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Goto N, Westcott PMK, Goto S, Imada S, Taylor MS, Eng G, Braverman J, Deshpande V, Jacks T, Agudo J, Yilmaz ÖH. SOX17 enables immune evasion of early colorectal adenomas and cancers. Nature 2024; 627:636-645. [PMID: 38418875 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A hallmark of cancer is the avoidance of immune destruction. This process has been primarily investigated in locally advanced or metastatic cancer1-3; however, much less is known about how pre-malignant or early invasive tumours evade immune detection. Here, to understand this process in early colorectal cancers (CRCs), we investigated how naive colon cancer organoids that were engineered in vitro to harbour Apc-null, KrasG12D and Trp53-null (AKP) mutations adapted to the in vivo native colonic environment. Comprehensive transcriptomic and chromatin analyses revealed that the endoderm-specifying transcription factor SOX17 became strongly upregulated in vivo. Notably, whereas SOX17 loss did not affect AKP organoid propagation in vitro, its loss markedly reduced the ability of AKP tumours to persist in vivo. The small fraction of SOX17-null tumours that grew displayed notable interferon-γ (IFNγ)-producing effector-like CD8+ T cell infiltrates in contrast to the immune-suppressive microenvironment in wild-type counterparts. Mechanistically, in both endogenous Apc-null pre-malignant adenomas and transplanted organoid-derived AKP CRCs, SOX17 suppresses the ability of tumour cells to sense and respond to IFNγ, preventing anti-tumour T cell responses. Finally, SOX17 engages a fetal intestinal programme that drives differentiation away from LGR5+ tumour cells to produce immune-evasive LGR5- tumour cells with lower expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I). We propose that SOX17 is a transcription factor that is engaged during the early steps of colon cancer to orchestrate an immune-evasive programme that permits CRC initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Goto
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter M K Westcott
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Saori Goto
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shinya Imada
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martin S Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Eng
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Braverman
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Judith Agudo
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- New York Stem Cell Foundation-Robertson Investigator, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Taylor MS, Wu C, Fridy PC, Zhang SJ, Senussi Y, Wolters JC, Cajuso T, Cheng WC, Heaps JD, Miller BD, Mori K, Cohen L, Jiang H, Molloy KR, Chait BT, Goggins MG, Bhan I, Franses JW, Yang X, Taplin ME, Wang X, Christiani DC, Johnson BE, Meyerson M, Uppaluri R, Egloff AM, Denault EN, Spring LM, Wang TL, Shih IM, Fairman JE, Jung E, Arora KS, Yilmaz OH, Cohen S, Sharova T, Chi G, Norden BL, Song Y, Nieman LT, Pappas L, Parikh AR, Strickland MR, Corcoran RB, Mustelin T, Eng G, Yilmaz ÖH, Matulonis UA, Chan AT, Skates SJ, Rueda BR, Drapkin R, Klempner SJ, Deshpande V, Ting DT, Rout MP, LaCava J, Walt DR, Burns KH. Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a Specific Multicancer Biomarker. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:2532-2547. [PMID: 37698949 PMCID: PMC10773488 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Improved biomarkers are needed for early cancer detection, risk stratification, treatment selection, and monitoring treatment response. Although proteins can be useful blood-based biomarkers, many have limited sensitivity or specificity for these applications. Long INterspersed Element-1 (LINE-1) open reading frame 1 protein (ORF1p) is a transposable element protein overexpressed in carcinomas and high-risk precursors during carcinogenesis with negligible expression in normal tissues, suggesting ORF1p could be a highly specific cancer biomarker. To explore ORF1p as a blood-based biomarker, we engineered ultrasensitive digital immunoassays that detect mid-attomolar (10-17 mol/L) ORF1p concentrations in plasma across multiple cancers with high specificity. Plasma ORF1p shows promise for early detection of ovarian cancer, improves diagnostic performance in a multianalyte panel, provides early therapeutic response monitoring in gastroesophageal cancers, and is prognostic for overall survival in gastroesophageal and colorectal cancers. Together, these observations nominate ORF1p as a multicancer biomarker with potential utility for disease detection and monitoring. SIGNIFICANCE The LINE-1 ORF1p transposon protein is pervasively expressed in many cancers and is a highly specific biomarker of multiple common, lethal carcinomas and their high-risk precursors in tissue and blood. Ultrasensitive ORF1p assays from as little as 25 μL plasma are novel, rapid, cost-effective tools in cancer detection and monitoring. See related commentary by Doucet and Cristofari, p. 2502. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 2489.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S. Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Mass General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Connie Wu
- Department of Pathology, Mass General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter C. Fridy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Stephanie J. Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Mass General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yasmeen Senussi
- Department of Pathology, Mass General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Justina C. Wolters
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tatiana Cajuso
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wen-Chih Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John D. Heaps
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bryant D. Miller
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kei Mori
- Department of Pathology, Mass General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Healthcare Optics Research Laboratory, Canon U.S.A., Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Limor Cohen
- Department of Pathology, Mass General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Hua Jiang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Kelly R. Molloy
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Brian T. Chait
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | | | - Irun Bhan
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph W. Franses
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary-Ellen Taplin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xinan Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David C. Christiani
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce E. Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ravindra Uppaluri
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ann Marie Egloff
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elyssa N. Denault
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura M. Spring
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Euihye Jung
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kshitij S. Arora
- Department of Pathology, Mass General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Osman H. Yilmaz
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sonia Cohen
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tatyana Sharova
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gary Chi
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bryanna L. Norden
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yuhui Song
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Linda T. Nieman
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leontios Pappas
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aparna R. Parikh
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew R. Strickland
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan B. Corcoran
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tomas Mustelin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - George Eng
- Department of Pathology, Mass General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ömer H. Yilmaz
- Department of Pathology, Mass General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ursula A. Matulonis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven J. Skates
- MGH Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bo R. Rueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Samuel J. Klempner
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Mass General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David T. Ting
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael P. Rout
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - John LaCava
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - David R. Walt
- Department of Pathology, Mass General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathleen H. Burns
- Department of Pathology, Mass General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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3
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Sever T, Ellidokuz EB, Basbinar Y, Ellidokuz H, Yilmaz ÖH, Calibasi-Kocal G. Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Augments Oxaliplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity by Altering Energy Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer Organoids. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5724. [PMID: 38136270 PMCID: PMC10741617 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of cellular metabolism has recently emerged as a notable cancer characteristic. This reprogramming of key metabolic pathways supports tumor growth. Targeting cancer metabolism demonstrates the potential for managing colorectal cancer. Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) acts as an acetyl-CoA source for the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, possibly redirecting energy metabolic pathways towards the TCA cycle that could enhance sensitivity to oxaliplatin, through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study explores the potential of BOHB to enhance oxaliplatin's cytotoxic effect by altering the energy metabolism in colorectal cancer. The study employed advanced in vitro organoid technology, which successfully emulates in vivo physiology. The combination treatment efficacy of BOHB and oxaliplatin was evaluated via cell viability assay. The levels of key proteins involved in energy metabolism, apoptotic pathways, DNA damage markers, and histone acetylation were analyzed via Western Blot. ROS levels were evaluated via flow cytometer. Non-toxic doses of BOHB with oxaliplatin significantly amplified cytotoxicity in colorectal cancer organoids. Treatment with BOHB and/or melatonin resulted in significantly decreased lactate dehydrogenase A and increased mitochondrial carrier protein 2 levels, indicating inhibited aerobic glycolysis and an increased oxidative phosphorylation rate. This metabolic shift induced apoptotic cell death mediated by oxaliplatin, owing to high levels of ROS. Melatonin counteracted this effect by protecting cancer cells from high oxidative stress conditions. BOHB may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutics with a similar mechanism of action to oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer treatment. These innovative combinations could improve treatment outcomes for colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Sever
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ender Berat Ellidokuz
- Department of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Basbinar
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hulya Ellidokuz
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ömer H. Yilmaz
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gizem Calibasi-Kocal
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
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4
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Tzouanas CN, Sherman MS, Shay JE, Rubin AJ, Mead BE, Dao TT, Butzlaff T, Mana MD, Kolb KE, Walesky C, Pepe-Mooney BJ, Smith CJ, Prakadan SM, Ramseier ML, Tong EY, Joung J, Chi F, McMahon-Skates T, Winston CL, Jeong WJ, Aney KJ, Chen E, Nissim S, Zhang F, Deshpande V, Lauer GM, Yilmaz ÖH, Goessling W, Shalek AK. Chronic metabolic stress drives developmental programs and loss of tissue functions in non-transformed liver that mirror tumor states and stratify survival. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.30.569407. [PMID: 38077056 PMCID: PMC10705501 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.30.569407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Under chronic stress, cells must balance competing demands between cellular survival and tissue function. In metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD, formerly NAFLD/NASH), hepatocytes cooperate with structural and immune cells to perform crucial metabolic, synthetic, and detoxification functions despite nutrient imbalances. While prior work has emphasized stress-induced drivers of cell death, the dynamic adaptations of surviving cells and their functional repercussions remain unclear. Namely, we do not know which pathways and programs define cellular responses, what regulatory factors mediate (mal)adaptations, and how this aberrant activity connects to tissue-scale dysfunction and long-term disease outcomes. Here, by applying longitudinal single-cell multi -omics to a mouse model of chronic metabolic stress and extending to human cohorts, we show that stress drives survival-linked tradeoffs and metabolic rewiring, manifesting as shifts towards development-associated states in non-transformed hepatocytes with accompanying decreases in their professional functionality. Diet-induced adaptations occur significantly prior to tumorigenesis but parallel tumorigenesis-induced phenotypes and predict worsened human cancer survival. Through the development of a multi -omic computational gene regulatory inference framework and human in vitro and mouse in vivo genetic perturbations, we validate transcriptional (RELB, SOX4) and metabolic (HMGCS2) mediators that co-regulate and couple the balance between developmental state and hepatocyte functional identity programming. Our work defines cellular features of liver adaptation to chronic stress as well as their links to long-term disease outcomes and cancer hallmarks, unifying diverse axes of cellular dysfunction around core causal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine N. Tzouanas
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Marc S. Sherman
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Jessica E.S. Shay
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Alcohol Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Adam J. Rubin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin E. Mead
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tyler T. Dao
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Titus Butzlaff
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miyeko D. Mana
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kellie E. Kolb
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chad Walesky
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian J. Pepe-Mooney
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Colton J. Smith
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanjay M. Prakadan
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michelle L. Ramseier
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Evelyn Y. Tong
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julia Joung
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, MA, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fangtao Chi
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas McMahon-Skates
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolyn L. Winston
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Woo-Jeong Jeong
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine J. Aney
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ethan Chen
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sahar Nissim
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, MA, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Georg M. Lauer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ömer H. Yilmaz
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- These senior authors contributed equally
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- These senior authors contributed equally
| | - Alex K. Shalek
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These senior authors contributed equally
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5
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Goswami S, Zhang Q, Celik CE, Reich EM, Yilmaz ÖH. Dietary fat and lipid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188984. [PMID: 37722512 PMCID: PMC10937091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming has been considered a core hallmark of cancer, in which excessive accumulation of lipids promote cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. Lipid metabolism often includes the digestion and absorption of dietary fat, and the ways in which cancer cells utilize lipids are often influenced by the complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment. Among multiple cancer risk factors, obesity has a positive association with multiple cancer types, while diets like calorie restriction and fasting improve health and delay cancer. Impact of these diets on tumorigenesis or cancer prevention are generally studied on cancer cells, despite heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment. Cancer cells regularly interact with these heterogeneous microenvironmental components, including immune and stromal cells, to promote cancer progression and metastasis, and there is an intricate metabolic crosstalk between these compartments. Here, we focus on discussing fat metabolism and response to dietary fat in the tumor microenvironment, focusing on both immune and stromal components and shedding light on therapeutic strategies surrounding lipid metabolic and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Goswami
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Qiming Zhang
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Cigdem Elif Celik
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Hacettepe Univ, Canc Inst, Department Basic Oncol, Ankara TR-06100, Turkiye
| | - Ethan M Reich
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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6
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Schmidt DR, Gramatikov IMT, Sheen A, Williams CL, Hurwitz M, Dodge LE, Holupka E, Kiger WS, Cornwall-Brady MR, Huang W, Mak HH, Cormier KS, Condon C, Dane Wittrup K, Yilmaz ÖH, Stevenson MA, Down JD, Floyd SR, Roper J, Vander Heiden MG. Ablative radiotherapy improves survival but does not cure autochthonous mouse models of prostate and colorectal cancer. Commun Med (Lond) 2023; 3:108. [PMID: 37558833 PMCID: PMC10412558 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of cancer are powerful tools to study mechanisms of disease progression and therapy response, yet little is known about how these models respond to multimodality therapy used in patients. Radiation therapy (RT) is frequently used to treat localized cancers with curative intent, delay progression of oligometastases, and palliate symptoms of metastatic disease. METHODS Here we report the development, testing, and validation of a platform to immobilize and target tumors in mice with stereotactic ablative RT (SART). Xenograft and autochthonous tumor models were treated with hypofractionated ablative doses of radiotherapy. RESULTS We demonstrate that hypofractionated regimens used in clinical practice can be effectively delivered in mouse models. SART alters tumor stroma and the immune environment, improves survival in GEMMs of primary prostate and colorectal cancer, and synergizes with androgen deprivation in prostate cancer. Complete pathologic responses were achieved in xenograft models, but not in GEMMs. CONCLUSIONS While SART is capable of fully ablating xenografts, it is unable to completely eradicate disease in GEMMs, arguing that resistance to potentially curative therapy can be modeled in GEMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Schmidt
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Iva Monique T Gramatikov
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison Sheen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher L Williams
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martina Hurwitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura E Dodge
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Holupka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W S Kiger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Milton R Cornwall-Brady
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Howard H Mak
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen S Cormier
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charlene Condon
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K Dane Wittrup
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Mary Ann Stevenson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julian D Down
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott R Floyd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jatin Roper
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, and Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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He S, Lei P, Kang W, Cheung P, Xu T, Mana M, Park CY, Wang H, Imada S, Russell JO, Wang J, Wang R, Zhou Z, Chetal K, Stas E, Mohad V, Bruun-Rasmussen P, Sadreyev RI, Hodin RA, Zhang Y, Breault DT, Camargo FD, Yilmaz ÖH, Fredberg JJ, Saeidi N. Stiffness Restricts the Stemness of the Intestinal Stem Cells and Skews Their Differentiation Toward Goblet Cells. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:1137-1151.e15. [PMID: 36871599 PMCID: PMC10200762 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fibrosis and tissue stiffening are hallmarks of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We have hypothesized that the increased stiffness directly contributes to the dysregulation of the epithelial cell homeostasis in IBD. Here, we aim to determine the impact of tissue stiffening on the fate and function of the intestinal stem cells (ISCs). METHODS We developed a long-term culture system consisting of 2.5-dimensional intestinal organoids grown on a hydrogel matrix with tunable stiffness. Single-cell RNA sequencing provided stiffness-regulated transcriptional signatures of the ISCs and their differentiated progeny. YAP-knockout and YAP-overexpression mice were used to manipulate YAP expression. In addition, we analyzed colon samples from murine colitis models and human IBD samples to assess the impact of stiffness on ISCs in vivo. RESULTS We demonstrated that increasing the stiffness potently reduced the population of LGR5+ ISCs and KI-67+-proliferating cells. Conversely, cells expressing the stem cell marker, olfactomedin-4, became dominant in the crypt-like compartments and pervaded the villus-like regions. Concomitantly, stiffening prompted the ISCs to preferentially differentiate toward goblet cells. Mechanistically, stiffening increased the expression of cytosolic YAP, driving the extension of olfactomedin-4+ cells into the villus-like regions, while it induced the nuclear translocation of YAP, leading to preferential differentiation of ISCs toward goblet cells. Furthermore, analysis of colon samples from murine colitis models and patients with IBD demonstrated cellular and molecular remodeling reminiscent of those observed in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings highlight that matrix stiffness potently regulates the stemness of ISCs and their differentiation trajectory, supporting the hypothesis that fibrosis-induced gut stiffening plays a direct role in epithelial remodeling in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie He
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peng Lei
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wenying Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford Medical School, Stanford, California
| | - Priscilla Cheung
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Stem Cell Program and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tao Xu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Section on Pathophysiology and Molecular Pharmacology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Miyeko Mana
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Chan Young Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shinya Imada
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jacquelyn O Russell
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Stem Cell Program and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jianxun Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ruizhi Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ziheng Zhou
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kashish Chetal
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric Stas
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vidisha Mohad
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Bruun-Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard A Hodin
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yanhang Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David T Breault
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Fernando D Camargo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Stem Cell Program and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey J Fredberg
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nima Saeidi
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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8
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Chen JK, Merrick KA, Kong YW, Izrael-Tomasevic A, Eng G, Handly ED, Patterson JC, Cannell IG, Suarez-Lopez L, Hosios AM, Dinh A, Kirkpatrick DS, Yu K, Rose CM, Hernandez JM, Hwangbo H, Palmer AC, Vander Heiden MG, Yilmaz ÖH, Yaffe MB. An RNA Damage Response Network Mediates the Lethality of 5-FU in Clinically Relevant Tumor Types. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.28.538590. [PMID: 37162991 PMCID: PMC10168374 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.28.538590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a successful and broadly used anti-cancer therapeutic. A major mechanism of action of 5-FU is thought to be through thymidylate synthase (TYMS) inhibition resulting in dTTP depletion and activation of the DNA damage response. This suggests that 5-FU should synergize with other DNA damaging agents. However, we found that combinations of 5-FU and oxaliplatin or irinotecan failed to display any evidence of synergy in clinical trials, and resulted in sub-additive killing in a panel of colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. In seeking to understand this antagonism, we unexpectedly found that an RNA damage response during ribosome biogenesis dominates the drug's efficacy in tumor types for which 5-FU shows clinical benefit. 5-FU has an inherent bias for RNA incorporation, and blocking this greatly reduced drug-induced lethality, indicating that accumulation of damaged RNA is more deleterious than the lack of new RNA synthesis. Using 5-FU metabolites that specifically incorporate into either RNA or DNA revealed that CRC cell lines and patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids are inherently more sensitive to RNA damage. This difference held true in cell lines from other tissues in which 5-FU has shown clinical utility, whereas cell lines from tumor tissues that lack clinical 5-FU responsiveness typically showed greater sensitivity to the drug's DNA damage effects. Analysis of changes in the phosphoproteome and ubiquitinome shows RNA damage triggers the selective ubiquitination of multiple ribosomal proteins leading to autophagy-dependent rRNA catabolism and proteasome-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated ribosome proteins. Further, RNA damage response to 5-FU is selectively enhanced by compounds that promote ribosome biogenesis, such as KDM2A inhibitors. These results demonstrate the presence of a strong RNA damage response linked to apoptotic cell death, with clear utility of combinatorially targeting this response in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Kuei Chen
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Karl A. Merrick
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yi Wen Kong
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - George Eng
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Erika D. Handly
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jesse C. Patterson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ian G. Cannell
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lucia Suarez-Lopez
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aaron M. Hosios
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anh Dinh
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Kebing Yu
- Genentech Biotechnology company, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Jonathan M. Hernandez
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Haeun Hwangbo
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Computational Medicine Program, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adam C. Palmer
- Department of Pharmacology, Computational Medicine Program, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew G. Vander Heiden
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ömer H. Yilmaz
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael B. Yaffe
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Medical Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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9
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Abstract
Reprogrammed metabolism is a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC cells are geared toward rapid proliferation, requiring nutrients and the removal of cellular waste in nutrient-poor environments. Intestinal stem cells (ISCs), the primary cell of origin for CRCs, must adapt their metabolism along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence to the unique features of their complex microenvironment that include interactions with intestinal epithelial cells, immune cells, stromal cells, commensal microbes, and dietary components. Emerging evidence implicates modifiable risk factors related to the environment, such as diet, as important in CRC pathogenesis. Here, we focus on describing the metabolism of ISCs, diets that influence CRC initiation, CRC genetics and metabolism, and the tumor microenvironment. The mechanistic links between environmental factors, metabolic adaptations, and the tumor microenvironment in enhancing or supporting CRC tumorigenesis are becoming better understood. Thus, greater knowledge of CRC metabolism holds promise for improved prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Sedlak
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA;
- Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA;
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Pathology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jatin Roper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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10
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Imada S, Shin H, Khawaled S, Meckelmann SW, Whittaker CA, Corrêa RO, Pradhan D, Calibasi-Kocal G, Melo LMN, Allies G, Wittenhofer P, Schmitz OJ, Roper J, Vinolo MAR, Cheng CW, Tasdogan A, Yilmaz ÖH. Post-fast refeeding enhances intestinal stem cell-mediated regeneration and tumourigenesis through mTORC1-dependent polyamine synthesis. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2320717. [PMID: 36711807 PMCID: PMC9882602 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2320717/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
For more than a century, fasting regimens have improved health, lifespan, and tissue regeneration in diverse organisms, including humans. However, how fasting and post-fast refeeding impact adult stem cells and tumour formation has yet to be explored in depth. Here, we demonstrate that post-fast refeeding increases intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and tumour formation: Post-fast refeeding augments the regenerative capacity of Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs), and loss of the tumour suppressor Apc in ISCs under post-fast refeeding leads to a higher tumour incidence in the small intestine and colon than in the fasted or ad libitum (AL) fed states. This demonstrates that post-fast refeeding is a distinct state. Mechanistically, we discovered that robust induction of mTORC1 in post-fast-refed ISCs increases protein synthesis via polyamine metabolism to drive these changes, as inhibition of mTORC1, polyamine metabolite production, or protein synthesis abrogates the regenerative or tumourigenic effects of post-fast refeeding. Thus, fast-refeeding cycles must be carefully considered when planning diet-based strategies for regeneration without increasing cancer risk, as post-fast refeeding leads to a burst not only in stem cell-driven regeneration but also in tumourigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Imada
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Heaji Shin
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Saleh Khawaled
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sven W. Meckelmann
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Charles A. Whittaker
- Barbara K. Ostrom (1978) Bioinformatics and Computing Core Facility, Swanson Biotechnology Center, Koch Institute at the MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Renan Oliveira Corrêa
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Dikshant Pradhan
- Barbara K. Ostrom (1978) Bioinformatics and Computing Core Facility, Swanson Biotechnology Center, Koch Institute at the MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gizem Calibasi-Kocal
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir-Turkey, Turkey
| | - Luiza Martins Nascentes Melo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen & German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Gabriele Allies
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen & German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Pia Wittenhofer
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver J. Schmitz
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Jatin Roper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, NC 27710, USA
| | - Marco Aurelio Ramirez Vinolo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Chia-Wei Cheng
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alpaslan Tasdogan
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen & German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Ömer H. Yilmaz
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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11
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Kummerlowe C, Mwakamui S, Hughes TK, Mulugeta N, Mudenda V, Besa E, Zyambo K, Shay JES, Fleming I, Vukovic M, Doran BA, Aicher TP, Wadsworth MH, Bramante JT, Uchida AM, Fardoos R, Asowata OE, Herbert N, Yilmaz ÖH, Kløverpris HN, Garber JJ, Ordovas-Montanes J, Gartner Z, Wallach T, Shalek AK, Kelly P. Single-cell profiling of environmental enteropathy reveals signatures of epithelial remodeling and immune activation. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabi8633. [PMID: 36044598 PMCID: PMC9594855 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abi8633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Environmental enteropathy (EE) is a subclinical condition of the small intestine that is highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. It is thought to be a key contributing factor to childhood malnutrition, growth stunting, and diminished oral vaccine responses. Although EE has been shown to be the by-product of a recurrent enteric infection, its full pathophysiology remains unclear. Here, we mapped the cellular and molecular correlates of EE by performing high-throughput, single-cell RNA-sequencing on 33 small intestinal biopsies from 11 adults with EE in Lusaka, Zambia (eight HIV-negative and three HIV-positive), six adults without EE in Boston, United States, and two adults in Durban, South Africa, which we complemented with published data from three additional individuals from the same clinical site. We analyzed previously defined bulk-transcriptomic signatures of reduced villus height and decreased microbial translocation in EE and showed that these signatures may be driven by an increased abundance of surface mucosal cells-a gastric-like subset previously implicated in epithelial repair in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, we determined cell subsets whose fractional abundances associate with EE severity, small intestinal region, and HIV infection. Furthermore, by comparing duodenal EE samples with those from three control cohorts, we identified dysregulated WNT and MAPK signaling in the EE epithelium and increased proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in a T cell subset highly expressing a transcriptional signature of tissue-resident memory cells in the EE cohort. Together, our work elucidates epithelial and immune correlates of EE and nominates cellular and molecular targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conner Kummerlowe
- Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Simutanyi Mwakamui
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition group, University of Zambia School of Medicine; Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Travis K. Hughes
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Nolawit Mulugeta
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Victor Mudenda
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition group, University of Zambia School of Medicine; Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ellen Besa
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition group, University of Zambia School of Medicine; Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kanekwa Zyambo
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition group, University of Zambia School of Medicine; Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Jessica E. S. Shay
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ira Fleming
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Marko Vukovic
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ben A. Doran
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Toby P. Aicher
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Marc H. Wadsworth
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Amiko M. Uchida
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital; Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rabiah Fardoos
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | | | | | - Ömer H. Yilmaz
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Pathology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - John J. Garber
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital; Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital; Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Zev Gartner
- University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, 94185 USA
| | - Thomas Wallach
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University; Department of Pediatrics, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.,Corresponding authors. (T.W.); (A.K.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Alex K. Shalek
- Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Pathology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Corresponding authors. (T.W.); (A.K.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Paul Kelly
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London; London E1 2AT, United Kingdom.,Corresponding authors. (T.W.); (A.K.S.); (P.K.)
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12
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Goto N, Goto S, Imada S, Hosseini S, Deshpande V, Yilmaz ÖH. Lymphatics and fibroblasts support intestinal stem cells in homeostasis and injury. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1246-1261.e6. [PMID: 35931033 PMCID: PMC9720889 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs) depend on niche factors for their proper function. However, the source of these ISC niche factors and how they support ISCs in vivo remain controversial. Here, we report that ISCs depend on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and RSPO3+GREM1+ fibroblasts (RGFs). In the intestine and colon, LECs are surrounded by RGFs and are located near ISCs at the crypt base. Both LECs and RGFs provide the critical ISC niche factor RSPO3 to support ISCs, where RSPO3 loss in both cell types drastically compromises ISC numbers, villi length, and repair after injury. In response to injury, LEC and RGF numbers expand and produce greater amounts of RSPO3 and other growth/angiocrine factors to foster intestinal repair. We propose that LECs represent a novel niche component for ISCs, which together with RGFs serve as the major in vivo RSPO3 source for ISCs in homeostasis and injury-mediated regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Goto
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for
Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Correspondence:
(N.G.), (Ö.H.Y.)
| | - Saori Goto
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for
Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shinya Imada
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for
Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sahar Hosseini
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ömer H. Yilmaz
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for
Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142,
USA,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence:
(N.G.), (Ö.H.Y.)
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Goto
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Mead BE, Hattori K, Levy L, Imada S, Goto N, Vukovic M, Sze D, Kummerlowe C, Matute JD, Duan J, Langer R, Blumberg RS, Ordovas-Montanes J, Yilmaz ÖH, Karp JM, Shalek AK. Screening for modulators of the cellular composition of gut epithelia via organoid models of intestinal stem cell differentiation. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:476-494. [PMID: 35314801 PMCID: PMC9046079 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cellular composition of barrier epithelia is essential to organismal homoeostasis. In particular, within the small intestine, adult stem cells establish tissue cellularity, and may provide a means to control the abundance and quality of specialized epithelial cells. Yet, methods for the identification of biological targets regulating epithelial composition and function, and of small molecules modulating them, are lacking. Here we show that druggable biological targets and small-molecule regulators of intestinal stem cell differentiation can be identified via multiplexed phenotypic screening using thousands of miniaturized organoid models of intestinal stem cell differentiation into Paneth cells, and validated via longitudinal single-cell RNA-sequencing. We found that inhibitors of the nuclear exporter Exportin 1 modulate the fate of intestinal stem cells, independently of known differentiation cues, significantly increasing the abundance of Paneth cells in the organoids and in wild-type mice. Physiological organoid models of the differentiation of intestinal stem cells could find broader utility for the screening of biological targets and small molecules that can modulate the composition and function of other barrier epithelia.
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Grants
- R01 DK088199 NIDDK NIH HHS
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- P30 CA014051 NCI NIH HHS
- DP2 GM119419 NIGMS NIH HHS
- R01 DE013023 NIDCR NIH HHS
- P30 DK034854 NIDDK NIH HHS
- R01 HL095722 NHLBI NIH HHS
- T32 GM087237 NIGMS NIH HHS
- R01 CA034992 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 CA211184 NCI NIH HHS
- U54 CA217377 NCI NIH HHS
- INV-006897 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
- The National Science Foundation graduate research fellowship program and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology – GlaxoSmithKline (MIT-GSK) Gertrude B. Elion Postdoctoral fellowship.
- Fellowships from The Japanese Biochemical Society (The Osamu Hayaishi Memorial Scholarship for Study Abroad), Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, and The Uehara Memorial Foundation.
- NIH (DE013023)
- NIH (DK088199)
- New York Stem Cell Foundation – Robertson Investigator, the Richard and Susan Smith Family Foundation, the HHMI Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation Fellowship (DRG-2274-16), the AGA Research Foundation’s AGA-Takeda Pharmaceuticals Research Scholar Award in IBD – AGA2020-13-01, the HDDC Pilot and Feasibility P30 DK034854, the Food Allergy Science Initiative, and The New York Stem Cell Foundation.
- NIH (R01CA211184, R01CA034992); Pew-Stewart Trust scholar award; the Kathy and Curt Marble Cancer Research Award; a Bridge grant; and the MIT Stem Cell Initiative through Fondation MIT.
- the Kenneth Rainin Foundation Innovator and Breakthrough awards, the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation (#624458),the NIH (HL095722), and the Harvard Digestive Disease Center and NIH grant P30DK034854.
- the Beckman Young Investigator Program, the Pew-Stewart Scholars Program for Cancer Research, a Sloan Fellowship in Chemistry, the NIH (1DP2GM119419, 1U54CA217377), the Koch Institute Support (core) Grant P30-CA14051 from the National Cancer Institute, and the MIT Stem Cell Initiative through Fondation MIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Mead
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kazuki Hattori
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren Levy
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shinya Imada
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Norihiro Goto
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marko Vukovic
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology Boston Children's Hospital, Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daphne Sze
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Conner Kummerlowe
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Juan D Matute
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, MGH Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinzhi Duan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology Boston Children's Hospital, Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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15
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Wu X, Ueland PM, Roper J, Koh GY, Liang X, Crott JW, Yilmaz ÖH, Bronson RT, Mason JB. Combined Supplementation with Vitamin B-6 and Curcumin is Superior to Either Agent Alone in Suppressing Obesity-Promoted Colorectal Tumorigenesis in Mice. J Nutr 2021; 151:3678-3688. [PMID: 34590119 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity increases the colorectal cancer risk, in part by elevating colonic proinflammatory cytokines. Curcumin (CUR) and supplemental vitamin B-6 each suppress colonic inflammation. OBJECTIVES We examined whether the combination of CUR and vitamin B-6 amplifies each supplement's effects and thereby suppress obesity-promoted tumorigenesis. METHODS Male Friend Virus B (FVB) mice (4-week-old; n = 110) received 6 weekly injections of azoxymethane beginning 1 week after arrival. Thereafter, they were randomized to receive a low-fat diet (10% energy from fat), a high-fat diet (HFD; 60% energy from fat), a HFD containing 0.2% CUR, a HFD containing supplemental vitamin B-6 (24 mg pyridoxine HCl/kg), or a HFD containing both CUR and supplemental vitamin B-6 (C + B) for 15 weeks. Colonic inflammation, assessed by fecal calprotectin, and tumor metrics were the primary endpoints. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of the combination was also determined in human colonic organoids. RESULTS HFD-induced obesity produced a 2.6-fold increase in plasma IL-6 (P < 0.02), a 1.9-fold increase in fecal calprotectin (P < 0.05), and a 2.2-fold increase in tumor multiplicity (P < 0.05). Compared to the HFD group, the C + B combination, but not the individual agents, decreased fecal calprotectin (66%; P < 0.01) and reduced tumor multiplicity and the total tumor burden by 60%-80% (P < 0.03) in an additive fashion. The combination of C + B also significantly downregulated colonic phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, Wnt, and NF-κB signaling by 31%-47% (P < 0.05), effects largely absent with the single agents. Observations that may explain how the 2 agents work additively include a 2.8-fold increased colonic concentration of 3-hydroxyanthranillic acid (P < 0.05) and a 1.3-fold higher colonic concentration of the active coenzymatic form of vitamin B-6 (P < 0.05). In human colonic organoids, micromolar concentrations of CUR, vitamin B-6, and their combination suppressed secreted proinflammatory cytokines by 41%-93% (P < 0.03), demonstrating relevance to humans. CONCLUSIONS In this mouse model, C + B is superior to either agent alone in preventing obesity-promoted colorectal carcinogenesis. Augmented suppression of procancerous signaling pathways may be the means by which this augmentation occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Per M Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jatin Roper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gar Yee Koh
- Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xu Liang
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jimmy W Crott
- Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Joel B Mason
- Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Devall MAM, Drew DA, Dampier CH, Plummer SJ, Eaton S, Bryant J, Díez-Obrero V, Mo J, Kedrin D, Zerjav DC, Takacsi-Nagy O, Jennelle LT, Ali MW, Yilmaz ÖH, Moreno V, Powell SM, Chan AT, Peters U, Casey G. Transcriptome-wide In Vitro Effects of Aspirin on Patient-derived Normal Colon Organoids. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 14:1089-1100. [PMID: 34389629 PMCID: PMC8639779 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-21-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying aspirin chemoprevention of colorectal cancer remain unclear. Prior studies have been limited because of the inability of preclinical models to recapitulate human normal colon epithelium or cellular heterogeneity present in mucosal biopsies. To overcome some of these obstacles, we performed in vitro aspirin treatment of colon organoids derived from normal mucosal biopsies to reveal transcriptional networks relevant to aspirin chemoprevention. Colon organoids derived from 38 healthy individuals undergoing endoscopy were treated with 50 μmol/L aspirin or vehicle control for 72 hours and subjected to bulk RNA sequencing. Paired regression analysis using DESeq2 identified differentially expressed genes (DEG) associated with aspirin treatment. Cellular composition was determined using CIBERSORTx. Aspirin treatment was associated with 1,154 significant (q < 0.10) DEGs prior to deconvolution. We provide replication of these findings in an independent population-based RNA-sequencing dataset of mucosal biopsies (BarcUVa-Seq), where a significant enrichment for overlap of DEGs was observed (P < 2.2E-16). Single-cell deconvolution revealed changes in cell composition, including a decrease in transit-amplifying cells following aspirin treatment (P = 0.01). Following deconvolution, DEGs included novel putative targets for aspirin such as TRABD2A (q = 0.055), a negative regulator of Wnt signaling. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified 12 significant modules, including two that contained hubs for EGFR and PTGES2, the latter being previously implicated in aspirin chemoprevention. In summary, aspirin treatment of patient-derived colon organoids using physiologically relevant doses resulted in transcriptome-wide changes that reveal altered cell composition and improved understanding of transcriptional pathways, providing novel insight into its chemopreventive properties. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: Numerous studies have highlighted a role for aspirin in colorectal cancer chemoprevention, though the mechanisms driving this association remain unclear. We addressed this by showing that aspirin treatment of normal colon organoids diminished the transit-amplifying cell population, inhibited prostaglandin synthesis, and dysregulated expression of novel genes implicated in colon tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A M Devall
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - David A Drew
- Clinical & Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher H Dampier
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Sarah J Plummer
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Stephen Eaton
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jennifer Bryant
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Virginia Díez-Obrero
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jiancheng Mo
- Clinical & Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dmitriy Kedrin
- Clinical & Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Elliot Hospital, Manchester, New Hampshire
| | - Dylan C Zerjav
- Clinical & Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Oliver Takacsi-Nagy
- Clinical & Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lucas T Jennelle
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mourad W Ali
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, MIT Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victor Moreno
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Steven M Powell
- Digestive Health Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical & Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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17
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Lengefeld J, Cheng CW, Maretich P, Blair M, Hagen H, McReynolds MR, Sullivan E, Majors K, Roberts C, Kang JH, Steiner JD, Miettinen TP, Manalis SR, Antebi A, Morrison SJ, Lees JA, Boyer LA, Yilmaz ÖH, Amon A. Cell size is a determinant of stem cell potential during aging. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabk0271. [PMID: 34767451 PMCID: PMC8589318 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are remarkably small. Whether small size is important for stem cell function is unknown. We find that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) enlarge under conditions known to decrease stem cell function. This decreased fitness of large HSCs is due to reduced proliferation and was accompanied by altered metabolism. Preventing HSC enlargement or reducing large HSCs in size averts the loss of stem cell potential under conditions causing stem cell exhaustion. Last, we show that murine and human HSCs enlarge during aging. Preventing this age-dependent enlargement improves HSC function. We conclude that small cell size is important for stem cell function in vivo and propose that stem cell enlargement contributes to their functional decline during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jette Lengefeld
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chia-Wei Cheng
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pema Maretich
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marguerite Blair
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hannah Hagen
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Melanie R. McReynolds
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Emily Sullivan
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kyra Majors
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christina Roberts
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing and CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joon Ho Kang
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joachim D. Steiner
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing and CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Teemu P. Miettinen
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Scott R. Manalis
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adam Antebi
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing and CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sean J. Morrison
- Children’s Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jacqueline A. Lees
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Laurie A. Boyer
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ömer H. Yilmaz
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Angelika Amon
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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18
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Beyaz S, Chung C, Mou H, Bauer-Rowe KE, Xifaras ME, Ergin I, Dohnalova L, Biton M, Shekhar K, Eskiocak O, Papciak K, Ozler K, Almeqdadi M, Yueh B, Fein M, Annamalai D, Valle-Encinas E, Erdemir A, Dogum K, Shah V, Alici-Garipcan A, Meyer HV, Özata DM, Elinav E, Kucukural A, Kumar P, McAleer JP, Fox JG, Thaiss CA, Regev A, Roper J, Orkin SH, Yilmaz ÖH. Dietary suppression of MHC class II expression in intestinal epithelial cells enhances intestinal tumorigenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1922-1935.e5. [PMID: 34529935 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about how interactions of diet, intestinal stem cells (ISCs), and immune cells affect early-stage intestinal tumorigenesis. We show that a high-fat diet (HFD) reduces the expression of the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) genes in intestinal epithelial cells, including ISCs. This decline in epithelial MHC class II expression in a HFD correlates with reduced intestinal microbiome diversity. Microbial community transfer experiments suggest that epithelial MHC class II expression is regulated by intestinal flora. Mechanistically, pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) signaling regulates epithelial MHC class II expression. MHC class II-negative (MHC-II-) ISCs exhibit greater tumor-initiating capacity than their MHC class II-positive (MHC-II+) counterparts upon loss of the tumor suppressor Apc coupled with a HFD, suggesting a role for epithelial MHC class II-mediated immune surveillance in suppressing tumorigenesis. ISC-specific genetic ablation of MHC class II increases tumor burden cell autonomously. Thus, HFD perturbs a microbiome-stem cell-immune cell interaction that contributes to tumor initiation in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semir Beyaz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Charlie Chung
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Haiwei Mou
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Khristian E Bauer-Rowe
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael E Xifaras
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ilgin Ergin
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Lenka Dohnalova
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Moshe Biton
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; The Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Karthik Shekhar
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Onur Eskiocak
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - Kadir Ozler
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Mohammad Almeqdadi
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian Yueh
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Miriam Fein
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Damodaran Annamalai
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eider Valle-Encinas
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aysegul Erdemir
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Karoline Dogum
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vyom Shah
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - Hannah V Meyer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Deniz M Özata
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Eran Elinav
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Alper Kucukural
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jeremy P McAleer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Jatin Roper
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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19
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Genshaft AS, Ziegler CGK, Tzouanas CN, Mead BE, Jaeger AM, Navia AW, King RP, Mana MD, Huang S, Mitsialis V, Snapper SB, Yilmaz ÖH, Jacks T, Van Humbeck JF, Shalek AK. Live cell tagging tracking and isolation for spatial transcriptomics using photoactivatable cell dyes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4995. [PMID: 34404785 PMCID: PMC8371137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A cell's phenotype and function are influenced by dynamic interactions with its microenvironment. To examine cellular spatiotemporal activity, we developed SPACECAT-Spatially PhotoActivatable Color Encoded Cell Address Tags-to annotate, track, and isolate cells while preserving viability. In SPACECAT, samples are stained with photocaged fluorescent molecules, and cells are labeled by uncaging those molecules with user-patterned near-UV light. SPACECAT offers single-cell precision and temporal stability across diverse cell and tissue types. Illustratively, we target crypt-like regions in patient-derived intestinal organoids to enrich for stem-like and actively mitotic cells, matching literature expectations. Moreover, we apply SPACECAT to ex vivo tissue sections from four healthy organs and an autochthonous lung tumor model. Lastly, we provide a computational framework to identify spatially-biased transcriptome patterns and enriched phenotypes. This minimally perturbative and broadly applicable method links cellular spatiotemporal and/or behavioral phenotypes with diverse downstream assays, enabling insights into the connections between tissue microenvironments and (dys)function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S Genshaft
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carly G K Ziegler
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Constantine N Tzouanas
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin E Mead
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alex M Jaeger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew W Navia
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan P King
- Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Miyeko D Mana
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Siyi Huang
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanessa Mitsialis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | | | - Alex K Shalek
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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20
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Mana MD, Hussey AM, Tzouanas CN, Imada S, Barrera Millan Y, Bahceci D, Saiz DR, Webb AT, Lewis CA, Carmeliet P, Mihaylova MM, Shalek AK, Yilmaz ÖH. High-fat diet-activated fatty acid oxidation mediates intestinal stemness and tumorigenicity. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109212. [PMID: 34107251 PMCID: PMC8258630 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an established risk factor for cancer in many tissues. In the mammalian intestine, a pro-obesity high-fat diet (HFD) promotes regeneration and tumorigenesis by enhancing intestinal stem cell (ISC) numbers, proliferation, and function. Although PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) nuclear receptor activity has been proposed to facilitate these effects, their exact role is unclear. Here we find that, in loss-of-function in vivo models, PPARα and PPARδ contribute to the HFD response in ISCs. Mechanistically, both PPARs do so by robustly inducing a downstream fatty acid oxidation (FAO) metabolic program. Pharmacologic and genetic disruption of CPT1A (the rate-controlling enzyme of mitochondrial FAO) blunts the HFD phenotype in ISCs. Furthermore, inhibition of CPT1A dampens the pro-tumorigenic consequences of a HFD on early tumor incidence and progression. These findings demonstrate that inhibition of a HFD-activated FAO program creates a therapeutic opportunity to counter the effects of a HFD on ISCs and intestinal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyeko D Mana
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Amanda M Hussey
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Constantine N Tzouanas
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139, USA; Program in Health Sciences & Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shinya Imada
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Dorukhan Bahceci
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dominic R Saiz
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Anna T Webb
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Caroline A Lewis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, and Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Maria M Mihaylova
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139, USA; Program in Health Sciences & Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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21
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Abstract
In this forum piece, we review progress in exploiting diet and nutrition for enhancing tissue regeneration with a particular emphasis on how dietary composition and diet-induced physiology influence adult stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Cheng
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Semir Beyaz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA.
| | - Miyeko D Mana
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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23
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Calibasi-Kocal G, Mashinchian O, Basbinar Y, Ellidokuz E, Cheng CW, Yilmaz ÖH. Nutritional Control of Intestinal Stem Cells in Homeostasis and Tumorigenesis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:20-35. [PMID: 33277157 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food and nutrition have a profound impact on organismal health and diseases, and tissue-specific adult stem cells play a crucial role in coordinating tissue maintenance by responding to dietary cues. Emerging evidence indicates that adult intestinal stem cells (ISCs) actively adjust their fate decisions in response to diets and nutritional states to drive intestinal adaptation. Here, we review the signaling mechanisms mediating the dietary responses imposed by caloric intake and nutritional composition (i.e., macronutrients and micronutrients), fasting-feeding patterns, diet-induced growth factors, and microbiota on ISCs and their relevance to the beginnings of intestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Calibasi-Kocal
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Omid Mashinchian
- Nestlé Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yasemin Basbinar
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ender Ellidokuz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Chia-Wei Cheng
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Departments of Pathology, Gastroenterology, and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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24
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Cheung P, Xiol J, Dill MT, Yuan WC, Panero R, Roper J, Osorio FG, Maglic D, Li Q, Gurung B, Calogero RA, Yilmaz ÖH, Mao J, Camargo FD. Regenerative Reprogramming of the Intestinal Stem Cell State via Hippo Signaling Suppresses Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:590-604.e9. [PMID: 32730753 PMCID: PMC10114498 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the Hippo transcriptional coactivator YAP is considered oncogenic in many tissues, its roles in intestinal homeostasis and colorectal cancer (CRC) remain controversial. Here, we demonstrate that the Hippo kinases LATS1/2 and MST1/2, which inhibit YAP activity, are required for maintaining Wnt signaling and canonical stem cell function. Hippo inhibition induces a distinct epithelial cell state marked by low Wnt signaling, a wound-healing response, and transcription factor Klf6 expression. Notably, loss of LATS1/2 or overexpression of YAP is sufficient to reprogram Lgr5+ cancer stem cells to this state and thereby suppress tumor growth in organoids, patient-derived xenografts, and mouse models of primary and metastatic CRC. Finally, we demonstrate that genetic deletion of YAP and its paralog TAZ promotes the growth of these tumors. Collectively, our results establish the role of YAP as a tumor suppressor in the adult colon and implicate Hippo kinases as therapeutic vulnerabilities in colorectal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Cheung
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jordi Xiol
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Michael T Dill
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Wei-Chien Yuan
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Riccardo Panero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Jatin Roper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Fernando G Osorio
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Dejan Maglic
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Basanta Gurung
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Raffaele A Calogero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Junhao Mao
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Fernando D Camargo
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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25
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Dittmann A, Kennedy NJ, Soltero NL, Morshed N, Mana MD, Yilmaz ÖH, Davis RJ, White FM. High-fat diet in a mouse insulin-resistant model induces widespread rewiring of the phosphotyrosine signaling network. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 15:e8849. [PMID: 31464373 PMCID: PMC6674232 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20198849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated type 2 diabetes and accompanying diseases have developed into a leading human health risk across industrialized and developing countries. The complex molecular underpinnings of how lipid overload and lipid metabolites lead to the deregulation of metabolic processes are incompletely understood. We assessed hepatic post-translational alterations in response to treatment of cells with saturated and unsaturated free fatty acids and the consumption of a high-fat diet by mice. These data revealed widespread tyrosine phosphorylation changes affecting a large number of enzymes involved in metabolic processes as well as canonical receptor-mediated signal transduction networks. Targeting two of the most prominently affected molecular features in our data, SRC-family kinase activity and elevated reactive oxygen species, significantly abrogated the effects of saturated fat exposure in vitro and high-fat diet in vivo. In summary, we present a comprehensive view of diet-induced alterations of tyrosine signaling networks, including proteins involved in fundamental metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Dittmann
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Norman J Kennedy
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Nina L Soltero
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nader Morshed
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Miyeko D Mana
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roger J Davis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Forest M White
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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26
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Gebert N, Cheng CW, Kirkpatrick JM, Di Fraia D, Yun J, Schädel P, Pace S, Garside GB, Werz O, Rudolph KL, Jasper H, Yilmaz ÖH, Ori A. Region-Specific Proteome Changes of the Intestinal Epithelium during Aging and Dietary Restriction. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107565. [PMID: 32348758 PMCID: PMC7446723 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The small intestine is responsible for nutrient absorption and one of the most important interfaces between the environment and the body. During aging, changes of the epithelium lead to food malabsorption and reduced barrier function, thus increasing disease risk. The drivers of these alterations remain poorly understood. Here, we compare the proteomes of intestinal crypts from mice across different anatomical regions and ages. We find that aging alters epithelial immunity, metabolism, and cell proliferation and is accompanied by region-dependent skewing in the cellular composition of the epithelium. Of note, short-term dietary restriction followed by refeeding partially restores the epithelium by promoting stem cell differentiation toward the secretory lineage. We identify Hmgcs2 (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A [CoA] synthetase 2), the rate-limiting enzyme for ketogenesis, as a modulator of stem cell differentiation that responds to dietary changes, and we provide an atlas of region- and age-dependent proteome changes of the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Gebert
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Chia-Wei Cheng
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Domenico Di Fraia
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Jina Yun
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Patrick Schädel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Simona Pace
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - George B Garside
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - K Lenhard Rudolph
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Henri Jasper
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany.
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- George Eng
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Braverman
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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28
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Almeqdadi M, Mana MD, Roper J, Yilmaz ÖH. Gut organoids: mini-tissues in culture to study intestinal physiology and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C405-C419. [PMID: 31216420 PMCID: PMC6766612 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00300.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In vitro, cell cultures are essential tools in the study of intestinal function and disease. For the past few decades, monolayer cellular cultures, such as cancer cell lines or immortalized cell lines, have been widely applied in gastrointestinal research. Recently, the development of three-dimensional cultures known as organoids has permitted the growth of normal crypt-villus units that recapitulate many aspects of intestinal physiology. Organoid culturing has also been applied to study gastrointestinal diseases, intestinal-microbe interactions, and colorectal cancer. These models are amenable to CRISPR gene editing and drug treatments, including high-throughput small-molecule testing. Three-dimensional intestinal cultures have been transplanted into mice to develop versatile in vivo models of intestinal disease, particularly cancer. Limitations of currently available organoid models include cost and challenges in modeling nonepithelial intestinal cells, such as immune cells and the microbiota. Here, we describe the development of organoid models of intestinal biology and the applications of organoids for study of the pathophysiology of intestinal diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Almeqdadi
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Miyeko D Mana
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jatin Roper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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29
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Cheng CW, Biton M, Haber AL, Gunduz N, Eng G, Gaynor LT, Tripathi S, Calibasi-Kocal G, Rickelt S, Butty VL, Moreno M, Iqbal AM, Bauer-Rowe KE, Imada S, Ulutas MS, Mylonas C, Whary MT, Levine SS, Basbinar Y, Hynes RO, Mino-Kenudson M, Deshpande V, Boyer LA, Fox JG, Terranova C, Rai K, Piwnica-Worms H, Mihaylova MM, Regev A, Yilmaz ÖH. Ketone Body Signaling Mediates Intestinal Stem Cell Homeostasis and Adaptation to Diet. Cell 2019; 178:1115-1131.e15. [PMID: 31442404 PMCID: PMC6732196 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how metabolites couple tissue-specific stem cell function with physiology. Here we show that, in the mammalian small intestine, the expression of Hmgcs2 (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthetase 2), the gene encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of ketone bodies, including beta-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB), distinguishes self-renewing Lgr5+ stem cells (ISCs) from differentiated cell types. Hmgcs2 loss depletes βOHB levels in Lgr5+ ISCs and skews their differentiation toward secretory cell fates, which can be rescued by exogenous βOHB and class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor treatment. Mechanistically, βOHB acts by inhibiting HDACs to reinforce Notch signaling, instructing ISC self-renewal and lineage decisions. Notably, although a high-fat ketogenic diet elevates ISC function and post-injury regeneration through βOHB-mediated Notch signaling, a glucose-supplemented diet has the opposite effects. These findings reveal how control of βOHB-activated signaling in ISCs by diet helps to fine-tune stem cell adaptation in homeostasis and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Cheng
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Moshe Biton
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA,Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Adam L. Haber
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Nuray Gunduz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts 02139, USA,Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey 06800
| | - George Eng
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts 02139, USA,Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Liam T. Gaynor
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston MA, 02215, USA
| | - Surya Tripathi
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Gizem Calibasi-Kocal
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts 02139, USA,Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Oncology, Department of Translational Oncology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Steffen Rickelt
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Vincent L. Butty
- BioMicro Center, at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Marta Moreno
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ameena M Iqbal
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - Shinya Imada
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts 02139, USA,Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University,1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Mehmet Sefa Ulutas
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts 02139, USA,Department of Biology, Siirt University, Science and Arts Faculty, 56100 Siirt, Turkey
| | | | - Mark T. Whary
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Stuart S. Levine
- BioMicro Center, at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yasemin Basbinar
- Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Oncology, Department of Translational Oncology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Richard O. Hynes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts 02139, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Laurie A. Boyer
- Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - James G. Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Christopher Terranova
- Genomic Medicine Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kunal Rai
- Genomic Medicine Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Helen Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maria M. Mihaylova
- The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, 308 Wiseman Hall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts 02139, USA,Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA,Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Ömer H. Yilmaz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts 02139, USA,Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA,Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA,Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA,Lead Contact,Correspondence: Ömer H. Yilmaz () (Ö.H.Y)
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30
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Pentinmikko N, Iqbal S, Mana M, Andersson S, Cognetta AB, Suciu RM, Roper J, Luopajärvi K, Markelin E, Gopalakrishnan S, Smolander OP, Naranjo S, Saarinen T, Juuti A, Pietiläinen K, Auvinen P, Ristimäki A, Gupta N, Tammela T, Jacks T, Sabatini DM, Cravatt BF, Yilmaz ÖH, Katajisto P. Notum produced by Paneth cells attenuates regeneration of aged intestinal epithelium. Nature 2019; 571:398-402. [PMID: 31292548 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A decline in stem cell function impairs tissue regeneration during ageing, but the role of the stem-cell-supporting niche in ageing is not well understood. The small intestine is maintained by actively cycling intestinal stem cells that are regulated by the Paneth cell niche1,2. Here we show that the regenerative potential of human and mouse intestinal epithelium diminishes with age owing to defects in both stem cells and their niche. The functional decline was caused by a decrease in stemness-maintaining Wnt signalling due to production of Notum, an extracellular Wnt inhibitor, in aged Paneth cells. Mechanistically, high activity of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in aged Paneth cells inhibits activity of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPAR-α)3, and lowered PPAR-α activity increased Notum expression. Genetic targeting of Notum or Wnt supplementation restored function of aged intestinal organoids. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of Notum in mice enhanced the regenerative capacity of aged stem cells and promoted recovery from chemotherapy-induced damage. Our results reveal a role of the stem cell niche in ageing and demonstrate that targeting of Notum can promote regeneration of aged tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalle Pentinmikko
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sharif Iqbal
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miyeko Mana
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Simon Andersson
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Armand B Cognetta
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Radu M Suciu
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jatin Roper
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kalle Luopajärvi
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eino Markelin
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Santiago Naranjo
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tuure Saarinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Juuti
- Abdominal Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Auvinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Ristimäki
- Department of Pathology, Research Programs Unit and HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nitin Gupta
- Atlanta Gastroenterology Associates, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tuomas Tammela
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David M Sabatini
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pekka Katajisto
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Molecular and Integrative Bioscience Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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31
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32
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Lannagan TRM, Lee YK, Wang T, Roper J, Bettington ML, Fennell L, Vrbanac L, Jonavicius L, Somashekar R, Gieniec K, Yang M, Ng JQ, Suzuki N, Ichinose M, Wright JA, Kobayashi H, Putoczki TL, Hayakawa Y, Leedham S, Abud HE, Yilmaz ÖH, Marker J, Klebe S, Wirapati P, Mukherjee S, Tejpar S, Leggett BA, Whitehall VLJ, Worthley DL, Woods SL. Genetic editing of colonic organoids provides a molecularly distinct and orthotopic preclinical model of serrated carcinogenesis. Gut 2019; 68:684-692. [PMID: 29666172 PMCID: PMC6192855 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serrated colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for approximately 25% of cases and includes tumours that are among the most treatment resistant and with worst outcomes. This CRC subtype is associated with activating mutations in the mitogen-activated kinase pathway gene, BRAF, and epigenetic modifications termed the CpG Island Methylator Phenotype, leading to epigenetic silencing of key tumour suppressor genes. It is still not clear which (epi-)genetic changes are most important in neoplastic progression and we begin to address this knowledge gap herein. DESIGN We use organoid culture combined with CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering to sequentially introduce genetic alterations associated with serrated CRC and which regulate the stem cell niche, senescence and DNA mismatch repair. RESULTS Targeted biallelic gene alterations were verified by DNA sequencing. Organoid growth in the absence of niche factors was assessed, as well as analysis of downstream molecular pathway activity. Orthotopic engraftment of complex organoid lines, but not BrafV600E alone, quickly generated adenocarcinoma in vivo with serrated features consistent with human disease. Loss of the essential DNA mismatch repair enzyme, Mlh1, led to microsatellite instability. Sphingolipid metabolism genes are differentially regulated in both our mouse models of serrated CRC and human CRC, with key members of this pathway having prognostic significance in the human setting. CONCLUSION We generate rapid, complex models of serrated CRC to determine the contribution of specific genetic alterations to carcinogenesis. Analysis of our models alongside patient data has led to the identification of a potential susceptibility for this tumour type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsin RM Lannagan
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Young K Lee
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Tongtong Wang
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Jatin Roper
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark L Bettington
- Envoi Specialist Pathologists, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Lochlan Fennell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Laura Vrbanac
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Lisa Jonavicius
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA Australia
| | - Roshini Somashekar
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Krystyna Gieniec
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Miao Yang
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Jia Q Ng
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Nobumi Suzuki
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Mari Ichinose
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Josephine A Wright
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne and the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Dept of Gastroenterology, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Simon Leedham
- Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics University of Oxford, Oxford, & Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, Headington, UK
| | - Helen E Abud
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and the Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Ömer H. Yilmaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA United States
| | | | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA Australia
| | - Pratyaksha Wirapati
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Core Facility, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sabine Tejpar
- Digestive Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara A Leggett
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, QLD Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Womens Hospital, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Vicki LJ Whitehall
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, QLD Australia
- Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, QLD
| | - Daniel L Worthley
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Susan L Woods
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA Australia
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Almaqwashi AA, Zhou W, Naufer MN, Riddell IA, Yilmaz ÖH, Lippard SJ, Williams MC. DNA Intercalation Facilitates Efficient DNA-Targeted Covalent Binding of Phenanthriplatin. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:1537-1545. [PMID: 30599508 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phenanthriplatin, a monofunctional anticancer agent derived from cisplatin, shows significantly more rapid DNA covalent-binding activity compared to its parent complex. To understand the underlying molecular mechanism, we used single-molecule studies with optical tweezers to probe the kinetics of DNA-phenanthriplatin binding as well as DNA binding to several control complexes. The time-dependent extensions of single λ-DNA molecules were monitored at constant applied forces and compound concentrations, followed by rinsing with a compound-free solution. DNA-phenanthriplatin association consisted of fast and reversible DNA lengthening with time constant τ ≈ 10 s, followed by slow and irreversible DNA elongation that reached equilibrium in ∼30 min. In contrast, only reversible fast DNA elongation occured for its stereoisomer trans-phenanthriplatin, suggesting that the distinct two-rate kinetics of phenanthriplatin is sensitive to the geometric conformation of the complex. Furthermore, no DNA unwinding was observed for pyriplatin, in which the phenanthridine ligand of phenanthriplatin is replaced by the smaller pyridine molecule, indicating that the size of the aromatic group is responsible for the rapid DNA elongation. These findings suggest that the mechanism of binding of phenanthriplatin to DNA involves rapid, partial intercalation of the phenanthridine ring followed by slower substitution of the adjacent chloride ligand by, most likely, the N7 atom of a purine base. The cis isomer affords the proper stereochemistry at the metal center to facilitate essentially irreversible DNA covalent binding, a geometric advantage not afforded by trans-phenanthriplatin. This study demonstrates that reversible DNA intercalation provides a robust transition state that is efficiently converted to an irreversible DNA-Pt bound state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Almaqwashi
- Physics Department , King Abdulaziz University , Rabigh 21911 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - M Nabuan Naufer
- Department of Physics , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Imogen A Riddell
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , United Kingdom
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Mark C Williams
- Department of Physics , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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Abstract
Dietary composition and calorie intake are major determinants of health and disease. Calorie restriction promotes metabolic changes that favor tissue regeneration and is arguably the most successful and best-conserved antiaging intervention. Obesity, in contrast, impairs tissue homeostasis and is a major risk factor for the development of diseases including cancer. Stem cells, the central mediators of tissue regeneration, integrate dietary and energy cues via nutrient-sensing pathways to maintain growth or respond to stress. We discuss emerging data on the effects of diet and nutrient-sensing pathways on intestinal stem cells, as well as their potential application in the development of regenerative and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Alonso
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ömer H. Yilmaz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Beyaz S, Mana MD, Roper J, Kedrin D, Saadatpour A, Hong SJ, Bauer-Rowe KE, Xifaras ME, Akkad A, Arias E, Pinello L, Katz Y, Shinagare S, Abu-Remaileh M, Mihaylova MM, Lamming DW, Dogum R, Guo G, Bell GW, Selig M, Nielsen GP, Gupta N, Ferrone CR, Deshpande V, Yuan GC, Orkin SH, Sabatini DM, Yilmaz ÖH. Author Correction: High-fat diet enhances stemness and tumorigenicity of intestinal progenitors. Nature 2018; 560:E26. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Roper J, Tammela T, Cetinbas NM, Akkad A, Roghanian A, Rickelt S, Almeqdadi M, Wu K, Oberli M, Sánchez-Rivera F, Park Y, Liang X, Eng G, Taylor MS, Azimi R, Kedrin D, Neupane R, Beyaz S, Sicinska ET, Suarez Y, Yoo J, Chen L, Zukerberg L, Katajisto P, Deshpande V, Bass A, Tsichlis PN, Lees J, Langer R, Hynes RO, Chen J, Bhutkar AJ, Jacks T, Yilmaz ÖH. Abstract B38: In vivo genome editing and organoid transplantation models of colorectal cancer and metastasis. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.mousemodels17-b38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In vivo interrogation of the function of genes implicated in tumorigenesis is limited by the need to generate and cross germline mutant mice. Here we describe approaches to model colorectal cancer (CRC) and metastasis that rely on in situ gene editing and orthotopic organoid transplantation in mice without cancer-predisposing mutations. Autochthonous tumor formation is induced by CRISPR/Cas9-based editing of the Apc and Trp53 tumor suppressor genes in colon epithelial cells and by orthotopic transplantation of Apc-edited colon organoids. ApcΔ/Δ;KrasG12D/+;Trp53Δ/Δ (AKP) mouse colon organoids and human CRC organoids engraft in the distal colon and metastasize to the liver. Finally, we apply the orthotopic transplantation model to characterize the clonal dynamics of Lgr5+ stem cells and demonstrate sequential activation of an oncogene in established colon adenomas. These experimental systems enable rapid in vivo characterization of cancer-associated genes and reproduce the entire spectrum of tumor progression and metastasis.
Citation Format: Jatin Roper, Tuomas Tammela, Naniye Malli Cetinbas, Adam Akkad, Ali Roghanian, Steffen Rickelt, Mohammad Almeqdadi, Katherine Wu, Matthias Oberli, Francisco Sánchez-Rivera, Yoona Park, Xu Liang, George Eng, Martin S. Taylor, Roxana Azimi, Dmitriy Kedrin, Rachit Neupane, Semir Beyaz, Ewa T. Sicinska, Yvelisse Suarez, James Yoo, Lillian Chen, Lawrence Zukerberg, Pekka Katajisto, Vikram Deshpande, Adam Bass, Philip N. Tsichlis, Jacqueline Lees, Robert Langer, Richard O. Hynes, Jianzhu Chen, Arjun J. Bhutkar, Tyler Jacks, Ömer H. Yilmaz. In vivo genome editing and organoid transplantation models of colorectal cancer and metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Modeling Cancer in Mice: Technology, Biology, and Beyond; 2017 Sep 24-27; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Roper
- 1Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA,
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Tuomas Tammela
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | | | - Adam Akkad
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Ali Roghanian
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
- 3University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom,
| | - Steffen Rickelt
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Mohammad Almeqdadi
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Katherine Wu
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Matthias Oberli
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | | | - Yoona Park
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Xu Liang
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - George Eng
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
- 4Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,
| | | | - Roxana Azimi
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Dmitriy Kedrin
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Rachit Neupane
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Semir Beyaz
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pekka Katajisto
- 6University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,
- 8Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Adam Bass
- 5Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA,
| | | | - Jacqueline Lees
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Robert Langer
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Richard O. Hynes
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
- 7Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Arjun J. Bhutkar
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Tyler Jacks
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
- 7Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Ömer H. Yilmaz
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
- 4Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,
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Zhou W, Almeqdadi M, Xifaras ME, Riddell IA, Yilmaz ÖH, Lippard SJ. The effect of geometric isomerism on the anticancer activity of the monofunctional platinum complex trans-[Pt(NH 3) 2(phenanthridine)Cl]NO 3. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2788-2791. [PMID: 29484327 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00393a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A trans-DDP based monofunctional phenanthridine Pt(ii) complex was synthesized and characterized. Its anticancer activity was studied in vitro on a panel of human cancer cell lines and mouse intestinal cancer organoids. This complex displays significant antitumor properties, with a different spectrum of activity than that of classic bifunctional cross-linking agents like cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Tehcnology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Mohammad Almeqdadi
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Tehcnology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Michael E Xifaras
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Tehcnology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Imogen A Riddell
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Tehcnology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Cheng
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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40
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Roper J, Tammela T, Akkad A, Almeqdadi M, Santos SB, Jacks T, Yilmaz ÖH. Colonoscopy-based colorectal cancer modeling in mice with CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing and organoid transplantation. Nat Protoc 2018; 13:217-234. [PMID: 29300388 PMCID: PMC6145089 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Most genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of colorectal cancer are limited by tumor formation in the small intestine, a high tumor burden that limits metastasis, and the need to generate and cross mutant mice. Cell line or organoid transplantation models generally produce tumors in ectopic locations-such as the subcutaneous space, kidney capsule, or cecal wall-that do not reflect the native stromal environment of the colon mucosa. Here, we describe detailed protocols to rapidly and efficiently induce site-directed tumors in the distal colon of mice that are based on colonoscopy-guided mucosal injection. These techniques can be adapted to deliver viral vectors carrying Cre recombinase, CRISPR-Cas9 components, CRISPR-engineered mouse tumor organoids, or human cancer organoids to mice to model the adenoma-carcinoma-metastasis sequence of tumor progression. The colonoscopy injection procedure takes ∼15 min, including preparation. In our experience, anyone with reasonable hand-eye coordination can become proficient with mouse colonoscopy and mucosal injection with a few hours of practice. These approaches are ideal for a wide range of applications, including assessment of gene function in tumorigenesis, examination of tumor-stroma interactions, studies of cancer metastasis, and translational research with patient-derived cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Roper
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tuomas Tammela
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam Akkad
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mohammad Almeqdadi
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sebastian B Santos
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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41
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Tammela T, Sanchez-Rivera FJ, Cetinbas NM, Wu K, Joshi NS, Helenius K, Park Y, Azimi R, Kerper NR, Wesselhoeft RA, Gu X, Schmidt L, Cornwall-Brady M, Yilmaz ÖH, Xue W, Katajisto P, Bhutkar A, Jacks T. A Wnt-producing niche drives proliferative potential and progression in lung adenocarcinoma. Nature 2017; 545:355-359. [PMID: 28489818 PMCID: PMC5903678 DOI: 10.1038/nature22334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of cellular states in cancer has been linked to drug resistance, cancer progression and presence of cancer cells with properties of normal tissue stem cells1,2. Secreted Wnt signals maintain stem cells in various epithelial tissues, including in lung development and regeneration3–5. Here we report that murine and human lung adenocarcinomas display hierarchical features with two distinct subpopulations, one with high Wnt signaling activity and another forming a niche that provides the Wnt ligand. The Wnt responder cells showed increased tumour propagation ability, suggesting that they have features of normal tissue stem cells. Genetic perturbation of Wnt production or signaling suppressed tumour progression. Small molecule inhibitors targeting essential post-translational modification of Wnt reduced tumour growth and dramatically decreased proliferative potential of the lung cancer cells, leading to improved survival of tumour-bearing mice. These results indicate that strategies for disrupting pathways that maintain stem-like and niche cell phenotypes can translate into effective anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Tammela
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Francisco J Sanchez-Rivera
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Naniye Malli Cetinbas
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Katherine Wu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Nikhil S Joshi
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Katja Helenius
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Yoona Park
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Roxana Azimi
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Natanya R Kerper
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - R Alexander Wesselhoeft
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Xin Gu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Leah Schmidt
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Milton Cornwall-Brady
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Wen Xue
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,RNA Therapeutics Institute, Program in Molecular Medicine, and Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Pekka Katajisto
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arjun Bhutkar
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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42
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Roper J, Tammela T, Cetinbas NM, Akkad A, Roghanian A, Rickelt S, Almeqdadi M, Wu K, Oberli MA, Sánchez-Rivera FJ, Park YK, Liang X, Eng G, Taylor MS, Azimi R, Kedrin D, Neupane R, Beyaz S, Sicinska ET, Suarez Y, Yoo J, Chen L, Zukerberg L, Katajisto P, Deshpande V, Bass AJ, Tsichlis PN, Lees J, Langer R, Hynes RO, Chen J, Bhutkar A, Jacks T, Yilmaz ÖH. In vivo genome editing and organoid transplantation models of colorectal cancer and metastasis. Nat Biotechnol 2017; 35:569-576. [PMID: 28459449 PMCID: PMC5462879 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In vivo interrogation of the function of genes implicated in tumorigenesis is limited by the need to generate and cross germline mutant mice. Here we describe approaches to model colorectal cancer (CRC) and metastasis, which rely on in situ gene editing and orthotopic organoid transplantation in mice without cancer-predisposing mutations. Autochthonous tumor formation is induced by CRISPR-Cas9-based editing of the Apc and Trp53 tumor suppressor genes in colon epithelial cells and by orthotopic transplantation of Apc-edited colon organoids. ApcΔ/Δ;KrasG12D/+;Trp53Δ/Δ (AKP) mouse colon organoids and human CRC organoids engraft in the distal colon and metastasize to the liver. Finally, we apply the orthotopic transplantation model to characterize the clonal dynamics of Lgr5+ stem cells and demonstrate sequential activation of an oncogene in established colon adenomas. These experimental systems enable rapid in vivo characterization of cancer-associated genes and reproduce the entire spectrum of tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Roper
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tuomas Tammela
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naniye Malli Cetinbas
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam Akkad
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ali Roghanian
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Steffen Rickelt
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mohammad Almeqdadi
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine Wu
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthias A Oberli
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Yoona K Park
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xu Liang
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George Eng
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin S Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roxana Azimi
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dmitriy Kedrin
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachit Neupane
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Semir Beyaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ewa T Sicinska
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yvelisse Suarez
- Department of Pathology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Yoo
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lillian Chen
- Department of Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lawrence Zukerberg
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pekka Katajisto
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam J Bass
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip N Tsichlis
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lees
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard O Hynes
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arjun Bhutkar
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dietary intake is a critical regulator of organismal physiology and health. Tissue homeostasis and regeneration are dependent on adult tissue stem cells that self-renew and differentiate into the specialized cell types. As stem cells respond to cues from their environment, dietary signals and nutrients influence tissue biology by altering the function and activity of adult stem cells. In this review, we highlight recent studies that illustrate how diverse diets such as caloric restriction, fasting, high fat diets, and ketogenic diets impact stem cell function and their microenvironments. RECENT FINDINGS Caloric restriction generally exerts positive effects on adult stem cells, notably increasing stem cell functionality in the intestine and skeletal muscle as well as increasing hematopoietic stem cell quiescence. Similarly, fasting confers protection of intestinal, hematopoietic, and neuronal stem cells against injury. High fat diets induce intestinal stem cell niche independence and stem-like properties in intestinal progenitors, while high fat diets impair hematopoiesis and neurogenesis. SUMMARY Caloric restriction and fasting are generally beneficial to adult stem cell function, while high fat diets impair stem cell function or create opportunities for tumorigenesis. However, the effects of each diet on stem cell biology are complex and vary greatly between tissues. Given the recent interest in developing dietary interventions or mimetics as therapeutics, further studies, including on ketogenic diets, will be essential to understand how adult stem cells respond to diet-induced signals and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyeko D. Mana
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Elaine Yih-Shuen Kuo
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Ömer H. Yilmaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
- Departments of Pathology, Gastroenterology, and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
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44
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Beyaz S, Yilmaz ÖH. Molecular Pathways: Dietary Regulation of Stemness and Tumor Initiation by the PPAR-δ Pathway. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5636-5641. [PMID: 27702819 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPAR-δ) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor that regulates gene expression during development and disease states, such as cancer. However, the precise role of PPAR-δ during tumorigenesis is not well understood. Recent data suggest that PPAR-δ may have context-specific oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles depending on the tissue, cell-type, or diet-induced physiology in question. For example, in the intestine, pro-obesity diets, such as a high-fat diet (HFD), are associated with increased colorectal cancer incidence. Interestingly, many of the effects of an HFD in the stem and progenitor cell compartment are driven by a robust PPAR-δ program and contribute to the early steps of intestinal tumorigenesis. Importantly, the PPAR-δ pathway or its downstream mediators may serve as therapeutic intervention points or biomarkers in colon cancer that arise in patients who are obese. Although potent PPAR-δ agonists and antagonists exist, their clinical utility may be enhanced by uncovering how PPAR-δ mediates tumorigenesis in diverse tissues and cell types as well as in response to diet. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5636-41. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semir Beyaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts. .,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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45
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Bal C, Büyükşekerci M, Koca C, Ağış ER, Erdoğan S, Baran P, Gündüzöz M, Yilmaz ÖH. The compromise of dynamic disulfide/thiol homeostasis as a biomarker of oxidative stress in trichloroethylene exposure. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:915-20. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327115608928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate disulfide/thiol homeostasis in trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure. The study was carried out in 30 nonsmoker TCE-exposed workers with a variety of occupations. Additionally, 30 healthy nonsmoker volunteers were recruited as the control group. TCE exposure was determined by measuring urinary trichloroacetic acid (TCA) concentration. Median urinary TCA levels of exposed workers (20.5 mg/L) were significantly higher than control subjects (5 mg/L). Thiol and disulfide concentrations were determined using a novel automated method. Disulfide/thiol ratio was significantly higher in the exposed group ( p < 0.001). Thiol/disulfide homeostasis was found to be disturbed in TCE-exposed workers. We predict that in TCE-exposed workers this disturbance can be a therapeutic target, and the efficiency of the treatment can easily be monitored by the novel method we used.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bal
- Department of Biochemistry, Occupational Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Büyükşekerci
- Department of Pharmacology, Occupational Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - C Koca
- Department of Biochemistry, Atatürk Educational and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - ER Ağış
- Department of Pharmacology, Occupational Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Erdoğan
- Department of Biochemistry, Atatürk Educational and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - P Baran
- Department of Biochemistry, Atatürk Educational and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Gündüzöz
- Department of Family Medicine, Occupational Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - ÖH Yilmaz
- Department of Public Health, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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46
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- a Department of Biology , MIT , Cambridge , MA , USA.,b The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT , Cambridge , MA , USA.,c Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT , Cambridge , MA , USA.,d Department of Pathology , Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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47
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite increased screening rates and advances in targeted therapy, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. CRC models that recapitulate key features of human disease are essential to the development of novel and effective therapeutics. Classic methods of modeling CRC such as human cell lines and xenograft mice, while useful for many applications, carry significant limitations. Recently developed in vitro and in vivo models overcome some of these deficiencies and thus can be utilized to better model CRC for mechanistic and translational research. AREAS COVERED The authors review established models of in vitro cell culture and describe advances in organoid culture for studying normal and malignant intestine. They also discuss key features of classic xenograft models and describe other approaches for in vivo CRC research, including patient-derived xenograft, carcinogen-induced, orthotopic transplantation and transgenic mouse models. We also describe mouse models of metastatic CRC. EXPERT OPINION No single model is optimal for drug discovery in CRC. Genetically engineered models overcome many limitations of xenograft models. Three-dimensional organoids can be efficiently derived from both normal and malignant tissue for large-scale in vitro and in vivo (transplantation) studies and are thus a significant advance in CRC drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Golovko
- a 1 Tufts Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Molecular Oncology Research Institute , Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Dmitriy Kedrin
- b 2 MIT, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,c 3 Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Division of Gastroenterology , Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- b 2 MIT, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,d 4 Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Department of Pathology , Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jatin Roper
- a 1 Tufts Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Molecular Oncology Research Institute , Boston, MA 02111, USA .,b 2 MIT, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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48
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Strijbis K, Yilmaz ÖH, Dougan SK, Esteban A, Gröne A, Kumamoto CA, Ploegh HL. Intestinal colonization by Candida albicans alters inflammatory responses in Bruton's tyrosine kinase-deficient mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112472. [PMID: 25379804 PMCID: PMC4224491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The commensal yeast Candida albicans is part of the human intestinal microflora and is considered a "pathobiont", a resident microbe with pathogenic potential yet harmless under normal conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of C. albicans on inflammation of the intestinal tract and the role of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). Btk is an enzyme that modulates downstream signaling of multiple receptors involved in innate and adaptive immunity, including the major anti-fungal receptor Dectin-1. Colitis was induced in wild type and Btk-/- mice by treatment with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and the gastrointestinal tract of selected treatment groups were then colonized with C. albicans. Colonization by C. albicans neither dampened nor exacerbated inflammation in wild type mice, but colon length and spleen weight were improved in Btk-deficient mice colonized with C. albicans. Neutrophil infiltration was comparable between wild type and Btk-/- mice, but the knockout mice displayed severely reduced numbers of macrophages in the colon during both DSS and DSS/Candida treatment. Smaller numbers and reduced responsiveness of Btk-/- macrophages might partially explain the improved colon length of Btk-/- mice as a result of Candida colonization. Surprisingly, DSS/Candida-treated Btk-/- animals had higher levels of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines and levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β were reduced compared to wild type. A clustering and correlation analysis showed that for wild type animals, spleen TGF-β and colon IL-10 and for Btk-/- spleen and colon levels of IL-17A best correlated with the inflammatory parameters. We conclude that in Btk-/- immunocompromised animals, colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by the commensal yeast C. albicans alters inflammatory symptoms associated with colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Strijbis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ömer H. Yilmaz
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephanie K. Dougan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alexandre Esteban
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrea Gröne
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carol A. Kumamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hidde L. Ploegh
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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49
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Roper J, Sinnamon MJ, Coffee EM, Belmont P, Keung L, Georgeon-Richard L, Wang WV, Faber AC, Yun J, Yilmaz ÖH, Bronson RT, Martin ES, Tsichlis PN, Hung KE. Combination PI3K/MEK inhibition promotes tumor apoptosis and regression in PIK3CA wild-type, KRAS mutant colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 347:204-11. [PMID: 24576621 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PI3K inhibition in combination with other agents has not been studied in the context of PIK3CA wild-type, KRAS mutant cancer. In a screen of phospho-kinases, PI3K inhibition of KRAS mutant colorectal cancer cells activated the MAPK pathway. Combination PI3K/MEK inhibition with NVP-BKM120 and PD-0325901 induced tumor regression in a mouse model of PIK3CA wild-type, KRAS mutant colorectal cancer, which was mediated by inhibition of mTORC1, inhibition of MCL-1, and activation of BIM. These findings implicate mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic mechanisms as determinants for the efficacy of PI3K/MEK inhibition in the treatment of PIK3CA wild-type, KRAS mutant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Roper
- Tufts Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Tufts Medical Center, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Mark J Sinnamon
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Systems Biology, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Erin M Coffee
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Peter Belmont
- Celgene, Discovery, Oncology Research, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Lily Keung
- Tufts Medical Center, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Larissa Georgeon-Richard
- Tufts Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wei Vivian Wang
- Tufts Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anthony C Faber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jihye Yun
- Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eric S Martin
- Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Philip N Tsichlis
- Tufts Medical Center, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kenneth E Hung
- Pfizer Biotherapeutics Clinical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States
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50
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Oravecz-Wilson KI, Philips ST, Yilmaz ÖH, Ames HM, Li L, Crawford BD, Gauvin AM, Lucas PC, Sitwala K, Downing JR, Morrison SJ, Ross TS. Persistence of leukemia-initiating cells in a conditional knockin model of an imatinib-responsive myeloproliferative disorder. Cancer Cell 2009; 16:137-48. [PMID: 19647224 PMCID: PMC2763369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Revised: 03/21/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite remarkable responses to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib, CML patients are rarely cured by this therapy perhaps due to imatinib refractoriness of leukemia-initiating cells (LICs). Evidence for this is limited because of poor engraftment of human CML-LICs in NOD-SCID mice and nonphysiologic expression of oncogenes in retroviral transduction mouse models. To address these challenges, we generated mice bearing conditional knockin alleles of two human oncogenes: HIP1/PDGFbetaR (H/P) and AML1-ETO (A/E). Unlike retroviral transduction, physiologic expression of H/P or A/E individually failed to induce disease, but coexpression of both H/P and A/E led to rapid onset of a fully penetrant, myeloproliferative disorder, indicating cooperativity between these two alleles. Although imatinib dramatically decreased disease burden, LICs persisted, demonstrating imatinib refractoriness of LICs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Knock-In Techniques
- Genotype
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/drug therapy
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/genetics
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein
- Spleen/metabolism
- Spleen/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven T. Philips
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ömer H. Yilmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Heather M. Ames
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lina Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Brendan D. Crawford
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alice M. Gauvin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Peter C. Lucas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kajal Sitwala
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - James R. Downing
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Sean J. Morrison
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Theodora S. Ross
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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