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Nagata W, Gotoh M, Koizumi A, Fukasawa K, Nakagawa K, Satoh Y, Ishizuka T. Two-carba cyclic phosphatidic acid treatment promotes phenotypic switch from M1 to M2 microglia and prevents behavioral abnormalities in a mouse model of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Hum Cell 2023; 36:2006-2015. [PMID: 37540445 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease associated with the production of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies and other antibodies that predominantly affects women with a wide range of lesions. Although neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus (NPSLE), characterized by neuropsychiatric symptoms related to cerebrovascular diseases or depression, ranks high in severity, no specific treatment has been defined. Two-carba cyclic phosphatidic acid (2ccPA), a derivative of cyclic phosphatidic acid, was isolated from the true slime mold Physarum polycephalum in 1992. 2ccPA treatment suppresses neuroinflammation and promotes tissue repair in mouse multiple sclerosis and traumatic brain injury models. In this study, we performed behavioral tests on MRL/lpr mice as an NPSLE model. MRL/lpr mice showed increased depression-like behaviors compared with control mice, which were significantly suppressed by 2ccPA treatment. The expression of CD68, an M1 phenotypic marker of microglia, was significantly elevated in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of MRL/lpr mice, which was significantly suppressed by 2ccPA treatment. In contrast, the expression of Arginase1, an M2 phenotypic marker of microglia, was significantly increased by 2ccPA treatment. Compared to control mice, MRL/lpr mice showed higher plasma levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies, which are mainly involved in SLE pathogenesis. 2ccPA treatment decreased these levels in the MRL/lpr mice. These results suggest that 2ccPA treatment suppresses behavioral abnormalities by promoting a microglial phenotypic switch from M1 to M2 in MRL/lpr mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Nagata
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Mari Gotoh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiho Koizumi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Keiko Fukasawa
- Ochadai Academic Production, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Yasushi Satoh
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ishizuka
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan.
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Takei R, Nakashima M, Gotoh M, Endo M, Hashimoto K, Miyamoto Y, Murakami-Murofushi K. 2-carba-cyclic phosphatidic acid modulates astrocyte-to-microglia communication and influences microglial polarization towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Neurosci Lett 2023; 797:137063. [PMID: 36634888 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
2-carba-cyclic phosphatidic acid (2ccPA) suppresses microglial and astrocyte inflammation for neuronal survival following traumatic brain injury. However, it remains unknown how 2ccPA regulates microglial activation. In this study, to elucidate the 2ccPA behavior in glial communication, we collected the astrocyte conditioned media (ACM) from primary astrocyte cultures that were treated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 2ccPA and analyzed the alteration of microglial inflammation caused by the ACM treatment. The addition of the ACM derived from LPS- and 2ccPA-double treated astrocytes to microglia decreased the CD86+ pro-inflammatory M1 microglia, which were upregulated with the ACM collected from astrocytes treated by LPS without 2ccPA, while the direct addition of LPS and 2ccPA to microglia failed to decrease the CD86+ microglia to the basal level. We confirmed that the ACM from LPS- and 2ccPA-treated astrocytes increased the ratio of CD206+ anti-inflammatory M2 microglia to total microglia, whereas direct treatment of microglia with LPS and 2ccPA had no effect on the CD206+ microglia ratio, demonstrating the importance of astrocyte intervention in microglial polarization. In addition, we examined whether astrocytes modulate the 2ccPA-regulated proinflammatory cytokine production derived from microglia. The addition of the ACM from LPS- and 2ccPA-treated astrocytes to microglia remarkably canceled the LPS-induced upregulation of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α secreted from microglia, while the direct addition of LPS and 2ccPA to microglia showed no affect. Therefore, our results indicate that astrocytes mediate the 2ccPA function to shift microglia towards the M2 phenotype by interfering with the polarization of M1 microglia and to suppress cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rino Takei
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Nakashima
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Gotoh
- Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Kage, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misaki Endo
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Hashimoto
- Academic Production, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Research division of human welfare science, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kimiko Murakami-Murofushi
- Research division of human welfare science, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Gotoh M, Miyamoto Y, Ikeshima-Kataoka H. Astrocytic Neuroimmunological Roles Interacting with Microglial Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021599. [PMID: 36675113 PMCID: PMC9865248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Both astrocytic and microglial functions have been extensively investigated in healthy subjects and neurodegenerative diseases. For astrocytes, not only various sub-types were identified but phagocytic activity was also clarified recently and is making dramatic progress. In this review paper, we mostly focus on the functional role of astrocytes in the extracellular matrix and on interactions between reactive astrocytes and reactive microglia in normal states and in neurodegenerative diseases, because the authors feel it is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms among activated glial cells in the pathology of neurological diseases in order to pave the way for drug discovery. Finally, we will review cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA), a naturally occurring phospholipid mediator that induces a variety of biological activities in the brain both in vivo and in vitro. We propose that cPA may serve as a novel therapeutic molecule for the treatment of brain injury and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Gotoh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, 2-11-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
- Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Yasunori Miyamoto
- Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ikeshima-Kataoka
- Department of Biology, Keio University, 4-1-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Ortuno VE, Pulletikurti S, Veena KS, Krishnamurthy R. Synthesis and hydrolytic stability of cyclic phosphatidic acids: implications for synthetic- and proto-cell studies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6231-6234. [PMID: 35510658 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00292b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic phosphatidic acids (cPAs) are bioactive compounds with therapuetic potential, but are in short supply. We describe a robust synthesis of cPAs employing an efficient cyclophosphorylation procedure and report on their hydrolytic properties - which should facilitate the study of their biological properties and as plausible proto- and synthetic-cell components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Egas Ortuno
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Sunil Pulletikurti
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Kollery S Veena
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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The neuroprotective function of 2-carba-cyclic phosphatidic acid: Implications for tenascin-C via astrocytes in traumatic brain injury. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 361:577749. [PMID: 34688067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We examined the mechanism how 2-carba-cyclic phosphatidic acid (2ccPA), a lipid mediator, regulates neuronal apoptosis in traumatic brain injury (TBI). First, we found 2ccPA suppressed neuronal apoptosis after the injury, and increased the immunoreactivity of tenascin-C (TN-C), an extracellular matrix protein by 2ccPA in the vicinity of the wound region. 2ccPA increased the mRNA expression levels of Tnc in primary cultured astrocytes, and the conditioned medium of 2ccPA-treated astrocytes suppressed the apoptosis of cortical neurons. The neuroprotective effect of TN-C was abolished by knockdown of TN-C. These results indicate that 2ccPA contributes to neuroprotection via TN-C from astrocytes in TBI.
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2-Carba-lysophosphatidic acid is a novel β-lysophosphatidic acid analogue with high potential for lysophosphatidic acid receptor activation and autotaxin inhibition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17360. [PMID: 34462512 PMCID: PMC8405639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) is a naturally occurring phospholipid mediator that, along with its chemically stabilized analogue 2-carba-cyclic phosphatidic acid (2ccPA), induces various biological activities in vitro and in vivo. Although cPA is similar to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in structure and synthetic pathway, some of cPA biological functions apparently differ from those reported for LPA. We previously investigated the pharmacokinetic profile of 2ccPA, which was found to be rapidly degraded, especially in acidic conditions, yielding an unidentified compound. Thus, not only cPA but also its degradation compound may contribute to the biological activity of cPA, at least for 2ccPA. In this study, we determined the structure and examined the biological activities of 2-carba-lysophosphatidic acid (2carbaLPA) as a 2ccPA degradation compound, which is a type of β-LPA analogue. Similar to LPA and cPA, 2carbaLPA induced the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and showed potent agonism for all known LPA receptors (LPA1–6) in the transforming growth factor-α (TGFα) shedding assay, in particular for LPA3 and LPA4. 2carbaLPA inhibited the lysophospholipase D activity of autotaxin (ATX) in vitro similar to other cPA analogues, such as 2ccPA, 3-carba-cPA, and 3-carba-LPA (α-LPA analogue). Our study shows that 2carbaLPA is a novel β-LPA analogue with high potential for the activation of some LPA receptors and ATX inhibition.
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Shimizu Y, Fukasawa K, Yamamoto S, Shibaike Y, Tsukahara R, Ishikawa M, Iwasa K, Yoshikawa K, Gotoh M, Murakami-Murofushi K. Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of 2-carba-cyclic phosphatidic acid by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 150:106450. [PMID: 32298781 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) is a lysophospholipid mediator that suppresses cancer metastasis and osteoarthritis. It also has neuroprotective roles in diseases such as multiple sclerosis and delayed neuronal death following transient ischemia. In order to take advantage of the properties of cPA for the development of new therapeutic strategies, we have synthesized several cPA derivatives and discovered 2-carba-cPA (2ccPA) as a promising candidate. To develop 2ccPA as a therapeutic agent, we investigated the pharmacokinetic profile of 2ccPA by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry in this study. When 2ccPA was administered intraperitoneally to mice at a dose of 1.6 mg/kg, the half-life of 2ccPA in plasma was 16 min. The 2ccPA, dosed intraperitoneally to mice at 16 mg/kg, distributed to each organ including brain at 20 min after dosing. It was found that 2ccPA was stable in neutral or alkaline conditions (e.g., intestine) but unstable in acidic conditions (e.g., stomach). When 2ccPA was orally administrated to rats as a gastro-resistant form using an enterosoluble capsule, plasma 2ccPA levels peaked at 2 h, slowly declined thereafter and persistently detected even at 10 h after administration. Here, we present the findings on the effect of the continuous release of 2ccPA from the capsule to reduce the lysophospholipase D activity and also decrease plasma levels of lysophosphatidic acid in rat. These findings will be useful in further studies for evaluating the application of 2ccPA in several disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keiko Fukasawa
- Ochadai Academic Production, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuki Shibaike
- Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan; Research Organization for the Promotion of Global Women's Leadership, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Tsukahara
- Ochadai Academic Production, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kensuke Iwasa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mari Gotoh
- Ochadai Academic Production, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan.
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8
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Sakasegawa S, Taira S, Yamamoto K, Sugimori D. Enzymatic Synthesis of 1‐Alkyl‐2‐hydroxy‐
sn
‐glycero‐2,3‐cyclic‐phosphate Using a Novel Lysoplasmalogen‐Specific Phopholipase D. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201900227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin‐ich Sakasegawa
- Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation 632‐1 Mifuku Izunokuni Shizuoka 410‐2321 Japan
| | - Shu Taira
- Faculty of Agriculture Fukushima University 1 Kanayagawa Fukushima 960‐1296 Japan
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry Graduate School of Technology Industrial and Social Sciences Tokushima University 2‐1 Minami‐Jyosanjima‐cho Tokushima 770‐8513 Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugimori
- School of Symbiotic Systems Science and Technology Fukushima University 1 Kanayagawa Fukushima 960‐1296 Japan
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Damnjanović J, Nakano H, Iwasaki Y. Acyl chain that matters: introducing sn-2 acyl chain preference to a phospholipase D by protein engineering. Protein Eng Des Sel 2019; 32:1-11. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractPhospholipase D (PLD) is an enzyme widely used for enzymatic synthesis of structured phospholipids (PLs) with modified head groups. These PLs are mainly used as food supplements and liposome ingredients. Still, there is a need for an enzyme that discriminates between PLs and lysoPLs, for specific detection of lysoPLs in various specimens and enzymatic synthesis of certain PLs from a mixed substrate. To meet this demand, we aimed at altering sn-2 acyl chain recognition of a PLD, leading to a variant enzyme preferably reacting on lysoPLs, by protein engineering. Based on the crystal structure of Streptomyces antibioticus PLD, W166 was targeted for saturation mutagenesis due to its strong interaction with the sn-2 acyl chain of the PL. Screening result pointed at W166R and W166K PLDs to selectively react on lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), while not on PC. These variants showed a negative correlation between activity and sn-2 chain length of PL substrates. This behavior was not observed in the wild-type (WT)-PLD. Kinetic analysis revealed that the W166R and W166K variants have 7–10 times higher preference to lysoPC compared to the WT-PLD. Additionally, W166R PLD showed detectable activity toward glycero-3-phosphocholine, unlike the WT-PLD. Applicability of the lysoPC-preferring PLD was demonstrated by detection of lysoPC in the mixed PC/lysoPC sample and by the synthesis of cyclic phosphatidic acid. Structure model analyses supported the experimental findings and provided a basis for the structure model-based hypothesis on the observed behavior of the enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Damnjanović
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakano
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yugo Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Shibaike Y, Gotoh M, Ogawa C, Nakajima S, Yoshikawa K, Kobayashi T, Murakami-Murofushi K. 2-Carba cyclic phosphatidic acid inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 production in a human macrophage cell line. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 19:100668. [PMID: 31367683 PMCID: PMC6651843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) is a naturally occurring phospholipid mediator that contains a unique cyclic phosphate ring at the sn-2 and sn-3 positions of its glycerol backbone. Using mouse models for multiple sclerosis (cuprizone-induced demyelination and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis) and traumatic brain injury, we revealed that cPA and its metabolically stabilized cPA derivative, 2-carba-cPA (2ccPA), have potential to protect against neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated whether 2ccPA has anti-inflammatory effect on peripheral immune function or not using inflammation-induced macrophages-like cell line, THP-1 monocytes differentiated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cells were found to have higher expression of the mRNAs of several inflammation-related cytokines and of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2); however, when THP-1 cells were stimulated by LPS in the presence of 2ccPA, the increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine and Cox-2 mRNA was attenuated. 2ccPA treatment also decreased the amount of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) produced by LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells and decreased expression of the mRNA of prostaglandin E receptor 2 (EP2, PTGER2), a PGE2 receptor that mediates inflammation. These results indicate that 2ccPA has anti-inflammatory properties. 2-Carba cyclic phosphatidic acid inhibits prostaglandin E2 production. 2-Carba cyclic phosphatidic acid has anti-inflammatory effect. 2-Carba cyclic phosphatidic acid has effect on peripheral immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shibaike
- Endowed Research Division of Beauty and Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan.,Research Organization for the Promotion of Global Women's Leadership, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
| | - Mari Gotoh
- Endowed Research Division of Beauty and Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan.,Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Ogawa
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakajima
- Endowed Research Division of Beauty and Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan.,Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Moro-hongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Kobayashi
- Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan.,Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
| | - Kimiko Murakami-Murofushi
- Endowed Research Division of Beauty and Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
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11
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Inuki S, Fujimoto Y. Total synthesis of naturally occurring chiral cyclopropane fatty acids and related compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Evolutionary dynamics of origin and loss in the deep history of phospholipase D toxin genes. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:194. [PMID: 30563447 PMCID: PMC6299612 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Venom-expressed sphingomyelinase D/phospholipase D (SMase D/PLD) enzymes evolved from the ubiquitous glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterases (GDPD). Expression of GDPD-like SMaseD/PLD toxins in both arachnids and bacteria has inspired consideration of the relative contributions of lateral gene transfer and convergent recruitment in the evolutionary history of this lineage. Previous work recognized two distinct lineages, a SicTox-like (ST-like) clade including the arachnid toxins, and an Actinobacterial-toxin like (AT-like) clade including the bacterial toxins and numerous fungal homologs. Results Here we expand taxon sampling by homology detection to discover new GDPD-like SMase D/PLD homologs. The ST-like clade now includes homologs in a wider variety of arthropods along with a sister group in Cnidaria; the AT-like clade now includes additional fungal phyla and proteobacterial homologs; and we report a third clade expressed in diverse aquatic metazoan taxa, a few single-celled eukaryotes, and a few aquatic proteobacteria. GDPD-like SMaseD/PLDs have an ancient presence in chelicerates within the ST-like family and ctenophores within the Aquatic family. A rooted phylogenetic tree shows that the three clades derived from a basal paraphyletic group of proteobacterial GDPD-like SMase D/PLDs, some of which are on mobile genetic elements. GDPD-like SMase D/PLDs share a signature C-terminal motif and a shortened βα1 loop, features that distinguish them from GDPDs. The three major clades also have active site loop signatures that distinguish them from GDPDs and from each other. Analysis of molecular phylogenies with respect to organismal relationships reveals a dynamic evolutionary history including both lateral gene transfer and gene duplication/loss. Conclusions The GDPD-like SMaseD/PLD enzymes derive from a single ancient ancestor, likely proteobacterial, and radiated into diverse organismal lineages at least in part through lateral gene transfer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1302-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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2-carba cyclic phosphatidic acid suppresses inflammation via regulation of microglial polarisation in the stab-wounded mouse cerebral cortex. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9715. [PMID: 29946114 PMCID: PMC6018705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27990-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by physical damage to the brain and it induces blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and inflammation. To diminish the sequelae of TBI, it is important to decrease haemorrhage and alleviate inflammation. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of 2-carba-cyclic phosphatidic acid (2ccPA) on the repair mechanisms after a stab wound injury as a murine TBI model. The administration of 2ccPA suppressed serum immunoglobulin extravasation after the injury. To elucidate the effects of 2ccPA on inflammation resulting from TBI, we analysed the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines. We found that 2ccPA prevents a TBI-induced increase in the mRNA expression of Il-1β, Il-6, Tnf-α and Tgf-β1. In addition, 2ccPA reduces the elevation of Iba1 levels. These data suggest that 2ccPA attenuates the inflammation after a stab wound injury via the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines release from microglial cells. Therefore, we focused on the function of 2ccPA in microglial polarisation towards M1 or M2 phenotypes. The administration of 2ccPA decreased the number of M1 and increased the number of M2 type microglial cells, indicating that 2ccPA modulates the microglial polarisation and shifts them towards M2 phenotype. These data suggest that 2ccPA treatment suppresses the extent of BBB breakdown and inflammation after TBI.
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Shimizu Y, Ishikawa M, Gotoh M, Fukasawa K, Yamamoto S, Iwasa K, Yoshikawa K, Murakami-Murofushi K. Quantitative determination of cyclic phosphatidic acid and its carba analog in mouse organs and plasma using LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1076:15-21. [PMID: 29353671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA), an analog of lysophosphatidic acid, is involved in the regulation of many cellular processes. A sensitive and specific method to quantify the molecular species of cPA is important for studying the physiological and pathophysiological roles of cPA. Here, we developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based quantification method for the simultaneous detection of cPA species having various fatty acids (16:0, 18:0, 18:1, and 18:2) as well as 2-carba-cPA, a chemically synthesized analog of cPA. Chromatography was performed using a reversed-phase C18 column. cPA species were detected using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. cPA 17:0 was used as an internal standard. Intra- and interday precision values (CV%) were within 10%. The linear range of detection for each cPA species was 0.01 μg/mL to 5 μg/mL, with correlation coefficients of 0.998 or higher. The developed method was applied to the quantification of cPA species in mouse plasma and organs. The concentrations of cPA 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1 were revealed to be significantly reduced in the brains of cuprizone-treated mice, a model of multiple sclerosis, compared with control mice. These findings could be important for understanding the roles of cPA in the neurodegenerative processes associated with multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshibumi Shimizu
- Endowed Research Division of Human Welfare Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mari Gotoh
- Endowed Research Division of Human Welfare Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Fukasawa
- Endowed Research Division of Human Welfare Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kensuke Iwasa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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Sano K, Gotoh M, Dodo K, Tajima N, Shimizu Y, Murakami-Murofushi K. Age-related changes in cyclic phosphatidic acid-induced hyaluronic acid synthesis in human fibroblasts. Hum Cell 2017; 31:72-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s13577-017-0185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Volle JN, Guillon R, Bancel F, Bekro YA, Pirat JL, Virieux D. Phosphono- and Phosphinolactones in the Life Sciences. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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The effect of cyclic phosphatidic acid on the proliferation and differentiation of mouse cerebellar granule precursor cells during cerebellar development. Brain Res 2015; 1614:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Shah S, White JM, Williams SJ. Total syntheses of cis-cyclopropane fatty acids: dihydromalvalic acid, dihydrosterculic acid, lactobacillic acid, and 9,10-methylenehexadecanoic acid. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:9427-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01863j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Maeda-Sano K, Gotoh M, Morohoshi T, Someya T, Murofushi H, Murakami-Murofushi K. Cyclic phosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidic acid induce hyaluronic acid synthesis via CREB transcription factor regulation in human skin fibroblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:1256-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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20
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Gotoh M, Nagano A, Tsukahara R, Murofushi H, Morohoshi T, Otsuka K, Murakami-Murofushi K. Cyclic phosphatidic acid relieves osteoarthritis symptoms. Mol Pain 2014; 10:52. [PMID: 25123228 PMCID: PMC4141741 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-10-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) is a naturally occurring phospholipid mediator with a unique cyclic phosphate ring at the sn-2 and sn-3 positions of its glycerol backbone. Natural cPA and its chemically stabilized cPA derivative, 2-carba-cPA (2ccPA), inhibit chronic and acute inflammation, and 2ccPA attenuates neuropathic pain. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease frequently associated with symptoms such as inflammation and joint pain. Because 2ccPA has obvious antinociceptive activity, we hypothesized that 2ccPA might relieve the pain caused by OA. We aimed to characterize the effects of 2ccPA on the pathogenesis of OA induced by total meniscectomy in the rabbit knee joint. Results Intra-articular injection of 2ccPA (twice a week for 42 days) significantly reduced pain and articular swelling. Histopathology showed that 2ccPA suppressed cartilage degeneration in OA. We also examined the effects of 2ccPA on the inflammatory and catabolic responses of human OA synoviocytes and chondrosarcoma SW1353 cells in vitro. 2ccPA stimulated synthesis of hyaluronic acid and suppressed production of the metalloproteinases MMP-1, -3, and -13. However, it had no effect on the production of interleukin (IL)-6, an inflammatory cytokine. The suppressive effect of 2ccPA on MMP-1 and -3 production in synoviocytes and on MMP-13 production in SW1353 cells was not mediated by the lysophosphatidic acid receptor, LPA1 receptor (LPA1R). Conclusions Our results suggest that 2ccPA significantly reduces the pain response to OA by inducing hyaluronic acid production and suppressing MMP-1, -3, and -13 production in synoviocytes and chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kimiko Murakami-Murofushi
- Endowed Research Division of Human Welfare Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.
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21
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Cyclic phosphatidic acid treatment suppress cuprizone-induced demyelination and motor dysfunction in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 741:17-24. [PMID: 25084219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system leading to progressive cognitive and motor dysfunction, which is characterized by neuroinflammation, demyelination, astrogliosis, loss of oligodendrocytes, and axonal pathologies. Cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) is a naturally occurring phospholipid mediator with a unique cyclic phosphate ring structure at the sn-2 and sn-3 positions of the glycerol backbone. cPA elicits a neurotrophin-like action and protects hippocampal neurons from ischemia-induced delayed neuronal death. In this study, we investigated the effects of cPA on cuprizone-induced demyelination, which is a model of multiple sclerosis. Mice were fed a diet containing 0.2% cuprizone for 5 weeks, which induces severe demyelination, astrocyte and microglial activation, and motor dysfunction. Simultaneous administration of cPA effectively attenuated cuprizone-induced demyelination, glial activation, and motor dysfunction. These data indicate that cPA may be a useful treatment to reduce the extent of demyelination and the severity of motor dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. cPA is a potential lead compound in the development of drugs for the treatment of this devastating disease.
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22
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Gotoh M, Sano-Maeda K, Murofushi H, Murakami-Murofushi K. Protection of neuroblastoma Neuro2A cells from hypoxia-induced apoptosis by cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA). PLoS One 2012; 7:e51093. [PMID: 23251428 PMCID: PMC3521017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) is a naturally occurring phospholipid mediator with a unique cyclic phosphate ring at the sn-2 and sn-3 positions of its glycerol backbone. We have previously shown that cPA significantly suppresses ischemia-induced delayed neuronal death and the accumulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus. These results indicated that the systemic administration of cPA can protect hippocampal neurons against ischemia-induced delayed neuronal cell death. In the current study, we investigated the effects of cPA on neuronal cell death caused by hypoxia in vitro and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. We used cobalt chloride (CoCl2) to expose cells to hypoxic conditions in vitro. Treating mouse neuroblastoma (Neuro2A) cells with CoCl2 induced nuclear DNA condensation and phosphatidylserine exposure. However, adding cPA led to the suppression of CoCl2-induced apoptosis in a cPA dose-dependent manner and attenuated the increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio caused by CoCl2. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that Neuro2A cells strongly express the LPA1, LPA2, and LPA6, which are G-protein coupled receptors that can be activated by cPA. To date, LPA1 and LPA2 have been reported to exhibit antiapoptotic activity. Therefore, to assess the roles of LPA1 and LPA2 on cPA-induced neuroprotective functions, Ki16425, a selective LPA1 and LPA3 antagonist, was adopted to know the LPA1 function and siRNA was used to knockdown the expression of LPA2. On the basis of our results, we propose that cPA-induced protection of Neuro2A cells from CoCl2-induced hypoxia damage is mediated via LPA2.
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Nozaki E, Gotoh M, Tanaka R, Kato M, Suzuki T, Nakazaki A, Hotta H, Kobayashi S, Murakami-Murofushi K. Pharmacological evaluation of a novel cyclic phosphatidic acid derivative 3-S-cyclic phosphatidic acid (3-S-cPA). Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3196-201. [PMID: 22512905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) is a naturally occurring phospholipid mediator possessing cyclic phosphate ring, which is necessary for its specific biological activities. To stabilize cyclic phosphate ring of cPA, we synthesized a series of cPA derivatives. We have shown that racemic 3-S-cPA, with a phosphate oxygen atom replaced with a sulfur atom at the sn-3, was a more effective autotaxin (ATX) inhibitor than cPA. In this study, we showed that racemic 3-S-cPA also had potent biological activities such as inhibition of cancer cell migration, suppression of the nociceptive reflex, and attenuation of ischemia-induced delayed neuronal cell death in the hippocampal CA1. Moreover, we synthesized both enantiomers of palmitoleoyl derivative of 3-S-cPA, and found that the chirality of 3-S-cPA is not involved in ATX inhibition. Based on these findings, racemic 3-S-cPA is suggested as an effective therapeutic compound like cPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Nozaki
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Department of Life Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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24
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Tanaka R, Kato M, Suzuki T, Nakazaki A, Nozaki E, Gotoh M, Murakami-Murofushi K, Kobayashi S. Efficient synthesis of 3-O-thia-cPA and preliminary analysis of its biological activity toward autotaxin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4180-2. [PMID: 21676615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The efficient synthesis of 3-O-thia-cPAs (4a-d), sulfur analogues of cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA), has been achieved. The key step of the synthesis is an intramolecular Arbuzov reaction to construct the cyclic thiophosphate moiety. The present synthetic route enables the synthesis of 4a-d in only four steps from the commercially available glycidol. Preliminary biological experiments showed that 4a-d exhibited a similar inhibitory effect on autotaxin (ATX) as original cPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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25
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Kakiuchi Y, Nagai J, Gotoh M, Hotta H, Murofushi H, Ogawa T, Ueda H, Murakami-Murofushi K. Antinociceptive effect of cyclic phosphatidic acid and its derivative on animal models of acute and chronic pain. Mol Pain 2011; 7:33. [PMID: 21569544 PMCID: PMC3113318 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-7-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Kakiuchi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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26
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Berdichevets IN, Tyazhelova TV, Shimshilashvili KR, Rogaev EI. Lysophosphatidic acid is a lipid mediator with wide range of biological activities. Biosynthetic pathways and mechanism of action. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 75:1088-97. [PMID: 21077828 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297910090026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid mediator required for maintaining homeostasis of numerous physiological functions and also involved in development of some pathological processes through interactions with G protein-coupled receptors. Recently many data have appeared about the role of this phospholipid in humans, but pathways of LPA biosynthesis and mechanisms of its action remain unclear. This review presents modern concepts about biosynthesis, reception, and biological activity of LPA in humans. Natural and synthetic LPA analogs are considered in the view of their possible use in pharmacology as agonists and/or antagonists of G protein-coupled receptors of LPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Berdichevets
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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27
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Nozaki E, Gotoh M, Hotta H, Hanazawa S, Kobayashi S, Murakami-Murofushi K. Synthesis of enantiopure 2-carba-cyclic phosphatidic acid and effects of its chirality on biological functions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:271-7. [PMID: 21277386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) is a naturally occurring phospholipid mediator, which has a quite unique cyclic phosphate ring at sn-2 and sn-3 positions of the glycerol backbone. We have designed and chemically synthesized several metabolically stabilized derivatives of cPA. 2-Carba-cPA (2ccPA) is one of the synthesized compounds in which the phosphate oxygen was replaced with a methylene group at the sn-2 position, and it showed much more potent biological activities than natural cPA. Here, we developed a new method of 2ccPA enantiomeric synthesis. And we examined the effects of 2ccPA enantiomers on autotaxin (ATX) activity, cancer cell invasion and nociceptive reflex. As well as racemic-2ccPA, both enantiomers showed inhibitory effects on ATX activity, cancer cell invasion and nociceptive reflex. As their effects were not significantly different from each other, the chirality of 2ccPA may not be critical for these biological functions of 2ccPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Nozaki
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Department of Life Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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28
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Parrill AL. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor agonists and antagonists (WO2010051053). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:281-6. [PMID: 21222547 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.539206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid involved in signaling pathways that result in cell survival, proliferation, migration and invasion. These cellular responses are a critical element of both normal development as well as pathophysiology. In particular, dysregulated LPA production and function have been linked with cancer and cardiovascular disease. RxBio, Inc. has generated several series of LPA analogs with varied agonist/antagonist function at the LPA(1-3) GPCR targets of LPA signaling. These analogs are simplified relative to LPA through deletion of the glycerol moiety linking the LPA phosphate and fatty acid groups. One of the example compounds was shown to protect intestinal crypt cells from radiation-induced apoptosis in mice when whole body irradiation occurred 2 h after oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby L Parrill
- The University of Memphis, Department of Chemistry, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
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29
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Nozaki E, Gotoh M, Hanazawa S, Mori H, Kobayashi S, Murakami-Murofushi K. Comparison of Inhibitory Activities of Stereo-Isomers of Cyclic Phosphatidic Acid (cPA) on Autotaxin. CYTOLOGIA 2011. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.76.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emi Nozaki
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Ochanomizu University
| | - Mari Gotoh
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Ochanomizu University
| | - Shuwa Hanazawa
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Ochanomizu University
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Hirotoshi Mori
- Division of Advanced Sciences, Ocha-dai Academic Production, Ochanomizu University
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30
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Tsukahara T, Hanazawa S, Murakami-Murofushi K. Cyclic phosphatidic acid influences the expression and regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3B and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 404:109-14. [PMID: 21095182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) is found in cells from slime mold to humans and has a largely unknown function. We previously reported that cPA significantly inhibited the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through inhibition of PPARγ activation. We find here that cPA reduced intracellular triglyceride levels and inhibited the phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PPARγ activation in adipogenesis that can be blocked by treatment with cPA then participates in adipocyte function through inhibition of PDE3B expression. We also found the intracellular cAMP levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes increased after exposure to cPA. These findings contribute to the participation of cPA on the lipolytic activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our studies imply that cPA might be a therapeutic compound in the treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Tsukahara
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-System Control, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
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Tania M, Khan MA, Zhang H, Li J, Song Y. Autotaxin: A protein with two faces. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 401:493-7. [PMID: 20888793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gotoh M, Hotta H, Murakami-Murofushi K. Effects of cyclic phosphatidic acid on delayed neuronal death following transient ischemia in rat hippocampal CA1. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 649:206-9. [PMID: 20868671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) is a lipid mediator that elicits a neurotrophin-like action in embryonic hippocampal neurons in vitro. In this study, we investigated the effects of cPA and 2-O-carba-oleoyl-cPA (2ccPA), a metabolically stabilized cPA derivative, on ischemia-induced delayed neuronal death in the rat hippocampal CA1 region. Transient occlusion for 8 min of bilateral carotid arteries besides permanent ligation of bilateral vertebral arteries was performed and morphological changes of the neurons were examined histologically 5 days after occlusion. cPA or 2ccPA was continuously administered for 5 days by means of an osmotic pump that was implanted subcutaneously before occlusion. Five days after occlusion, delayed neuronal death occurred in approximately 85% of the CA1 hippocampal neurons in the 0.2-2% bovine serum albumin vehicle control group. However, administration of cPA significantly increased the number of undamaged neurons in a dose-dependent manner. At the most effective concentration (18 μg/kg/5d), the number of undamaged neurons was increased to 4 times of that in the vehicle control group. 2ccPA also showed a neuroprotective effect, but it was less potent than that of natural cPA. These results indicate that systemic administration of both cPA and 2ccPA can protect neurons from ischemia-induced delayed neuronal death in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Gotoh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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Altman MK, Gopal V, Jia W, Yu S, Hall H, Mills GB, McGinnis AC, Bartlett MG, Jiang G, Madan D, Prestwich GD, Xu Y, Davies MA, Murph MM. Targeting melanoma growth and viability reveals dualistic functionality of the phosphonothionate analogue of carba cyclic phosphatidic acid. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:140. [PMID: 20529378 PMCID: PMC2895597 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the incidence of melanoma in the U.S. is rising faster than any other cancer, the FDA-approved chemotherapies lack efficacy for advanced disease, which results in poor overall survival. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), autotaxin (ATX), the enzyme that produces LPA, and the LPA receptors represent an emerging group of therapeutic targets in cancer, although it is not known which of these is most effective. RESULTS Herein we demonstrate that thio-ccPA 18:1, a stabilized phosphonothionate analogue of carba cyclic phosphatidic acid, ATX inhibitor and LPA1/3 receptor antagonist, induced a marked reduction in the viability of B16F10 metastatic melanoma cells compared with PBS-treated control by 80-100%. Exogenous LPA 18:1 or D-sn-1-O-oleoyl-2-O-methylglyceryl-3-phosphothioate did not reverse the effect of thio-ccPA 18:1. The reduction in viability mediated by thio-ccPA 18:1 was also observed in A375 and MeWo melanoma cell lines, suggesting that the effects are generalizable. Interestingly, siRNA to LPA3 (siLPA3) but not other LPA receptors recapitulated the effects of thio-ccPA 18:1 on viability, suggesting that inhibition of the LPA3 receptor is an important dualistic function of the compound. In addition, siLPA3 reduced proliferation, plasma membrane integrity and altered morphology of A375 cells. Another experimental compound designed to antagonize the LPA1/3 receptors significantly reduced viability in MeWo cells, which predominantly express the LPA3 receptor. CONCLUSIONS Thus the ability of thio-ccPA 18:1 to inhibit the LPA3 receptor and ATX are key to its molecular mechanism, particularly in melanoma cells that predominantly express the LPA3 receptor. These observations necessitate further exploration and exploitation of these targets in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly K Altman
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, 250 W. Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Vashisht Gopal
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin, 1 SCRB 2.3019, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, 250 W. Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Shuangxing Yu
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hassan Hall
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - A Cary McGinnis
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, 250 W. Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Michael G Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, 250 W. Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Guowei Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Damian Madan
- Echelon Biosciences Inc., 675 Arapeen Dr., Suite 302, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin, 1 SCRB 2.3019, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Mandi M Murph
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, 250 W. Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Shan L, Li S, Jaffe K, Davis L. Quantitative determination of cyclic phosphatidic acid in human serum by LC/ESI/MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 862:161-7. [PMID: 18155973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 12/01/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An LC/ESI/MS/MS method for cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) quantification in serum is established in the present report. The limit of quantitation of the assay reaches low nanomolar level in human serum and the CV% are within 10%. Using this method, we successfully quantify the levels of two cPA species, 16:0 and 18:1, in human serum. We find that the concentrations of 16:0 cPA in the serum of normal subjects and post-surgery ovarian cancer patients are significantly higher than its corresponding concentration in pre-surgery ovarian cancer patients, supporting the observation that cPA has anti-cancer activity. Another discovery is that the addition of strong acids (such as hydrochloric acid) in human serum may lead to the production of artificial cPA. Therefore, strong acids should be avoided in the extraction of cPA present in a complex matrix. Based on this observation, a new lipid extraction method was developed and used to extract cPA. The extraction recovery is close to 80%, guaranteeing an accurate quantification of cPA by LC/ESI/MS/MS can be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Shan
- Frantz BioMarkers LLC, 7740 Metric Drive, Mentor, OH 44060, USA.
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Nakamura R, Takeuchi R, Kuramochi K, Mizushina Y, Ishimaru C, Takakusagi Y, Takemura M, Kobayashi S, Yoshida H, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K. Chemical properties of fatty acid derivatives as inhibitors of DNA polymerases. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:3912-21. [PMID: 18043794 DOI: 10.1039/b710944j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the chemical properties of organic acids as DNA polymerase inhibitors were examined. In total, we assayed the inhibitory activities of 23 compounds. We found that the DNA synthesis activity of DNA polymerase was usually reduced to less than 50% in the presence of 100 microM monoprotic acids, which have a Clog P value greater than 7.0 and a pK(a) value less than 5.4. With a minor modification these chemical properties applied to several organic fatty acids previously reported as DNA polymerase inhibitors. Moreover, we also examined the inhibitory activities of perfluorooctadecanoic acid (PFOdA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) against DNA polymerase beta in detail. These compounds inhibited the polymerase activity of pol beta competitively with template-primer DNA, and non-competitively with dNTPs. In addition, the 8 kDa domain-defective pol beta was also sensitive to these compounds. Our results suggest that the inhibitory mode of action of PFOdA and PFOS is different from that mediated by the classic fatty acid inhibitors against DNA polymerase beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Nakamura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Murph M, Tanaka T, Liu S, Mills GB. Of Spiders and Crabs: The Emergence of Lysophospholipids and Their Metabolic Pathways as Targets for Therapy in Cancer: Fig. 1. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:6598-602. [PMID: 17121877 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), two small lysophospholipids, are potent inducers of many of the hallmarks of cancer including cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and neovascularization in in vitro and in vivo tumor models. Furthermore, the enzymes metabolizing LPA and S1P and their receptors are aberrant in multiple cancer lineages and exhibit transforming activity altering patterns and targets for metastasis. Several recent studies show the remarkable activity of new chemical genomics and/or potential novel drugs in preclinical models. Combined with the physiologic and pathophysiologic activities of LPA and S1P, these studies suggest the implementation of preclinical and clinical evaluation of LPA and S1P as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandi Murph
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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37
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Uchiyama A, Mukai M, Fujiwara Y, Kobayashi S, Kawai N, Murofushi H, Inoue M, Enoki S, Tanaka Y, Niki T, Kobayashi T, Tigyi G, Murakami-Murofushi K. Inhibition of transcellular tumor cell migration and metastasis by novel carba-derivatives of cyclic phosphatidic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2006; 1771:103-12. [PMID: 17123862 PMCID: PMC3446789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Revised: 09/16/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic phosphatidic acid (1-acyl-sn-glycerol-2,3-cyclic phosphate; cPA) is a naturally occurring analog of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) with a variety of distinctly different biological activities from those of LPA. In contrast to LPA, a potent inducer of tumor cell invasion, palmitoyl-cPA inhibits FBS- and LPA-induced transcellular migration and metastasis. To prevent the conversion of cPA to LPA we synthesized cPA derivatives by stabilizing the cyclic phosphate ring; to prevent the cleavage of the fatty acid we generated alkyl ether analogs of cPA. Both sets of compounds were tested for inhibitory activity on transcellular tumor cell migration. Carba derivatives, in which the phosphate oxygen was replaced with a methylene group at either the sn-2 or the sn-3 position, showed much more potent inhibitory effects on MM1 tumor cell transcellular migration and the pulmonary metastasis of B16-F0 melanoma than the natural pal-cPA. The antimetastatic effect of carba-cPA was accompanied by the inhibition of RhoA activation and was not due to inhibition of the activation of LPA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Uchiyama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Mutsuko Mukai
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Institute, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujiwara
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Susumu Kobayashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kawai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiromu Murofushi
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Institute, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
| | - Shigenori Enoki
- Department of Pharmacology, Panapharm Laboratories Co., Ltd., Kumamoto 869-0425, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Panapharm Laboratories Co., Ltd., Kumamoto 869-0425, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Gabor Tigyi
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Kimiko Murakami-Murofushi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +81 3 5978 5362. (K. Murakami-Murofushi)
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38
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Baker DL, Fujiwara Y, Pigg KR, Tsukahara R, Kobayashi S, Murofushi H, Uchiyama A, Murakami-Murofushi K, Koh E, Bandle RW, Byun HS, Bittman R, Fan D, Murph M, Mills GB, Tigyi G. Carba analogs of cyclic phosphatidic acid are selective inhibitors of autotaxin and cancer cell invasion and metastasis. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:22786-93. [PMID: 16782709 PMCID: PMC3505596 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512486200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX, nucleotide pyrophosphate/phosphodiesterase-2) is an autocrine motility factor initially characterized from A2058 melanoma cell-conditioned medium. ATX is known to contribute to cancer cell survival, growth, and invasion. Recently ATX was shown to be responsible for the lysophospholipase D activity that generates lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Production of LPA is sufficient to explain the effects of ATX on tumor cells. Cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) is a naturally occurring analog of LPA in which the sn-2 hydroxy group forms a 5-membered ring with the sn-3 phosphate. Cellular responses to cPA generally oppose those of LPA despite activation of apparently overlapping receptor populations, suggesting that cPA also activates cellular targets distinct from LPA receptors. cPA has previously been shown to inhibit tumor cell invasion in vitro and cancer cell metastasis in vivo. However, the mechanism governing this effect remains unresolved. Here we show that 3-carba analogs of cPA lack significant agonist activity at LPA receptors yet are potent inhibitors of ATX activity, LPA production, and A2058 melanoma cell invasion in vitro and B16F10 melanoma cell metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Baker
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
- Department of Vascular Biology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
- Department of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Centers of Excellence, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
- The University of Tennessee Cancer Institute, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Yuko Fujiwara
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Kathryn R. Pigg
- Department of Vascular Biology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Ryoko Tsukahara
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Susumu Kobayashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science University of Tokyo, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiromu Murofushi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Ayako Uchiyama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | | | - Eunjin Koh
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Russell W. Bandle
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Hoe-Sup Byun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367
| | - Robert Bittman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367
| | - Dominic Fan
- Department of Cancer Biology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Mandi Murph
- Department of Molecular Theraputics, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Department of Molecular Theraputics, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Gabor Tigyi
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
- The University of Tennessee Cancer Institute, Memphis, TN 38163
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39
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Xu Y, Jiang G, Tsukahara R, Fujiwara Y, Tigyi G, Prestwich GD. Phosphonothioate and Fluoromethylene Phosphonate Analogues of Cyclic Phosphatidic Acid: Novel Antagonists of Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptors§. J Med Chem 2006; 49:5309-15. [PMID: 16913720 DOI: 10.1021/jm060351+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Isoform-selective antagonists of the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) have important potential uses in cell biology and clinical applications. Novel phosphonothioate and fluoromethylene phosphonate analogues of carbacyclic phosphatidic acid (ccPA) were prepared by chemical synthesis. The pKa values of these amphilic phosphonolipids and the parent cyclic phosphonate were measured titrimetrically using the Yasuda-Shedlovsky extrapolation. The pharmacological properties of these and other ccPA analogues were characterized for LPA receptor (LPAR) subtype-specific agonist and antagonist activity using Ca2+-mobilization assays in RH7777 cells expressing the individual EDG-family GPCRs. In particular, the phosphonothioate ccPA analogue inhibited Ca2+ release through LPA1/LPA3 activation and was an LPA1/LPA3 antagonist. The monofluoromethylene phosphonate ccPA analogue was also a potent LPA1/LPA3 antagonist. In contrast, the difluoromethylene phosphonate ccPA analogue was a weak LPAR agonist, while ccPA itself had neither agonist nor antagonist activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108-1257, USA
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40
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Hotta H, Kagitani F, Murakami-Murofushi K. Cyclic phosphatidic acid stimulates respiration without producing vasopressor or tachycardiac effects in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 543:27-31. [PMID: 16806161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Revised: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a novel lipid mediator, cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA), on respiratory and cardiovascular functions were examined in anesthetized rats. Intravenous (i.v.) administration of 3-O-carba-oleoyl-cPA at doses of 130 and 390 microg/kg produced dose-dependent increases in tidal volume and respiratory frequency, resulting in an increase in total ventilation. Heart rate was slightly decreased at a dose of 390 microg/kg, while systemic arterial pressure was not affected. Bilateral section of vagi and carotid sinus nerves designed to eliminate major regulatory inputs from the peripheral afferents to the respiratory center reduced these responses, but did not abolish them. These results indicate that cPA stimulates respiration, via central and peripheral mechanisms acting on the central respiratory rhythm generator in the brain stem. Administration of cPA may be of therapeutic value as a respiratory stimulant without producing vasopressor or tachycardiac effects, for treatment of respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Hotta
- Department of the Autonomic Nervous System, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
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41
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Tsuda S, Okudaira S, Moriya-Ito K, Shimamoto C, Tanaka M, Aoki J, Arai H, Murakami-Murofushi K, Kobayashi T. Cyclic phosphatidic acid is produced by autotaxin in blood. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:26081-8. [PMID: 16837466 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m602925200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA), an analog of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), was previously identified in human serum. Although cPA possesses distinct physiological activities not elicited by LPA, its biochemical origins have scarcely been studied. In the present study, we assayed cPA formation from lysophosphatidylcholine in fetal bovine serum and found significant activity of transphosphatidylation that generated cPA. The cPA-producing enzyme was purified from fetal bovine serum using five chromatographic steps yielding a 100-kDa protein with cPA biosynthetic activity. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of its tryptic peptides revealed that the enzyme shared identical fragments with human autotaxin, a serum lysophospholipase D that produces LPA. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the 100-kDa protein was specifically recognized by an anti-human autotaxin antibody. Moreover, recombinant rat autotaxin was found to generate cPA in addition to LPA. No significant cPA- or LPA-producing activity was detected in autotaxin-depleted serum from bovine or human prepared by immunoprecipitation with an anti-autotaxin monoclonal antibody. These results indicate that the generation of cPA and LPA in serum is mainly attributed to autotaxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Tsuda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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42
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Mansoor TA, Bae BH, Hong J, Lee CO, Im KS, Jung JH. New fatty acid derivatives from Homaxinella sp., a marine sponge. Lipids 2005; 40:981-5. [PMID: 16329471 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-005-1459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fractionation of the MeOH extract of Homaxinella sp., a marine sponge, led to the isolation of a sodium salt of a new brominated FA (1), two new MG (2 and 4), and a new lysoPC (6). The geometry of the double bonds in 1 and 2 was defined by comparison of the NMR chemical shifts of the allylic carbons, nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy correlations of the allylic protons, and coupling constants of the vinylic protons with those reported. Evidence mainly from NMR and MS analyses established the planar structures of the compounds. Compounds 1, 2, 4, and 6 were evaluated for cytotoxicity against a panel of five human solid tumor cell lines. Only compound 1 showed moderate activity.
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43
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Nakatani S, Kamata K, Sato M, Onuki H, Hirota H, Matsumoto J, Ishibashi M. Melleumin A, a novel peptide lactone isolated from the cultured myxomycete Physarum melleum. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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44
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45
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Murakami C, Yamazaki T, Hanashima S, Takahashi S, Ohta K, Yoshida H, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K, Mizushina Y. Structure-function relationship of synthetic sulfoquinovosyl-acylglycerols as mammalian DNA polymerase inhibitors. Arch Biochem Biophys 2002; 403:229-36. [PMID: 12139972 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(02)00219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that sulfo-glycolipids such as sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerol (SQDG) and sulfoquinovosyl-monoacylglycerol (SQMG) are potent inhibitors of DNA polymerase alpha and beta and antineoplastic agents. Then, we succeeded in synthesizing SQDG and SQMG chemically, including their stereoisomers, glucopyranosyl-diacylglycerol (GDG) and glucopyranosyl-monoacylglycerol (GMG). In this study, we demonstrated the structure-function relationship of the synthetic sulfo-glycolipids to DNA polymerase alpha and beta and their relationship to the cytotoxic activity. Both SQDG and SQMG inhibited the activity of mammalian DNA polymerase alpha with IC(50) values of 3-5 microM, but GMG only moderately inhibited it. GDG, diacylglycerol (DG), and monoacylglycerol (MG) did not influence any of the DNA polymerase activities. The sulfate moiety in the quinovose was important in inhibiting the enzyme activity. The one-fatty-acid-sulfo-glycolipids, SQMG, GMG, and MG, prevented the growth of NUGC-3 human gastric cancer cells and induced apoptotic cell death, but the two-fatty-acid-sulfo-glycolipids, SQDG, GDG, and DG, did not. SQMG and GMG could halt the cell cycle at the G1 phase, but the cell cycle was not changed by MG. The relationship between the DNA polymerase inhibition and the cell growth effect by these compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Murakami
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Science, Kobe-Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, 651-2180, Hyogo, Japan
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46
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Mizushina Y, Kamisuki S, Kasai N, Shimazaki N, Takemura M, Asahara H, Linn S, Yoshida S, Matsukage A, Koiwai O, Sugawara F, Yoshida H, Sakaguchi K. A plant phytotoxin, solanapyrone A, is an inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta and lambda. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:630-8. [PMID: 11677229 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m105144200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Solanapyrone A, a phytotoxin and enzyme inhibitor isolated from a fungus (SUT 01B1-2) selectively inhibits the activities of mammalian DNA polymerase beta and lambda (pol beta and lambda) in vitro. The IC50 values of the compound were 30 microm for pol beta and 37 microm for pol lambda. Because pol beta and lambda are in a family and their three-dimensional structures are thought to be highly similar to each other, we used pol beta to analyze the biochemical relationship with solanapyrone A. On pol beta, solanapyrone A antagonistically competed with both the DNA template and the nucleotide substrate. BIAcore analysis demonstrated that solanapyrone A bound selectively to the N-terminal 8-kDa domain of pol beta. This domain is known to bind single-stranded DNA, provide 5'-phosphate recognition of gapped DNA, and cleave the sugar-phosphate bond 3' to an intact apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site (i.e. AP lyase activity) including 5'-deoxyribose phosphate lyase activity. Solanapyrone A inhibited the single-stranded DNA-binding activity but did not influence the activities of the 5'-phosphate recognition in gapped DNA structures and the AP lyase. Based on these results, the inhibitory mechanism of solanapyrone A is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Mizushina
- Laboratory of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Science, Kobe-Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan.
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47
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Baker DL, Desiderio DM, Miller DD, Tolley B, Tigyi GJ. Direct Quantitative Analysis of Lysophosphatidic Acid Molecular Species by Stable Isotope Dilution Electrospray Ionization Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2001; 292:287-95. [PMID: 11355863 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2001.5063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to better understand the role of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in physiology and pathophysiology, it is necessary to accurately determine the molecular species and amounts of LPA in biological samples. We have developed a stable-isotope dilution, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for the direct quantitative analysis of 1-acyl-LPA. This method utilizes a deuterium-labeled internal standard, LPA (18:0-d(35)), and a single liquid-liquid extraction with acidic butanol that allows >95% recovery of LPA, followed by online normal-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. This protocol allows for the accurate, sensitive, and reproducible analysis of the individual 1-acyl-LPA species present in biological samples. The utility of the assay is demonstrated through the analysis of LPA species in plasma and serum from human volunteers. Total LPA in EDTA plasma was 0.61 +/- 0.14 microM in males and 0.74 +/- 0.17 microM in females, which increased to 0.91 +/- 0.23 and 0.99 +/- 0.38 microM after incubation for 24 h at 25 degrees C. Total LPA in serum was 0.85 +/- 0.22 microM in males and 1.57 +/- 0.56 microM in females, which increased to 4.78 +/- 0.89 and 5.57 +/- 0.73 microM after incubation for 24 h at 25 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Baker
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
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48
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Hong J, Cho K, Kim YH, Cheong C, Lee KS, Jung JH. Structural determination of lysophosphatidylcholines extracted from marine sponges by fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2001; 15:1120-1126. [PMID: 11404849 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of lysophosphatidylcholines were isolated from the marine sponge Spirastrella abata by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and analyzed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS). Their structural elucidation was carried out with fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry (FAB-MS/MS). The collision-induced dissociation (CID) of protonated and sodiated molecular ions produced diverse product ions via a series of dissociative processes. Because of the positive charge of the amine group at the end of the molecules, charge-remote fragmentation patterns of specific ions, [M + H](+) or [M + Na](+), were very helpful for the identification of product ions which are characteristic for choline and long hydrocarbon chains substituted at the glycerol back bone. Moreover, the CID-MS/MS spectra of sodium adducted molecular ions for lysophosphatidylcholines yielded common characteristic fragment ions for the choline moiety and characteristic ions [M + Na-103](+), [M + Na-85](+) and [M + Na-59](+) in the higher mass region.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hong
- Hazardous Substance Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Anam 5-Ga, Sungbuk-Ku, Seoul 136-701, Korea.
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49
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Mizushina Y, Sugawara F, Iida A, Sakaguchi K. Structural homology between DNA binding sites of DNA polymerase beta and DNA topoisomerase II. J Mol Biol 2000; 304:385-95. [PMID: 11090281 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2000.4223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Unsaturated long-chain fatty acids selectively bind to the DNA binding sites of DNA polymerase beta and DNA topoisomerase II, and inhibit their activities, although the amino acid sequences of these enzymes are markedly different from each other. Computer modeling analysis revealed that the fatty acid interaction interface in both enzymes has a group of four amino acid residues in common, forming a pocket which binds to the fatty acid molecule. The four amino acid residues were Thr596, His735, Leu741 and Lys983 for yeast DNA topoisomerase II, corresponding to Thr79, His51, Leu11 and Lys35 for rat DNA polymerase beta. Using three-dimensional structure model analysis, we determined the spatial positioning of specific amino acid residues binding to the fatty acids in DNA topoisomerase II, and subsequently obtained supplementary information to build the structural model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mizushina
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Science University of Tokyo, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
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Mukai M, Nakamura H, Tatsuta M, Iwasaki T, Togawa A, Imamura F, Akedo H. Hepatoma cell migration through a mesothelial cell monolayer is inhibited by cyclic AMP-elevating agents via a Rho-dependent pathway. FEBS Lett 2000; 484:69-73. [PMID: 11068034 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)02129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
1-Oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) induces transmonolayer migration (in vitro invasion) of rat ascites hepatoma MM1 cells and their morphological changes leading to the migration. We have previously shown that an LPA analog, palmitoyl cyclic phosphatidic acid (Pal-cPA), suppresses transmonolayer migration of MM1 cells by rapidly increasing the intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) concentration. We report here that various cAMP-elevating agents, including dibutyryl cAMP, forskolin, cholera toxin and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, consistently inhibited LPA-induced transmonolayer migration of MM1 cells. Moreover, pull-down assays for GTP-bound, active RhoA demonstrated that the blockage by cAMP-elevating agents of morphological changes leading to the migration was probably mediated through inhibiting RhoA activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mukai
- Department of Tumor Biochemistry, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan.
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