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Van Brempt N, Sgammato R, Beirinckx Q, Hammerschmid D, Sobott F, Dewilde S, Moens L, Herrebout W, Johannessen C, Van Doorslaer S. The effect of pH and nitrite on the haem pocket of GLB-33, a globin-coupled neuronal transmembrane receptor of Caenorhabditis elegans. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2023; 1871:140913. [PMID: 37004900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Out of the 34 globins in Caenorhabditis elegans, GLB-33 is a putative globin-coupled transmembrane receptor with a yet unknown function. The globin domain (GD) contains a particularly hydrophobic haem pocket, that rapidly oxidizes to a low-spin hydroxide-ligated haem state at physiological pH. Moreover, the GD has one of the fastest nitrite reductase activity ever reported for globins. Here, we use a combination of electronic circular dichroism, resonance Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy with mass spectrometry to study the pH dependence of the ferric form of the recombinantly over-expressed GD in the presence and absence of nitrite. The competitive binding of nitrite and hydroxide is examined as well as nitrite-induced haem modifications at acidic pH. Comparison of the spectroscopic results with data from other haem proteins allows to deduce the important effect of Arg at position E10 in stabilization of exogenous ligands. Furthermore, continuous-wave and pulsed EPR indicate that ligation of nitrite occurs in a nitrito mode at pH 5.0 and above. At pH 4.0, an additional formation of a nitro-bound haem form is observed along with fast formation of a nitri-globin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Van Brempt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Roberta Sgammato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Quinten Beirinckx
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Frank Sobott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Dewilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Moens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wouter Herrebout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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2
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De Caro S, De Soricellis G, Dell'Acqua S, Monzani E, Nicolis S. Biological Oxidations and Nitrations Promoted by the Hemin-Aβ 16 Complex. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1319. [PMID: 37507859 PMCID: PMC10376006 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Both β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides and oxidative stress conditions play key roles in Alzheimer's disease. Hemin contributes to the development of the disease as it possesses redox properties and its level increases in pathological conditions or traumatic brain injuries. The aim of this work was to deepen the investigation of the reactivity of the hemin-Aβ16 complex, considering its ability to catalyze oxidation and nitration reactions. We performed kinetic studies in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and nitrite with phenolic and catechol substrates, as well as mass spectrometry studies to investigate the modifications occurring on the peptide itself. The kinetic constants were similar for oxidation and nitration reactions, and their values suggest that the hemin-Aβ16 complex binds negatively charged substrates with higher affinity. Mass spectrometry studies showed that tyrosine residue is the endogenous target of nitration. Hemin degradation analysis showed that hemin bleaching is only partly prevented by the coordinated peptide. In conclusion, hemin has rich reactivity, both in oxidation and nitration reactions on aromatic substrates, that could contribute to redox equilibrium in neurons. This reactivity is modulated by the coordination of the Aβ16 peptide and is only partly quenched when oxidative and nitrative conditions lead to hemin degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia De Caro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- IUSS School for Advanced Studies of Pavia, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia De Soricellis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Dell'Acqua
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Monzani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Nicolis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Sgammato R, Van Brempt N, Aerts R, Van Doorslaer S, Dewilde S, Herrebout W, Johannessen C. Interaction of nitrite with ferric protoglobin from Methanosarcina acetivorans - an interesting model for spectroscopic studies of the haem-ligand interaction. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2976-2987. [PMID: 36651272 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03252j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Protoglobin from Methanosarcina acetivorans (MaPgb) is a dimeric globin belonging to the same lineage of the globin superfamily as globin-coupled sensors. A putative role in the scavenging of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species has been suggested as a possible adaptation mechanism of the host organism to different gaseous environments in the course of evolution. A combination of optical absorption, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), resonance Raman (rRaman), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) reveal the unusual in vitro reaction of ferric MaPgb with nitrite. In contrast to other globins, a large excess of nitrite did not induce the formation of a nitriglobin form in MaPgb. Surprisingly, the addition of nitrite in mildly acidic pH led to the formation of a stable nitric-oxide ligated ferric form of the protein (MaPgb-NO). Furthermore, the 300-700 nm ECD spectrum of ferric MaPgb is for the first time reported and discussed, showing strong differences in the Soret and Q ellipticity compared to ferric myoglobin, in line with the unusually strongly ruffled haem group of MaPgb and the related quantum-mechanical admixture of the S = 5/2 and S = 3/2 state of its ferric form. The Soret and Q ellipticity change strongly upon formation of MaPgb-NO, revealing a significant effect of the nitric-oxide ligation on the haem group and pocket. The related changes in the asymmetric pyrrole half-ring stretching vibration modes observed in the rRaman spectra give experimental support to earlier theoretical models, in which an important role of the in-plane breathing modes of the haem was predicted for the stabilization of the binding of diatomic gases to MaPgb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Sgammato
- Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Niels Van Brempt
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Biomedical Physics, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.,Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Roy Aerts
- Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Sabine Van Doorslaer
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Biomedical Physics, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Dewilde
- Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Wouter Herrebout
- Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Christian Johannessen
- Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Zhou Y, Pedersen JN, Pedersen JN, Jones NC, Hoffmann SV, Petersen SV, Pedersen JS, Perriman A, Gao R, Guo Z. Superanionic Solvent-Free Liquid Enzymes Exhibit Enhanced Structures and Activities. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202359. [PMID: 35988154 PMCID: PMC9661855 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The surface of a carboxylate-enriched octuple mutant of Bacillus subtilis lipase A (8M) is chemically anionized to produce core (8M)-shell (cationic polymer surfactants) bionanoconjugates in protein liquid form, which are termed anion-type biofluids. The resultant lipase biofluids exhibit a 2.5-fold increase in hydrolytic activity when compared with analogous lipase biofluids based on anionic polymer surfactants. In addition, the applicability of the anion-type biofluid using Myoglobin (Mb) that is well studied in anion-type solvent-free liquid proteins is evaluated. Although anionization resulted in the complete unfolding of Mb, the active α-helix level is partially recovered in the anion-type biofluids, and the effect is accentuated in the cation-type Mb biofluids. These highly active anion-type solvent-free liquid enzymes exhibit increased thermal stability and provide a new direction in solvent-free liquid protein research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and EngineeringThe Ministry of EducationSchool of Life SciencesJilin UniversityNo. 2699, Qianjin StreetChangchun130012P. R. China
- Department of Biological and Chemical EngineeringAarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 10Aarhus8000Denmark
| | - Jannik Nedergaard Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 14Aarhus8000Denmark
| | - Jacob Nedergaard Pedersen
- Department of Biological and Chemical EngineeringAarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 10Aarhus8000Denmark
| | - Nykola C. Jones
- ISADepartment of Physics and AstronomyAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 120Aarhus8000Denmark
| | | | - Steen Vang Petersen
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityWilhelm Meyers Allé 4Aarhus8000Denmark
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 14Aarhus8000Denmark
| | - Adam Perriman
- School of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of BristolBS8 1TSBristolUK
| | - Renjun Gao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and EngineeringThe Ministry of EducationSchool of Life SciencesJilin UniversityNo. 2699, Qianjin StreetChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Biological and Chemical EngineeringAarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 10Aarhus8000Denmark
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Cheng JH, Chen YQ, Sun DW. Effects of plasma activated solution on the colour and structure of metmyoglobin and oxymyoglobin. Food Chem 2021; 353:129433. [PMID: 33730665 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Effects of plasma-activated solution (PAS) on the colour and structure of metmyoglobin (metMb) and oxymyoglobin (oxyMb) were investigated and the relationship between discolouration and structure changes was clarified for the first time. Results showed that the colour of PAS-treated metMb faded first, followed by green discolouration, while PAS-treated oxyMb turned from bright red to reddish-brown and then towards green in the end. It was due to the accumulation of H2O2, nitrite and nitrate in PAS with prolonging plasma treatment times. Also, the low concentrations of active species in PAS cannot influence the colour and structure of metMb and oxyMb. The accumulation of active species of H2O2 in PAS was the main reason for destructing myoglobin structure and transforming its colour with prolonging treatment time. Therefore, the concentration of H2O2 should be adjusted to a low level for treating red meats as their colour appearance is mainly determined by metMb and oxyMb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hu Cheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ya-Qi Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. http://www.ucd.ie/refrig
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6
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De Backer J, Razzokov J, Hammerschmid D, Mensch C, Hafideddine Z, Kumar N, van Raemdonck G, Yusupov M, Van Doorslaer S, Johannessen C, Sobott F, Bogaerts A, Dewilde S. The effect of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species on the structure of cytoglobin: A potential tumor suppressor. Redox Biol 2018; 19:1-10. [PMID: 30081385 PMCID: PMC6084017 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many current anti-cancer therapies rely on increasing the intracellular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) contents with the aim to induce irreparable damage, which subsequently results in tumor cell death. A novel tool in cancer therapy is the use of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), which has been found to be very effective in the treatment of many different cancer cell types in vitro as well as in vivo, mainly through the vast generation of RONS. One of the key determinants of the cell's fate will be the interaction of RONS, generated by CAP, with important proteins, i.e. redox-regulatory proteins. One such protein is cytoglobin (CYGB), a recently discovered globin proposed to be involved in the protection of the cell against oxidative stress. In this study, the effect of plasma-produced RONS on CYGB was investigated through the treatment of CYGB with CAP for different treatment times. Spectroscopic analysis of CYGB showed that although chemical modifications occur, its secondary structure remains intact. Mass spectrometry experiments identified these modifications as oxidations of mainly sulfur-containing and aromatic amino acids. With longer treatment time, the treatment was also found to induce nitration of the heme. Furthermore, the two surface-exposed cysteine residues of CYGB were oxidized upon treatment, leading to the formation of intermolecular disulfide bridges, and potentially also intramolecular disulfide bridges. In addition, molecular dynamics and docking simulations confirmed, and further show, that the formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond, due to oxidative conditions, affects the CYGB 3D structure, thereby opening the access to the heme group, through gate functioning of His117. Altogether, the results obtained in this study (1) show that plasma-produced RONS can extensively oxidize proteins and (2) that the oxidation status of two redox-active cysteines lead to different conformations of CYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey De Backer
- Research Group PPES, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 1610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jamoliddin Razzokov
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 1610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dietmar Hammerschmid
- Research Group PPES, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 1610 Antwerp, Belgium; Biomolecular & Analytical Mass Spectrometry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carl Mensch
- Research Group Molecular Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Zainab Hafideddine
- Research Group PPES, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 1610 Antwerp, Belgium; The Laboratory of Biophysics and Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 1610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 1610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert van Raemdonck
- Center for Proteomics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maksudbek Yusupov
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 1610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sabine Van Doorslaer
- The Laboratory of Biophysics and Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 1610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christian Johannessen
- Research Group Molecular Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Frank Sobott
- Biomolecular & Analytical Mass Spectrometry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 1610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Dewilde
- Research Group PPES, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 1610 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Yong HI, Han M, Kim HJ, Suh JY, Jo C. Mechanism Underlying Green Discolouration of Myoglobin Induced by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9790. [PMID: 29955103 PMCID: PMC6023923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we elucidated the mechanism underlying atmospheric pressure plasma (APP)-induced green discolouration of myoglobin. Green-coloured pigments are produced upon conversion of myoglobin into sulphmyoglobin, choleglobin, verdoheme, nitrihemin, or nitrimyoglobin. We exposed myoglobin dissolved in phosphate buffer to APP for 20 min and found a decrease in a* value (+redness/-greenness) and increase in b* value (+yellowness/-blueness) (P < 0.05). In the ultraviolet absorption spectrum, myoglobin treated with APP for 20 min showed absorption peaks at 503 and 630 nm, a spectrum different from that of sulphmyoglobin or choleglobin. The secondary structure and molecular weight of myoglobin were unaffected by APP treatment, excluding the possibility of verdoheme or nitrihemin formation. After APP treatment, nitrite was produced in myoglobin solution that provided a positive environment for nitrimyoglobin formation. However, the addition of 0.5% sodium dithionite, a strong reducing agent, to myoglobin solution resulted in the formation of deoxymyoglobin, which was subsequently converted to nitrosomyoglobin upon APP treatment to yield a desirable red colour. Thus, APP-induced green colouration in myoglobin solution is associated with nitrimyoglobin formation. The addition of the antioxidant resulted in the production of red colour in myoglobin solution after APP treatment owing to nitrosomyoglobin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae In Yong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Mookyoung Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Kim
- Crop Post-Harvest Technology Division, Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Suwon, 16613, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yong Suh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Cheorun Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Lin YW. Structure and function of heme proteins regulated by diverse post-translational modifications. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 641:1-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Ioannou A, Pinakoulaki E. Probing nitrite coordination in horseradish peroxidase by resonance Raman spectroscopy: Detection of two binding sites. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 169:79-85. [PMID: 28160625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitrite is a powerful oxidant that affects the activity of peroxidases towards various substrates and leads to heme macrocycle modifications in members of the peroxidase family, such as the horseradish peroxidase (HRP). We have applied resonance Raman spectroscopy to investigate the structural properties of the species formed in the reaction of NO2- with the ferric form of HRP. Our data demonstrate that the heme nitrovinyl group is partially formed at near neutral pH, without coordination of NO2- to the heme Fe. Nitrite coordinates to the heme Fe at acidic pH in the nitro binding mode, characterized by the detection of the ν(Fe-NO2) at 563cm-1, δ(FeNO2) at 822cm-1 and νsym(NO2) at 1272cm-1. The sensitivity of the vibrations of the heme Fe-nitro complex to H/D exchange indicates H-bonding interaction of the heme-bound ligand with the distal environment that determines the NO2- binding mode. A model describing the different modes of NO2- binding in HRP is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Androulla Ioannou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Eftychia Pinakoulaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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10
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Ioannou A, Lambrou A, Daskalakis V, Pinakoulaki E. Coupling of helix E-F motion with the O-nitrito and 2-nitrovinyl coordination in myoglobin. Biophys Chem 2017; 221:10-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Nitrite coordination in myoglobin. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 166:49-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Lambrou A, Ioannou A, Pinakoulaki E. Spin Crossover in Nitrito-Myoglobin as Revealed by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2016; 22:12176-80. [PMID: 27417111 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lambrou
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cyprus, PO Box 20537; 1678 Nicosia Cyprus
| | - Androulla Ioannou
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cyprus, PO Box 20537; 1678 Nicosia Cyprus
| | - Eftychia Pinakoulaki
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cyprus, PO Box 20537; 1678 Nicosia Cyprus
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13
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Sainz M, Calvo-Begueria L, Pérez-Rontomé C, Wienkoop S, Abián J, Staudinger C, Bartesaghi S, Radi R, Becana M. Leghemoglobin is nitrated in functional legume nodules in a tyrosine residue within the heme cavity by a nitrite/peroxide-dependent mechanism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 81:723-35. [PMID: 25603991 PMCID: PMC4346251 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine (Tyr) nitration is a post-translational modification yielding 3-nitrotyrosine (NO2 -Tyr). Formation of NO2 -Tyr is generally considered as a marker of nitro-oxidative stress and is involved in some human pathophysiological disorders, but has been poorly studied in plants. Leghemoglobin (Lb) is an abundant hemeprotein of legume nodules that plays an essential role as an O2 transporter. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was used for a targeted search and quantification of NO2 -Tyr in Lb. For all Lbs examined, Tyr30, located in the distal heme pocket, is the major target of nitration. Lower amounts were found for NO2 -Tyr25 and NO2 -Tyr133. Nitrated Lb and other as yet unidentified nitrated proteins were also detected in nodules of plants not receiving NO3- and were found to decrease during senescence. This demonstrates formation of nitric oxide (˙NO) and NO2- by alternative means to nitrate reductase, probably via a ˙NO synthase-like enzyme, and strongly suggests that nitrated proteins perform biological functions and are not merely metabolic byproducts. In vitro assays with purified Lb revealed that Tyr nitration requires NO2- + H2 O2 and that peroxynitrite is not an efficient inducer of nitration, probably because Lb isomerizes it to NO3-. Nitrated Lb is formed via oxoferryl Lb, which generates nitrogen dioxide and tyrosyl radicals. This mechanism is distinctly different from that involved in heme nitration. Formation of NO2 -Tyr in Lb is a consequence of active metabolism in functional nodules, where Lb may act as a sink of toxic peroxynitrite and may play a protective role in the symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Sainz
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Calvo-Begueria
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez-Rontomé
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Stefanie Wienkoop
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Joaquín Abián
- Laboratorio de Proteómica CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christiana Staudinger
- Laboratorio de Proteómica CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvina Bartesaghi
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research
- Departamento de Educación Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
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14
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Lambrou A, Pinakoulaki E. Resonance Raman detection of the myoglobin nitrito heme Fe–O–NO/2-nitrovinyl species: implications for helix E-helix F interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:3841-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04352a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We present resonance Raman evidence for the formation of myoglobin nitrito heme Fe–O–NO/2-nitrovinyl and propose that the species we have detected at acidic pH is the myoglobin nitrous heme Fe–(H)O–NO/2-nitrovinyl complex.
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15
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Leghemoglobin green derivatives with nitrated hemes evidence production of highly reactive nitrogen species during aging of legume nodules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:2660-5. [PMID: 22308405 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1116559109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Globins constitute a superfamily of proteins widespread in all kingdoms of life, where they fulfill multiple functions, such as efficient O(2) transport and modulation of nitric oxide bioactivity. In plants, the most abundant Hbs are the symbiotic leghemoglobins (Lbs) that scavenge O(2) and facilitate its diffusion to the N(2)-fixing bacteroids in nodules. The biosynthesis of Lbs during nodule formation has been studied in detail, whereas little is known about the green derivatives of Lbs generated during nodule senescence. Here we characterize modified forms of Lbs, termed Lba(m), Lbc(m), and Lbd(m), of soybean nodules. These green Lbs have identical globins to the parent red Lbs but their hemes are nitrated. By combining UV-visible, MS, NMR, and resonance Raman spectroscopies with reconstitution experiments of the apoprotein with protoheme or mesoheme, we show that the nitro group is on the 4-vinyl. In vitro nitration of Lba with excess nitrite produced several isomers of nitrated heme, one of which is identical to those found in vivo. The use of antioxidants, metal chelators, and heme ligands reveals that nitration is contingent upon the binding of nitrite to heme Fe, and that the reactive nitrogen species involved derives from nitrous acid and is most probably the nitronium cation. The identification of these green Lbs provides conclusive evidence that highly oxidizing and nitrating species are produced in nodules leading to nitrosative stress. These findings are consistent with a previous report showing that the modified Lbs are more abundant in senescing nodules and have aberrant O(2) binding.
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16
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Yi J, Richter-Addo GB. Unveiling the three-dimensional structure of the green pigment of nitrite-cured meat. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4172-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Yi J, Thomas LM, Musayev FN, Safo MK, Richter-Addo GB. Crystallographic trapping of heme loss intermediates during the nitrite-induced degradation of human hemoglobin. Biochemistry 2011; 50:8323-32. [PMID: 21863786 DOI: 10.1021/bi2009322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heme is an important cofactor in a large number of essential proteins and is often involved in small molecule binding and activation. Loss of heme from proteins thus negatively affects the function of these proteins but is also an important component of iron recycling. The characterization of intermediates that form during the loss of heme from proteins has been problematic, in a large part, because of the instability of such intermediates. We have characterized, by X-ray crystallography, three compounds that form during the nitrite-induced degradation of human α(2)β(2) hemoglobin (Hb). The first is an unprecedented complex that exhibits a large β heme displacement of 4.8 Å toward the protein exterior; the heme displacement is stabilized by the binding of the distal His residue to the heme Fe, which in turn allows for the unusual binding of an exogenous ligand on the proximal face of the heme. We have also structurally characterized complexes that display regiospecific nitration of the heme at the 2-vinyl position; we show that heme nitration is not a prerequisite for heme loss. Our results provide structural insight into a possible pathway for nitrite-induced loss of heme from human Hb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States.
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18
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Otsuka M, Marks SA, Winnica DE, Amoscato AA, Pearce LL, Peterson J. Covalent modifications of hemoglobin by nitrite anion: formation kinetics and properties of nitrihemoglobin. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:1786-95. [PMID: 20961082 DOI: 10.1021/tx100242w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The green nitrihemoglobin (α(2)β(2) tetramer, NHb) was prepared by the aerobic reaction of excess nitrite with human hemoglobin A(0) under mildly acidic conditions. A rate equation was determined and found to depend on nitrite, hydrogen ion, and oxygen concentrations: -d[HbNO(2)]/dt = [k(1) + k(2)(K(a)[HNO(2)])[O(2)](1/2)][HbNO(2)], where k(1) = (2.4 ± 0.9) × 10(-4) s(-1), k(2) = (1 ± 0.2) × 10(5) M(-5/2) s(-1), and K(a) is the acid dissociation constant for nitrous acid (4.5 × 10(-4) M). Also, the chemical properties of NHb are compared to those of the normal hemoglobin (including the addition products of common oxidation states with exogenous ligands, the alkaline transitions of the ferric forms, and the oxygen binding characteristics of the ferrous forms) and were found to be nearly indistinguishable. Therefore, the replacement of a single vinyl hydrogen with a nitro group on the periphery of each macrocycle in hemoglobin does not significantly perturb the interaction between the hemes and the heme pockets. Because nonphotochemical reaction chemistry must necessarily be most dependent on electronic ground states, it follows that the clearly visible difference in color between hemoglobin A(0) and NHb must be associated primarily with the respective electronic excited states. The possibility of NHb formation in vivo and its likely consequences are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Otsuka
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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19
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Monzani E, Nicolis S, Roncone R, Barbieri M, Granata A, Casella L. Protein self-modification by heme-generated reactive species. IUBMB Life 2007; 60:41-56. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Nicolis S, Monzani E, Ciaccio C, Ascenzi P, Moens L, Casella L. Reactivity and endogenous modification by nitrite and hydrogen peroxide: does human neuroglobin act only as a scavenger? Biochem J 2007; 407:89-99. [PMID: 17600531 PMCID: PMC2267408 DOI: 10.1042/bj20070372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
NGB (human neuroglobin), a recently discovered haem protein of the globin family containing a six-co-ordinated haem, is expressed in nervous tissue, but the physiological function of NGB is currently unknown. As well as playing a role in neuronal O2 homoeostasis, NGB is thought to act as a scavenger of reactive species. In the present study, we report on the reactivity of metNGB (ferric-NGB), which accumulates in vivo as a result of the reaction of oxyNGB (oxygenated NGB) with NO, towards NO2- and H2O2. NO2- co-ordination of the haem group accounts for the activity of metNGB in the nitration of phenolic substrates. The two different metNGB forms, with and without the internal disulfide bond between Cys46 (seventh residue on the inter-helix region between helices C and D) and Cys55 (fifth residue on helix D), exhibit different reactivity, the former being more efficient in activating NO2-. The kinetics of the reactions, the NO2--binding studies and the analysis of the nitrated products from different substrates all support the hypothesis that metNGB is able to generate an active species with the chemical properties of peroxynitrite, at pathophysiological concentrations of NO2- and H2O2. Without external substrates, the targets of the reactive species generated by the metNGB/NO2-/H2O2 system are endogenous tyrosine (resulting in the production of 3-nitrotyrosine) and cysteine (oxidized to sulfinic acid and sulfonic acid) residues. These endogenous modifications were characterized by HPLC-MS/MS (tandem MS) analysis of metNGB after reaction with NO2- and H2O2 under various conditions. The internal S-S bond affects the functional properties of the protein. Therefore metNGB acts not only as scavenger of toxic species, but also as a target of the self-generated reactive species. Self-modification of the protein may be related to or inhibit its postulated neuroprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Nicolis
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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21
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Lin HL, Myshkin E, Waskell L, Hollenberg PF. Peroxynitrite inactivation of human cytochrome P450s 2B6 and 2E1: heme modification and site-specific nitrotyrosine formation. Chem Res Toxicol 2007; 20:1612-22. [PMID: 17907788 DOI: 10.1021/tx700220e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the reaction of peroxynitrite (PN) with two human cytochrome P450s, P450 2B6 (2B6) and P450 2E1 (2E1). After the reaction with PN, the NADPH/reductase-supported 7-ethoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin (EFC) deethylation activity of both P450s was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. HPLC analysis revealed that the prosthetic heme group of 2B6 was modified but to a lesser extent than the decrease in enzymatic activity. In contrast, the heme moiety of 2E1 was not altered. These results suggest that protein modification by PN contributed to the loss in enzymatic activity of 2B6 and 2E1 but to different extents. After trypsin digestion of the control and PN-inactivated P450s, tyrosine nitration was used as a biomarker for protein modification and the addition of the nitro group was determined using electrospray ionization-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, allowing site-specific assignment of the tyrosine residues nitrated. Tyrosine residues 354, 244, 268, and 380 in 2B6 and tyrosine residues 317, 422, 69, and 380 in 2E1 were found to be nitrated. Tyrosine 354 is the primary site of nitration in 2B6, and tyrosine residues 422 and 317 are the primary targets for nitration in 2E1. After PN exposure, the EFC catalytic activity of 2E1 supported by tert-butylhydroperoxide was not affected, and the activity of 2B6 supported by tert-butylhydroperoxide was decreased to a lesser extent than that supported by NADPH/reductase. Following exposure to PN, the levels of the reduced-CO complex were less than the content of native heme remaining. These results suggest that PN-mediated protein modification has no effect on substrate binding but may impair the interaction of the reductase with P450s, thereby inhibiting electron transfer. Homology modeling shows that Tyr422 of 2E1 is in close proximity to the FMN domain of reductase, suggesting that Tyr422 may be involved in transferring electrons from the reductase to the heme and thus may play a critical structural and functional role in the extensive activity loss following PN exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsia-Lien Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan and VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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22
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Wojciechowski G, de Montellano PRO. Radical energies and the regiochemistry of addition to heme groups. Methylperoxy and nitrite radical additions to the heme of horseradish peroxidase. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:1663-72. [PMID: 17249668 PMCID: PMC2526285 DOI: 10.1021/ja067067s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The heme of hemoproteins, as exemplified by horseradish peroxidase (HRP), can undergo additions at the meso carbons and/or vinyl groups of the electrophilic or radical species generated in the catalytic oxidation of halides, pseudohalides, carboxylic acids, aryl and alkyl hydrazines, and other substrates. The determinants of the regiospecificity of these reactions, however, are unclear. We report here modification of the heme of HRP by autocatalytically generated, low-energy NO2* and CH3OO* radicals. The NO2* radical adds regioselectively to the 4- over the 2-vinyl group but does not add to the meso positions. Reaction of HRP with tert-BuOOH does not lead to heme modification; however, reaction with the F152M mutant, in which the heme vinyls are more sterically accessible, results in conversion of the heme 2-vinyl into a 1-hydroxy-2-(methylperoxy)ethyl group [-CH(OH)CH2OOCH3]. [18O]-labeling studies indicate that the hydroxyl group in this adduct derives from water and the methylperoxide oxygens from O2. Under anaerobic conditions, methyl radicals formed by fragmentation of the autocatalytically generated tert-BuO* radical add to both the delta-meso carbon and the 2-vinyl group. The regiochemistry of these and the other known additions to the heme indicate that only high-energy radicals (e.g., CH3*) add to the meso carbon. Less energetic radicals, including NO2* and CH3OO*, add to heme vinyl groups if they are small enough but do not add to the meso carbons. Electrophilic species such as HOBr, HOCl, and HOSCN add to vinyl groups but do not react with the meso carbons. This meso- versus vinyl-reactivity paradigm, which appears to be general for autocatalytic additions to heme prosthetic groups, suggests that meso hydroxylation of the heme by heme oxygenase occurs by a controlled radical reaction rather than by electrophilic addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Wojciechowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, USA
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23
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Nicolis S, Pennati A, Perani E, Monzani E, Sanangelantoni AM, Casella L. Easy Oxidation and Nitration of Human Myoglobin by Nitrite and Hydrogen Peroxide. Chemistry 2006; 12:749-57. [PMID: 16216040 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The modification of human myoglobin (HMb) by reaction with nitrite and hydrogen peroxide has been investigated. This reaction is important because NO(2) (-) and H(2)O(2) are formed in vivo under conditions of oxidative and nitrative stress, where protein derivatization has been often observed. The abundance of HMb in tissues and in the heart makes it a potential source and target of reactive species generated in the body. The oxidant and nitrating species produced by HMb/H(2)O(2)/NO(2) (-) are nitrogen dioxide and peroxynitrite, which can react with exogenous substrates and endogenous protein residues. Tandem mass analysis of HMb modified by stoichiometric amounts of H(2)O(2) and NO(2) (-) indicated the presence of two endogenous derivatizations: oxidation of C110 to sulfinic acid (76 %) and nitration of Y103 to 3-nitrotyrosine (44 %). When higher concentrations of NO(2) (-) and H(2)O(2) were used, nitration of Y146 and of the heme were also observed. The two-dimensional gel-electrophoretic analysis of the modified HMbs showed spots more acidic than that of wild-type HMb, a result in agreement with the formation of sulfinic acid and nitrotyrosine residues. By contrast, the reaction showed no evidence for the formation of protein homodimers, as observed in the reaction of HMb with H(2)O(2) alone. Both HMb and the modified HMb are active in the H(2)O(2)/NO(2) (-)-dependent nitration of exogenous phenols. Their catalytic activity is quite similar and the endogenous modifications of HMb therefore have little effect on the reactivity of the protein intermediates.
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24
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Kim-Shapiro DB, Gladwin MT, Patel RP, Hogg N. The reaction between nitrite and hemoglobin: the role of nitrite in hemoglobin-mediated hypoxic vasodilation. J Inorg Biochem 2005; 99:237-46. [PMID: 15598504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2004.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2004] [Revised: 10/02/2004] [Accepted: 10/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The reaction between nitrite and hemoglobin has been studied for over a century. However, recent evidence indicating nitrite is a latent vasodilatory agent that can be activated by its reaction with deoxyhemoglobin has led to renewed interest in this reaction. In this review we survey, in the context of our own recent studies, the chemical reactivity of nitrite with oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin, and place these reactions in both a physiological and pharmacological/therapeutic context.
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25
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Herold S. Nitrotyrosine, dityrosine, and nitrotryptophan formation from metmyoglobin, hydrogen peroxide, and nitrite. Free Radic Biol Med 2004; 36:565-79. [PMID: 14980701 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2003.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2003] [Revised: 10/06/2003] [Accepted: 10/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The biological relevance of tyrosine nitration is a subject of much interest, because extensive evidence supports formation of 3-nitrotyrosine in vivo under a variety of different pathological conditions. Several reagents are likely to be responsible for nitration in vivo, among others peroxynitrite and nitrite in the presence of H(2)O(2)/peroxidases. In this work we show that also metmyoglobin and methemoglobin can nitrate free tyrosine in the presence of nitrite and H(2)O(2). The results of these studies are simulated rather well by using a scheme that comprehends all the possible reactions that can take place in the system. Thus, a good understanding of the factors that determine the yields is achieved. Finally, we demonstrate that the system metMb/H(2)O(2)/NO(2)(-) can also lead to the nitration of tryptophan and produces, in particular, 6-, 4-, and 5-nitrotryptophan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Herold
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH Hönggerberg, Zürich, Switzerland.
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26
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Colas C, Ortiz de Montellano PR. Autocatalytic radical reactions in physiological prosthetic heme modification. Chem Rev 2003; 103:2305-32. [PMID: 12797831 DOI: 10.1021/cr0204303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Colas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0446, USA
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27
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Macdonald JM, LeBlanc DA, Haas AL, London RE. An NMR analysis of the reaction of ubiquitin with [acetyl-1-13C]aspirin. Biochem Pharmacol 1999; 57:1233-44. [PMID: 10230767 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The acetylation of ubiquitin by [acetyl-1-13C]aspirin has been studied using 2D NMR methods. Studies performed in a 50:50 H2O:D2O medium show doubling of the acetyl carbonyl resonances, indicating that all of the stable adducts formed involved amide linkages. Assignment of the heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) resonances was accomplished based on comparison of resonance intensities with the results of an Edman degradation analysis, pH titration studies of acetylated ubiquitin, and analysis of two ubiquitin mutants, K33R and K63R. The presence of a single tyrosine residue in close proximity to lysine-48 suggested another assignment strategy. Nitration of tyrosine-59 resulted in a small, pH-dependent shift of the resonance assigned to lysine-48, with a pK of 7.0, close to that expected for the nitrotyrosyl hydroxyl group. An additional adduct resonance with very low intensity also was observed and tentatively assigned to the acetylated N-terminal methionine residue. The relative rates of acetylation of the various lysine residues were obtained from time-dependent HMQC studies. Since no sample preparation artifacts were introduced, the levels of modification of the various residues could be determined with relatively high accuracy. Based on the time-dependent intensity data, the relative rate constants for modification of K6, K48, K63, K11, K33, and M1 were 1.0, 0.59, 0.43, 0.26, 0.23, and 0.03, respectively. These results were in much better agreement with amino accessibility predictions based on the crystal structure of the ubiquitin monomer than with predictions based on the ubiquitin structure in the crystallized dimeric and tetrameric forms. This approach provides a useful basis for understanding how local environmental factors can influence protein adduct formation, as well as for comparing the extent and specificity of various acetylation reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Macdonald
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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28
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Cheesman MR, Walker FA. Low-Temperature MCD Studies of Low-Spin Ferric Complexes of Tetramesitylporphyrinate: Evidence for the Novel (dxz,dyz)4(dxy)1 Ground State Which Models the Spectroscopic Properties of Heme d. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja960344i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myles R. Cheesman
- Contribution from the Centre for Metalloprotein Spectroscopy and Biology, School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Great Britain, and Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - F. Ann Walker
- Contribution from the Centre for Metalloprotein Spectroscopy and Biology, School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Great Britain, and Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
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29
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Moinet C, Autret M, Floner D, Le Plouzennec M, Simonneaux G. Electroreduction of α and β meso-nitrodeuteroporphyrins in a flow cell: preparation of meso-aminodeuteroporphyrins and meso-hydroxylaminodeuteroporphyrins. Electrochim Acta 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(94)80010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Peng Q, Timkovich R, Loewen PC, Peterson J. Identification of heme macrocycle type by near-infrared magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures. FEBS Lett 1992; 309:157-60. [PMID: 1324193 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(92)81085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and near-infrared magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of the azide and cyanide adducts of nitrimyoglobin and hydroperoxidase II from Escherichia coli have been measured at cryogenic temperatures. For the first time, ligand-to-metal charge-transfer transitions in the near-infrared have been observed for an Fe(III)-chlorine system. It is shown that near-ultraviolet-to-visible region electronic spectra of 'green' hemes such as these are an unreliable indicator of macrocycle type. However, the combined application of EPR and near-infrared MCD spectroscopies clearly distinguishes between the porphyrin-containing nitrimyoglobin and the chlorine-containing hydroperoxidase II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35487-0336
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31
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Qabar AN, Stern MS, Walz DA, Chiu JT, Timkovich R, Wall JS, Kapp OH, Vinogradov SN. Hierarchy of globin complexes. The quaternary structure of the extracellular chlorocruorin of Eudistylia vancouverii. J Mol Biol 1991; 222:1109-29. [PMID: 1762147 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(91)90596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The molecular dimensions of the extracellular, hexagonal bilayer chlorocruorin of the polychaete Eudistylia vancouverii, determined by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) of negatively stained specimens, were diameter of 27.5 nm and height of 18.5 nm. STEM mass measurements of unstained, freeze-dried specimens provided a molecular mass (Mm) of 3480 +/- 225 kDa. The chlorocruorin had no carbohydrate and its iron content was 0.251 +/- 0.021 wt%, corresponding to a minimum Mm of 22.4 kDa. Mass spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the prosthetic group confirmed it to be protoheme IX with a formyl group at position 3. SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, reversed-phase chromatography and N-terminal sequencing suggested that the chlorocruorin consists of at least three chains of approximately 30 kDa and five chains of approximately 16 kDa; the two types of subunits occur in the ratio 0.26:0.74(+/- 0.08). Complete dissociation of the chlorocruorin at neutral pH in the presence of urea or guanidine hydrochloride, followed by gel filtration, produced elution profiles consisting of three peaks, B, C and D. Fractions B and C consisted of the approximately 16 kDa chains and fraction D consisted of the approximately 30 kDa subunits. Mass measurements of particles in STEM images of unstained, freeze-dried fractions B and C provided Mm of 208 +/- 23 kDa and 65 +/- 12 kDa, respectively, in agreement with 191 +/- 13 kDa and 67 +/- 5 kDa obtained by gel filtration. Particles with Mm = 221 +/- 21 kDa were also observed in STEM images of unstained, freeze-dried chlorocruorin. These results imply that the chlorocruorin structure, in addition to the approximately 30 kDa linker subunits that have 0.26 to 0.47 heme groups/chain, comprises approximately 65 kDa tetramers and approximately 200 kDa dodecamers (trimers of tetramers) of globin chains. The stoichiometry of the tetramer and linker subunits calculated from molar amino acid compositions was 34 +/- 4 and 43 +/- 9. The complete dissociation of the chlorocruorin was accompanied by a 50 to 75% loss of the 55 +/- 14 Ca2+/mol protein, and was decreased to approximately 35% by the presence of 10 to 25 mM-Ca2+. Reassociation of dissociated chlorocruorin was maximal in the presence of 2.5 to 5 mM-Ca2+. The dodecamer and/or tetramer subunits in the absence or presence of Ca2+ exhibited very limited (less than 10%) reassociation into hexagonal bilayer structures, only in the presence of the linker subunit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Qabar
- Department of Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
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Denaturation and renaturation of myeloperoxidase. Consequences for the nature of the prosthetic group. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)54229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Choe Y, Ortiz de Montellano P. Differential additions to the myoglobin prosthetic heme group. Oxidative gamma-meso substitution by alkylhydrazines. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)93006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Characterization by NMR of the heme-myoglobin adduct formed during the reductive metabolism of BrCCl3. Covalent bonding of the proximal histidine to the ring I vinyl group. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)49975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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A nuclear Overhauser effect study of the active site of myeloperoxidase. Structural similarity of the prosthetic group to that on lactoperoxidase. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)39095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
Hemoproteins catalyze reductive and oxidative one-electron transformations. Not infrequently, the radicals produced by these one-electron reactions add to the prosthetic heme group of the enzyme and modify or terminate its catalytic function. Reactions of the radicals with the heme group include additions to the iron atom, pyrrole nitrogens, pyrrole carbons, vinyl groups, and meso carbons. The radicals involved in these reactions derive from the oxidizing agent, the substrate, or the amino acid residues of the catalytic site. The mechanism by which the radicals are generated, their steric and electronic properties, and the extent to which they have access to the heme group determine the nature and regiospecificity of the reaction. The reaction of heme prosthetic groups with radicals is relevant to the inhibition of hemoprotein enzymes, the normal and pathological degradation of heme, and our understanding of hemoprotein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Ortiz de Montellano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0446
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