosphatidylcholine, but this stimulation vanished at a higher concentration in PMA4. These data demonstrate functional differences between two plant H+-ATPases expressed in the same heterologous host. Characterization of two PMA4 mutants selected to allow yeast growth at pH 3.0 revealed that mutations within the carboxy-terminal region of PMA4 could still improve the enzyme, resulting in better growth of yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Luo
- Unité de Biochimie Physiologique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2-20, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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32
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Sakakibara Y, Kasamo K, Kobayashi H, Kusakabe I, Kawasaki S. Identification of the gene structure and promoter region of H+-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase in rice (Oryza sativa L. ). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1444:117-24. [PMID: 9931464 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(98)00261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the gene structure and promoter region of vacuolar H+-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase (V-PPase), we isolated the genomic clones using a rice BAC library and probes derived from rice V-PPase cDNA (OVP1). The entire OVP1 gene is approx. 5.4 kb in length, and seven introns interrupt the coding sequence of OVP1. The first intron is extremely large (1869 bp), while the other introns are between 82 and 170 bp. A transcription initiation site, identified by a primer extension analysis, indicated the first exon to be 366 bp. A 1.1 kb fragment containing the 5'-flanking region of the first exon with the GUS reporter gene showed specific promoter activity in rice cells. These data show that the OVP1 gene is composed of eight exons and seven introns, and regulatory elements are present within 1.1 kb upstream from the first exon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sakakibara
- Molecular Function Laboratory, National Food Research Institute, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
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de Kerchove d'Exaerde A, Supply P, Goffeau A. Review: Subcellular traffic of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0061(199608)12:10<907::aid-yea10>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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34
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Olivari C, Meanti C, De Michelis MI, Rasi-Caldogno F. Fusicoccin binding to its plasma membrane receptor and the activation of the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase. IV. Fusicoccin induces the association between the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase and the fusicoccin receptor. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 116:529-537. [PMID: 9489010 PMCID: PMC35110 DOI: 10.1104/pp.116.2.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/1997] [Accepted: 10/17/1997] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Different approaches were utilized to investigate the mechanism by which fusicoccin (FC) induces the activation of the H(+)-ATPase in plasma membrane (PM) isolated from radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seedlings treated in vivo with (FC-PM) or without (C-PM) FC. Treatment of FC-PM with different detergents indicated that PM H(+)-ATPase and the FC-FC-binding-protein (FCBP) complex were solubilized to a similar extent. Fractionation of solubilized FC-PM proteins by a linear sucrose-density gradient showed that the two proteins comigrated and that PM H(+)-ATPase retained the activated state induced by FC. Solubilized PM proteins were also fractionated by a fast-protein liquid chromatography anion-exchange column. Comparison between C-PM and FC-PM indicated that in vivo treatment of the seedlings with FC caused different elution profiles; PM H(+)-ATPase from FC-PM was only partially separated from the FC-FCBP complex and eluted at a higher NaCl concentration than did PM H(+)-ATPase from C-PM. Western analysis of fast-protein liquid chromatography fractions probed with an anti-N terminus PM H(+)-ATPase antiserum and with an anti-14-3-3 antiserum indicated an FC-induced association of FCBP with the PM H(+)-ATPase. Analysis of the activation state of PM H(+)-ATPase in fractions in which the enzyme was partially separated from FCBP suggested that the establishment of an association between the two proteins was necessary to maintain the FC-induced activation of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Olivari
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Milano, Italy.
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35
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Harper JF, Hong B, Hwang I, Guo HQ, Stoddard R, Huang JF, Palmgren MG, Sze H. A novel calmodulin-regulated Ca2+-ATPase (ACA2) from Arabidopsis with an N-terminal autoinhibitory domain. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:1099-106. [PMID: 9422775 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.2.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To study transporters involved in regulating intracellular Ca2+, we isolated a full-length cDNA encoding a Ca2+-ATPase from a model plant, Arabidopsis, and named it ACA2 (Arabidopsis Ca2+-ATPase, isoform 2). ACA2p is most similar to a "plasma membrane-type" Ca2+-ATPase, but is smaller (110 kDa), contains a unique N-terminal domain, and is missing a long C-terminal calmodulin-binding regulatory domain. In addition, ACA2p is localized to an endomembrane system and not the plasma membrane, as shown by aqueous-two phase fractionation of microsomal membranes. ACA2p was expressed in yeast as both a full-length protein (ACA2-1p) and an N-terminal truncation mutant (ACA2-2p; Delta residues 2-80). Only the truncation mutant restored the growth on Ca2+-depleted medium of a yeast mutant defective in both endogenous Ca2+ pumps, PMR1 and PMC1. Although basal Ca2+-ATPase activity of the full-length protein was low, it was stimulated 5-fold by calmodulin (50% activation around 30 nM). In contrast, the truncated pump was fully active and insensitive to calmodulin. A calmodulin-binding sequence was identified within the first 36 residues of the N-terminal domain, as shown by calmodulin gel overlays on fusion proteins. Thus, ACA2 encodes a novel calmodulin-regulated Ca2+-ATPase distinguished by a unique N-terminal regulatory domain and a non-plasma membrane localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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36
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Campos F, Perez-Castiñeira JR, Villalba JM, Culiañez-Marciá FA, Sánchez F, Serrano R. Localization of plasma membrane H+-ATPase in nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris L. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1996; 32:1043-1053. [PMID: 9002603 DOI: 10.1007/bf00041388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Legume nodules have specialized transport functions for the exchange of carbon and nitrogen compounds between bacteroids and root cells. Plasma membrane-type (vanadate-sensitive) H+-ATPase energizes secondary active transporters in plant cells and it could drive exchanges across peribacteroidal and plasmatic membranes. A nodule cDNA corresponding to a major isoform of Phaseolus vulgaris H+-ATPase (designated BHA1) has been cloned. BHA1 is a functional proton pump because after removal of its inhibitory domain and can complement a yeast mutant unable to synthesize a H+-ATPase. BHA1 is not nodule-specific, since it is also expressed in roots of uninfected plants. It belongs to the subfamily of plasma membrane H+-ATPases defined by the Arabidopsis AHA1, AHA2 and AHA3 genes and the tobacco PMA4 and corn MHA2 genes. In situ hybridization in nodule sections indicates high expression of BHA1 limited to uninfected cells. These results were confirmed by immunocytochemistry. The relatively low expression of plasma membrane-type H+-ATPase in Rhizobium-infected cells put a note of caution on the origin of the vanadate-sensitive ATPase described in preparations of peribacteroidal membranes. Also, our results indicate that active transport in symbiotic nodules is most intense at the plasma membrane of uninfected cells and support a specialized role of uninfected tissue for nitrogen transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Campos
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-C.S.I.C., Spain
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37
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de Kerchove d'Exaerde A, Supply P, Goffeau A. Review: subcellular traffic of the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 1996; 12:907-16. [PMID: 8873444 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0061(199608)12:10%3c907::aid-yea10%3e3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A de Kerchove d'Exaerde
- Unité de Biochimie Physiologique (FYSA), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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38
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Møller JV, Juul B, le Maire M. Structural organization, ion transport, and energy transduction of P-type ATPases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1286:1-51. [PMID: 8634322 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(95)00017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 563] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J V Møller
- Department of Biophysics, University of Aarhus, Denmark
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39
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Perera IY, Li X, Sze H. Several distinct genes encode nearly identical to 16 kDa proteolipids of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase from Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1995; 29:227-244. [PMID: 7579175 DOI: 10.1007/bf00043648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To understand the subcellular roles and the regulation of vacuolar H(+)-ATPases, we have begun to identify the genes encoding the major subunits and to determine their patterns of expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Two distinct cDNAs (AVA-P1 and AVA-P2) and one genomic sequence (AVA-P3) encoding the 16 kDa subunit have been isolated. The 16 kDa proteolipid is a major component of the membrane integral sector that forms the proton conductance pathway and is required for assembly of the V-ATPase complex. Interestingly, the open reading frame of one full-length cDNA (AVA-P1) and a genomic sequence (AVA-P3) encoded an identical polypeptide of 164 amino acids with a molecular mass of 16,570. The deduced amino acid sequences of the two cDNAs were nearly identical (99%) and hydropathy plots suggested a molecule with four membrane-spanning domains characteristic of V-ATPase proteolipids. The three genes differed mainly in their codon usage and in their 3'-untranslated regions. The coding region of the genomic sequence, AVA-P3, was interrupted by two introns located at the codons for Cys-26 and Arg-121. The presence of additional 16 kDa proteolipid genes was suggested from several polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified fragments that differed from one another in the size of the second intron. PCR 1 had an intron of ca. 800 bp and its identity as AVA-P4, a fourth member of the gene family, was confirmed from sequence analyses of an EST cDNA. The mRNAs of three genes (AVA-P1, AVA-P2 and AVA-P3) were detected in Arabidopsis leaf, root, flower and silique; yet expression of AVA-P1 and AVA-P2 was lower in roots. All three genes were expressed in light- or dark-grown seedlings; however mRNA levels of AVA-P2 were enhanced in etiolated plants. Arabidopsis thaliana, therefore, has at least four distinct genes encoding nearly identical 16 kDa proteolipids, and the enhanced expression of AVA-P2 transcript in etiolated seedlings suggests that an increase in V-ATPase could accompany cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Y Perera
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA
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40
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Schaller G, DeWitt ND. Chapter 10 Analysis of the H+ATPase and Other Proteins of the Arabidopsis Plasma Membrane. Methods Cell Biol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(08)61027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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41
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Ferreira ME, Williams PH, Osborn TC. RFLP mapping of Brassica napus using doubled haploid lines. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1994; 89:615-21. [PMID: 24177938 DOI: 10.1007/bf00222456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/1993] [Accepted: 03/08/1994] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The combined use of doubled haploid lines and molecular markers can provide new genetic information for use in breeding programs. An F1-derived doubled haploid (DH) population of Brassica napus obtained from a cross between an annual canola cultivar ('Stellar') and a biennial rapeseed ('Major') was used to construct a linkage map of 132 restriction fragment length polymorphism loci. The marker loci were arranged into 22 linkage groups and six pairs of linked loci covering 1016 cM. The DH map was compared to a partial map constructed with a common set of markers for an F2 population derived from the same F1 plant, and the overall maps were not significantly different. Comparisons of maps in Brassica species suggest that less recombination occurs in B. napus (n = 19) than expected from the combined map distances of the two hypothesized diploid progenitors, B. oleracea (n = 9) and B. rapa (n=10). A high percentage (32%) of segregating marker loci were duplicated in the DH map, and conserved linkage arrangements of some duplicated loci indicated possible intergenome homoeology in the amphidiploid or intragenome duplications from the diploid progenitors. Deviation from Mendelian segregation ratios (P < 0.05) was observed for 30% of the marker loci in the DH population and for 24% in the F2 population. Deviation towards each parent occurred at equal frequencies in both populations and marker loci that showed deviation clustered in specific linkage groups. The DH lines and molecular marker map generated for this study can be used to map loci for agronomic traits segregating in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Ferreira
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
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42
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Harms K, Wöhner RV, Schulz B, Frommer WB. Isolation and characterization of P-type H(+)-ATPase genes from potato. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1994; 26:979-88. [PMID: 8000010 DOI: 10.1007/bf00028864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
H(+)-ATPase cDNAs were identified in a potato leaf library using an Arabidopsis gene as a probe. Based on their sequences, the clones could be grouped into at least two classes. A similar classification was obtained from the analysis of sequence data from four tobacco genes. Both potato genes are expressed in all tissues analysed, higher levels of expression were found in leaves and stem than in roots and tubers. For both genes, no significant differences in level of expression could be detected under a variety of conditions such as cold treatment, anaerobiosis, sucrose induction or treatment with a synthetic cytokinin. Only 2,4-D and prolonged periods of darkness lead to a slight reduction in mRNA levels. The reduction in darkness was compensated after transfer of the plants back into the light. Expression of the ATPase genes remained constant in transgenic plants which are inhibited in phloem loading due to antisense inhibition of the sucrose transporter. On the other hand, expression of the sucrose transporter is inducible by auxin and cytokinin but not by sucrose. Taken together, these data suggest that at least the two plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase genes analysed are rather constant in their expression and that either other genes respond to external stimuli or that most of the regulation occurs at the posttranscriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Harms
- Institut für Genbiologische Forschung, Berlin, FRG
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43
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Harper JF, Manney L, Sussman MR. The plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase gene family in Arabidopsis: genomic sequence of AHA10 which is expressed primarily in developing seeds. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1994; 244:572-87. [PMID: 7969026 DOI: 10.1007/bf00282747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane H(+)-ATPases in Arabidopsis thaliana represent the largest family of cation translocating P-type ATPases identified in plants or animals. We report here seven new isoforms, which were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of genomic DNA. Amplifications were performed with degenerate primers corresponding to two short conserved sequence motifs ("CSDK" and "GDGV") found in most P-type ATPases. A comparison was made of three CSDK-side primers, which were used either as totally degenerate mixtures or rendered less degenerate by substitution with deoxyinosine or fluorodeoxyuridine. Amplified genomic fragments were cloned, partially sequenced and shown to correspond to Arabidopsis genes by Southern blot analysis with gene-specific probes. One newly identified isoform, AHA10, was isolated as a cosmid clone and sequenced. The 5' and 3' ends of the gene were determined by comparison with the AHA10 cDNA sequence. AHA10 is the most divergent isoform characterized in the Arabidopsis family. AHA10 appears to be expressed primarily in developing seeds, as indicated by Northern blot analysis of AHA10 mRNA and by the analysis of transgenic plants expressing a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene fused to an AHA10 promoter. Our results indicate that one function of this unusually large H(+)-ATPase gene family is to allow for expression of different isoforms in different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Harper
- Scripps Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037
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44
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Palmgren MG. Capturing of host DNA by a plant retroelement: Bs1 encodes plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase domains. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1994; 25:137-140. [PMID: 8018864 DOI: 10.1007/bf00023232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The recently identified maize retroelement Bs1 encodes domains of the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase. This is the first example of host DNA captured by a plant retroelement and resembles the acquisition of oncogenes by vertebrate retroviruses. The ability to capture sequences from its host provides plant retroelements with a mechanism to alter gene structure which could be important for evolutionary adaptive change.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Palmgren
- Department of Plant Biology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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45
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Functional comparisons between plant plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase isoforms expressed in yeast. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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46
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Abstract
Most antigenic determinants of yeast ATPase are located within its N-terminal part. Amino acids 24-56, required for insertion at the plasma membrane, are highly accessible. The C-terminus behaves as a modulable auto-inhibitory domain in both yeast and plant ATPases. The expression of functional plant enzyme in yeast allows its mutational analysis. Plant tissues involved in active transport, such as the stomata guard cells, phloem, root epidermis and endodermis, are enriched in ATPase. One isoform is phloem-specific. The fact that auxin induces the synthesis of ATPase in corn coleoptiles provides molecular support to the 'Acid growth' theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Serrano
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidad Politécnica, Valencia, Spain
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47
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Harper JF, Binder BM, Sussman MR. Calcium and lipid regulation of an Arabidopsis protein kinase expressed in Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 1993; 32:3282-90. [PMID: 7916621 DOI: 10.1021/bi00064a010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) represent a new family of protein kinases which are proposed to contain, in a single polypeptide, both a kinase domain and an adjoining calmodulin-like domain with four calcium-binding EF-hand motifs [Harper, J.F., Sussman, M.R., Schaller, G.E., Putnam-Evans, C., Charbonneau, H., & Harmon, A.C. (1991) Science 252, 951-954]. DNA cloning and Western blot analysis indicate that multiple CDPK isoforms are present in the model plant system Arabidopsis thaliana. One CDPK gene called AK1 was isolated from Arabidopsis as a full-length cDNA. The predicted AK1 protein has a M(r) of 72,645 and is 116 amino acid residues longer at the amino terminus than the prototype CDPK alpha gene previously identified in soybean. The most highly conserved region between these two CDPKs is a region of 31 amino acids that joins the kinase and calmodulin-like domains. To verify the kinase activity of the enzyme encoded by AK1, a fusion of an amino-terminally truncated AK1 to the C-terminus of glutathione S-transferase was expressed in Escherichia coli. The fusion protein was purified and displayed a maximum kinase activity of 40 nmol of phosphate/(min.mg), using histone IIIs as a substrate. The enzyme activity was stimulated 3-6-fold by calcium and 2-5-fold by crude lipid. However, a synergistic stimulation of 16-30-fold was observed by the addition of both calcium and crude lipid. Lipid stimulation was specific for lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol and did not occur with the addition of phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylcholine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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Moriau L, Bogaerts P, Jonniaux JL, Boutry M. Identification and characterization of a second plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase gene subfamily in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1993; 21:955-63. [PMID: 8490141 DOI: 10.1007/bf00023594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA clone was isolated for a fourth pma gene encoding a putative plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. The sequence of the predicted 952 residue PMA4 polypeptide was compared with those of other known plant PMAs, revealing a higher identity with the Arabidopsis thaliana proteins (86-89%) than with the other three N. plumbaginifolia PMA proteins (80-82%). This supports the view that there are two pma subfamilies which probably arose from a gene duplication predating the separation of the Dilleniidae and Asteridae plant subclasses. Measured pma4 transcript levels indicate that pma4 is similarly expressed in root, stem, leaf, and flower tissues, contrary to the pmal-3 subfamily whose members displayed differential expression according to the organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Moriau
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Unité de Biochimie Physiologique, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Palmgren MG, Christensen G. Complementation in situ of the yeast plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase gene pma1 by an H(+)-ATPase gene from a heterologous species. FEBS Lett 1993; 317:216-22. [PMID: 8425607 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(93)81279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In plants and fungi, the transport of solutes across the plasma membrane (pm) is driven by a proton pump (H(+)-ATPase) that produces an electric potential and a pH gradient. We expressed AHA2, a member of the Arabidopsis thaliana pm H(+)-ATPase gene family, in yeast cells in which transcription of the endogenous pm H(+)-ATPase gene (pma1) had been turned off. AHA2 was expressed mainly in intracellular membranes and only supported very slow growth of transformed yeast cells. Removal of the last 92 C-terminal amino acids from the plant H(+)-ATPase produced an enzyme with 2-3-fold higher specific ATPase activity than the wild-type plant enzyme. Surprisingly, the truncated H(+)-ATPase was now targetted to the yeast pm and fully supported normal yeast growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Palmgren
- August Krogh Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
Recent developments in plant membrane transport, particularly concerning the vacuolar and plasma membranes, have increased our understanding of molecular aspects of primary pumps, carrier systems and ion channels.
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