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KIMURA M, SHODA A, MURATA M, HARA Y, YONOICHI S, ISHIDA Y, MANTANI Y, YOKOYAMA T, HIRANO T, IKENAKA Y, HOSHI N. Neurotoxicity and behavioral disorders induced in mice by acute exposure to the diamide insecticide chlorantraniliprole. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:497-506. [PMID: 36858584 PMCID: PMC10139785 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diamide insecticides activate ryanodine receptors expressed in lepidopteran skeletal muscle and promote Ca2+ release in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, causing abnormal contractions and paralysis, leading to death of the pest. Although they had been thought not to act on nontarget organisms, including mammals, adverse effects on vertebrates were recently reported, raising concerns about their safety in humans. We investigated the neurotoxicity of the acute no-observed-adverse-effect level of chlorantraniliprole (CAP), a diamide insecticide, in mice using clothianidin (CLO), a neonicotinoid insecticide, as a positive control. The CLO-administered group showed decreased locomotor activities, increased anxiety-like behaviors, and abnormal human-audible vocalizations, while the CAP-administered group showed anxiety-like behaviors but no change in locomotor activities. The CAP-administered group had greater numbers of c-fos-immunoreactive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, and similar to the results in a CLO-administered group in our previous study. Blood corticosterone levels increased in the CLO-administered group but did not change in the CAP-administered group. Additionally, CAP was found to decreased 3-Methoxytyramine and histamine in mice at the time to maximum concentration. These results suggest that CAP-administered mice are less vulnerable to stress than CLO-administered mice, and the first evidence that CAP exposure increases neuronal activity and induces anxiety-like behavior as well as neurotransmitter disturbances in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mako KIMURA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of
Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo,
Japan
| | - Asuka SHODA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of
Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo,
Japan
| | - Midori MURATA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of
Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo,
Japan
| | - Yukako HARA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of
Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo,
Japan
| | - Sakura YONOICHI
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of
Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo,
Japan
| | - Yuya ISHIDA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of
Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo,
Japan
| | - Youhei MANTANI
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Animal Science,
Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi YOKOYAMA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of
Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo,
Japan
| | - Tetsushi HIRANO
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama,
Japan
| | - Yoshinori IKENAKA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido,
Japan
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and
Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Nobuhiko HOSHI
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of
Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo,
Japan
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Abstract
This Review provides an update on ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and their role in human diseases of heart, muscle, and brain. Calcium (Ca2+) is a requisite second messenger in all living organisms. From C. elegans to mammals, Ca2+ is necessary for locomotion, bodily functions, and neural activity. However, too much of a good thing can be bad. Intracellular Ca2+ overload can result in loss of function and death. Intracellular Ca2+ release channels evolved to safely provide large, rapid Ca2+ signals without exposure to toxic extracellular Ca2+. RyRs are intracellular Ca2+ release channels present throughout the zoosphere. Over the past 35 years, our knowledge of RyRs has advanced to the level of atomic-resolution structures revealing their role in the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of human disorders of heart, muscle, and brain. Stress-induced RyR-mediated intracellular Ca2+ leak in the heart can promote heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias. In skeletal muscle, RyR1 leak contributes to muscle weakness in inherited myopathies, to age-related loss of muscle function and cancer-associated muscle weakness, and to impaired muscle function in muscular dystrophies, including Duchenne. In the brain, leaky RyR channels contribute to cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease, posttraumatic stress disorder, and Huntington's disease. Novel therapeutics targeting dysfunctional RyRs are showing promise.
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Loss-of-rescue of Ryr1 I4895T-related pathology by the genetic inhibition of the ER stress response mediator CHOP. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20632. [PMID: 36450915 PMCID: PMC9712496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
RYR1 is the gene encoding the ryanodine receptor 1, a calcium release channel of the endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum. I4898T in RYR1 is one of the most common mutations that give rise to central core disease (CCD), with a variable phenotype ranging from mild to severe myopathy to lethal early-onset core-rod myopathy. Mice with the corresponding I4895T mutation in Ryr1 present mild myopathy when the mutation is heterozygous while I4895T homozygous is perinatal-lethal. Here we show that skeletal muscles of I4895T homozygous mice at birth present signs of stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER stress) and of the related unfolded protein response (UPR) with increased levels of the maladaptive mediators CHOP and ERO1. To gain information on the role of CHOP in the pathogenesis of RYR1I4895T-related myopathy, we generated compound Ryr1I4895T, Chop knock-out (-/-) mice. However, the genetic deletion of Chop, although it attenuates ER stress in the skeletal muscle of the newborns, does not rescue any phenotypic or functional features of Ryr1I4895T in mice: neither the perinatal-lethal phenotype nor the inability of Ryr1I4895T to respond to its agonist caffeine, but protects from ER stress-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that genetic deletion of the ER stress response mediator CHOP is not sufficient to counteract the pathological Ryr1I4895T phenotype.
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Paschou M, Papazafiri P, Charalampous C, Zachariadis M, Dedos SG, Doxakis E. Neuronal microRNAs safeguard ER Ca 2+ homeostasis and attenuate the unfolded protein response upon stress. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:373. [PMID: 35727337 PMCID: PMC11073139 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ is a critical mediator of neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, and gene expression, but also excitotoxicity. Ca2+ signaling and homeostasis are coordinated by an intricate network of channels, pumps, and calcium-binding proteins, which must be rapidly regulated at all expression levels. Τhe role of neuronal miRNAs in regulating ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) was investigated to understand the underlying mechanisms that modulate ER Ca2+ release. RyRs and IP3Rs are critical in mounting and propagating cytosolic Ca2+ signals by functionally linking the ER Ca2+ content, while excessive ER Ca2+ release via these receptors is central to the pathophysiology of a wide range of neurological diseases. Herein, two brain-restricted microRNAs, miR-124-3p and miR-153-3p, were found to bind to RyR1-3 and IP3R3 3'UTRs, and suppress their expression at both the mRNA and protein level. Ca2+ imaging studies revealed that overexpression of these miRNAs reduced ER Ca2+ release upon RyR/IP3R activation, but had no effect on [Ca2+]i under resting conditions. Interestingly, treatments that cause excessive ER Ca2+ release decreased expression of these miRNAs and increased expression of their target ER Ca2+ channels, indicating interdependence of miRNAs, RyRs, and IP3Rs in Ca2+ homeostasis. Furthermore, by maintaining the ER Ca2+ content, miR-124 and miR-153 reduced cytosolic Ca2+ overload and preserved protein-folding capacity by attenuating PERK signaling. Overall, this study shows that miR-124-3p and miR-153-3p fine-tune ER Ca2+ homeostasis and alleviate ER stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paschou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Soranou Efesiou 4, 11527, Athens, Greece
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Panepistimiopolis, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Papazafiri
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Panepistimiopolis, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Charalampous
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Soranou Efesiou 4, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Zachariadis
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Panepistimiopolis, 15784, Athens, Greece
- Material and Chemical Characterization Facility (MC2), Faculty of Science, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Skarlatos G Dedos
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Panepistimiopolis, 15784, Athens, Greece.
| | - Epaminondas Doxakis
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Soranou Efesiou 4, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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Gong L, Zhang X, Qiu K, He L, Wang Y, Yin J. Arginine promotes myogenic differentiation and myotube formation through the elevation of cytoplasmic calcium concentration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:1115-1123. [PMID: 34738042 PMCID: PMC8543491 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the mechanism underlying arginine-promoted myogenesis of myoblasts. C2C12 cells were cultured with a medium containing 0.1, 0.4, 0.8, or 1.2 mmol/L arginine, respectively. Cell proliferation, viability, differentiation indexes, cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, and relative mRNA expression levels of myogenic regulatory factors (MRF) and key Ca2+ channels were measured in the absence or presence of 2 chemical inhibitors, dantrolene (DAN, 10 μmol/L) and nisoldipine (NIS, 10 μmol/L), respectively. Results demonstrated that arginine promoted myogenic differentiation and myotube formation. Compared with the control (0.4 mmol/L arginine), 1.2 mmol/L arginine upregulated the relative mRNA expression levels of myogenin (MyoG) and Myomaker at d 2 during myogenic induction (P < 0.05). Cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations were significantly elevated by arginine supplementation at d 2 and 4 (P < 0.05). Relative mRNA expression levels of Ca2+ channels including the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1) and voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (Cav1.1) were upregulated by 1.2 mmol/L arginine during 2-d myogenic induction (P < 0.01). However, arginine-promoted myogenic potential of myoblasts was remarkably compromised by DAN and NIS, respectively (P < 0.05). These findings evidenced that the supplementation of arginine promoted myogenic differentiation and myotube formation through increasing cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration from both extracellular and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Linjuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Molecular and cellular basis of genetically inherited skeletal muscle disorders. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:713-732. [PMID: 34257452 PMCID: PMC9686310 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders comprise a diverse group of human inborn diseases that arise from defects in the structure and/or function of the muscle tissue - encompassing the muscle cells (myofibres) themselves and their extracellular matrix - or muscle fibre innervation. Since the identification in 1987 of the first genetic lesion associated with a neuromuscular disorder - mutations in dystrophin as an underlying cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy - the field has made tremendous progress in understanding the genetic basis of these diseases, with pathogenic variants in more than 500 genes now identified as underlying causes of neuromuscular disorders. The subset of neuromuscular disorders that affect skeletal muscle are referred to as myopathies or muscular dystrophies, and are due to variants in genes encoding muscle proteins. Many of these proteins provide structural stability to the myofibres or function in regulating sarcolemmal integrity, whereas others are involved in protein turnover, intracellular trafficking, calcium handling and electrical excitability - processes that ensure myofibre resistance to stress and their primary activity in muscle contraction. In this Review, we discuss how defects in muscle proteins give rise to muscle dysfunction, and ultimately to disease, with a focus on pathologies that are most common, best understood and that provide the most insight into muscle biology.
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Su IM, Wang PK, Chen CY, Huang HT, Day YJ. Rapid screening for mutations associated with malignant hyperthermia using high-resolution melting curve analysis. Tzu Chi Med J 2021; 33:399-405. [PMID: 34760638 PMCID: PMC8532588 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_271_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia (MH) is based on clinical signs or laboratory testing. The gold standard laboratory test is the in vitro contracture test, although it is invasive, expensive, and only performed at specialized centers. Genetic diagnosis is another option, although direct mutation screening is a laborious task. Therefore, we evaluated whether high-resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis could be used as a rapid screening tool to target MH-associated mutations. MATERIALS AND METHODS The feasibility of HRM analysis was evaluated using plasmids that were constructed by cloning wild-type or mutated versions of the ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1) gene into the pCR2.1 plasmid. We obtained engineered plasmids and patient DNA extracted from blood samples with known wild-type or mutated sequences that are associated with MH. Amplicon lengths were kept relatively short (<250 bp) to improve discrimination between the engineered and patient plasmids. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cycling and HRM analysis of the engineered plasmids and patient DNA were performed using the LightCycler 480 System (Roche). RESULTS The HRM results were clearly different from those obtained using real-time PCR. Furthermore, the HRM analysis provided sufficient resolution to identify two single-nucleotide variants in the tested RYR1 exons. CONCLUSION We conclude that HRM analysis can provide high resolution for identifying single-nucleotide variants in RYR1, which might be useful for predicting the risk of MH in the preanesthesia setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Min Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Po-Kai Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Tse Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ji Day
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tung's Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Woll KA, Van Petegem F. Calcium Release Channels: Structure and Function of IP3 Receptors and Ryanodine Receptors. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:209-268. [PMID: 34280054 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00033.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-release channels are giant membrane proteins that control the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum. The two members, ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate Receptors (IP3Rs), are evolutionarily related and are both activated by cytosolic Ca2+. They share a common architecture, but RyRs have evolved additional modules in the cytosolic region. Their massive size allows for the regulation by tens of proteins and small molecules, which can affect the opening and closing of the channels. In addition to Ca2+, other major triggers include IP3 for the IP3Rs, and depolarization of the plasma membrane for a particular RyR subtype. Their size has made them popular targets for study via electron microscopic methods, with current structures culminating near 3Å. The available structures have provided many new mechanistic insights int the binding of auxiliary proteins and small molecules, how these can regulate channel opening, and the mechanisms of disease-associated mutations. They also help scrutinize previously proposed binding sites, as some of these are now incompatible with the structures. Many questions remain around the structural effects of post-translational modifications, additional binding partners, and the higher-order complexes these channels can make in situ. This review summarizes our current knowledge about the structures of Ca2+-release channels and how this informs on their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie A Woll
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Filip Van Petegem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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A Comparative Perspective on Functionally-Related, Intracellular Calcium Channels: The Insect Ryanodine and Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071031. [PMID: 34356655 PMCID: PMC8301844 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is vital for insect development and metabolism, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major intracellular reservoir for Ca2+. The inositol 1,4,5- triphosphate receptor (IP3R) and ryanodine receptor (RyR) are large homotetrameric channels associated with the ER and serve as two major actors in ER-derived Ca2+ supply. Most of the knowledge on these receptors derives from mammalian systems that possess three genes for each receptor. These studies have inspired work on synonymous receptors in insects, which encode a single IP3R and RyR. In the current review, we focus on a fundamental, common question: “why do insect cells possess two Ca2+ channel receptors in the ER?”. Through a comparative approach, this review covers the discovery of RyRs and IP3Rs, examines their structures/functions, the pathways that they interact with, and their potential as target sites in pest control. Although insects RyRs and IP3Rs share structural similarities, they are phylogenetically distinct, have their own structural organization, regulatory mechanisms, and expression patterns, which explains their functional distinction. Nevertheless, both have great potential as target sites in pest control, with RyRs currently being targeted by commercial insecticide, the diamides.
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Protasi F, Pietrangelo L, Boncompagni S. Improper Remodeling of Organelles Deputed to Ca 2+ Handling and Aerobic ATP Production Underlies Muscle Dysfunction in Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6195. [PMID: 34201319 PMCID: PMC8228829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper skeletal muscle function is controlled by intracellular Ca2+ concentration and by efficient production of energy (ATP), which, in turn, depend on: (a) the release and re-uptake of Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic-reticulum (SR) during excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, which controls the contraction and relaxation of sarcomeres; (b) the uptake of Ca2+ into the mitochondrial matrix, which stimulates aerobic ATP production; and finally (c) the entry of Ca2+ from the extracellular space via store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), a mechanism that is important to limit/delay muscle fatigue. Abnormalities in Ca2+ handling underlie many physio-pathological conditions, including dysfunction in ageing. The specific focus of this review is to discuss the importance of the proper architecture of organelles and membrane systems involved in the mechanisms introduced above for the correct skeletal muscle function. We reviewed the existing literature about EC coupling, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, SOCE and about the structural membranes and organelles deputed to those functions and finally, we summarized the data collected in different, but complementary, projects studying changes caused by denervation and ageing to the structure and positioning of those organelles: a. denervation of muscle fibers-an event that contributes, to some degree, to muscle loss in ageing (known as sarcopenia)-causes misplacement and damage: (i) of membrane structures involved in EC coupling (calcium release units, CRUs) and (ii) of the mitochondrial network; b. sedentary ageing causes partial disarray/damage of CRUs and of calcium entry units (CEUs, structures involved in SOCE) and loss/misplacement of mitochondria; c. functional electrical stimulation (FES) and regular exercise promote the rescue/maintenance of the proper architecture of CRUs, CEUs, and of mitochondria in both denervation and ageing. All these structural changes were accompanied by related functional changes, i.e., loss/decay in function caused by denervation and ageing, and improved function following FES or exercise. These data suggest that the integrity and proper disposition of intracellular organelles deputed to Ca2+ handling and aerobic generation of ATP is challenged by inactivity (or reduced activity); modifications in the architecture of these intracellular membrane systems may contribute to muscle dysfunction in ageing and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feliciano Protasi
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.P.); (S.B.)
- DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.P.); (S.B.)
- DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Simona Boncompagni
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.P.); (S.B.)
- DNICS, Department of Neuroscience and Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
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Ottolini M, Sonkusare SK. The Calcium Signaling Mechanisms in Arterial Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1831-1869. [PMID: 33792900 PMCID: PMC10388069 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The contractile state of resistance arteries and arterioles is a crucial determinant of blood pressure and blood flow. Physiological regulation of arterial contractility requires constant communication between endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Various Ca2+ signals and Ca2+ -sensitive targets ensure dynamic control of intercellular communications in the vascular wall. The functional effect of a Ca2+ signal on arterial contractility depends on the type of Ca2+ -sensitive target engaged by that signal. Recent studies using advanced imaging methods have identified the spatiotemporal signatures of individual Ca2+ signals that control arterial and arteriolar contractility. Broadly speaking, intracellular Ca2+ is increased by ion channels and transporters on the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticular membrane. Physiological roles for many vascular Ca2+ signals have already been confirmed, while further investigation is needed for other Ca2+ signals. This article focuses on endothelial and smooth muscle Ca2+ signaling mechanisms in resistance arteries and arterioles. We discuss the Ca2+ entry pathways at the plasma membrane, Ca2+ release signals from the intracellular stores, the functional and physiological relevance of Ca2+ signals, and their regulatory mechanisms. Finally, we describe the contribution of abnormal endothelial and smooth muscle Ca2+ signals to the pathogenesis of vascular disorders. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1831-1869, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ottolini
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Swapnil K Sonkusare
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology & Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Lawal TA, Todd JJ, Witherspoon JW, Bönnemann CG, Dowling JJ, Hamilton SL, Meilleur KG, Dirksen RT. Ryanodine receptor 1-related disorders: an historical perspective and proposal for a unified nomenclature. Skelet Muscle 2020; 10:32. [PMID: 33190635 PMCID: PMC7667763 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-00243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The RYR1 gene, which encodes the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release channel or type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1) of skeletal muscle, was sequenced in 1988 and RYR1 variations that impair calcium homeostasis and increase susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia were first identified in 1991. Since then, RYR1-related myopathies (RYR1-RM) have been described as rare, histopathologically and clinically heterogeneous, and slowly progressive neuromuscular disorders. RYR1 variants can lead to dysfunctional RyR1-mediated calcium release, malignant hyperthermia susceptibility, elevated oxidative stress, deleterious post-translational modifications, and decreased RyR1 expression. RYR1-RM-affected individuals can present with delayed motor milestones, contractures, scoliosis, ophthalmoplegia, and respiratory insufficiency. Historically, RYR1-RM-affected individuals were diagnosed based on morphologic features observed in muscle biopsies including central cores, cores and rods, central nuclei, fiber type disproportion, and multi-minicores. However, these histopathologic features are not always specific to RYR1-RM and often change over time. As additional phenotypes were associated with RYR1 variations (including King-Denborough syndrome, exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis, lethal multiple pterygium syndrome, adult-onset distal myopathy, atypical periodic paralysis with or without myalgia, mild calf-predominant myopathy, and dusty core disease) the overlap among diagnostic categories is ever increasing. With the continuing emergence of new clinical subtypes along the RYR1 disease spectrum and reports of adult-onset phenotypes, nuanced nomenclatures have been reported (RYR1- [related, related congenital, congenital] myopathies). In this narrative review, we provide historical highlights of RYR1 research, accounts of the main diagnostic disease subtypes and propose RYR1-related disorders (RYR1-RD) as a unified nomenclature to describe this complex and evolving disease spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokunbor A Lawal
- Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Joshua J Todd
- Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica W Witherspoon
- Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James J Dowling
- Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Susan L Hamilton
- Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katherine G Meilleur
- Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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14
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Bauerová-Hlinková V, Hajdúchová D, Bauer JA. Structure and Function of the Human Ryanodine Receptors and Their Association with Myopathies-Present State, Challenges, and Perspectives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184040. [PMID: 32899693 PMCID: PMC7570887 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are serious, life-threatening diseases associated with the dysregulation of Ca2+ influx into the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes. This dysregulation often arises from dysfunction of ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), the principal Ca2+ release channel. Dysfunction of RyR1, the skeletal muscle isoform, also results in less severe, but also potentially life-threatening syndromes. The RYR2 and RYR1 genes have been found to harbor three main mutation “hot spots”, where mutations change the channel structure, its interdomain interface properties, its interactions with its binding partners, or its dynamics. In all cases, the result is a defective release of Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the myocyte cytoplasm. Here, we provide an overview of the most frequent diseases resulting from mutations to RyR1 and RyR2, briefly review some of the recent experimental structural work on these two molecules, detail some of the computational work describing their dynamics, and summarize the known changes to the structure and function of these receptors with particular emphasis on their N-terminal, central, and channel domains.
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15
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Yamaguchi N. Molecular Insights into Calcium Dependent Regulation of Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channels. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1131:321-336. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Eckhardt J, Bachmann C, Sekulic-Jablanovic M, Enzmann V, Park KH, Ma J, Takeshima H, Zorzato F, Treves S. Extraocular muscle function is impaired in ryr3 -/- mice. J Gen Physiol 2019; 151:929-943. [PMID: 31085573 PMCID: PMC6605690 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201912333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraocular muscles are specialized skeletal muscles expressing a particular set
of proteins involved in calcium homeostasis, including RYR3. Eckhardt et al.
investigate extraocular muscle function in
ryr3−/− mice and show that
ablation of RYR3 significantly impacts vision. Calcium is an ubiquitous second messenger mediating numerous physiological
processes, including muscle contraction and neuronal excitability.
Ca2+ is stored in the ER/SR and is released into the cytoplasm
via the opening of intracellular inositol trisphosphate receptor and ryanodine
receptor calcium channels. Whereas in skeletal muscle, isoform 1 of the RYR is
the main channel mediating calcium release from the SR leading to muscle
contraction, the function of ubiquitously expressed ryanodine receptor 3 (RYR3)
is far from clear; it is not known whether RYR3 plays a role in
excitation–contraction coupling. We recently reported that human
extraocular muscles express high levels of RYR3, suggesting that such muscles
may be useful to study the function of this isoform of the Ca2+
channel. In the present investigation, we characterize the visual function of
ryr3−/− mice. We observe that
ablation of RYR3 affects both mechanical properties and calcium homeostasis in
extraocular muscles. These changes significantly impact vision. Our results
reveal for the first time an important role for RYR3 in extraocular muscle
function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Eckhardt
- Department of Anesthesia, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Bachmann
- Department of Anesthesia, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Volker Enzmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ki Ho Park
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Hiroshi Takeshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Francesco Zorzato
- Department of Anesthesia, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Life Sciences, Microbiology and Applied Pathology section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Susan Treves
- Department of Anesthesia, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland .,Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Life Sciences, Microbiology and Applied Pathology section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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17
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Liu Y, Sugiura Y, Chen F, Lee KF, Ye Q, Lin W. Blocking skeletal muscle DHPRs/Ryr1 prevents neuromuscular synapse loss in mutant mice deficient in type III Neuregulin 1 (CRD-Nrg1). PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007857. [PMID: 30870432 PMCID: PMC6417856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells are integral components of vertebrate neuromuscular synapses; in their absence, pre-synaptic nerve terminals withdraw from post-synaptic muscles, leading to muscle denervation and synapse loss at the developing neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Here, we report a rescue of muscle denervation and neuromuscular synapses loss in type III Neuregulin 1 mutant mice (CRD-Nrg1-/-), which lack Schwann cells. We found that muscle denervation and neuromuscular synapse loss were prevented in CRD-Nrg1-/-mice when presynaptic activity was blocked by ablating a specific gene, such as Snap25 (synaptosomal-associated 25 kDa protein) or Chat (choline acetyltransferase). Further, these effects were mediated by a pathway that requires postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), because ablating Chrna1 (acetylcholine receptor α1 subunit), which encodes muscle-specific AChRs in CRD-Nrg1-/-mice also rescued muscle denervation. Moreover, genetically ablating muscle dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) β1 subunit (Cacnb1) or ryanodine receptor 1 (Ryr1) also rescued muscle denervation and neuromuscular synapse loss in CRD-Nrg1-/-mice. Thus, these genetic manipulations follow a pathway-from presynaptic to postsynaptic, and, ultimately to muscle activity mediated by DHPRs and Ryr1. Importantly, electrophysiological analyses reveal robust synaptic activity in the rescued, Schwann-cell deficient NMJs in CRD-Nrg1-/-Cacnb1-/-or CRD-Nrg1-/-Ryr1-/-mutant mice. Thus, a blockade of synaptic activity, although sufficient, is not necessary to preserve NMJs that lack Schwann cells. Instead, a blockade of muscle activity mediated by DHRPs and Ryr1 is both necessary and sufficient for preserving NMJs that lack Schwann cells. These findings suggest that muscle activity mediated by DHPRs/Ryr1 may destabilize developing NMJs and that Schwann cells play crucial roles in counteracting such a destabilizing activity to preserve neuromuscular synapses during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Yoshie Sugiura
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Fujun Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Kuo-Fen Lee
- The Salk Institute, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Qiaohong Ye
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Weichun Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
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18
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Reyes-Corral M, Sørensen NM, Thrasivoulou C, Dasgupta P, Ashmore JF, Ahmed A. Differential Free Intracellular Calcium Release by Class II Antiarrhythmics in Cancer Cell Lines. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 369:152-162. [PMID: 30655298 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.254375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Class II antiarrhythmics or β-blockers are antisympathetic nervous system agents that act by blocking β-adrenoceptors. Despite their common clinical use, little is known about the effects of β-blockers on free intracellular calcium (Ca2+ i), an important cytosolic second messenger and a key regulator of cell function. We investigated the role of four chemical analogs, commonly prescribed β-blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, and sotalol), on Ca2+ i release and whole-cell currents in mammalian cancer cells (PC3 prostate cancer and MCF7 breast cancer cell lines). We discovered that only propranolol activated free Ca2+ i release with distinct kinetics, whereas atenolol, metoprolol, and sotalol did not. The propranolol-induced Ca2+ i release was significantly inhibited by the chelation of extracellular calcium with ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and by dantrolene, an inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ryanodine receptor channels, and it was completely abolished by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, an inhibitor of the ER inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor channels. Exhaustion of ER stores with 4-chloro-m-cresol, a ryanodine receptor activator, or thapsigargin, a sarco/ER Ca2+ ATPase inhibitor, precluded the propranolol-induced Ca2+ i release. Finally, preincubation of cells with sotalol or timolol, nonselective blockers of β-adrenoceptors, also reduced the Ca2+ i release activated by propranolol. Our results show that different β-blockers have differential effects on whole-cell currents and free Ca2+ i release and that propranolol activates store-operated Ca2+ i release via a mechanism that involves calcium-induced calcium release and putative downstream transducers such as IP3 The differential action of class II antiarrhythmics on Ca2+ i release may have implications on the pharmacology of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Reyes-Corral
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (M.R.-C., A.A.) and MRC Centre for Transplantation (P.D.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Sophion Bioscience A/S, Ballerup, Denmark (N.M.S.); and Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology (C.T.) and Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, and The Ear Institute (J.F.A.), University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Naja M Sørensen
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (M.R.-C., A.A.) and MRC Centre for Transplantation (P.D.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Sophion Bioscience A/S, Ballerup, Denmark (N.M.S.); and Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology (C.T.) and Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, and The Ear Institute (J.F.A.), University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Thrasivoulou
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (M.R.-C., A.A.) and MRC Centre for Transplantation (P.D.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Sophion Bioscience A/S, Ballerup, Denmark (N.M.S.); and Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology (C.T.) and Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, and The Ear Institute (J.F.A.), University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Prokar Dasgupta
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (M.R.-C., A.A.) and MRC Centre for Transplantation (P.D.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Sophion Bioscience A/S, Ballerup, Denmark (N.M.S.); and Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology (C.T.) and Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, and The Ear Institute (J.F.A.), University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan F Ashmore
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (M.R.-C., A.A.) and MRC Centre for Transplantation (P.D.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Sophion Bioscience A/S, Ballerup, Denmark (N.M.S.); and Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology (C.T.) and Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, and The Ear Institute (J.F.A.), University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aamir Ahmed
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (M.R.-C., A.A.) and MRC Centre for Transplantation (P.D.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Sophion Bioscience A/S, Ballerup, Denmark (N.M.S.); and Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology (C.T.) and Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, and The Ear Institute (J.F.A.), University College London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Pancaroglu R, Van Petegem F. Calcium Channelopathies: Structural Insights into Disorders of the Muscle Excitation–Contraction Complex. Annu Rev Genet 2018; 52:373-396. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-120417-031311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are membrane proteins responsible for the passage of ions down their electrochemical gradients and across biological membranes. In this, they generate and shape action potentials and provide secondary messengers for various signaling pathways. They are often part of larger complexes containing auxiliary subunits and regulatory proteins. Channelopathies arise from mutations in the genes encoding ion channels or their associated proteins. Recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy have resulted in an explosion of ion channel structures in multiple states, generating a wealth of new information on channelopathies. Disease-associated mutations fall into different categories, interfering with ion permeation, protein folding, voltage sensing, ligand and protein binding, and allosteric modulation of channel gating. Prime examples of these are Ca2+-selective channels expressed in myocytes, for which multiple structures in distinct conformational states have recently been uncovered. We discuss the latest insights into these calcium channelopathies from a structural viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raika Pancaroglu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Filip Van Petegem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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20
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Wang JD, Chen LF, Wang YR, Fu HY, Ali A, Xiao D, Wang R, Gao SJ. Silence of ryanodine receptor gene decreases susceptibility to chlorantraniliprole in the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata Walker. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 148:34-41. [PMID: 29891375 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The ryanodine receptors of insects are the main target sites of diamide insecticides, which show highly selective insecticidal activity relative to toxicity in mammals and provide a novel option for managing lepidopteran pests. The oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker), is a destructive pest of agricultural crops, and great efforts have been undertaken to control this pest including repeated insecticide applications. In this study, full-length cDNA of a ryanodine receptor gene from M. separata (MsRyR) was cloned and characterized. The cDNA of MsRyR had a 15,372 bp open reading frame and encoded 5124 amino acids (GenBank ID: MG712298). MsRyR shares 78-97% identity with RyR isoforms of other insects, and <50% identities with Homo sapiens RyRs 1-3. Temporal and spatial expression analysis detected MsRyR at all developmental stages and in all tissues. The highest relative levels of MsRyR were detected in the second instar and head. Exposure to chlorantraniliprole after 24 h significantly increased the expression levels of whole body MsRyR mRNA. In addition, dietary ingestion of dsMsRyR significantly reduced the mRNA level of MsRyR and greatly decreased chlorantraniliprole-induced mortality. Our results revealed that the MsRyR could be the molecular target of chlorantraniliprole, and provided the basis for further understanding the resistance mechanism of chlorantraniliprole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Da Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Li-Fei Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ya-Ru Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hua-Ying Fu
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ahmad Ali
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Da Xiao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - San-Ji Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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21
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Singh RM, Waqar T, Howarth FC, Adeghate E, Bidasee K, Singh J. Hyperglycemia-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction in the diabetic heart. Heart Fail Rev 2017; 23:37-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10741-017-9663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Meissner G. The structural basis of ryanodine receptor ion channel function. J Gen Physiol 2017; 149:1065-1089. [PMID: 29122978 PMCID: PMC5715910 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201711878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-conductance Ca2+ release channels known as ryanodine receptors (RyRs) mediate the release of Ca2+ from an intracellular membrane compartment, the endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum. There are three mammalian RyR isoforms: RyR1 is present in skeletal muscle; RyR2 is in heart muscle; and RyR3 is expressed at low levels in many tissues including brain, smooth muscle, and slow-twitch skeletal muscle. RyRs form large protein complexes comprising four 560-kD RyR subunits, four ∼12-kD FK506-binding proteins, and various accessory proteins including calmodulin, protein kinases, and protein phosphatases. RyRs share ∼70% sequence identity, with the greatest sequence similarity in the C-terminal region that forms the transmembrane, ion-conducting domain comprising ∼500 amino acids. The remaining ∼4,500 amino acids form the large regulatory cytoplasmic "foot" structure. Experimental evidence for Ca2+, ATP, phosphorylation, and redox-sensitive sites in the cytoplasmic structure have been described. Exogenous effectors include the two Ca2+ releasing agents caffeine and ryanodine. Recent work describing the near atomic structures of mammalian skeletal and cardiac muscle RyRs provides a structural basis for the regulation of the RyRs by their multiple effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Meissner
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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23
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Yuan GR, Wang KY, Mou X, Luo RY, Dou W, Wang JJ. Molecular cloning, mRNA expression and alternative splicing of a ryanodine receptor gene from the citrus whitefly, Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 142:59-66. [PMID: 29107248 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Insect ryanodine receptors are the main targets of diamide insecticides that have highly selective insecticidal activity but are less toxic to mammals. Therefore, these insecticides are ideal for pest control. Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) play a critical role in Ca2+ signaling in muscle and non-muscle cells. In this study, we cloned the complete cDNA (DcRyR) of the RyR from the citrus whitefly, Dialeurodes citri, a serious pest of citrus orchards in China. The open reading frame of RyR is 15,378bp long and encodes a protein with 5126 amino acids with a computed molecular weight of 579.523kDa. DcRyR shows a high amino acid sequence identity to RyRs from other insects (76%-95%) and low identity to those from nematodes and mammals (44%-52%). DcRyR shares many features of insect and vertebrate RyRs, including a MIR domain, two RIH domains, three SPRY domains, four copies of RyR repeat domain, RIH-associated domain at the N-terminus, two consensus calcium-binding EF-hands and six transmembrane domains at the C-terminus. The expression of DcRyR mRNA was the highest in the nymphs and lowest in eggs; DcRyR mRNA was 1.85-fold higher in the nymphs than in the eggs. Among the tissues, DcRyR mRNA expression was 4.18- and 4.02-fold higher in the adult head and thorax than in the abdomen. DcRyR had three alternative splice sites and the splice variants showed body part-specific expression and were developmentally regulated. These results may help investigate target-based resistance to diamide insecticides in D. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Rui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ke-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xing Mou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ruo-Yu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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24
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Nurbaeva MK, Eckstein M, Feske S, Lacruz RS. Ca 2+ transport and signalling in enamel cells. J Physiol 2017; 595:3015-3039. [PMID: 27510811 PMCID: PMC5430215 DOI: 10.1113/jp272775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental enamel is one of the most remarkable examples of matrix-mediated biomineralization. Enamel crystals form de novo in a rich extracellular environment in a stage-dependent manner producing complex microstructural patterns that are visually stunning. This process is orchestrated by specialized epithelial cells known as ameloblasts which themselves undergo striking morphological changes, switching function from a secretory role to a cell primarily engaged in ionic transport. Ameloblasts are supported by a host of cell types which combined represent the enamel organ. Fully mineralized enamel is the hardest tissue found in vertebrates owing its properties partly to the unique mixture of ionic species represented and their highly organized assembly in the crystal lattice. Among the main elements found in enamel, Ca2+ is the most abundant ion, yet how ameloblasts modulate Ca2+ dynamics remains poorly known. This review describes previously proposed models for passive and active Ca2+ transport, the intracellular Ca2+ buffering systems expressed in ameloblasts and provides an up-dated view of current models concerning Ca2+ influx and extrusion mechanisms, where most of the recent advances have been made. We also advance a new model for Ca2+ transport by the enamel organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meerim K. Nurbaeva
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial BiologyNew York University College of DentistryNew YorkUSA
| | - Miriam Eckstein
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial BiologyNew York University College of DentistryNew YorkUSA
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of PathologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY10016USA
| | - Rodrigo S. Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial BiologyNew York University College of DentistryNew YorkUSA
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25
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Gaburjakova M, Gaburjakova J. Insight towards the identification of cytosolic Ca 2+ -binding sites in ryanodine receptors from skeletal and cardiac muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:757-767. [PMID: 27543850 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ plays a critical role in several processes involved in skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction. One key step in cardiac excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling is the activation of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RYR2) by cytosolic Ca2+ elevations. Although this process is not critical for skeletal E-C coupling, the activation and inhibition of the skeletal ryanodine receptor (RYR1) seem to be important for overall muscle function. The RYR1 and RYR2 channels fall within the large category of Ca2+ -binding proteins that harbour highly selective Ca2+ -binding sites to receive and translate the various Ca2+ signals into specific functional responses. However, little is known about the precise localization of these sites within the cytosolic assembly of both RYR isoforms, although several experimental lines of evidence have highlighted their EF-hand nature. EF-hand proteins share a common helix-loop-helix structural motif with highly conserved residues involved in Ca2+ coordination. The first step in predicting EF-hand positive regions is to compare the primary protein structure with the EF-hand motif by employing available bioinformatics tools. Although this simple method narrows down search regions, it does not provide solid evidence regarding which regions bind Ca2+ in both RYR isoforms. In this review, we seek to highlight the key findings and experimental approaches that should strengthen our future efforts to identify the cytosolic Ca2+ -binding sites responsible for activation and inhibition in the RYR1 channel, as much less work has been conducted on the RYR2 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Gaburjakova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - J. Gaburjakova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovak Republic
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26
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Wakizaka M, Eshima H, Tanaka Y, Shirakawa H, Poole DC, Kano Y. In vivo Ca 2+ dynamics induced by Ca 2+ injection in individual rat skeletal muscle fibers. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/5/e13180. [PMID: 28292875 PMCID: PMC5350183 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to cardiomyocytes, store overload‐induced calcium ion (Ca2+) release (SOICR) is not considered to constitute a primary Ca2+ releasing system from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in skeletal muscle myocytes. In the latter, voltage‐induced Ca2+ release (VICR) is regarded as the dominant mechanism facilitating contractions. Any role of the SOICR in the regulation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and its dynamics in skeletal muscle in vivo remains poorly understood. By means of in vivo single fiber Ca2+ microinjections combined with bioimaging techniques, we tested the hypothesis that the [Ca2+]i dynamics following Ca2+ injection would be amplified and fiber contraction facilitated by SOICR. The circulation‐intact spinotrapezius muscle of adult male Wistar rats (n = 34) was exteriorized and loaded with Fura‐2 AM to monitor [Ca2+]i dynamics. Groups of rats underwent the following treatments: (1) 0.02, 0.2, and 2.0 mmol/L Ca2+ injections, (2) 2.0 mmol/L Ca2+ with inhibition of ryanodine receptors (RyR) by dantrolene sodium (DAN), and (3) 2.0 mmol/L Ca2+ with inhibition of SR Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) by cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). A quantity of 0.02 mmol/L Ca2+ injection yielded no detectable response, whereas peak evoked [Ca2+]i increased 9.9 ± 1.8% above baseline for 0.2 mmol/L and 23.8 ± 4.3% (P < 0.05) for 2.0 mmol/L Ca2+ injections. The peak [Ca2+]i in response to 2.0 mmol/L Ca2+ injection was largely abolished by DAN and CPA (−85.8%, −71.0%, respectively, both P < 0.05 vs. unblocked) supporting dependence of the [Ca2+]i dynamics on Ca2+ released by SOICR rather than injected Ca2+ itself. Thus, this investigation demonstrates the presence of a robust SR‐evoked SOICR operant in skeletal muscle in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Wakizaka
- Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Eshima
- Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tanaka
- Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Shirakawa
- Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David C Poole
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology and Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Yutaka Kano
- Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan
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Tykocki NR, Boerman EM, Jackson WF. Smooth Muscle Ion Channels and Regulation of Vascular Tone in Resistance Arteries and Arterioles. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:485-581. [PMID: 28333380 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vascular tone of resistance arteries and arterioles determines peripheral vascular resistance, contributing to the regulation of blood pressure and blood flow to, and within the body's tissues and organs. Ion channels in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in these blood vessels importantly contribute to the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, the primary determinant of SMC contractile activity and vascular tone. Ion channels provide the main source of activator Ca2+ that determines vascular tone, and strongly contribute to setting and regulating membrane potential, which, in turn, regulates the open-state-probability of voltage gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs), the primary source of Ca2+ in resistance artery and arteriolar SMCs. Ion channel function is also modulated by vasoconstrictors and vasodilators, contributing to all aspects of the regulation of vascular tone. This review will focus on the physiology of VGCCs, voltage-gated K+ (KV) channels, large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels, strong-inward-rectifier K+ (KIR) channels, ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, ryanodine receptors (RyRs), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), and a variety of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that contribute to pressure-induced myogenic tone in resistance arteries and arterioles, the modulation of the function of these ion channels by vasoconstrictors and vasodilators, their role in the functional regulation of tissue blood flow and their dysfunction in diseases such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:485-581, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Tykocki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Erika M Boerman
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - William F Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Peng YC, Sheng CW, Casida JE, Zhao CQ, Han ZJ. Ryanodine receptor genes of the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis: Molecular cloning, alternative splicing and expression profiling. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 135:69-77. [PMID: 28043334 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The ryanodine receptor (RyR) of the calcium release channel is the main target of anthranilic and phthalic diamide insecticides which have high selective insecticidal activity relative to mammalian toxicity. In this study, the full-length cDNA of Chilo suppressalis RyR (CsRyR) was isolated and characterized. The CsRyR mRNA has an open reading frame (ORF) of 15,387bp nucleotides, which encodes 5128 amino acids with GenBank ID: KR088972. Comparison of protein sequences showed that CsRyR shared high identities with other insects of 77-96% and lower identity to mammals and nematodes with only 42-45%. One alternative splicing site (KENLG) unique to Lepidoptera was found and two exclusive exons of CsRyR (I /II) were revealed. Spatial and temporal expression of CsRyR mRNA was at the highest relative level in 3rd instar larvae and head (including brain and muscle), and at the lowest expression level in egg and fat body. The expression levels of whole body CsRyR mRNA were increased remarkably after injection of 4th instar larvae with chlorantraniliprole at 0.004 to 0.4μg/g. This structural and functional information on CsRyR provides the basis for further understanding the selective action of chlorantraniliprole and possibly other diamide insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Peng
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - C W Sheng
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - John E Casida
- Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3112, USA
| | - C Q Zhao
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Z J Han
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Samsó M. A guide to the 3D structure of the ryanodine receptor type 1 by cryoEM. Protein Sci 2016; 26:52-68. [PMID: 27671094 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction by the ryanodine receptor (RyR) is essential in many excitable cells including all striated contractile cells and some types of neurons. While its transmembrane domain is a classic tetrameric, six-transmembrane cation channel, the cytoplasmic domain is uniquely large and complex, hosting a multiplicity of specialized domains. The overall outline and substructure readily recognizable by electron microscopy make RyR a geometrically well-behaved specimen. Hence, for the last two decades, the 3D structural study of the RyR has tracked closely the technological advances in electron microscopy, cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM), and computerized 3D reconstruction. This review summarizes the progress in the structural determination of RyR by cryoEM and, bearing in mind the leap in resolution provided by the recent implementation of direct electron detection, analyzes the first near-atomic structures of RyR. These reveal a complex orchestration of domains controlling the channel's function, and help to understand how this could break down as a consequence of disease-causing mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Samsó
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Clarke OB, Hendrickson WA. Structures of the colossal RyR1 calcium release channel. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 39:144-152. [PMID: 27687475 PMCID: PMC5419430 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are intracellular cation channels that mediate the rapid and voluminous release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) as required for excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Understanding of the architecture and gating of RyRs has advanced dramatically over the past two years, due to the publication of high resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) reconstructions and associated atomic models of multiple functional states of the skeletal muscle receptor, RyR1. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of RyR architecture and gating, and highlight remaining gaps in understanding which we anticipate will soon be filled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver B Clarke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wayne A Hendrickson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Yuchi Z, Van Petegem F. Ryanodine receptors under the magnifying lens: Insights and limitations of cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography studies. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:209-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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32
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Sun LN, Zhang HJ, Quan LF, Yan WT, Yue Q, Li YY, Qiu GS. Characterization of the Ryanodine Receptor Gene With a Unique 3'-UTR and Alternative Splice Site From the Oriental Fruit Moth. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2016; 16:iev148. [PMID: 28076278 PMCID: PMC5778984 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iev148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ryanodine receptor (RyR), the largest calcium channel protein, has been studied because of its key roles in calcium signaling in cells. Insect RyRs are molecular targets for novel diamide insecticides. The target has been focused widely because of the diamides with high activity against lepidopterous pests and safety for nontarget organisms. To study our understanding of effects of diamides on RyR, we cloned the RyR gene from the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta, which is the most serious pest of stone and pome tree fruits throughout the world, to investigate the modulation of diamide insecticides on RyR mRNA expression in G. molesta (GmRyR). The full-length cDNAs of GmRyR contain a unique 3'-UTR with 625 bp and an open reading frame of 15,402 bp with a predicted protein consisting of 5,133 amino acids. GmRyR possessed a high level of overall amino acid homology with insect and vertebrate isoforms, with 77-92% and 45-47% identity, respectively. Furthermore, five alternative splice sites were identified in GmRyR. Diagnostic PCR showed that the inclusion frequency of one optional exon (f) differed between developmental stages, a finding only found in GmRyR. The lowest expression level of GmRyR mRNA was in larvae, the highest was in male pupae, and the relative expression level in male pupae was 25.67 times higher than that of in larvae. The expression level of GmRyR in the male pupae was 8.70 times higher than in female pupae, and that in male adults was 5.70 times higher than female adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Q. Yue
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning 125100, People’s Republic of China (; ; ; ; ; lyy4455@163. com) and
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Abstract
Heat stroke is a life-threatening condition clinically diagnosed as a severe elevation in body temperature with central nervous system dysfunction that often includes combativeness, delirium, seizures, and coma. Classic heat stroke primarily occurs in immunocompromised individuals during annual heat waves. Exertional heat stroke is observed in young fit individuals performing strenuous physical activity in hot or temperature environments. Long-term consequences of heat stroke are thought to be due to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in the identification of risk factors that predispose to heat stroke, the role of endotoxin and cytokines in mediation of multi-organ damage, the incidence of hypothermia and fever during heat stroke recovery, clinical biomarkers of organ damage severity, and protective cooling strategies. Risk factors include environmental factors, medications, drug use, compromised health status, and genetic conditions. The role of endotoxin and cytokines is discussed in the framework of research conducted over 30 years ago that requires reassessment to more clearly identify the role of these factors in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. We challenge the notion that hypothalamic damage is responsible for thermoregulatory disturbances during heat stroke recovery and highlight recent advances in our understanding of the regulated nature of these responses. The need for more sensitive clinical biomarkers of organ damage is examined. Conventional and emerging cooling methods are discussed with reference to protection against peripheral organ damage and selective brain cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Leon
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abderrezak Bouchama
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Experimental Medicine Department-King Abdulaziz Medical City-Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Sun L, Qiu G, Cui L, Ma C, Yuan H. Molecular characterization of a ryanodine receptor gene from Spodoptera exigua and its upregulation by chlorantraniliprole. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 123:56-63. [PMID: 26267053 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chlorantraniliprole is a novel diamide insecticide that targets the insect ryanodine receptor, a Ca(2+) release channel. Spodoptera exigua is a significant insect pest, and chlorantraniliprole is the most popular diamide insecticide used against this pest. To better understand the effects of diamides on RyR expression and [Ca(2+)], we isolated the SeRyR cDNA and investigated changes in SeRyR expression as a result of the application of chlorantraniliprole. The full-length cDNAs of SeRyR contain an open reading frame (ORF) of 15,357 bp with a predicted protein consisting of 5118 amino acids. SeRyR shares 77-92% identity with other insect RyR isoforms and 45-47% identity with vertebrate RyR isoforms. Furthermore, the relative expression abundances of RyR mRNA extracted from S. exigua fat body cells after 24 h of culture in 0.1, 1, 10, 100 nM, 1 µM and 100 µM of chlorantraniliprole changed 1.04-, 0.89-, 1.83-, 2.58-, 4.03- and 3.12-fold compared to blank control, respectively. The regression equation for the relative expression levels of SeRyR after 24 h as a function of the chlorantraniliprole concentration was Y = 0.6455 + 0.8188LgX, R(2) = 0.97093 for the cell line IOZCAS-Spex-II. These results outline the effects of chlorantraniliprole on the expression of SeRyR and provide a basis for the discovery of a compound that may exhibit selective insect activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning Province 125100, China
| | - Guisheng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning Province 125100, China
| | - Li Cui
- Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunsen Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China; Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huizhu Yuan
- Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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35
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Gartz Hanson M, Niswander LA. Rectification of muscle and nerve deficits in paralyzed ryanodine receptor type 1 mutant embryos. Dev Biol 2015; 404:76-87. [PMID: 26025922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Locomotion and respiration require motor axon connectivity and activation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Through a forward genetic screen for muscle weakness, we recently reported an allele of ryanodine receptor type 1 (Ryr1(AG)). Here we reveal a role for functional RyR1 during acetylcholine receptor (AChR) cluster formation and embryonic synaptic transmission. Ryr1(AG) homozygous embryos are non-motile. Motor axons extend past AChR clusters and enlarged AChR clusters are found under fasciculated nerves. Using physiological and pharmacological methods, we show that contractility can be resumed through the masking of a potassium leak, and evoked vesicular release can be resumed via bypassing the defect in RyR1 induced calcium release. Moreover, we show the involvement of ryanodine receptors in presynaptic release at the NMJ. This data provides evidence of a role for RyR1 on both the pre- and postsynaptic sides of the NMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gartz Hanson
- Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
| | - Lee A Niswander
- Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
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36
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Li L, Mirza S, Richardson SJ, Gallant EM, Thekkedam C, Pace SM, Zorzato F, Liu D, Beard NA, Dulhunty AF. A new cytoplasmic interaction between junctin and ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channels. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:951-63. [PMID: 25609705 PMCID: PMC4342579 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.160689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Junctin, a non-catalytic splice variant encoded by the aspartate-β-hydroxylase (Asph) gene, is inserted into the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ store where it modifies Ca2+ signalling in the heart and skeletal muscle through its regulation of ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca2+ release channels. Junctin is required for normal muscle function as its knockout leads to abnormal Ca2+ signalling, muscle dysfunction and cardiac arrhythmia. However, the nature of the molecular interaction between junctin and RyRs is largely unknown and was assumed to occur only in the SR lumen. We find that there is substantial binding of RyRs to full junctin, and the junctin luminal and, unexpectedly, cytoplasmic domains. Binding of these different junctin domains had distinct effects on RyR1 and RyR2 activity: full junctin in the luminal solution increased RyR channel activity by ∼threefold, the C-terminal luminal interaction inhibited RyR channel activity by ∼50%, and the N-terminal cytoplasmic binding produced an ∼fivefold increase in RyR activity. The cytoplasmic interaction between junctin and RyR is required for luminal binding to replicate the influence of full junctin on RyR1 and RyR2 activity. The C-terminal domain of junctin binds to residues including the S1–S2 linker of RyR1 and N-terminal domain of junctin binds between RyR1 residues 1078 and 2156.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Li
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Shamaruh Mirza
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, ACT 0200, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Suzy M Pace
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, ACT 0200, Australia
| | | | - Dan Liu
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Nicole A Beard
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, ACT 0200, Australia
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Hanson MG, Wilde JJ, Moreno RL, Minic AD, Niswander L. Potassium dependent rescue of a myopathy with core-like structures in mouse. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 25564733 PMCID: PMC4309926 DOI: 10.7554/elife.02923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Myopathies decrease muscle functionality. Mutations in ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) are often associated with myopathies with microscopic core-like structures in the muscle fiber. In this study, we identify a mouse RyR1 model in which heterozygous animals display clinical and pathological hallmarks of myopathy with core-like structures. The RyR1 mutation decreases sensitivity to activated calcium release and myoplasmic calcium levels, subsequently affecting mitochondrial calcium and ATP production. Mutant muscle shows a persistent potassium leak and disrupted expression of regulators of potassium homeostasis. Inhibition of KATP channels or increasing interstitial potassium by diet or FDA-approved drugs can reverse the muscle weakness, fatigue-like physiology and pathology. We identify regulators of potassium homeostasis as biomarkers of disease that may reveal therapeutic targets in human patients with myopathy of central core disease (CCD). Altogether, our results suggest that amelioration of potassium leaks through potassium homeostasis mechanisms may minimize muscle damage of myopathies due to certain RyR1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gartz Hanson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Jonathan J Wilde
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Rosa L Moreno
- Department of Physiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Angela D Minic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Lee Niswander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
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38
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Van Petegem F. Ryanodine Receptors: Allosteric Ion Channel Giants. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:31-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Ravenscroft G, Laing NG, Bönnemann CG. Pathophysiological concepts in the congenital myopathies: blurring the boundaries, sharpening the focus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 138:246-68. [PMID: 25552303 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The congenital myopathies are a diverse group of genetic skeletal muscle diseases, which typically present at birth or in early infancy. There are multiple modes of inheritance and degrees of severity (ranging from foetal akinesia, through lethality in the newborn period to milder early and later onset cases). Classically, the congenital myopathies are defined by skeletal muscle dysfunction and a non-dystrophic muscle biopsy with the presence of one or more characteristic histological features. However, mutations in multiple different genes can cause the same pathology and mutations in the same gene can cause multiple different pathologies. This is becoming ever more apparent now that, with the increasing use of next generation sequencing, a genetic diagnosis is achieved for a greater number of patients. Thus, considerable genetic and pathological overlap is emerging, blurring the classically established boundaries. At the same time, some of the pathophysiological concepts underlying the congenital myopathies are moving into sharper focus. Here we explore whether our emerging understanding of disease pathogenesis and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, rather than a strictly gene-centric approach, will provide grounds for a different and perhaps complementary grouping of the congenital myopathies, that at the same time could help instil the development of shared potential therapeutic approaches. Stemming from recent advances in the congenital myopathy field, five key pathophysiology themes have emerged: defects in (i) sarcolemmal and intracellular membrane remodelling and excitation-contraction coupling; (ii) mitochondrial distribution and function; (iii) myofibrillar force generation; (iv) atrophy; and (v) autophagy. Based on numerous emerging lines of evidence from recent studies in cell lines and patient tissues, mouse models and zebrafish highlighting these unifying pathophysiological themes, here we review the congenital myopathies in relation to these emerging pathophysiological concepts, highlighting both areas of overlap between established entities, as well as areas of distinction within single gene disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianina Ravenscroft
- 1 Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nigel G Laing
- 1 Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- 2 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Centre, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Structure of the rabbit ryanodine receptor RyR1 at near-atomic resolution. Nature 2014; 517:50-55. [PMID: 25517095 PMCID: PMC4338550 DOI: 10.1038/nature14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are high-conductance intracellular Ca2+ channels that play a pivotal role in the excitation-contraction coupling of skeletal and cardiac muscles. RyRs are the largest known ion channels, with a homotetrameric organization and approximately 5000 residues in each protomer. Here we report the structure of the rabbit RyR1 in complex with its modulator FKBP12 at an overall resolution of 3.8 Å, determined by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. Three previously uncharacterized domains, named Central, Handle, and Helical domains, display the armadillo repeat fold. These domains, together with the amino-terminal domain, constitute a network of superhelical scaffold for binding and propagation of conformational changes. The channel domain exhibits the voltage-gated ion channel superfamily fold with distinct features. A negative charge-enriched hairpin loop connecting S5 and the pore helix is positioned above the entrance to the selectivity filter vestibule. The four elongated S6 segments form a right-handed helical bundle that closes the pore at the cytoplasmic border of the membrane. Allosteric regulation of the pore by the cytoplasmic domains is mediated through extensive interactions between the Central domains and the channel domain. These structural features explain high ion conductance by RyRs and the long-range allosteric regulation of channel activities.
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Efremov RG, Leitner A, Aebersold R, Raunser S. Architecture and conformational switch mechanism of the ryanodine receptor. Nature 2014; 517:39-43. [DOI: 10.1038/nature13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lau K, Van Petegem F. Crystal structures of wild type and disease mutant forms of the ryanodine receptor SPRY2 domain. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5397. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Mahalingam M, Girgenrath T, Svensson B, Thomas DD, Cornea RL, Fessenden JD. Structural mapping of divergent regions in the type 1 ryanodine receptor using fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Structure 2014; 22:1322-1332. [PMID: 25132084 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) release Ca(2+) to initiate striated muscle contraction. Three highly divergent regions (DRs) in the RyR protein sequence (DR1, DR2, and DR3) may confer isoform-specific functional properties to the RyRs. We used cell-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements to localize these DRs to the cryoelectron microscopic (cryo-EM) map of the skeletal muscle RyR isoform (RyR1). FRET donors were targeted to RyR1 using five different FKBP12.6 variants labeled with Alexa Fluor 488. FRET was then measured to the FRET acceptors, Cy3NTA or Cy5NTA, targeted to decahistidine tags introduced within the DRs. DR2 and DR3 were localized to separate positions within the "clamp" region of the RyR1 cryo-EM map, which is presumed to interface with Cav1.1. DR1 was localized to the "handle" region, near the regulatory calmodulin-binding site on the RyR. These localizations provide insights into the roles of DRs in RyR allosteric regulation during excitation contraction coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohana Mahalingam
- Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tanya Girgenrath
- Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bengt Svensson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David D Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Razvan L Cornea
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - James D Fessenden
- Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Tian C, Shao CH, Padanilam C, Ezell E, Singh J, Kutty S, Bidasee KR. CCDI: a new ligand that modulates mammalian type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1). Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:4097-111. [PMID: 24819467 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are Ca(2+)-release channels on the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum that modulate a wide array of physiological functions. Three RyR isoforms are present in cells: RyR1, RyR2 and RyR3. To date, there are no reports on ligands that modulate RyR in an isoform-selective manner. Such ligands are not only valuable research tools, but could serve as intermediates for development of therapeutics. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid and 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide were allowed to react in carbon tetrachloride for 24 h at low temperatures and pressures. The chemical structures of the two products isolated were elucidated using NMR spectrometry, mass spectrometry and elemental analyses. [(3) H]-ryanodine binding, lipid bilayer and time-lapsed confocal imaging were used to determine their effects on RyR isoforms. KEY RESULTS The major product, 2-cyclohexyl-3-cyclohexylimino-2, 3, dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-1-one (CCDI) dose-dependently potentiated Ca(2+)-dependent binding of [(3)H]-ryanodine to RyR1, with no significant effects on [(3)H]-ryanodine binding to RyR2 or RyR3. CCDI also reversibly increased the open probability (P(o)) of RyR1 with minimal effects on RyR2 and RyR3. CCDI induced Ca(2+) transients in C2C12 skeletal myotubes, but not in rat ventricular myocytes. This effect was blocked by pretreating cells with ryanodine. The minor product 2-cyclohexyl-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazole-1,3-dione had no effect on either [(3)H]-ryanodine binding or P(o) of RyR1, RyR2 and RyR3. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A new ligand that preferentially modulates RyR1 was identified. In addition to being an important research tool, the pharmacophore of this small molecule could serve as a template for the synthesis of other isoform-selective modulators of RyRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengju Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Wang J, Xie Z, Gao J, Liu Y, Wang W, Huang L, Wang J. Molecular cloning and characterization of a ryanodine receptor gene in brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2014; 70:790-797. [PMID: 23893901 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are a distinct class of intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) release channel. The recent discovery of diamide insecticides has prompted studies on insect RyRs. However, information about the structure and function of insect RyRs is still limited. In this study, we isolated and characterized a full-length RyR cDNA (named NlRyR) from the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), a serious rice pest throughout Asia. RESULTS The composite NlRyR gene contains an open reading frame of 15 423 bp encoding a protein of 5140 amino acid residues, which shares high sequence identity (78-81%) with other insect homologues, except for two regions (IDR1: 4379-4732; IDR2: 1307-1529) with markedly low identity (44-48 and 38-41%, respectively). All hallmarks of the RyR proteins are conserved in the NlRyR protein, including the RyR domain as well as mannosyltransferase, IP3 R and RyR (pfam02815) (MIR) and RyR and IP3 R homology (pfam01365) (RIH) domains. Expression analysis of NlRyR revealed significant differences in mRNA expression levels among N. lugens developmental stages. Furthermore, three alternative splicing sites were identified in NlRyR, one of which forms the mutually exclusive exons A/B and is conserved in various insect species. Diagnostic PCR assays showed that the splice variant containing exon A was predominantly detected in all developmental stages. CONCLUSION NlRyR may play an important role in the control of developmental processes of N. lugens. Alternative splicing may generate the functional diversity of NlRyR. The results provided the basis for further structural and functional characterization of NlRyR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Gu M, Zhang S, Hu J, Yuan Y, Wang Z, Da Y, Wu S. Novel RYR1 missense mutations in six Chinese patients with central core disease. Neurosci Lett 2014; 566:32-5. [PMID: 24561095 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Central core disease (CCD) is a genetically heterogeneous congenital myopathy, and ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1, gene ID6261) is the only pathogenicity gene until now. Data on mutation characteristics of RYR1 in the Chinese CCD population are scarce. This study searched for mutations in the C-terminal-encoding domain of RYR1 in six Chinese patients with CCD, and identified five missense mutations (N4807F, R4861H, R4893P, G4897D, and I4898T). Among them, N4807F, G4897D were novel while R4861H, R4893P, and I4898T were previously reported. All missense mutations were highly conserved across the species of human, mouse, rabbit, fish, and pig. This study found that mutations could be identified in about 85% CCD patients, even if only the C-terminal-encoding region of RYR1 was screened. Many mutations clustered in exons 100-102.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Gu
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Chinese Armed Police Forces, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Chinese Armed Police Forces, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, China
| | - Yuwei Da
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of the Capital Medical University, The General Hospital of Chinese Armed Police Forces, China
| | - Shiwen Wu
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Chinese Armed Police Forces, China.
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Wan PJ, Guo WY, Yang Y, Lü FG, Lu WP, Li GQ. RNAi suppression of the ryanodine receptor gene results in decreased susceptibility to chlorantraniliprole in Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 63:48-55. [PMID: 24607641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Leptinotarsadecemlineata is the most important pest in potato and causes serious yield loss each year. Chlorantraniliprole acts on insect ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and is among the most active compounds against L. decemlineata. Here we cloned and characterized a 15,792-bp full-length LdRyR cDNA that encoded a 5128-amino acid protein. LdRyR shares 85-92% amino acid similarities with other insect RyR homologues, and 59-61% similarities with those from Caenorhabditis elegans and Homo sapiens. All hallmarks of the RyR proteins are conserved in LdRyR. LdRyR has a MIR domain, two RIH domains, three SPRY domains, four copies of RyR domain and a RIH-associated domain in the N-terminus, and it possesses two consensus calcium ion-binding EF-hand motifs and six predicted transmembrane helices in the C-terminus. Temporal, spatial and tissue-specific expression patterns of LdRyR were evaluated. LdRyR expression level was increased constantly from egg to wandering stages, dropped in pupal stage and was increased again in the adult stage. It was widely expressed in the head, thorax and abdomen of day 3 fourth-instar larvae. Moreover, it was ubiquitously expressed in all inspected tissues including epidermis, foregut, midgut, ileum, rectum, fat body, ventral ganglia and Malpighian tubules in day 3 fourth-instar larvae. Dietary introduction of double-stranded RNA of LdRyR significantly reduced the mRNA levels of the target gene in the larvae and adults, respectively, and significantly decreased chlorantraniliprole-induced mortalities. Thus, our results suggested that LdRyR encoded a functional ryanodine receptor in L. decemlineata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Jun Wan
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wei-Yan Guo
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yao Yang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Feng-Gong Lü
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wei-Ping Lu
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Schilling R, Fink RH, Fischer WB. MD simulations of the central pore of ryanodine receptors and sequence comparison with 2B protein from coxsackie virus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:1122-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Correia ACDC, Silva PCB, da Silva BA. Malignant hyperthermia: clinical and molecular aspects. Rev Bras Anestesiol 2014. [PMID: 23176990 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-7094(12)70182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTENT Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a potentially lethal pharmacogenetic disorder that affects genetically predisposed individuals. It manifests in susceptible individuals in response to exposure to Inhalant anesthetics, depolarizing muscle relaxants or extreme physical activity in hot environments. During exposure to these triggering agents, there is a rapid and sustained increase of myoplasmic calcium (Ca(2+)) concentration induced by hyperactivation of ryanodine receptor of skeletal muscle (RyR1), causing a profound change in Ca(2+) homeostasis, featuring a hypermetabolic state. RyR1, Ca(2+) release channels of sarcoplasmic reticulum, is the primary locus for MH susceptibility. Several mutations in the gene encoding the protein RyR1 have been identified; however, other genes may be involved. Actually, the standard method for diagnosing MH susceptibility is the muscle contracture test for exposure to halothane-caffeine (CHCT) and the only treatment is the use of dantrolene. However, with advances in molecular genetics, a full understanding of the disease etiology may be provided, favoring the development of an accurate diagnosis, less invasive, with DNA test, and also will provide the development of new therapeutic strategies for treatment of MH. Thus, this brief review aims to integrate molecular and clinical aspects of MH, gathering input for a better understanding of this channelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina de Carvalho Correia
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica Prof. Delby Fernandes de Medeiros, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.
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