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Zafar MA, Shah IM, Wolf RE. Protein-protein interactions between sigma(70) region 4 of RNA polymerase and Escherichia coli SoxS, a transcription activator that functions by the prerecruitment mechanism: evidence for "off-DNA" and "on-DNA" interactions. J Mol Biol 2010; 401:13-32. [PMID: 20595001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
According to the prerecruitment hypothesis, Escherichia coli SoxS activates the transcription of the genes of the SoxRS regulon by forming binary complexes with RNA polymerase (RNAP) that scan the chromosome for class I and class II SoxS-dependent promoters. We showed previously that the alpha subunit's C-terminal domain plays a role in activating both classes of promoter by making protein-protein contacts with SoxS; some of these contacts are made in solution in the absence of promoter DNA, a critical prediction of the prerecruitment hypothesis. Here, we identified seven single-alanine substitutions of the region 4 of sigma(70) (sigma(70) R4) of RNAP that reduce SoxS activation of class II promoters. With genetic epistasis tests between these sigma(70) R4 mutants and positive control mutants of SoxS, we identified 10 pairs of amino acids that interact with each other in E. coli. Using the yeast two-hybrid system and affinity immobilization assays, we showed that SoxS and sigma(70) R4 can interact in solution (i.e., "off-DNA"). The interaction requires amino acids of the class I/II (but not the class II) positive control surface of SoxS, and five amino acids of sigma(70) R4 that reduce activation in E. coli also reduce the SoxS-sigma(70) R4 interaction in yeast. One of the epistatic interactions that occur in E. coli also occurs in the yeast two-hybrid system (i.e., off-DNA). Importantly, we infer that the five epistatic interactions occurring in E. coli that require an amino acid of the class II surface occur "on-DNA" at class II promoters. Finding that SoxS contacts sigma(70) R4 both off-DNA and on-DNA is consistent with the prerecruitment hypothesis. Moreover, SoxS is now the first example of an E. coli transcriptional activator that uses a single positive control surface to make specific protein-protein contacts with two different subunits of RNAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ammar Zafar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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Griffith KL, Fitzpatrick MM, Keen EF, Wolf RE. Two functions of the C-terminal domain of Escherichia coli Rob: mediating "sequestration-dispersal" as a novel off-on switch for regulating Rob's activity as a transcription activator and preventing degradation of Rob by Lon protease. J Mol Biol 2009; 388:415-30. [PMID: 19289129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Revised: 03/08/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In Escherichia coli, Rob activates transcription of the SoxRS/MarA/Rob regulon. Previous work revealed that Rob resides in three to four immunostainable foci, that dipyridyl and bile salts are inducers of its activity, and that inducers bind to Rob's C-terminal domain (CTD). We propose that sequestration inactivates Rob by blocking its access to the transcriptional machinery and that inducers activate Rob by mediating its dispersal, allowing interaction with RNA polymerase. To test "sequestration-dispersal" as a new mechanism for regulating the activity of transcriptional activators, we fused Rob's CTD to SoxS and used indirect immunofluorescence microscopy to determine the effect of inducers on SoxS-Rob's cellular localization. Unlike native SoxS, which is uniformly distributed throughout the cell, SoxS-Rob is sequestered without an inducer, but is rapidly dispersed when cells are treated with an inducer. In this manner, Rob's CTD serves as an anti-sigma factor in regulating the co-sigma-factor-like activity of SoxS when fused to it. Rob's CTD also protects its N-terminus from Lon protease, since Lon's normally rapid degradation of SoxS is blocked in the chimera. Accordingly, Rob's CTD has novel regulatory properties that can be bestowed on another E. coli protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Griffith
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4264, USA.
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Guidi-Rontani C, Spassky A. RNA polymerase mutant able to express in vivo and in vitro the lactose operon in the absence of the cAMP-CRP complex. J Mol Biol 1985; 186:527-32. [PMID: 2419569 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
By genetic analysis, we have localized a new mutation, isolated from rho-crp background, responsible for a carbohydrate-positive phenotype. The mutation maps in the rpoB gene coding for the beta-subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. Using reverse transcriptase analysis of transcripts obtained in vivo and transcription assays in vitro, we have shown that this altered RNA polymerase can efficiently initiate the transcription of the lactose operon in the absence of the cAMP-CRP complex both in vivo and in vitro.
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Manabe T. Mathematical expression for the rate of initiation and certain prediction on the non-competitive binding operon: the Escherichia coli lactose operon. J Theor Biol 1981; 89:271-302. [PMID: 7022031 DOI: 10.1016/0022-5193(81)90312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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6
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Takahashi M, Blazy B, Baudras A. An equilibrium study of the cooperative binding of adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate and guanosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate to the adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate receptor protein from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 1980; 19:5124-30. [PMID: 6257276 DOI: 10.1021/bi00563a029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The binding of adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) to the adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate receptor protein (CRP) from Escherichia coli was investigated by equilibrium dialysis at pH 8.0 and 20 degrees C at different ionic strengths (0.05--0.60 M). Both cAMP and cGMP bind to CRP with a negative cooperativity that is progressively changed to positive as the ionic strength is increased. The binding data were analyzed with an interactive model for two identical sites and site/site interactions with the interaction free energy--RT ln alpha, and the intrinsic binding constant K and cooperativity parameter alpha were computed. Double-label experiments showed that cGMP is strictly competitive with cAMP, and its binding parameters K and alpha are not very different from that for cAMP. Since two binding sites exist for each of the cyclic nucleotides in dimeric CRP and no change in the quaternary structure of the protein is observed on binding the ligands, it is proposed that the cooperativity originates in ligand/ligand interactions. When bound to double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA), CRP binds cAMP more efficiently, and the cooperativity is positive even in conditions of low ionic strength where it is negative for the free protein. By contrast, cGMP binding properties remained unperturbed in dsDNA-bound CRP. Neither the intrinsic binding constant K nor the cooperativity parameter alpha was found to be very sensitive to changes of pH between 6.0 and 8.0 at 0.2 M ionic strength and 20 degrees C. For these conditions, the intrinsic free energy and entropy of binding of cAMP are delta H degree = -1.7 kcal . mol-1 and delta S degree = 15.6 eu, respectively.
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Abstract
A small plasmid DNA was assembled into chromatin in vitro by incubation in an extract prepared frog eggs of Xenopus laevis. The plasmid DNA contrained the regulatory region of the Escherichia coli lac operon, the transcription of which is under positive regulation by catabolite activator protein (CAP) and negative regulation by lac repressor. After incubation in the egg extract the plasmid DNA acquired approximately 60% of the predicted maximum number of nucleosomes. Chromatin was treated with protein and DNA cross-linking agents prior to transcriptin in order to demonstrate that regions of the DNA organized into nucleosomes served as templates for transcription. Cross-linking abolished transcription of chromatin but had no effect on transcription of the DNA, suggesting that transcription of untreated chromatin was not solely attributable to nucleosome-free regions. In support of this conclusion, the average size of the RNA transcribed from chromatin was approximately 1000 bases, which was approximately 5 times longer than the average distance between nucleosomes. Transcription of in vitro assembled plasmid chromatin by E. coli RNA polymerase was stimulated by catabolite activator protein. The CAP-mediated stimulation of transcription was detectable as an increase in total transcription that was specific to chromatin made from a plasmid containing the lac regulatory DNA sequences. The specific increase in the amount of RNA whose synthesis was initiated within the lac region was demonstrated by hybridization of transcription products to complementary DNA fragments bound to nitrocellulose filters. Preliminary investigation of the action of lac repressor suggested that it also modulated transcription from the chromatin template.
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Maquat LE, Thornton K, Reznikoff WS. lac Promoter mutations located downstream from the transcription start site. J Mol Biol 1980; 139:537-49. [PMID: 6777500 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Pouwels PH, Scholten HJ. Escherichia coli mutant strain with altered expression of the tryptophan operon: isolation and preliminary characterization. J Bacteriol 1979; 139:393-7. [PMID: 378967 PMCID: PMC216881 DOI: 10.1128/jb.139.2.393-397.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
From a strain of Escherichia coli with two copies of the tryptophan (trp) operon and one copy of the lactose (lac) operon, under control of one of the trp regulatory elements, we have isolated a mutant which does not grow in a medium containing 19 amino acids, unless tryptophan is added, and which cannot ferment lactose. The apparent pleiotropic nature of the mutation(s) is indicated by the very slow growth of mutant bacteria on minimal-medium agar supplemented with glucose and tryptophan. The amount of the trp enzymes (anthranilate synthetase and tryptophan synthetase) and trp messenger ribonucleic acid is reduced several-fold in the mutant compared to the isogenic wild-type strain, whereas the enzymes tryptophanyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase remain the same. The incorporation of radioactive label into pulse-labeled but not into stable ribonucleic acid is significantly lower. Our results suggest that in the mutant organism the control of transcription of some operons, including the trp operon, is modified. An alternative explanation is that mutant bacteria contain a ribonuclease with increased activity for some messenger ribonucleic acid species.
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Baumberg S, Harwood CR. Carbon and nitrogen repression of arginine catabolic enzymes in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 1979; 137:189-96. [PMID: 104957 PMCID: PMC218435 DOI: 10.1128/jb.137.1.189-196.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific activities of arginase and ornithine aminotransferase, inducible enzymes of arginine catabolism in Bacillus subtilis 168, were examined in cells grown with various carbon and nitrogen sources. Levels of these enzymes were similar in arginine-induced cultures whether glucose or citrate was the carbon source (in contrast to histidase), suggesting that carbon source catabolite repression has only limited effect. In media with combinations of nitrogen sources, glutamine strongly repressed induction of these enzymes by proline or arginine. Ammonium, however, only repressed induction by proline and had no effect on induction by arginine. These effects correlate with generation times in media containing these substances as sole nitrogen sources: growth rates decreased in the order glutamine-arginine-ammonium-proline. Similar phenomena were observed when glutamine or ammonium were added to arginine- or proline-grown cultures, or when arginine or proline were added to glutamine- or ammonium-grown cultures. In the latter cases, an additional feature was apparent, namely a surprisingly long transition between steady-state enzyme levels. The results are compared with those for other bacteria and for eucaryotic microorganisms.
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Higgins SJ, Baxter JD, Rousseau GG. Nuclear binding of glucocorticoid receptors. MONOGRAPHS ON ENDOCRINOLOGY 1979; 12:135-60. [PMID: 40113 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-81265-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Maquat LE, Reznikoff WS. In vitro analysis of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase interaction with wild-type and mutant lactose promoters. J Mol Biol 1978; 125:467-90. [PMID: 368341 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Coppola S, Zoina A, Marino P. Cyclic-AMP content in Escherichia coli B/b as affected by N1-(delta 2-isopentyl)adenine. ZENTRALBLATT FUR BAKTERIOLOGIE, PARASITENKUNDE, INFEKTIONSKRANKHEITEN UND HYGIENE. ZWEITE NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHE ABTEILUNG: MIKROBIOLOGIE DER LANDWIRTSCHAFT DER TECHNOLOGIE UND DES UMWELTSCHUTZES 1978; 133:245-9. [PMID: 211751 DOI: 10.1016/s0323-6056(78)80010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl)adenine, like other cytokinins, does not detectably modify Escherichia coli growth, but strongly affects cellular levels of cAMP. A substantial delay of the highest level of intracellular cAMP, a reduction to about one half of such maximum level, and a slight increase of cAMP secreted into the medium are reported.
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Hickie RA. Regulation of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in Morris hepatomas and liver. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1977; 92:451-88. [PMID: 24988 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-8852-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Jiresová M, Janecek J. The activity of Escherichia coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase on DNA templates of different origin. The effect of cAMP. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1977; 22:168-72. [PMID: 195876 DOI: 10.1007/bf02885597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA isolated from different T phages served as a better template for the synthetic activity of unmodified Escherichia coli RNA polymerase in the in vitro system than did the host DNA. cAMP significantly stimulated the activity of such a preparation of RNA polymerase. The stimulation was more pronounced with the host DNA template than with phage DNA. However, the synthetic activity of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase was greater in the presence of cAMP than without it when phage DNA served as the template.
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16
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Bass R, Heffernan L, Sweadner K, Englesberg E. The site for catabolite deactivation in the L-arabinose BAD operon in Escherichia coli B/r. Arch Microbiol 1976; 110:135-43. [PMID: 189718 DOI: 10.1007/bf00416978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of deletions beginning in the leu operon and continuing into the araC gene and also into the ara controlling site region were analyzed in reciprocal merodiploids, e.g., F' A2Cc67/B24delta719, F' B24delta719/A2Cc67, for their effects on catabolite deactivation (CD). The results of these experiments are consistent with placing the catabolite gene activator-cyclic AMP sensitive site in the controlling site region between araB and araO. With a deletion mutant, delta1109, that places araBAD under leu control when transcription begins at leuP, the araBAD operon is immune to CD even though araCGA, araP and araI are intact and functional. To focus attention on the fine structure and related functions of this region we propose that the three proteins that function therein have separate sites of action: araI (initiator-site for activator), araP (promoter-site for RNA polymerase) and ara(CGA) (catabolite gene activator-site for CGA-cAMP). None of the eighteen initiator constitutive mutants (Ic) tested have any significant effect on catabolite derepression or on the maximal level of expression of the operon supporting the view that the araI site may be distinct from araP and ARA(CGA). A series of constitutive mutants in the araC gene (Cc) also have no pronounced effect on catabolite deactivation.
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López JM, Thoms B. [Relations between catabolite repression and sporulation in Bacillus subtilis (author's transl)]. Arch Microbiol 1976; 109:181-6. [PMID: 822795 DOI: 10.1007/bf00425133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acetoin dehydrogenase can be catabolite repressed by numerous sources of carbon. The following results point out that the catabolite repression of this enzyme and the inhibition of sporulation are mediated by the same mechanism: 1. Mutants, able to synthesize acetoin dehydrogenase in the presence of glucose, sporulate in glucose medium at a higher rate than the standard strain. 2. The catabolite repressing effect of a compound and its ability to inhibit sporulation are in a direct relation to each other. 3. The limitation of inorganic phosphate in the growth medium, which is known to favour sporulation, counteracts the catabolite repressing effect of glucose.
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Bruenn J, Kane W. Discontinuous synthesis of lac messenger ribonucleic acid in a mutant of Escherichia coli with a new lac promoter. J Bacteriol 1976; 125:1013-7. [PMID: 767318 PMCID: PMC236178 DOI: 10.1128/jb.125.3.1013-1017.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A mutant of Escherichia coli with a new promoter for the lac operon exhibits dramatic discontinuities in the synthesis of lac messenger ribonucleic acid after induction. These discontinuities immediately precede similar discontinuities in the synthesis of beta-galactosidase. The discontinuous synthesis of beta-galactosidase persists after addition of rifampin.
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Nakanishi S, Adhya S, Gottesman M, Pastan I. Selective effects of MgCl2 and temperature on the initiation of transcription at lac, gal, and lambda promoters. J Biol Chem 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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20
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Haggerty DM, Schleif RF. Kinetics of the onset of catabolite repression in Escherichia coli as determined by lac messenger ribonucleic acid initiations and intracellular cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels. J Bacteriol 1975; 123:946-53. [PMID: 169231 PMCID: PMC235818 DOI: 10.1128/jb.123.3.946-953.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rates of synthesis of beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) and the intracellular levels of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) soon after the addition of glucose or glycerol to exponentially growing cultures of Escherichia coli have been determined. Within 10 s of its addition, glucose, but not glycerol, lowered the apparent initiation frequency of lac messenger ribonucleic acid. The glucose-generated reduction in initiations is identified as catabolite repression by its reversibility with cAMP. The intracellular cAMP levels respond virtually identically to glucose and glycerol additions. Thus, no correlation was observed between the rate of messenger ribonucleic acid initiation and the level of cAMP.
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Alper MD, Ames BN. Cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. J Bacteriol 1975; 122:1081-90. [PMID: 168178 PMCID: PMC246163 DOI: 10.1128/jb.122.3.1081-1090.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive selection procedures for mutants of Salmonella typhimurium lacking cyclic 3', 5'7-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase have been devised. The gene (cpd) coding for this enzyme has been located on the chromosome and shown to be 25% co-transducible with metC using phage P22. The mutants have been used to investigate the role of the enzyme in the control of genes whose expression is known to be dependent on cAMP. Significant alterations in the regulation of some but not others of these genes have been observed in these mutants. Mutants lacking the cAMP phosphodiesterase are more sensitive than their parents to a variety of antibiotics that appear to enter the cell through cAMP-dependent transport systems. They grow faster than the wild type on succinate-ammonia-salts, and glucose-proline-salts media and are inhibited by added cAMP on glucose, citrate, or glycerol-ammonia salts media whereas the wild type is unaffected. Neither the growth of Salmonella typhimurium on glycerol or citrate media nor the level of acid hexose phosphatase in the strain is affected by the loss of cAMP phosphodiesterase. In addition, the mutant strains are extremely sensitive to high levels of cAMP. Loss of the cAMP phosphodiesterase in strains unable to synthesize cAMP (adenyl cyclase negative) reduces by 10-fold the requirement for exogenous cAMP for expression of catabolite-sensitive phenotypes. These results suggest that through its control of cAMP levels in the cell the phosphodiesterase may be involved in the regulation of certain classes of catabolite-sensitive operaons and also in protecting the cell against high levels of cAMP.
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Aboud M, Pastan I. Activation of transcription by guanosine 5'-diphosphate,3'-diphosphate, transfer ribonucleic acid, and novel protein from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)41700-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Náprstek J, Janecek J, Spizek J, Dobrová Z. Culic 3', 5', -adenosine monophosphate and catabolic repression in Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1975; 64:845-50. [PMID: 167758 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(75)90124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Carpenter G, Sells BH. Regulation of the lactose operon in Escherichia coli by cAMP. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1975; 41:29-58. [PMID: 166045 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Schlanderer G, Dellweg H. Cyclid AMP and catabolite repression in yeasts, In Schizosaccharomyces pombe glucose lowers both intracellular adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate levels and the activity of catabolite-sensitive enzymes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1974; 49:305-16. [PMID: 4156516 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Martelo OJ, Woo SL, Davie EW. Phosphorylation of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase by rabbit skeletal muscle protein kinase. J Mol Biol 1974; 87:685-96. [PMID: 4372361 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(74)90078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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29
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Hwang TC, Clark VL, Bernlohr RW. Guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity of Bacillus licheniformis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1974; 58:707-13. [PMID: 4365412 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(74)80475-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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30
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Studies with the Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Receptor and Stimulation of in Vitro Transcription of the Gal Operon. J Biol Chem 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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31
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32
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Chamberlin MJ. 10. Bacterial DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-6047(08)60142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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33
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Pastan I, Gallo M, Anderson WB. The purification and analysis of mechanism of action of a cyclic AMP-receptor protein from Escherichia coli. Methods Enzymol 1974; 38:367-76. [PMID: 4375769 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(74)38053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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34
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Kung HF, Brot N, Spears C, Chen B, Weissbach H. Studies on the in vitro transcription and translation of the lac operon. Arch Biochem Biophys 1974; 160:168-74. [PMID: 4364063 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(74)80023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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35
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Lis JT, Schleif R. Different cyclic AMP requirements for induction of the arabinose and lactose operons of Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol 1973; 79:149-62. [PMID: 4355595 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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36
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Stimulation of lac Transcription by Guanosine 5′-Diphosphate 2′(or 3′)-Diphosphate and Transfer Ribonucleic Acid. J Biol Chem 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)44048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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