1
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Chien H, Chu YD, Hsu YP, Yeh CT, Lai MW, Chang ML, Lim SN, Chen CW, Lin WR. An SNP Marker Predicts Colorectal Cancer Outcomes with 5-Fluorouracil-Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy Post-Resection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6642. [PMID: 38928347 PMCID: PMC11203489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global health concern, necessitating adjuvant chemotherapy post-curative surgery to mitigate recurrence and enhance survival, particularly in intermediate-stage patients. However, existing therapeutic disparities highlight the need for biomarker-guided adjuvant chemotherapy to achieve better CRC inhibition. This study explores the molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibition of CRC through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) focused on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based adjuvant therapy in intermediate-stage CRC patients, a domain previously unexplored. We retrospectively included 226 intermediate-stage CRC patients undergoing surgical resection followed by 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy. The exploration cohort comprised 31 patients, and the validation cohort included 195 individuals. Genotyping was carried out using either Axiom Genome-Wide TWB 2.0 Array Plate-based or polymerase chain reaction-based methods on genomic DNA derived from collected tissue samples. Statistical analyses involved descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier analyses, and Cox proportional hazard analyses. From the GWAS, potential genetic predictors, GALNT14-rs62139523 and DNMBP-rs10786578 genotypes, of 5-FU-based adjuvant therapy following surgery in intermediate-stage CRC patients were identified. Validation in a larger cohort of 195 patients emphasized the predictive significance of GALNT14-rs62139523 genotypes, especially the "A/G" genotype, for improved overall and progression-free survival. This predictive association remained robust across various subgroups, with exceptions for specific demographic and clinical parameters such as age < 58 years old, CEA ≤ 2.5 ng/mL, tumor diameter > 44.0 mm, and tumor-free margin ≥ 50 mm. This study identifies that the GALNT14-rs62139523 "A/G" genotype modulates therapeutic outcomes, establishing it as a promising biomarker for predicting favorable responses to 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy in intermediate-stage CRC patients, although further investigations are needed to detail these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chien
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (H.C.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-L.C.)
| | - Yu-De Chu
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (Y.-D.C.); (Y.-P.H.); (M.-W.L.)
| | - Yi-Ping Hsu
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (Y.-D.C.); (Y.-P.H.); (M.-W.L.)
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (H.C.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-L.C.)
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (Y.-D.C.); (Y.-P.H.); (M.-W.L.)
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lai
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (Y.-D.C.); (Y.-P.H.); (M.-W.L.)
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Chang
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (H.C.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-L.C.)
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (Y.-D.C.); (Y.-P.H.); (M.-W.L.)
| | - Siew-Na Lim
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (H.C.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-L.C.)
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (Y.-D.C.); (Y.-P.H.); (M.-W.L.)
| | - Wey-Ran Lin
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (H.C.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-L.C.)
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (Y.-D.C.); (Y.-P.H.); (M.-W.L.)
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2
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Khachatrian AA, Mukhametzyanov TA, Salikhov RZ, Klimova AE, Gafurov ZN, Kantyukov AO, Yakhvarov DG, Garifullin BF, Mironova DA, Voloshina AD, Solomonov BN. New ionic liquids based on 5-fluorouracil: Tuning of BSA binding and cytotoxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128642. [PMID: 38061517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we describe the synthesis, interactions with bovine serum albumin, and cytotoxicity of new ionic liquids based on 5-fluorouracil (API-ILs) with different cations (imidazolium, choline, isoquinolinium, guanidinium). The secondary and tertiary structure of BSA in solutions with different concentrations of API-ILs was monitored by the circular dichroism (CD) technique. The addition of API-ILs does not lead to structural changes in BSA. A quenching of fluorescence spectra intensity of BSA in presence of all API-ILs was observed, allowing the quantification of binding between API-ILs and BSA. The preferred localization of both ions in API-ILs differs significantly depending on the structure of the cation according to molecular docking. The aggregation of BSA in presence of API-ILs was analyzed by the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method, revealing a moderate increase in particle size. Cytotoxicity and selectivity of API-ILs on cancer and normal cell lines were estimated, showing a clear modification of the pharmaceutic activity of ionic liquid compared to 5-fluorouracil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artashes A Khachatrian
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya str.18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation.
| | - Timur A Mukhametzyanov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya str.18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Ramazan Z Salikhov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya str.18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra E Klimova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya str.18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Zufar N Gafurov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya str.18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation; Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Artyom O Kantyukov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya str.18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation; Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry G Yakhvarov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya str.18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation; Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Bulat F Garifullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Diana A Mironova
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya str. 18, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra D Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Boris N Solomonov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya str.18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
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3
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Yang B, Xie X, Wu Z, Lv D, Hu J, Chen Y, Li J, Luo S, Li J, Luo J, Zhang S. DNA damage-mediated cellular senescence promotes hand-foot syndrome that can be relieved by thymidine prodrug. Genes Dis 2023; 10:2557-2571. [PMID: 37554214 PMCID: PMC10404883 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a widely recognized dose-limiting cutaneous toxicity effect of fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy agents that impairs clinical benefits and treatment outcomes. Even though the cause and pathophysiology of HFS are relatively widely reported, how the toxicity of fluoropyrimidine translates into persistent inflammation has not been studied. Additionally, prevention and treatment strategies for HFS based on its mechanistic occurrence and development are scarce. In our study, we demonstrated that cGAS-STING signaling pathway-mediated cellular senescence played a critical role in the inflammatory reaction and provided a therapeutic solution for HFS. Mechanistically, DNA damage, as the primary cytotoxic cause, in keratinocytes induces cell cycle arrest, activates the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, and subsequently mediates cellular senescence, ultimately fueling a robust secondary inflammatory response that results in HFS. More importantly, the thymidine prodrug thymidine diacetate was proven to be effective in preventing HFS by compensating for thymidylate deficiency to facilitate the replication and repair of DNA and thus causing the escape from cellular senescence. These data highlight the importance of DNA damage-mediated cellular senescence in the etiology of HFS and provide a potential therapeutic anchor point for fluoropyrimidine-induced HFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxue Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinran Xie
- School of Pharmacy and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wu
- School of Pharmacy and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dazhao Lv
- School of Pharmacy and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiajun Hu
- School of Pharmacy and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuyun Chen
- School of Pharmacy and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiaxing Li
- School of Pharmacy and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuyue Luo
- School of Pharmacy and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- School of Pharmacy and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Pharmacy and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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4
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Durand R, Jalbert-Ross J, Fijarczyk A, Dubé AK, Landry CR. Cross-feeding affects the target of resistance evolution to an antifungal drug. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011002. [PMID: 37856537 PMCID: PMC10617708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi are a cause of growing concern. Developing an efficient and safe antifungal is challenging because of the similar biological properties of fungal and host cells. Consequently, there is an urgent need to better understand the mechanisms underlying antifungal resistance to prolong the efficacy of current molecules. A major step in this direction would be to be able to predict or even prevent the acquisition of resistance. We leverage the power of experimental evolution to quantify the diversity of paths to resistance to the antifungal 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), commercially known as flucytosine. We generated hundreds of independent 5-FC resistant mutants derived from two genetic backgrounds from wild isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Through automated pin-spotting, whole-genome and amplicon sequencing, we identified the most likely causes of resistance for most strains. Approximately a third of all resistant mutants evolved resistance through a pleiotropic drug response, a potentially novel mechanism in response to 5-FC, marked by cross-resistance to fluconazole. These cross-resistant mutants are characterized by a loss of respiration and a strong tradeoff in drug-free media. For the majority of the remaining two thirds, resistance was acquired through loss-of-function mutations in FUR1, which encodes an important enzyme in the metabolism of 5-FC. We describe conditions in which mutations affecting this particular step of the metabolic pathway are favored over known resistance mutations affecting a step upstream, such as the well-known target cytosine deaminase encoded by FCY1. This observation suggests that ecological interactions may dictate the identity of resistance hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Durand
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Canada
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Canada
- PROTEO, Le regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l’ingénierie et les applications des protéines, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur les Données Massives (CRDM), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jordan Jalbert-Ross
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Canada
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Canada
- PROTEO, Le regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l’ingénierie et les applications des protéines, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur les Données Massives (CRDM), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Anna Fijarczyk
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Canada
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Canada
- PROTEO, Le regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l’ingénierie et les applications des protéines, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur les Données Massives (CRDM), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre K. Dubé
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Canada
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Canada
- PROTEO, Le regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l’ingénierie et les applications des protéines, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur les Données Massives (CRDM), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian R. Landry
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Canada
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Canada
- PROTEO, Le regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l’ingénierie et les applications des protéines, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur les Données Massives (CRDM), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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5
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Chen JK, Merrick KA, Kong YW, Izrael-Tomasevic A, Eng G, Handly ED, Patterson JC, Cannell IG, Suarez-Lopez L, Hosios AM, Dinh A, Kirkpatrick DS, Yu K, Rose CM, Hernandez JM, Hwangbo H, Palmer AC, Vander Heiden MG, Yilmaz ÖH, Yaffe MB. An RNA Damage Response Network Mediates the Lethality of 5-FU in Clinically Relevant Tumor Types. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.28.538590. [PMID: 37162991 PMCID: PMC10168374 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.28.538590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a successful and broadly used anti-cancer therapeutic. A major mechanism of action of 5-FU is thought to be through thymidylate synthase (TYMS) inhibition resulting in dTTP depletion and activation of the DNA damage response. This suggests that 5-FU should synergize with other DNA damaging agents. However, we found that combinations of 5-FU and oxaliplatin or irinotecan failed to display any evidence of synergy in clinical trials, and resulted in sub-additive killing in a panel of colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. In seeking to understand this antagonism, we unexpectedly found that an RNA damage response during ribosome biogenesis dominates the drug's efficacy in tumor types for which 5-FU shows clinical benefit. 5-FU has an inherent bias for RNA incorporation, and blocking this greatly reduced drug-induced lethality, indicating that accumulation of damaged RNA is more deleterious than the lack of new RNA synthesis. Using 5-FU metabolites that specifically incorporate into either RNA or DNA revealed that CRC cell lines and patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids are inherently more sensitive to RNA damage. This difference held true in cell lines from other tissues in which 5-FU has shown clinical utility, whereas cell lines from tumor tissues that lack clinical 5-FU responsiveness typically showed greater sensitivity to the drug's DNA damage effects. Analysis of changes in the phosphoproteome and ubiquitinome shows RNA damage triggers the selective ubiquitination of multiple ribosomal proteins leading to autophagy-dependent rRNA catabolism and proteasome-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated ribosome proteins. Further, RNA damage response to 5-FU is selectively enhanced by compounds that promote ribosome biogenesis, such as KDM2A inhibitors. These results demonstrate the presence of a strong RNA damage response linked to apoptotic cell death, with clear utility of combinatorially targeting this response in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Kuei Chen
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Karl A. Merrick
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yi Wen Kong
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - George Eng
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Erika D. Handly
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jesse C. Patterson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ian G. Cannell
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lucia Suarez-Lopez
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aaron M. Hosios
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anh Dinh
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Kebing Yu
- Genentech Biotechnology company, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Jonathan M. Hernandez
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Haeun Hwangbo
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Computational Medicine Program, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adam C. Palmer
- Department of Pharmacology, Computational Medicine Program, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew G. Vander Heiden
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ömer H. Yilmaz
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael B. Yaffe
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Medical Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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6
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Ludikhuize MC, Gevers S, Nguyen NTB, Meerlo M, Roudbari SKS, Gulersonmez MC, Stigter ECA, Drost J, Clevers H, Burgering BMT, Rodríguez Colman MJ. Rewiring glucose metabolism improves 5-FU efficacy in p53-deficient/KRAS G12D glycolytic colorectal tumors. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1159. [PMID: 36316440 PMCID: PMC9622833 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the backbone for chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC), the response rates in patients is limited to 50%. The mechanisms underlying 5-FU toxicity are debated, limiting the development of strategies to improve its efficacy. How fundamental aspects of cancer, such as driver mutations and phenotypic heterogeneity, relate to the 5-FU response remains obscure. This largely relies on the limited number of studies performed in pre-clinical models able to recapitulate the key features of CRC. Here, we analyzed the 5-FU response in patient-derived organoids that reproduce the different stages of CRC. We find that 5-FU induces pyrimidine imbalance, which leads to DNA damage and cell death in the actively proliferating cancer cells deficient in p53. Importantly, p53-deficiency leads to cell death due to impaired cell cycle arrest. Moreover, we find that targeting the Warburg effect in KRASG12D glycolytic tumor organoids enhances 5-FU toxicity by further altering the nucleotide pool and, importantly, without affecting non-transformed WT cells. Thus, p53 emerges as an important factor in determining the 5-FU response, and targeting cancer metabolism in combination with replication stress-inducing chemotherapies emerges as a promising strategy for CRC treatment. In p53-deficient colorectal cancer organoids, 5-fluorouracil induces pyrimidine imbalance, which causes DNA damage and cell death. Rewiring glucose metabolism through PDK inhibition by DCA enhances 5-FU toxicity in glycolytic p53-deficient organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies C. Ludikhuize
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sira Gevers
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nguyen T. B. Nguyen
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike Meerlo
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S. Khadijeh Shafiei Roudbari
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M. Can Gulersonmez
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin C. A. Stigter
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jarno Drost
- grid.487647.ePrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.499559.dOncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- grid.487647.ePrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.499559.dOncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.418101.d0000 0001 2153 6865Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn M. T. Burgering
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands ,grid.418101.d0000 0001 2153 6865Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J. Rodríguez Colman
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
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7
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Mori R, Ukai J, Tokumaru Y, Niwa Y, Futamura M. The mechanism underlying resistance to 5‑fluorouracil and its reversal by the inhibition of thymidine phosphorylase in breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:311. [DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Mori
- Department of Breast Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501‑1194, Japan
| | - Junko Ukai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501‑1194, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tokumaru
- Department of Breast Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501‑1194, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Niwa
- Department of Breast Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501‑1194, Japan
| | - Manabu Futamura
- Department of Breast Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501‑1194, Japan
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8
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Yakita M, Chujo T, Wei FY, Hirayama M, Kato K, Takahashi N, Naganuma K, Nagata M, Kawahara K, Nakayama H, Tomizawa K. Extracellular N6 -isopentenyladenosine (i 6A) addition induces cotranscriptional i 6A incorporation into ribosomal RNAs. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 28:1013-1027. [PMID: 35414588 PMCID: PMC9202588 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079176.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
N6 -isopentenyladenosine (i6A), a modified adenosine monomer, is known to induce cell death upon its addition to the culture medium. However, the molecular fate of extracellularly added i6A has yet to be identified. Here we show that i6A addition to cell culture medium results in i6A incorporation into cellular RNA in several cell lines, including the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line FR2-SAS and its parental 5-FU-sensitive cell line SAS. i6A was predominantly incorporated into 18S and 28S rRNAs, and i6A incorporation into total RNA was mostly suppressed by treating these cell lines with an RNA polymerase I (Pol I) inhibitor. i6A was incorporated into RNA even upon inactivation of TRIT1, the only cellular i6A-modifying enzyme. These results indicate that upon cellular uptake of i6A, it is anabolized to be used for Pol I transcription. Interestingly, at lower i6A concentrations, the cytotoxic effect of i6A was substantially more pronounced in FR2-SAS cells than in SAS cells. Moreover, in FR2-SAS cells, i6A treatment decreased the rate of cellular protein synthesis and increased intracellular protein aggregation, and these effects were more pronounced than in SAS cells. Our work provides insights into the molecular fate of extracellularly applied i6A in the context of intracellular nucleic acid anabolism and suggests investigation of i6A as a candidate for a chemotherapy agent against 5-FU-resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Yakita
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takeshi Chujo
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Fan-Yan Wei
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Modomics Biology and Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mayumi Hirayama
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Koji Kato
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Nozomu Takahashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kenta Naganuma
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masashi Nagata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kenta Kawahara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tomizawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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9
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10
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Chalabi-Dchar M, Fenouil T, Machon C, Vincent A, Catez F, Marcel V, Mertani HC, Saurin JC, Bouvet P, Guitton J, Venezia ND, Diaz JJ. A novel view on an old drug, 5-fluorouracil: an unexpected RNA modifier with intriguing impact on cancer cell fate. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab032. [PMID: 34409299 PMCID: PMC8364333 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapeutic drug widely used to treat patients with solid tumours, such as colorectal and pancreatic cancers. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death and half of patients experience tumour recurrence. Used for over 60 years, 5-FU was long thought to exert its cytotoxic effects by altering DNA metabolism. However, 5-FU mode of action is more complex than previously anticipated since 5-FU is an extrinsic source of RNA modifications through its ability to be incorporated into most classes of RNA. In particular, a recent report highlighted that, by its integration into the most abundant RNA, namely ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 5-FU creates fluorinated active ribosomes and induces translational reprogramming. Here, we review the historical knowledge of 5-FU mode of action and discuss progress in the field of 5-FU-induced RNA modifications. The case of rRNA, the essential component of ribosome and translational activity, and the plasticity of which was recently associated with cancer, is highlighted. We propose that translational reprogramming, induced by 5-FU integration in ribosomes, contributes to 5-FU-driven cell plasticity and ultimately to relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounira Chalabi-Dchar
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Tanguy Fenouil
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Christelle Machon
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Anne Vincent
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Frédéric Catez
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Virginie Marcel
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Hichem C Mertani
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Saurin
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Philippe Bouvet
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Nicole Dalla Venezia
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Diaz
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
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11
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Principe DR, Underwood PW, Korc M, Trevino JG, Munshi HG, Rana A. The Current Treatment Paradigm for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Barriers to Therapeutic Efficacy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:688377. [PMID: 34336673 PMCID: PMC8319847 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.688377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dismal prognosis, with a median survival time of 10-12 months. Clinically, these poor outcomes are attributed to several factors, including late stage at the time of diagnosis impeding resectability, as well as multi-drug resistance. Despite the high prevalence of drug-resistant phenotypes, nearly all patients are offered chemotherapy leading to modest improvements in postoperative survival. However, chemotherapy is all too often associated with toxicity, and many patients elect for palliative care. In cases of inoperable disease, cytotoxic therapies are less efficacious but still carry the same risk of serious adverse effects, and clinical outcomes remain particularly poor. Here we discuss the current state of pancreatic cancer therapy, both surgical and medical, and emerging factors limiting the efficacy of both. Combined, this review highlights an unmet clinical need to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the poor therapeutic responses seen in patients with PDAC, in hopes of increasing drug efficacy, extending patient survival, and improving quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Principe
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Murray Korc
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jose G. Trevino
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Hidayatullah G. Munshi
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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12
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Béguin J, Kohlhauer M, Laloy E, Degorce F, Moreau B, Quéméneur É, Erbs P, Klonjkowski B, Maurey C. Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of repeated oral administration of 5-fluorocytosine in healthy dogs. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:220. [PMID: 34154593 PMCID: PMC8218522 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 5-fluorocytosine is a pyrimidine and a fluorinated cytosine analog mainly used as an antifungal agent. It is a precursor of 5-fluorouracil, which possesses anticancer properties. To reduce systemic toxicity of 5-fluorouracil during chemotherapy, 5- fluorocytosine can be used as a targeted anticancer agent. Expression of cytosine deaminase by a viral vector within a tumor allows targeted chemotherapy by converting 5-fluorocytosine into the cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil. However, little is known about the tolerance of 5-fluorocytosine in dogs after prolonged administration. Results In three healthy Beagle dogs receiving 100 mg/kg of 5-fluorocytosine twice daily for 14 days by oral route, non-compartmental pharmacokinetics revealed a terminal elimination half-life of 164.5 ± 22.5 min at day 1 and of 179.2 ± 11.5 min, after 7 days of administration. Clearance was significantly decreased between day 1 and day 7 with 0.386 ± 0.031 and 0.322 ± 0.027 ml/min/kg, respectively. Maximal plasma concentration values were below 100 µg/ml, which is considered within the therapeutic margin for human patients. 5-fluorouracil plasma concentration was below the limit of detection at all time points. The main adverse events consisted of depigmented, ulcerated, exudative, and crusty cutaneous lesions 10 to 13 days after beginning 5-fluorocytosine administration. The lesions were localized to the nasal planum, the lips, the eyelids, and the scrotum. Histological analyses were consistent with a cutaneous lupoid drug reaction. Complete healing was observed 15 to 21 days after cessation of 5-fluorocytosine. No biochemical or hematological adverse events were noticed. Conclusions Long term administration of 5-fluorocytosine was associated with cutaneous toxicity in healthy dogs. It suggests that pharmacotherapy should be adjusted to reduce the toxicity of 5-fluorocytosine in targeted chemotherapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02927-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Béguin
- UMR Virologie, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France. .,Department of Internal Medicine, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France. .,Transgene, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Matthias Kohlhauer
- U955 - IMRB Inserm, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UPEC, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.,Pharmacology-Toxicology Unit, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Eve Laloy
- Anatomical Pathology Unit, Biopôle Alfort, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Frédérique Degorce
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique Vétérinaire du Sud-Ouest, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Erbs
- Transgene, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernard Klonjkowski
- UMR Virologie, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Christelle Maurey
- Department of Internal Medicine, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
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13
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LncRNA SNORD3A specifically sensitizes breast cancer cells to 5-FU by sponging miR-185-5p to enhance UMPS expression. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:329. [PMID: 32382150 PMCID: PMC7205983 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer type in women. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported as potential new diagnostic markers, prognostic factors, and therapeutic targets in cancer. However, the specific roles and mechanisms of lncRNAs in breast cancer remain to be elucidated. Here we demonstrated the downregulation of lncRNA SNORD3A in breast cancer cells and tissues and verified its non-protein-coding property. SNORD3A overexpression had no effect on cell proliferation but specifically sensitized breast cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SNORD3A exerts its effect via enhancing uridine monophosphate synthetase (UMPS) protein expression. SNORD3A acts as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-185-5p, leading to UMPS protein upregulation. miR-185-5p overexpression disrupted the effect of SNORD3A on chemosensitization to 5-FU in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Meis1 overexpression transcriptionally promotes SNORD3A expression, and Meis1 is downregulated in breast cancer cells and tissues. In breast cancer tissues, SNORD3A level positively correlates with Meis1 and UMPS protein levels, whereas miR-185-5p level negatively correlates with UMPS protein level. High SNORD3A transcript and Meis1 and UMPS protein levels predicts a better outcome, but high miR-185-5p level predicts a worse outcome in breast cancer patients receiving 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Our findings indicate that Meis1-regulated SNORD3A specifically sensitizes breast cancer cells to 5-FU via enhancing UMPS expression. The SNORD3A–UMPS axis may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target to improve the efficacy of 5-FU-based chemotherapy for breast cancer patients.
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14
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Hussain S. On a New Proposed Mechanism of 5-Fluorouracil-Mediated Cytotoxicity. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:365-368. [PMID: 32348733 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The major molecular mode of action of the cytotoxic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is generally considered to result from thymidylate synthase inhibition. Recent findings relating to the function of the human uracil-5 methyltransferase (U5MT), TRMT2A, and its interaction with 5-FU metabolites incorporated within tRNAs, lead to an additional hypothesis that is proposed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobbir Hussain
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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15
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Schcolnik-Cabrera A, Juárez M, Oldak B, Cruz-Rivera M, Flisser A, Dueñas-González A, Buzoianu-Anguiano V, Orozco-Suarez S, Mendlovic F. In Vitro Employment of Recombinant Taenia solium Calreticulin as a Novel Strategy Against Breast and Ovarian Cancer Stem-like Cells. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:65-75. [PMID: 32097797 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Calreticulin is a chaperone and master regulator of intracellular calcium homeostasis. Several additional functions have been discovered. Human and parasite calreticulin have been shown to suppress mammary tumor growth in vivo. Here, we explored the capacity of recombinant Taenia solium calreticulin (rTsCRT) to modulate cancer cell growth in vitro. METHODS We used different concentrations of rTsCRT to treat cancer cell lines and analyzed viability and colony formation capacity. We also tested the combination of the IC20 or IC50 doses of rTsCRT and of the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil on MCF7 and SKOV3 cell lines. As a control, the non-tumorigenic cell line MCF10-A was employed. The effect of the drug combinations was also assessed in cancer stem-like cells. Additionally, scavenger receptor ligands were employed to identify the role of this receptor in the rTsCRT anti-tumoral effect. RESULTS rTsCRT has a dose-dependent in vitro anti-tumoral effect, being SKOV3 the most sensitive cell line followed by MCF7. When rTsCRT/5-fluorouracil were used, MCF7 and SKOV3 showed a 60% reduction in cell viability; colony formation capacity was also diminished. Treatment of cancer stem-like cells from MCF7 showed a higher reduction in cell viability, while those from SKOV3 were more sensitive to colony disaggregation. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of the scavenger receptor, abrogated the reduction in viability induced by rTsCRT in both the parental and stem-like cells. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that rTsCRT alone or in combination with 5-fluorouracil inhibits the growth of breast and ovarian cancer cell lines through its interaction with scavenger receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mandy Juárez
- División de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Bernardo Oldak
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Mayra Cruz-Rivera
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana Flisser
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Dueñas-González
- División de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Vinnitsa Buzoianu-Anguiano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades CMN Siglo XXI, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sandra Orozco-Suarez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades CMN Siglo XXI, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fela Mendlovic
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan, Estado de México, Mexico.
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16
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Carter JM, Emmett W, Mozos IR, Kotter A, Helm M, Ule J, Hussain S. FICC-Seq: a method for enzyme-specified profiling of methyl-5-uridine in cellular RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:e113. [PMID: 31361898 PMCID: PMC6821191 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl-5-uridine (m5U) is one the most abundant non-canonical bases present in cellular RNA, and in yeast is found at position U54 of tRNAs where modification is catalysed by the methyltransferase Trm2. Although the mammalian enzymes that catalyse m5U formation are yet to be identified via experimental evidence, based on sequence homology to Trm2, two candidates currently exist, TRMT2A and TRMT2B. Here we developed a genome-wide single-nucleotide resolution mapping method, Fluorouracil-Induced-Catalytic-Crosslinking-Sequencing (FICC-Seq), in order to identify the relevant enzymatic targets. We demonstrate that TRMT2A is responsible for the majority of m5U present in human RNA, and that it commonly targets U54 of cytosolic tRNAs. By comparison to current methods, we show that FICC-Seq is a particularly robust method for accurate and reliable detection of relevant enzymatic target sites. Our associated finding of extensive irreversible TRMT2A-tRNA crosslinking in vivo following 5-Fluorouracil exposure is also intriguing, as it suggests a tangible mechanism for a previously suspected RNA-dependent route of Fluorouracil-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Carter
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Warren Emmett
- The Francis-Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.,University College London Genetics Institute, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Igor Rdl Mozos
- The Francis-Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.,Department for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Annika Kotter
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mark Helm
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jernej Ule
- The Francis-Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.,Department for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Shobbir Hussain
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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17
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Park DS, Robertson-Tessi M, Luddy KA, Maini PK, Bonsall MB, Gatenby RA, Anderson ARA. The Goldilocks Window of Personalized Chemotherapy: Getting the Immune Response Just Right. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5302-5315. [PMID: 31387920 PMCID: PMC6801094 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is a robust and often untapped accomplice of many standard cancer therapies. A majority of tumors exist in a state of immune tolerance where the patient's immune system has become insensitive to the cancer cells. Because of its lymphodepleting effects, chemotherapy has the potential to break this tolerance. To investigate this, we created a mathematical modeling framework of tumor-immune dynamics. Our results suggest that optimal chemotherapy scheduling must balance two opposing objectives: maximizing tumor reduction while preserving patient immune function. Successful treatment requires therapy to operate in a "Goldilocks Window" where patient immune health is not overly compromised. By keeping therapy "just right," we show that the synergistic effects of immune activation and chemotherapy can maximize tumor reduction and control. SIGNIFICANCE: To maximize the synergy between chemotherapy and antitumor immune response, lymphodepleting therapy must be balanced in a "Goldilocks Window" of optimal dosing.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/20/5302/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek S Park
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mark Robertson-Tessi
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kimberly A Luddy
- Comparative Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Philip K Maini
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert A Gatenby
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Alexander R A Anderson
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
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18
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Sharma V, Gupta SK, Verma M. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the metabolism of the anticancer drugs. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:1157-1166. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03936-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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19
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Ulrych A, Petráčková D, Goldová J, Buriánková K, Doubravová L, Branny P. PynA is a pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase that functions as an antimutator protein in Streptococcus pneumoniae. FEBS J 2019; 287:267-283. [PMID: 31437335 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive bacterium that is a major agent of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis. Although the mismatch repair function of S. pneumoniae has been assigned to the hexA-hexB gene products, an enzyme capable of the direct elimination of noncanonical nucleotides from the cytoplasm has not been described for this bacterium. Our results show that Spr1057, a protein with previously unknown function, is involved in the inactivation of mutagenic pyrimidine nucleotides and was accordingly designated PynA (pyrimidine nucleotidase A). Biochemical assays confirmed the phosphatase activity of the recombinant enzyme and revealed its metal ion dependence for optimal enzyme activity. We demonstrated that PynA forms a homodimer with higher in vitro activity towards noncanonical 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine monophosphate than towards canonical thymidine monophosphate. Furthermore, we showed via in vivo assays that PynA protects cells against noncanonical pyrimidine derivatives such as 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine and prevents the incorporation of the potentially mutagenic 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (5-BrdU) into DNA. Fluctuation analysis performed under S. pneumoniae exposure to 5-BrdU revealed that the pynA null strain accumulates random mutations with high frequency, resulting in a 30-fold increase in the mutation rate. The data support a model in which PynA, a protein conserved in other Gram-positive bacteria, functions as a house-cleaning enzyme by selectively eliminating noncanonical nucleotides and maintaining the purity of dNTP pools, similar to the YjjG protein described for Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Ulrych
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Petráčková
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Goldová
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Buriánková
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Doubravová
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Branny
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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20
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The inhibition of thymidine phosphorylase can reverse acquired 5FU-resistance in gastric cancer cells. Gastric Cancer 2019; 22:497-505. [PMID: 30276573 PMCID: PMC6476841 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-018-0881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5FU can be converted to its active metabolite fluoro-deoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) through two pathways: the orotate phosphoribosyl transferase-ribonucleotide reductase (OPRT-RR) pathway and the thymidine phosphorylase-thymidine kinase (TP-TK) pathway. We investigated the mechanism underlying 5FU-resistance, focusing on the changes in the 5FU metabolisms. METHODS MKN45 and 5FU-resistant MKN45/F2R cells were treated with 5FU or fluoro-deoxyuridine (FdU) in combination with hydroxyurea (HU) or tipiracil (TPI). The amount of FdUMP was determined by the density of the upper band of thymidylate synthase on Western blotting. RESULTS The MKN45/F2R cells exhibited 5FU resistance (37.1-fold) and showed decreased OPRT and increased TP levels. In both cells, the FdUMP after treatment with 5FU was decreased when RR was inhibited by HU but not when TP was inhibited by TPI. A metabolome analysis revealed the loss of intracellular deoxyribose 1-phosphate (dR1P) in both cells, indicating that FdUMP was synthesized from 5FU only through the OPRT-RR pathway because of the loss of dR1P. After the knockdown of TK, the FdUMP after treatment with FdU was decreased in MKN45 cells. However, it was not changed in MKN45/F2R cells. Furthermore, TP inhibition caused an increase in FdUMP after treatment with 5FU or FdU and reversed the 5FU resistance in MKN45/F2R cells, indicating that FdUMP was reduced through the TP-TK pathway in MKN45/F2R cells. CONCLUSIONS In MKN45/F2R cells, the reduction of FdUMP through the TP-TK pathway caused 5FU resistance, and the inhibition of TP reversed the resistance to 5FU, suggesting that the combination of 5FU and TPI is a promising cancer therapy.
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21
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Stringer JM, Swindells EOK, Zerafa N, Liew SH, Hutt KJ. Multidose 5-Fluorouracil is Highly Toxic to Growing Ovarian Follicles in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2018; 166:97-107. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Stringer
- Ovarian Biology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Elyse O K Swindells
- Ovarian Biology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nadeen Zerafa
- Ovarian Biology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Seng H Liew
- Ovarian Biology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Karla J Hutt
- Ovarian Biology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Jorge AF, Aviñó A, Pais AACC, Eritja R, Fàbrega C. DNA-based nanoscaffolds as vehicles for 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine oligomers in colorectal cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:7238-7249. [PMID: 29632908 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08442k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluoropyrimidines, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and related prodrugs, are considered one of the most successful agents in the treatment of colorectal cancer, yet poor specificity and tumor cell resistance remain the major limiting bottlenecks. Here, we exploited for the first time the ability of two DNA nanoscaffolds, a DNA tetrahedron (Td) and rectangle DNA origami, to incorporate 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUn) oligomers. In addition, cholesterol moieties were synthetically attached to Td and DNA origami staples to enhance cellular uptake. DNA nanostructures functionalized with FdUn exhibited an enhanced cytotoxicity and higher ability to trigger apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells relative to conventional 5-FU and FdU, especially having cholesterol as an internalization helper. The cholesterol content mostly correlates with the increase of the FdUn nanostructure cytotoxicity. DNA nanoscaffolds bearing FdUn were able to circumvent the low sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells towards 5-FU. Both DNA nanostructures attained a comparable cytotoxic effect yet Td displays higher antiproliferative action. The ability to reduce the proliferation of cancer cells is mainly related to the concentration of DNA nanostructures. The present work suggests that self-assembled DNA nanoparticles are privileged vehicles for delivering fluoropyrimidines, opening new avenues to the development of promising therapeutics for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Jorge
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Translational reprogramming of colorectal cancer cells induced by 5-fluorouracil through a miRNA-dependent mechanism. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46219-46233. [PMID: 28515355 PMCID: PMC5542262 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug in colorectal cancer. Previous studies showed that 5-FU modulates RNA metabolism and mRNA expression. In addition, it has been reported that 5-FU incorporates into the RNAs constituting the translational machinery and that 5-FU affects the amount of some mRNAs associated with ribosomes. However, the impact of 5-FU on translational regulation remains unclear. Using translatome profiling, we report that a clinically relevant dose of 5-FU induces a translational reprogramming in colorectal cancer cell lines. Comparison of mRNA distribution between polysomal and non-polysomal fractions in response to 5-FU treatment using microarray quantification identified 313 genes whose translation was selectively regulated. These regulations were mostly stimulatory (91%). Among these genes, we showed that 5-FU increases the mRNA translation of HIVEP2, which encodes a transcription factor whose translation in normal condition is known to be inhibited by mir-155. In response to 5-FU, the expression of mir-155 decreases thus stimulating the translation of HIVEP2 mRNA. Interestingly, the 5-FU-induced increase in specific mRNA translation was associated with reduction of global protein synthesis. Altogether, these findings indicate that 5-FU promotes a translational reprogramming leading to the increased translation of a subset of mRNAs that involves at least for some of them, miRNA-dependent mechanisms. This study supports a still poorly evaluated role of translational control in drug response.
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24
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Tissue transport affects how treatment scheduling increases the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. J Theor Biol 2018; 438:21-33. [PMID: 29066114 PMCID: PMC9909584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A method to predict the effect of tissue transport on the scheduling of chemotherapeutic treatment could increase efficacy. Many drugs with desirable pharmacokinetic properties fail in vivo due to poor transport through tissue. To predict the effect of treatment schedule on drug efficacy we developed an in silico method that integrates diffusion through tissue and cell binding into a pharmacokinetic model. The model was evaluated with an array of theoretical drugs that had different rates of diffusivity, binding, and clearance. The efficacy of each drug, quantified as the fraction of cells killed, was calculated for twenty dosage schedules. Simulations showed that efficacy strongly depended on tissue transport, with a range of 0.00 to 99.99%, despite each drug having equal plasma areas under the curve (AUC). For most drugs, schedules that increased exposure also increased efficacy. Drugs with fast clearance benefited the most from increasing the number of doses and this was most effective for those with intermediary binding. All drugs with slow diffusivity were ineffective. For a subset of drugs, increasing the number of doses decreased efficacy. This phenomenon was unexpected because, when considering uptake into tissue, sustained plasma levels from multiple doses are generally assumed to be more effective. This counterintuitive decrease in efficacy was caused by drug retention within tumor tissue. These results established a set of rules that suggests how transport parameters affect the efficacy of drugs at different schedules. The two most predominant rules are (1) multiple doses improve efficacy for drugs with fast clearance, fast diffusivity and low to intermediate cell binding; and (2) one dose is most effective for drugs with slow clearance, slow diffusivity or strong cell binding. Understanding the role of tissue transport when determining drug treatment schedules would improve the outcome of preclinical animal experiments and early clinical trials.
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25
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5-Fluorouracil Treatment Alters the Efficiency of Translational Recoding. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8110295. [PMID: 29088058 PMCID: PMC5704208 DOI: 10.3390/genes8110295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapeutic agent that has been extensively studied since its initial development in the 1950s. It has been suggested that the mechanism of action of 5-FU involves both DNA- and RNA-directed processes, but this has remained controversial. In this study, using a series of in vivo reporter constructs capable of measuring translational recoding, we demonstrate that cells exposed to 5-FU display a reduced capacity to engage in a variety of translational recoding events, including +1 programmed frameshifting (PRF) and −1 PRF. In addition, 5-FU-treated cells are much less accurate at stop codon recognition, resulting in a significant increase in stop codon-readthrough. Remarkably, while the efficiency of cap-dependent translation appears to be unaffected by 5-FU, 5-FU-treated cells display a decreased ability to initiate cap-independent translation. We further show that knockdown of thymidylate synthase, an enzyme believed to be at the center of 5-FU-induced DNA damage, has no effect on the observed alterations in translational recoding. On the other hand, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) pseudouridylation, which plays an important role in translational recoding, is significantly inhibited. Taken together, our results suggest that the observed effect of 5-FU on recoding is an RNA-directed effect. Our results are the first to show definitely and quantitatively that translational recoding is affected by exposure to 5-FU. Thus, it is possible that a substantial portion of 5-FU cytotoxicity might possibly be the result of alterations in translational recoding efficiency.
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Mori R, Futamura M, Tanahashi T, Tanaka Y, Matsuhashi N, Yamaguchi K, Yoshida K. 5FU resistance caused by reduced fluoro-deoxyuridine monophosphate and its reversal using deoxyuridine. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3162-3168. [PMID: 28927061 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) resistance was investigated, focusing on the level of thymidylate synthase (TS) ternary complex formed with fluoro-deoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP). MKN45 and 5FU-resistant MKN45/F2R cells were treated with 5FU and fluoro-deoxyuridine (FdU) in combination with deoxyuridine (dU) and thymidine (dT). Subsequently, the levels of ternary complex were determined by western blotting and the cell viability was calculated using an MTT assay. MKN45/F2R cells exhibited 5FU resistance (56.2-fold relative to MKN45 cells), and demonstrated decreased orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) and increased TS levels, requiring a higher concentration of 5FU to induce ternary complex formation than MKN45 cells. Following transfection of small interfering RNA against OPRT, MKN45 exhibited increased resistance to 5FU and decreased ternary complex formation subsequent to treatment with 5FU, indicating that decreased OPRT led to increased 5FU resistance. However, MKN45/F2R also exhibited resistance to FdU, which can be converted to FdUMP without OPRT, and there was decreased ternary complex formation after treatment with FdU, indicating that the 5FU-resistant cells had the ability to decrease intracellular FdUMP. The addition of dU and thymidine dT to 5FU promoted the formation of ternary complexes and reversed 5FU resistance in MKN45/F2R cells, although dT inhibited the efficacy of raltitrexed (another TS inhibitor). These results suggested that 5FU-resistant cells had the ability to reduce intracellular FdUMP irrespective of decreased OPRT, which led to resistance to 5FU. This resistance was then inhibited by treatment with dT or dU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Mori
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Manabu Futamura
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Tanahashi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Nobuhisha Matsuhashi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamaguchi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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27
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Treatment of colon cancer cells with 5-fluorouracil can improve the effectiveness of RNA-transfected antitumor dendritic cell vaccine. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:561-568. [PMID: 28586072 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-cytotoxic concentrations of selected chemotherapeutic agents amplify the antigen presentation capacity of dendritic cells (DCs) and are able to increase the immunogenicity of the colon cancer cell lineage HCT‑116, as previously demonstrated by our group. Since this functional alteration was associated with changes in gene expression, we aimed to evaluate whether transcriptional changes of tumor cells can be transferred to DCs, increasing their ability to induce a specific antitumor response. Therefore, HCT‑116 cells were treated with two different concentrations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and their total RNA was transfected into human monocyte-derived DC, which function was evaluated through their ability to stimulate the proliferation of normal allogeneic T lymphocytes (MLR), and to generate cytolytic T cells. The transfected DCs demonstrated an increased percentage of CD83+, HLA-DR+, CD80+ and CD86+ cells. These phenotypical changes were followed by functional improvement demonstrated by the increased capacity of these DC to induce allogeneic T cell proliferation and to generate specific anti-HCT‑116 cytolytic T cells, as demonstrated by IFN-γ production following in vitro challenge with tumor cells. Our results allow us to conclude that treatment of tumor cells with a non-toxic concentration of 5-FU induces immunogenic changes that are transferred to DC by transfection of total RNA.
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28
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A novel nanogel delivery of poly-α, β-polyasparthydrazide by reverse microemulsion and its redox-responsive release of 5-Fluorouridine. Asian J Pharm Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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29
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5-Fluorouracil-induced RNA stress engages a TRAIL-DISC-dependent apoptosis axis facilitated by p53. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43679-97. [PMID: 26544897 PMCID: PMC4791259 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in targeted therapeutics, administration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) remains a common clinical strategy for post-surgical treatment of solid tumors. Although it has been proposed that RNA metabolism is disturbed by 5-FU treatment, the key cytotoxic response is believed to be enzymatic inhibition of thymidylate synthase resulting in nucleotide pool disproportions. An operating p53 tumor suppressor signaling network is in many cases essential for the efficiency of chemotherapy, and malfunctions within this system remain a clinical obstacle. Since the fate of chemotherapy-insensitive tumor cells is rarely described, we performed a comparative analysis of 5-FU toxicity in p53-deficient cells and conclude that p53 acts as a facilitator rather than a gatekeeper of cell death. Although p53 can act as a regulator of several cellular stress responses, no rerouting of cell death mode was observed in absence of the tumor suppressor. Thus, the final death outcome of 5-FU-treated p53−/− cells is demonstrated to be caspase-dependent, but due to a slow pace, accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species contributes to necrotic characteristics. The oligomerization status of the p53 target gene DR5 is determined as a significant limiting factor for the initiation of caspase activity in an intracellular TRAIL-dependent manner. Using several experimental approaches, we further conclude that RNA- rather than DNA-related stress follows by caspase activation irrespectively of p53 status. A distinct 5-FU-induced stress mechanism is thereby functionally connected to a successive and discrete cell death signaling pathway. Finally, we provide evidence that silencing of PARP-1 function may be an approach to specifically target p53-deficient cells in 5-FU combinatorial treatment strategies. Together, our results disclose details of impaired cell death signaling engaged as a consequence of 5-FU chemotherapy. Obtained data will contribute to the comprehension of factors restraining 5-FU efficiency, and by excluding DNA as the main stress target in some cell types they propose alternatives to currently used and suggested synergistic treatment regimens.
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Melvin RL, Gmeiner WH, Salsbury FR. All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Reveals Mechanism of Zinc Complexation with Therapeutic F10. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:10269-10279. [PMID: 27606431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b07753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Advancing the use of therapeutic nucleic acids requires understanding the chemical and structural properties that allow these polymers to promote the death of malignant cells. Here we explore Zn2+ complexation by the fluoropyrimidine polymer F10, which has strong activities in multiple preclinical models of cancer. Delivery of fluoropyrimidine FdUMP in the 10-residue polymer F10 rather than the nucleobase (5-fluorouracil) allows consideration of metal ion binding effects on drug delivery. The differences in metal ion interactions with fluoropyrimidine compared to normal DNA results in conformation changes that affect protein binding, cell uptake, and codelivery of metals such as zinc, and the cytoxicity thereof. Microsecond-time-scale, all-atom simulations of F10 predict that zinc selectively stabilizes the polymer via interactions with backbone phosphate groups and suggest a mechanism of complexation for the zinc-base interactions shown in previous experimental work. The positive zinc ions are attracted to the negatively charged phosphate groups. Once the Zn2+ ions are near F10, they cause the base's N3 nitrogen to deprotonate. Subsequently, magnesium atoms displace zinc from their interactions with phosphate, freeing the zinc ions to interact with the FdU bases by forming weak interactions with the O4 oxygen and the fluorine attached to C5. These interactions of magnesium with phosphate groups and zinc with nucleobases agree with previous experimental results and are seen in MD simulations only when magnesium is introduced after N3 deprotonation, indicating a specific order of metal binding events. Additionally, we predict interactions between zinc and F10's O2 atoms, which were not previously observed. By comparison to 10mers of polyU and polydT, we also predict that the presence of fluorine increases the binding affinity of zinc to F10 relative to analogous strands of RNA and DNA consisting of only native nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Melvin
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - William H Gmeiner
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Freddie R Salsbury
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
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31
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Negrei C, Hudita A, Ginghina O, Galateanu B, Voicu SN, Stan M, Costache M, Fenga C, Drakoulis N, Tsatsakis AM. Colon Cancer Cells Gene Expression Signature As Response to 5- Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, and Folinic Acid Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:172. [PMID: 27445811 PMCID: PMC4917556 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
5-FU cytotoxicity mechanism has been assigned both to the miss-incorporation of fluoronucleotides into RNA and DNA and to the inhibition of thymidylate synthase. 5-FU is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs, although it has severe side effects that may vary between patients. Pharmacogenetic studies related to 5-FU have been traditionally focused on the rate-limiting catabolic enzyme, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase that breaks 80–85% of 5-FU into its inactive metabolite. Choosing the right dosing scheme and chemotherapy strategy for each individual patient remains challenging for personalized chemotherapy management. In the general effort toward reduction of colorectal cancer mortality, in vitro screening studies play a very important role. To accelerate translation research, increasing interest has been focused on using in vivo-like models such as three-dimensional spheroids. The development of higher throughput assays to quantify phenotypic changes in spheroids is an active research area. Consequently, in this study we used the microarray technology to reveal the HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells gene expression signature as response to 5-FU/OXP/FA treatment in a state of the art 3D culture system. We report here an increased reactive oxygen species production under treatment, correlated with a decrease in cell viability and proliferation potential. With respect to the HT-29 cells gene expression under the treatment with 5-FU/OXP/FA, we found 15.247 genes that were significantly differentially expressed (p < 0.05) with a fold change higher that two-fold. Among these, 7136 genes were upregulated and 8111 genes were downregulated under experimental conditions as compared to untreated cells. The most relevant and statistic significant (p < 0.01) pathways in the experiment are associated with the genes that displayed significant differential expression and are related to intracellular signaling, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Negrei
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ariana Hudita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octav Ginghina
- Department of Surgery, "Sf. Ioan" Clinical Emergency HospitalBucharest, Romania; Department II, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharest, Romania
| | - Bianca Galateanu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorina Nicoleta Voicu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest Bucharest, Romania
| | - Miriana Stan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest Bucharest, Romania
| | - Concettina Fenga
- Occupational Medicine Section, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Drakoulis
- Research Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete Heraklion, Greece
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32
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Competitive binding of anticancer drugs 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide with serum albumin: Calorimetric insights. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:917-929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Jin Y, Jiang Z, Guan X, Chen Y, Tang Q, Wang G, Wang X. miR-450b-5p Suppresses Stemness and the Development of Chemoresistance by Targeting SOX2 in Colorectal Cancer. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:249-56. [PMID: 26845645 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.3120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghu Jin
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Guan
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yinggang Chen
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingchao Tang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guiyu Wang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xishan Wang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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34
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Sierra-Martin B, Fernandez-Barbero A. Multifunctional hybrid nanogels for theranostic applications. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:8205-8216. [PMID: 26371991 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01789k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews a wide set of theranostic applications based on the special properties associated with composite nanogels. The nanogels presented here are mostly hybridized with quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles, and plasmonic metal noble nanoparticles. These inorganic components confer nanogels multifunctional properties that extend their applications from drug delivery systems to diagnosis and therapy. Nanogels can also be surface functionalized with specific ligands to achieve targeted therapy and reduce toxicity. This versatility makes hybrid nanogels very promising agents for imaging, diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sierra-Martin
- Applied Physics Section, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain.
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Lenz HJ, Stintzing S, Loupakis F. TAS-102, a novel antitumor agent: a review of the mechanism of action. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:777-83. [PMID: 26428513 PMCID: PMC4624296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of nucleoside metabolism is an important principle in cancer therapy as evidenced by the role of fluoropyrimidines, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and antifolates in the treatment of many cancers. TAS-102 is an oral combination therapy consisting of trifluridine (FTD), a thymidine-based nucleoside analog, plus tipiracil hydrochloride (TPI), a novel thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor that improves the bioavailability of FTD. TAS-102 has demonstrated efficacy in 5-FU-refractory patients based on a different mechanism of action and has been approved for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer in Japan. This review describes the mechanism of action of TAS-102, highlighting key differences between TAS-102 and 5-FU-based therapies. While both FTD and 5-FU inhibit thymidylate synthase (TS), a central enzyme in DNA synthesis, sufficient TS inhibition by FTD requires continuous infusion; therefore, it is not considered a clinically relevant mechanism with oral dosing. Instead, the primary cytotoxic mechanism with twice-daily oral dosing, the schedule used in TAS-102 clinical development, is DNA incorporation. FTD incorporation into DNA induces DNA dysfunction, including DNA strand breaks. Uracil-based analogs such as 5-FU may also be incorporated into DNA; however, they are immediately cleaved off by uracil-DNA glycosylases, reducing their ability to damage DNA. Moreover, the TPI component may enhance the durability of response to FTD. With its distinct mechanism of action and metabolism, TAS-102 is a promising treatment option for patients resistant to or intolerant of 5-FU-based fluoropyrimidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz-Josef Lenz
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, NOR 3456, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9173, United States.
| | - Sebastian Stintzing
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Grosshadern, University of Munich (LMU), Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Fotios Loupakis
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Via Taddeo Alderotti 26/N, 50139 Firenze, Italy.
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Mojardín L, Botet J, Moreno S, Salas M. Chromosome segregation and organization are targets of 5'-Fluorouracil in eukaryotic cells. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:206-18. [PMID: 25483073 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.974425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimetabolite 5'-Fluorouracil (5FU) is an analog of uracil commonly employed as a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of a range of cancers including colorectal tumors. To assess the cellular effects of 5FU, we performed a genome-wide screening of the haploid deletion library of the eukaryotic model Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Our analysis validated previously characterized drug targets including RNA metabolism, but it also revealed unexpected mechanisms of action associated with chromosome segregation and organization (post-translational histone modification, histone exchange, heterochromatin). Further analysis showed that 5FU affects the heterochromatin structure (decreased levels of histone H3 lysine 9 methylation) and silencing (down-regulation of heterochromatic dg/dh transcripts). To our knowledge, this is the first time that defects in heterochromatin have been correlated with increased cytotoxicity to an anticancer drug. Moreover, the segregation of chromosomes, a process that requires an intact heterochromatin at centromeres, was impaired after drug exposure. These defects could be related to the induction of genes involved in chromatid cohesion and kinetochore assembly. Interestingly, we also observed that thiabendazole, a microtubule-destabilizing agent, synergistically enhanced the cytotoxic effects of 5FU. These findings point to new targets and drug combinations that could potentiate the effectiveness of 5FU-based treatments.
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Key Words
- 5FU, 5′-Fluorouracil, 5FU
- 5′-Fluorouracil
- Anticancer drug
- CENP-A, centromere-associated protein A
- CLRC, Clr4 methyltransferase complex
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- FUTP, fluorouridine triphosphate
- FdUMP, fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate
- FdUTP, fluorodeoxyuridine triphosphate
- G1 phase, gap 1 phase of cell cycle
- GO, Gene Ontology
- H3K9me, H3 lysine 9 methylation
- HAT, histone acetyltransferase
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HMT, histone methyltransferase
- HP1, heterochromatin protein 1
- HULC, histone H2B ubiquitin ligase complex
- MNAse, micrococcal nuclease
- RDRC, RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex
- RITS, RNA-induced transcriptional silencing
- RNAi, interference RNA
- S phase, synthesis phase of cell cycle
- Schizosaccharomyces pombe
- TBZ, thiabendazole
- centromere
- chromosome organization
- chromosome segregation
- cnt, central core
- dsRNA, double-stranded RNA
- heterochromatin
- histone modification
- imr, innermost repeats
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mojardín
- a Instituto de Biología Molecular "Eladio Viñuela" (CSIC), Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-Universidad Autónoma) ; Cantoblanco , Madrid , Spain
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Abstract
Chemotherapy is a general treatment option for various cancers, including lung cancer. In order to find compounds with superior bioactivity and less toxicity against lung cancer, novel spin-labeled 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) derivatives (3a-f) were synthesized and evaluated against four human tumor cell lines (A-549, DU-145, KB, and KBvin). Two promising compounds 3d and 3f exhibited IC50 values of 2.76 and 2.38 μM, respectively, against non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line A-549. These compounds were twofold more cytotoxic than 5-FU and less toxic against other tested cell lines. Compound 3f exhibited seven times more selective cytotoxicity against A-549 than 5-FU. Our results suggest that compounds 3d and 3f merit further investigation for development into clinical trial candidates for non-small cell lung cancer.
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Kaehler C, Isensee J, Hucho T, Lehrach H, Krobitsch S. 5-Fluorouracil affects assembly of stress granules based on RNA incorporation. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:6436-47. [PMID: 24728989 PMCID: PMC4041438 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil is a widely used chemotherapeutic for the treatment of several solid cancers. However, resistance to 5-fluorouracil remains a major drawback in its clinical use. In this study we report that treatment of HeLa cells with 5-fluorouracil resulted in de novo assembly of stress granules. Moreover, we revealed that stress granule assembly under stress conditions as well as disassembly is altered in cells treated with 5-fluorouracil. Notably, we discovered that RACK1, a protein mediating cell survival and apoptosis, is a component of 5-fluorouracil-induced stress granules. To explore the mode of action of 5-fluorouracil accountable for de novo stress granule assembly, we analyzed 5-fluorouracil metabolites and noticed that stress granule assembly is caused by RNA, not DNA incorporating 5-fluorouracil metabolites. Interestingly, we observed that other RNA incorporating drugs also cause assembly of stress granules. Thus, our results suggest that incorporation of chemotherapeutics into RNA may result in stress granule assembly with potential significance in chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kaehler
- Otto Warburg Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Isensee
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany University Hospital Cologne, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Experimental Anesthesiology and Pain Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Hucho
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany University Hospital Cologne, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Experimental Anesthesiology and Pain Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans Lehrach
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany Dahlem Centre for Genome Research and Medical Systems Biology, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia Krobitsch
- Otto Warburg Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Mojardín L, Botet J, Quintales L, Moreno S, Salas M. New insights into the RNA-based mechanism of action of the anticancer drug 5'-fluorouracil in eukaryotic cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78172. [PMID: 24223771 PMCID: PMC3815194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is a chemotherapeutic drug widely used in treating a range of advanced, solid tumours and, in particular, colorectal cancer. Here, we used high-density tiling DNA microarray technology to obtain the specific transcriptome-wide response induced by 5FU in the eukaryotic model Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This approach combined with real-time quantitative PCR analysis allowed us to detect splicing defects of a significant number of intron-containing mRNA, in addition to identify some rRNA and tRNA processing defects after 5FU treatment. Interestingly, our studies also revealed that 5FU specifically induced the expression of certain genes implicated in the processing of mRNA, tRNA and rRNA precursors, and in the post-transcriptional modification of uracil residues in RNA. The transcription of several tRNA genes was also significantly induced after drug exposure. These transcriptional changes might represent a cellular response mechanism to counteract 5FU damage since deletion strains for some of these up-regulated genes were hypersensitive to 5FU. Moreover, most of these RNA processing genes have human orthologs that participate in conserved pathways, suggesting that they could be novel targets to improve the efficacy of 5FU-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mojardín
- Instituto de Biología Molecular “Eladio Viñuela” (CSIC), Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (LM); (MS)
| | - Javier Botet
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis Quintales
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sergio Moreno
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Margarita Salas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular “Eladio Viñuela” (CSIC), Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (LM); (MS)
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McWhirter D, Kitteringham N, Jones RP, Malik H, Park K, Palmer D. Chemotherapy induced hepatotoxicity in metastatic colorectal cancer: a review of mechanisms and outcomes. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 88:404-15. [PMID: 23786843 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains one of the most common cancers worldwide. The treatment of metastatic disease has advanced considerably in the past 10 years both in terms of surgical technique and development of novel chemotherapeutic agents. The widespread use of multiple chemotherapeutic agents has lead to recognition of distinct patterns of hepatotoxicity associated with specific drugs. These side-effects have potential implications for both the patient and medical professional, but the underlying mechanisms involved in these conditions remains poorly understood. This review explores the mechanisms of action of the commonly used chemotherapeutic agents and the potential mechanisms for their hepatotoxicity. It is important that all medical professionals involved in the management of metastatic colorectal cancer understand the problems of hepatotoxicity and the impact they have on the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek McWhirter
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE, United Kingdom; North Western Hepatobiliary Unit, University Hospital Aintree, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, United Kingdom.
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41
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Matuo R, Sousa FG, Bonatto D, Mielniczki-Pereira AA, Saffi J, Soares DG, Escargueil AE, Larsen AK, Henriques JAP. ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and histone acetyltransferases in 5-FU cytotoxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2013; 12:1440-56. [PMID: 23661467 DOI: 10.4238/2013.april.26.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin is thought to modulate access of repair proteins to DNA lesions, and may be altered by chromatin remodelers to facilitate repair. We investigated the participation of chromatin remodelers and DNA repair in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) cytotoxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 5-FU is an antineoplastic drug commonly used in clinical settings. Among the several strains tested, only those with deficiencies in ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling (CR) and some histone acetyltransferases (HAT) exhibited sensitivity to 5-FU. CR and HAT double-mutants exhibited increased resistance to 5-FU in comparison to the wild-type mutant, but were still arrested in G2/M, as were the sensitive strains. The participation of Htz1p in 5-FU toxicity was also evaluated in single- and double-mutants of CR and HAT; the most significant effect was on cell cycle distribution. 5-FU lesions are repaired by different DNA repair machineries, including homologous recombination (HR) and post-replication repair (PRR). We investigated the role of CR and HAT in these DNA repair pathways. Deficiencies in Nhp10 and CR combined with deficiencies in HR or PRR increased 5-FU sensitivity; however, combined deficiencies of HAT, HR, and PRR did not. CRs are directly recruited to DNA damage and lead to chromatin relaxation, which facilitates access of HR and PRR proteins to 5-FU lesions. Combined deficiencies in HAT with defects in HR and PRR did not potentiate 5-FU cytotoxicity, possibly because they function in a common pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Matuo
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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42
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Awada A, Gil T, Whenham N, Van Hamme J, Besse-Hammer T, Brendel E, Delesen H, Joosten MC, Lathia CD, Loembé BA, Piccart-Ghebart M, Hendlisz A. Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Sorafenib Combined With Capecitabine in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors: Results of a Phase 1 Trial. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 51:1674-84. [DOI: 10.1177/0091270010386226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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43
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Shacham-Shmueli E, Geva R, Figer A, Bulocinic S, Nalbandyan K, Shpigel S, Atsmon J, Brendel E. Phase I Trial of Sorafenib in Combination With 5-Fluorouracil/Leucovorin in Advanced Solid Tumors. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 52:656-69. [DOI: 10.1177/0091270011404027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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44
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5-Fluorouracil signaling through a calcium-calmodulin-dependent pathway is required for p53 activation and apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells. Oncogene 2012; 32:4529-38. [PMID: 23108402 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anti-metabolite that is in clinical use for treatment of several cancers. In cells, it is converted into three distinct fluoro-based nucleotide analogs, which interfere with DNA synthesis and repair, leading to genome impairment and, eventually, apoptotic cell death. Current knowledge states that in certain cell types, 5-FU-induced stress is signaling through a p53-dependent induction of tumor necrosis factor-receptor oligomerization required for death-inducing signaling complex formation and caspase-8 activation. Here we establish a role of calcium (Ca(2+)) as a messenger for p53 activation in response to 5-FU. Using a combination of pharmacological and genetic approaches, we show that treatment of colon carcinoma cells stimulates entry of extracellular Ca(2+) through long lasting-type plasma membrane channels, which further directs posttranslational phosphorylation of at least three p53 serine residues (S15, S33 and S37) by means of calmodulin (CaM) activity. Obstructing this pathway by the Ca(2+)-chelator BAPTA (1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane- N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid) or by inhibitors of CaM efficiently reduces 5-FU-induced caspase activities and subsequent cell death. Moreover, ectopic expression of p53 S15A in HCT116 p53(-/-) cells confirmed the importance of a Ca(2+)-CaM-p53 axis in 5-FU-induced extrinsic apoptosis. The fact that a widely used therapeutic drug, such as 5-FU, is operating via this pathway could provide new therapeutic intervention points, or specify new combinatorial treatment regimes.
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45
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Merényi G, Kovári J, Tóth J, Takács E, Zagyva I, Erdei A, Vértessy BG. Cellular response to efficient dUTPase RNAi silencing in stable HeLa cell lines perturbs expression levels of genes involved in thymidylate metabolism. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2011; 30:369-90. [PMID: 21780905 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2011.582849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
dUTPase is involved in preserving DNA integrity in cells. We report an efficient dUTPase silencing by RNAi-based system in stable human cell line. Repression of dUTPase induced specific expression level increments for thymidylate kinase and thymidine kinase, and also an increased sensitization to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine and 5-fluoro-uracil. The catalytic mechanism of dUTPase was investigated for 5-fluoro-dUTP. The 5F-substitution on the uracil ring of the substrate did not change the kinetic mechanism of dUTP hydrolysis by dUTPase. Results indicate that RNAi silencing of dUTPase induces a complex cellular response wherein sensitivity towards fluoropyrimidines and gene expression levels of related enzymes are both modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Merényi
- Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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46
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Shah MY, Pan X, Fix LN, Farwell MA, Zhang B. 5-fluorouracil drug alters the microrna expression profiles in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:1868-78. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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47
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Zhao XQ, Wang TX, Liu W, Wang CD, Wang D, Shang T, Shen LH, Ren L. Multifunctional Au@IPN-pNIPAAm nanogels for cancer cell imaging and combined chemo-photothermal treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10277j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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48
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Cui XR, Saito R, Kubo T, Kon D, Hirano Y, Saito S. Preparations of Anthraquinone and Naphthoquinone Derivatives and Their Cytotoxic Effects. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2011; 59:302-14. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.59.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Ri Cui
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Ryota Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Toho University
| | | | - Daijiro Kon
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Yuich Hirano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Setsuo Saito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
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Tsao DA, Chang HJ, Lin CY, Hsiung SK, Huang SE, Ho SY, Chang MS, Chiu HH, Chen YF, Cheng TL, Shiu-Ru L. Gene expression profiles for predicting the efficacy of the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil in breast cancer. DNA Cell Biol 2010; 29:285-93. [PMID: 20482226 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2009.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an important postsurgery adjuvant therapy in the treatment of breast cancer. However, because of the individual genotype differences of patients, the drug efficacy differs from person to person, even when the same chemotherapy drug is administered. The purpose of this research was to probe the gene expression profiles to predict the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the common drug used in chemotherapy for various type of cancers, in Taiwanese breast cancer patients. Microarray analysis was conducted on the cancer cell line ZR-75-1 with and without 5-FU stimulation to identify the differentially expressed genes. The significant overexpressed gene groups were selected after bioinformatics software analysis to explore the molecular mechanism of 5-FU. Six strains of breast cancer cell line purchased from American Type Culture Collection were used to analyze the expression profiles of the above target gene groups. IL18, CCL28, CXCL2, SOD1, HRAS, FDXR, and CHI3L1 genes were significantly differentially expressed in 5-FU responder and nonresponder cell lines. The selected gene groups were validated with 20 strains of breast cancer primary cultures established previously in our laboratory. The experimental results demonstrated that FAM46A, IL18, CCL28, TNF, CXCL2, PLEKHA8, HRAS, FDXR, and CHI3L1 genes showed statistically significant differential expression between primary breast cancer culture cells that respond and nonrespond to 5-FU. Six genes, IL18, CCL28, CXCL2, HRAS, FDXR, and CHI3L1, showed significant differential expression pattern in both American Type Culture Collection and primary breast cancer cultured cells. The findings of this study may serve as basis for predicting the effectiveness of 5-FU on breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-An Tsao
- School of Medical and Health Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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50
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Pamies D, Vicente-Salar N, Sogorb MA, Roche E, Reig JA. Specific Effect of 5-Fluorouracil on α-Fetoprotein Gene Expression During the In Vitro Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation. Int J Toxicol 2010; 29:297-304. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581810366312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are considered an important alternative to develop in vitro screening methods for embryotoxicity. Mouse ES cells can be cultured as cell suspension aggregates termed “embryoid bodies” (EBs) in which cells start to differentiate. We have studied the expression of several genes in the presence of a wide range of concentrations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). This well-established embryotoxic compound completely inhibited cell viability at 200 nmol/L in monolayer cultures. At lower concentrations, 5-FU led to decrease in the expression of the α-fetoprotein gene, a marker of the visceral endoderm, in the EBs. However, the expression of several mesodermal gene markers was not significantly affected at these concentrations. These results suggest a high sensitivity of the visceral endoderm differentiation to 5-FU. Therefore, the quantification of the α-fetoprotein gene after exposure to potential embryotoxicants should be considered an additional end point in future embryotoxicity assays in vitro with ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pamies
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Terapia Celular, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Néstor Vicente-Salar
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Terapia Celular, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sogorb
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Roche
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Terapia Celular, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan A. Reig
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Terapia Celular, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
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