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Marigorta UM, Millet O, Lu SC, Mato JM. Dysfunctional VLDL metabolism in MASLD. NPJ METABOLIC HEALTH AND DISEASE 2024; 2:16. [PMID: 39049993 PMCID: PMC11263124 DOI: 10.1038/s44324-024-00018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Lipidomics has unveiled the intricate human lipidome, emphasizing the extensive diversity within lipid classes in mammalian tissues critical for cellular functions. This diversity poses a challenge in maintaining a delicate balance between adaptability to recurring physiological changes and overall stability. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), linked to factors such as obesity and diabetes, stems from a compromise in the structural and functional stability of the liver within the complexities of lipid metabolism. This compromise inaccurately senses an increase in energy status, such as during fasting-feeding cycles or an upsurge in lipogenesis. Serum lipidomic studies have delineated three distinct metabolic phenotypes, or "metabotypes" in MASLD. MASLD-A is characterized by lower very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion and triglyceride (TG) levels, associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In contrast, MASLD-C exhibits increased VLDL secretion and TG levels, correlating with elevated CVD risk. An intermediate subtype, with a blend of features, is designated as the MASLD-B metabotype. In this perspective, we examine into recent findings that show the multifaceted regulation of VLDL secretion by S-adenosylmethionine, the primary cellular methyl donor. Furthermore, we explore the differential CVD and hepatic cancer risk across MASLD metabotypes and discuss the context and potential paths forward to gear the findings from genetic studies towards a better understanding of the observed heterogeneity in MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urko M. Marigorta
- Integrative Genomics Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Oscar Millet
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Shelly C. Lu
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - José M. Mato
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, 48160 Derio, Spain
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Hua W, Han X, Li F, Lu L, Sun Y, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Tian M, Lu Y, Huang Q. Transgenerational Effects of Arsenic Exposure on Learning and Memory in Rats: Crosstalk between Arsenic Methylation, Hippocampal Metabolism, and Histone Modifications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6475-6486. [PMID: 38578163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is widely present in the natural environment, and exposure to it can lead to learning and memory impairment. However, the underlying epigenetic mechanisms are still largely unclear. This study aimed to reveal the role of histone modifications in environmental levels of arsenic (sodium arsenite) exposure-induced learning and memory dysfunction in male rats, and the inter/transgenerational effects of paternal arsenic exposure were also investigated. It was found that arsenic exposure impaired the learning and memory ability of F0 rats and down-regulated the expression of cognition-related genes Bdnf, c-Fos, mGlur1, Nmdar1, and Gria2 in the hippocampus. We also observed that inorganic arsenite was methylated to DMA and histone modification-related metabolites were altered, contributing to the dysregulation of H3K4me1/2/3, H3K9me1/2/3, and H3K4ac in rat hippocampus after exposure. Therefore, it is suggested that arsenic methylation and hippocampal metabolism changes attenuated H3K4me1/2/3 and H3K4ac while enhancing H3K9me1/2/3, which repressed the key gene expressions, leading to cognitive impairment in rats exposed to arsenic. In addition, paternal arsenic exposure induced transgenerational effects of learning and memory disorder in F2 male rats through the regulation of H3K4me2 and H3K9me1/2/3, which inhibited c-Fos, mGlur1, and Nmdar1 expression. These results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of arsenic-induced neurotoxicity and highlight the risk of neurological deficits in offspring with paternal exposure to arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Hua
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xuejingping Han
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Fuping Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yiqiong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Shohada-e Tajrish Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Meiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yanyang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qingyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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Yang ZJ, Huang SY, Zhong KY, Huang WG, Huang ZH, He TT, Yang MT, Wusiman M, Zhou DD, Chen S, Huang BX, Luo XL, Li HB, Zhu HL. Betaine alleviates cognitive impairment induced by homocysteine through attenuating NLRP3-mediated microglial pyroptosis in an m 6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner. Redox Biol 2024; 69:103026. [PMID: 38184996 PMCID: PMC10808937 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Dementia, with homocysteine (Hcy) as an important risk factor, is a severe public health problem in the aging society. Betaine serves as a methyl donor and plays an important role in reducing Hcy. However, the effects and mechanisms of betaine on Hcy-induced cognitive impairment remain unclear. Firstly, SD rats were injected with Hcy (400 μg/kg) through vena caudalis, and betaine (2.5 % w/v) was supplemented via drinking water for 14 days. Betaine supplementation could attenuate Hcy-induced cognitive impairment in the Y maze and novel object recognition tests by repairing brain injury. Meanwhile, microglial activation was observed to be inhibited by betaine supplementation using immunofluorescence and sholl analysis. Secondly, HMC3 cells were treated with betaine, which was found to decrease the ROS level, ameliorate cell membrane rupture, reduce the release of LDH, IL-18 and IL-1β, and attenuate the damage of microglia to neurons. Mechanistically, betaine alleviates cognitive impairment by inhibiting microglial pyroptosis via reducing the expressions of NLRP3, ASC, pro-caspase-1, cleaved-caspase-1, GSDMD, GSDMD-N, IL-18 and IL-1β. Betaine treatment can increase SAM/SAH ratio, confirming its enhancement on methylation capacity. Furthermore, betaine treatment was found to enhance N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of NLRP3 mRNA, and reduced the NLRP3 mRNA stability through increasing the expression of the m6A reader YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 2 (YTHDF2). Finally, silencing YTHDF2 could reverse the inhibitory effect of betaine on pyroptosis. Our data demonstrated that betaine attenuated Hcy-induced cognitive impairment by suppressing microglia pyroptosis via inhibiting the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway in an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Si-Yu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Kai-Yi Zhong
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wen-Ge Huang
- Center of Experimental Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zi-Hui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Tong-Tong He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Meng-Tao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Maierhaba Wusiman
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Si Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bi-Xia Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Luo
- Experimental and Teaching Center for Public Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hui-Lian Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Jiang Y, Deng G, Liu C, Tang H, Zheng J, Kong X, Zhao M, Liu Y, Gao P, Li T, Zhao H, Cao Y, Li P, Ma L. Tangshen formula improves diabetic nephropathy in STZ-induced diabetes rats fed with hyper-methionine by regulating the methylation status of kidney. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:1. [PMID: 38167534 PMCID: PMC10763145 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to examine and analyze differential methylation profiles in order to investigate the influence of hyper-methioninemia (HM) on the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Male Wistar rats, aged eight weeks and weighing 250-300 g, were randomly assigned into four groups: a control group (Healthy, n = 8), streptozocin-induced rats (STZ group, n = 8), HM + STZ group (n = 8), and the Tangshen Formula (TSF) treatment group (TSF group, n = 8). Blood glucose levels and other metabolic indicators were monitored before treatment and at four-week intervals until 12 weeks. Total DNA was extracted from the aforementioned groups, and DNA methylation landscapes were analyzed via reduced representative bisulfite sequencing. RESULTS Both the STZ group and HM + STZ group exhibited increased blood glucose levels and urinary albumin/creatinine ratios in comparison with the control group. Notably, the HM + STZ group exhibited a markedly elevated urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (411.90 ± 88.86 mg/g) compared to the STZ group (238.41 ± 62.52 mg/g). TSF-treated rats demonstrated substantial reductions in both blood glucose levels and urinary albumin/creatinine ratios in comparison with the HM + STZ group. In-depth analysis of DNA methylation profiles revealed 797 genes with potential therapeutic effects related to TSF, among which approximately 2.3% had been previously reported as homologous genes. CONCLUSION While HM exacerbates DN through altered methylation patterns at specific CpG sites, TSF holds promise as a viable treatment for DN by restoring abnormal methylation levels. The identification of specific genes provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of DN pathogenesis and offers potential therapeutic targets for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Jiang
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - GuoXiong Deng
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chengyin Liu
- BioChain (Beijing) Science and Technology Inc., No. 18 Hongda South Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Han Tang
- BioChain (Beijing) Science and Technology Inc., No. 18 Hongda South Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaomu Kong
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Meimei Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tianbao Li
- BioChain (Beijing) Science and Technology Inc., No. 18 Hongda South Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yongtong Cao
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Liang Ma
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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5
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Zarembska E, Ślusarczyk K, Wrzosek M. The Implication of a Polymorphism in the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene in Homocysteine Metabolism and Related Civilisation Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:193. [PMID: 38203363 PMCID: PMC10779094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key regulatory enzyme in the one-carbon cycle. This enzyme is essential for the metabolism of methionine, folate, and RNA, as well as for the production of proteins, DNA, and RNA. MTHFR catalyses the irreversible conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to its active form, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a co-substrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine. Numerous variants of the MTHFR gene have been recognised, among which the C677T variant is the most extensively studied. The C677T polymorphism, which results in the conversion of valine to alanine at codon 222, is associated with reduced activity and an increased thermolability of the enzyme. Impaired MTHFR efficiency is associated with increased levels of homocysteine, which can contribute to increased production of reactive oxygen species and the development of oxidative stress. Homocysteine is acknowledged as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, while chronic inflammation serves as the common underlying factor among these issues. Many studies have been conducted to determine whether there is an association between the C677T polymorphism and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and overweight/obesity. There is substantial evidence supporting this association, although several studies have concluded that the polymorphism cannot be reliably used for prediction. This review examines the latest research on MTHFR polymorphisms and their correlation with cardiovascular disease, obesity, and epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Zarembska
- Student Scientific Association “Farmakon”, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Ślusarczyk
- Student Scientific Association “Farmakon”, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, 17a Kasprzaka St., 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wrzosek
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Pham VN, Bruemmer KJ, Toh JDW, Ge EJ, Tenney L, Ward CC, Dingler FA, Millington CL, Garcia-Prieto CA, Pulos-Holmes MC, Ingolia NT, Pontel LB, Esteller M, Patel KJ, Nomura DK, Chang CJ. Formaldehyde regulates S-adenosylmethionine biosynthesis and one-carbon metabolism. Science 2023; 382:eabp9201. [PMID: 37917677 DOI: 10.1126/science.abp9201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
One-carbon metabolism is an essential branch of cellular metabolism that intersects with epigenetic regulation. In this work, we show how formaldehyde (FA), a one-carbon unit derived from both endogenous sources and environmental exposure, regulates one-carbon metabolism by inhibiting the biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the major methyl donor in cells. FA reacts with privileged, hyperreactive cysteine sites in the proteome, including Cys120 in S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-1 (MAT1A). FA exposure inhibited MAT1A activity and decreased SAM production with MAT-isoform specificity. A genetic mouse model of chronic FA overload showed a decrease n SAM and in methylation on selected histones and genes. Epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of Mat1a and related genes function as compensatory mechanisms for FA-dependent SAM depletion, revealing a biochemical feedback cycle between FA and SAM one-carbon units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanha N Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kevin J Bruemmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Joel D W Toh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Eva J Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Logan Tenney
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Carl C Ward
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Felix A Dingler
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher L Millington
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Carlos A Garcia-Prieto
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mia C Pulos-Holmes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nicholas T Ingolia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lucas B Pontel
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Calle Monforte de Lemos, Madrid, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluis Companys, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ketan J Patel
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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7
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Fryar-Williams S, Strobel J, Clements P. Molecular Mechanisms Provide a Landscape for Biomarker Selection for Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Psychosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15296. [PMID: 37894974 PMCID: PMC10607016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Research evaluating the role of the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T) gene in schizophrenia has not yet provided an extended understanding of the proximal pathways contributing to the 5-10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme's activity and the distal pathways being affected by its activity. This review investigates these pathways, describing mechanisms relevant to riboflavin availability, trace mineral interactions, and the 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) product of the MTHFR enzyme. These factors remotely influence vitamin cofactor activation, histamine metabolism, catecholamine metabolism, serotonin metabolism, the oxidative stress response, DNA methylation, and nicotinamide synthesis. These biochemical components form a broad interactive landscape from which candidate markers can be drawn for research inquiry into schizophrenia and other forms of mental illness. Candidate markers drawn from this functional biochemical background have been found to have biomarker status with greater than 90% specificity and sensitivity for achieving diagnostic certainty in schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis. This has implications for achieving targeted treatments for serious mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fryar-Williams
- Youth in Mind Research Institute, Unley Annexe, Mary Street, Unley, SA 5061, Australia
- Department of Nanoscale BioPhotonics, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Jörg Strobel
- Department of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Peter Clements
- Department of Paediatrics, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
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8
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Zheng R, Wu R, Liu Y, Sun Z, Bagheri Y, Xue Z, Mi L, Tian Q, Pho R, Siddiqui S, Ren K, You M. Multiplexed Sequential Imaging in Living Cells with Orthogonal Fluorogenic RNA Aptamer/Dye Pairs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.20.537750. [PMID: 37131625 PMCID: PMC10153257 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.20.537750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell detection of multiple target analytes is an important goal in cell biology. However, due to the spectral overlap of common fluorophores, multiplexed fluorescence imaging beyond two-to-three targets inside living cells remains a technical challenge. Herein, we introduce a multiplexed imaging strategy that enables live-cell target detection via sequential rounds of imaging-and-stripping process, which is named as "sequential Fluorogenic RNA Imaging-Enabled Sensor" (seqFRIES). In seqFRIES, multiple orthogonal fluorogenic RNA aptamers are genetically encoded inside cells, and then the corresponding cell membrane permeable dye molecules are added, imaged, and rapidly removed in consecutive detection cycles. As a proof-of-concept, we have identified in this study five in vitro orthogonal fluorogenic RNA aptamer/dye pairs (>10-fold higher fluorescence signals), four of which can be used for highly orthogonal and multiplexed imaging in living bacterial and mammalian cells. After further optimizing the cellular fluorescence activation and deactivation kinetics of these RNA/dye pairs, the whole four-color semi-quantitative seqFRIES process can now be completed in ~20 min. Meanwhile, seqFRIES-mediated simultaneous detection of two critical signaling molecules, guanosine tetraphosphate and cyclic diguanylate, was also achieved within individual living cells. We expect our validation of this new seqFRIES concept here will facilitate the further development and potential broad usage of these orthogonal fluorogenic RNA/dye pairs for highly multiplexed and dynamic cellular imaging and cell biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Rigumula Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yuanchang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Zhining Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yousef Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Zhaolin Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Lan Mi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Qian Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Raymond Pho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sidrat Siddiqui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Kewei Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Mingxu You
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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9
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Milazzotto MP, Ispada J, de Lima CB. Metabolism-epigenetic interactions on in vitro produced embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2022; 35:84-97. [PMID: 36592974 DOI: 10.1071/rd22203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism and epigenetics, which reciprocally regulate each other in different cell types, are fundamental aspects of cellular adaptation to the environment. Evidence in cancer and stem cells has shown that the metabolic status modifies the epigenome while epigenetic mechanisms regulate the expression of genes involved in metabolic processes, thereby altering the metabolome. This crosstalk occurs as many metabolites serve as substrates or cofactors of chromatin-modifying enzymes. If we consider the intense metabolic dynamic and the epigenetic remodelling of the embryo, the comprehension of these regulatory networks will be important not only for understanding early embryonic development, but also to determine in vitro culture conditions that support embryo development and may insert positive regulatory marks that may persist until adult life. In this review, we focus on how metabolism may affect epigenetic reprogramming of the early stages of development, in particular acetylation and methylation of histone and DNA. We also present other metabolic modifications in bovine embryos, such as lactylation, highlighting the promising epigenetic and metabolic targets to improve conditions for in vitro embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Pecora Milazzotto
- Laboratory of Embryo Metabolism and Epigenomic, Center of Natural and Human Science, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Jessica Ispada
- Laboratory of Embryo Metabolism and Epigenomic, Center of Natural and Human Science, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Bruna de Lima
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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10
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Bergant V, Yamada S, Grass V, Tsukamoto Y, Lavacca T, Krey K, Mühlhofer MT, Wittmann S, Ensser A, Herrmann A, Vom Hemdt A, Tomita Y, Matsuyama S, Hirokawa T, Huang Y, Piras A, Jakwerth CA, Oelsner M, Thieme S, Graf A, Krebs S, Blum H, Kümmerer BM, Stukalov A, Schmidt-Weber CB, Igarashi M, Gramberg T, Pichlmair A, Kato H. Attenuation of SARS-CoV-2 replication and associated inflammation by concomitant targeting of viral and host cap 2'-O-ribose methyltransferases. EMBO J 2022; 41:e111608. [PMID: 35833542 PMCID: PMC9350232 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS‐CoV‐2 infection cycle is a multistage process that relies on functional interactions between the host and the pathogen. Here, we repurposed antiviral drugs against both viral and host enzymes to pharmaceutically block methylation of the viral RNA 2'‐O‐ribose cap needed for viral immune escape. We find that the host cap 2'‐O‐ribose methyltransferase MTr1 can compensate for loss of viral NSP16 methyltransferase in facilitating virus replication. Concomitant inhibition of MTr1 and NSP16 efficiently suppresses SARS‐CoV‐2 replication. Using in silico target‐based drug screening, we identify a bispecific MTr1/NSP16 inhibitor with anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 activity in vitro and in vivo but with unfavorable side effects. We further show antiviral activity of inhibitors that target independent stages of the host SAM cycle providing the methyltransferase co‐substrate. In particular, the adenosylhomocysteinase (AHCY) inhibitor DZNep is antiviral in in vitro, in ex vivo, and in a mouse infection model and synergizes with existing COVID‐19 treatments. Moreover, DZNep exhibits a strong immunomodulatory effect curbing infection‐induced hyperinflammation and reduces lung fibrosis markers ex vivo. Thus, multispecific and metabolic MTase inhibitors constitute yet unexplored treatment options against COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valter Bergant
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Shintaro Yamada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Immunology, University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Vincent Grass
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Yuta Tsukamoto
- Institute of Cardiovascular Immunology, University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Teresa Lavacca
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Karsten Krey
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Maria-Teresa Mühlhofer
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Wittmann
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Armin Ensser
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Herrmann
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Vom Hemdt
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yuriko Tomita
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shutoku Matsuyama
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Hirokawa
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Division of Biomedical Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yiqi Huang
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Antonio Piras
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Constanze A Jakwerth
- Center for Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, Munich, Germany
| | - Madlen Oelsner
- Center for Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Thieme
- Laboratory for functional genome analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Centre, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Graf
- Laboratory for functional genome analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Centre, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Krebs
- Laboratory for functional genome analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Centre, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for functional genome analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Centre, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Beate M Kümmerer
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexey Stukalov
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- Center for Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, Munich, Germany
| | - Manabu Igarashi
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Thomas Gramberg
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Pichlmair
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich partner site, Germany
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Institute of Cardiovascular Immunology, University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
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11
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Kim S, White SM, Radke EG, Dean JL. Harmonization of transcriptomic and methylomic analysis in environmental epidemiology studies for potential application in chemical risk assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 164:107278. [PMID: 35537365 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent efforts have posited the utility of transcriptomic-based approaches to understand chemical-related perturbations in the context of human health risk assessment. Epigenetic modification (e.g., DNA methylation) can influence gene expression changes and is known to occur as a molecular response to some chemical exposures. Characterization of these methylation events is critical to understand the molecular consequences of chemical exposures. In this context, a novel workflow was developed to interrogate publicly available epidemiological transcriptomic and methylomic data to identify relevant pathway level changes in response to chemical exposure, using inorganic arsenic as a case study. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to identify causal methylation events that result in concomitant downstream transcriptional deregulation. This analysis demonstrated an unequal distribution of differentially methylated regions across the human genome. After mapping these events to known genes, significant enrichment of a subset of these pathways suggested that arsenic-mediated methylation may be both specific and non-specific. Parallel GSEA performed on matched transcriptomic samples determined that a substantially reduced subset of these pathways are enriched and that not all chemically-induced methylation results in a downstream alteration in gene expression. The resulting pathways were found to be representative of well-established molecular events known to occur in response to arsenic exposure. The harmonization of enriched transcriptional patterns with those identified from the methylomic platform promoted the characterization of plausibly causal molecular signaling events. The workflow described here enables significant gene and methylation-specific pathways to be identified from whole blood samples of individuals exposed to environmentally relevant chemical levels. As future efforts solidify specific causal relationships between these molecular events and relevant apical endpoints, this novel workflow could aid risk assessments by identifying molecular targets serving as biomarkers of hazard, informing mechanistic understanding, and characterizing dose ranges that promote relevant molecular/epigenetic signaling events occuring in response to chemical exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kim
- Superfund and Emergency Management Division, Region 2, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, NY, USA.
| | - Shana M White
- Chemical and Pollutant Assessment Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, USA.
| | - Elizabeth G Radke
- Chemical and Pollutant Assessment Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, D.C., USA.
| | - Jeffry L Dean
- Chemical and Pollutant Assessment Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, USA.
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12
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Engineering cofactor supply and recycling to drive phenolic acid biosynthesis in yeast. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:520-529. [PMID: 35484257 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Advances in synthetic biology enable microbial hosts to synthesize valuable natural products in an efficient, cost-competitive and safe manner. However, current engineering endeavors focus mainly on enzyme engineering and pathway optimization, leaving the role of cofactors in microbial production of natural products and cofactor engineering largely ignored. Here we systematically engineered the supply and recycling of three cofactors (FADH2, S-adenosyl-L-methion and NADPH) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, for high-level production of the phenolic acids caffeic acid and ferulic acid, the precursors of many pharmaceutical molecules. Tailored engineering strategies were developed for rewiring biosynthesis, compartmentalization and recycling of the cofactors, which enabled the highest production of caffeic acid (5.5 ± 0.2 g l-1) and ferulic acid (3.8 ± 0.3 g l-1) in microbial cell factories. These results demonstrate that cofactors play an essential role in driving natural product biosynthesis and the engineering strategies described here can be easily adopted for regulating the metabolism of other cofactors.
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13
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Ding Z, Cheng R, Liu J, Zhao Y, Ge W, Yang Y, Xu X, Wang S, Zhang J. The suppression of pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 ameliorates experimental hepatic fibrosis in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159102. [PMID: 34995790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) store vitamin A as lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. When activated, these cells lose vitamin A and exhibit an increased capacity for proliferation, mobility, contractility, and the synthesis of collagen and other components of the extracellular matrix. Our previous work demonstrated that the lipid hydrolytic gene pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (mPlrp2) is involved in the hydrolysis of retinyl esters (REs) in the liver. Here, we showed that bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver injury triggered the conditional expression of mPlrp2 in livers and describe evidence of a strong relationship between the expression of mPlrp2 and Acta-2, a marker for activated HSCs. RNA interference targeting mPlrp2 inhibited HSC activation and ameliorated hepatic fibrosis induced by BDL in mice. Liver BDL markedly reduced the adenosine level and increased the ratio between S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis demonstrated an increase in trimethylated histone H3K4 at the mPlrp2 promoter in BDL mice, which was associated with the conditional expression of mPlrp2 in the liver. SAM, a well-known hepatoprotective substance, inhibited mPlrp2 expression and reduced RE hydrolysis in mice with hepatic fibrosis induced by chronic CCl4 treatment. Liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 or BDL was improved in Plrp2-/- mice. Our results reveal that mPlrp2 suppression is a potential approach for treating hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ding
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhao Liu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Ge
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiming Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
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14
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Milazzotto MP, Noonan MJ, de Almeida Monteiro Melo Ferraz M. Mining RNAseq data reveals dynamic metaboloepigenetic profiles in human, mouse and bovine pre-implantation embryos. iScience 2022; 25:103904. [PMID: 35252810 PMCID: PMC8889150 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Metaboloepigenetic regulation has been reported in stem cells, germ cells, and tumor cells. Embryonic metaboloepigenetics, however, have just begun to be described. Here we analyzed RNAseq data to characterize the metaboloepigenetic profiles of human, mouse, and bovine pre-implantation embryos. In embryos, metaboloepigenetic reprogramming was species-specific, varied with the developmental stage and was disrupted with in vitro culture. Metabolic pathways and gene expressions were strongly correlated with early embryo DNA methylation and were changed with in vitro culture. Although the idea that the in vitro environment may influence development is not new, there has been little progress on improving pregnancy rates after decades using in vitro fertilization. Hence, the present data will contribute to understanding how the in vitro manipulation affects the metaboloepigenetic status of early embryos, which can be used to establish culture strategies aimed at improving the in vitro environment and, consequently, pregnancy rates and offspring health. Embryonic metaboloepigenetic reprogramming is stage- and species-specific In vitro culture disrupts the in vivo embryonic metaboloepigenetic reprogramming Metabolic genes and pathways are highly correlated with embryo methylome
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Pecora Milazzotto
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, São Paulo, 09210-580 Santo André, Brazil
| | - Michael James Noonan
- The Irving K. Barber School of Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Marcia de Almeida Monteiro Melo Ferraz
- Gene Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Clinic of Ruminants, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Corresponding author
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15
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Knežević S, Ognjanović M, Gavrović Jankulović M, Đurašinović T, Antić B, Djurić SV, Stanković DM. S‐Adenosyl‐L‐Homocysteine Hydrolase Immobilized on Citric Acid‐capped Gallium Oxyhydroxide on SWCNTs Modified Electrode for AdoHcy Impedimetric Sensing. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Knežević
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Belgrade Studentski Trg 12–16 11000 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Miloš Ognjanović
- “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade Mike Petrovića Alasa 12–14 11000 Belgrade Serbia
| | | | - Tatjana Đurašinović
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Military Medical Academy Crnotravska 17 11000 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Bratislav Antić
- “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade Mike Petrovića Alasa 12–14 11000 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Sanja Vranješ Djurić
- “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade Mike Petrovića Alasa 12–14 11000 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Dalibor M. Stanković
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Belgrade Studentski Trg 12–16 11000 Belgrade Serbia
- “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade Mike Petrovića Alasa 12–14 11000 Belgrade Serbia
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16
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Goh YQ, Cheam G, Wang Y. Understanding Choline Bioavailability and Utilization: First Step Toward Personalizing Choline Nutrition. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10774-10789. [PMID: 34392687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Choline is an essential macronutrient involved in neurotransmitter synthesis, cell-membrane signaling, lipid transport, and methyl-group metabolism. Nevertheless, the vast majority are not meeting the recommended intake requirement. Choline deficiency is linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, skeletal muscle atrophy, and neurodegenerative diseases. The conversion of dietary choline to trimethylamine by gut microbiota is known for its association with atherosclerosis and may contribute to choline deficiency. Choline-utilizing bacteria constitutes less than 1% of the gut community and is modulated by lifestyle interventions such as dietary patterns, antibiotics, and probiotics. In addition, choline utilization is also affected by genetic factors, further complicating the impact of choline on health. This review overviews the complex interplay between dietary intakes of choline, gut microbiota and genetic factors, and the subsequent impact on health. Understanding of gut microbiota metabolism of choline substrates and interindividual variability is warranted in the development of personalized choline nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qi Goh
- Singapore Phenome Center, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921
| | - Guoxiang Cheam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Yulan Wang
- Singapore Phenome Center, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921
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17
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Abstract
Assisted reproductive technology is today considered a safe and reliable medical intervention, with healthy live births a reality for many IVF and ICSI treatment cycles. However, there are increasing numbers of published reports describing epigenetic/imprinting anomalies in children born as a result of these procedures. These anomalies have been attributed to methylation errors in embryo chromatin remodelling during in vitro culture. Here we re-visit three concepts: (1) the so-called 'in vitro toxicity' of 'essential amino acids' before the maternal to zygotic transition period; (2) the effect of hyperstimulation (controlled ovarian hyperstimulation) on homocysteine in the oocyte environment and the effect on methylation in the absence of essential amino acids; and (3) the fact/postulate that during the early stages of development the embryo undergoes a 'global' demethylation. Methylation processes require efficient protection against oxidative stress, which jeopardizes the correct acquisition of methylation marks as well as subsequent methylation maintenance. The universal precursor of methylation [by S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)], methionine, 'an essential amino acid', should be present in the culture. Polyamines, regulators of methylation, require SAM and arginine for their syntheses. Cystine, another 'semi-essential amino acid', is the precursor of the universal protective antioxidant molecule: glutathione. It protects methylation marks against some undue DNA demethylation processes through ten-eleven translocation (TET), after formation of hydroxymethyl cytosine. Early embryos are unable to convert homocysteine to cysteine as the cystathionine β-synthase pathway is not active. In this way, cysteine is a 'real essential amino acid'. Most IVF culture medium do not maintain methylation/epigenetic processes, even in mouse assays. Essential amino acids should be present in human IVF medium to maintain adequate epigenetic marking in preimplantation embryos. Furthermore, morphological and morphometric data need to be re-evaluated, taking into account the basic biochemical processes involved in early life.
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18
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Effects of maternal gestational diet, with or without methionine, on muscle transcriptome of Bos indicus-influenced beef calves following a vaccine-induced immunological challenge. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253810. [PMID: 34166453 PMCID: PMC8224847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutrition during gestation can cause epigenetic effects that translate to alterations in gene expression in offspring. This 2-year study employed RNA-sequencing technology to evaluate the pre- and post-vaccination muscle transcriptome of early-weaned Bos indicus-influenced beef calves born from dams offered different supplementation strategies from 57 ± 5 d prepartum until 17 ± 5 d postpartum. Seventy-two Brangus heifers (36 heifers/yr) were stratified by body weight and body condition score and assigned to bahiagrass pastures (3 heifers/pasture/yr). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures and consisted of (i) no pre- or postpartum supplementation (NOSUP), (ii) pre- and postpartum supplementation of protein and energy using 7.2 kg of dry matter/heifer/wk of molasses + urea (MOL), or (iii) MOL fortified with 105 g/heifer/wk of methionine hydroxy analog (MOLMET). Calves were weaned on d 147 of the study. On d 154, 24 calves/yr (8 calves/treatment) were randomly selected and individually limit-fed a high-concentrate diet until d 201. Calves were vaccinated on d 160. Muscle biopsies were collected from the same calves (4 calves/treatment/day/yr) on d 154 (pre-vaccination) and 201 (post-vaccination) for gene expression analysis using RNA sequencing. Molasses maternal supplementation led to a downregulation of genes associated with muscle cell differentiation and development along with intracellular signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt and TGF-β signaling pathway) compared to no maternal supplementation. Maternal fortification with methionine altered functional gene-sets involved in amino acid transport and metabolism and the one-carbon cycle. In addition, muscle transcriptome was impacted by vaccination with a total of 2,396 differentially expressed genes (FDR ≤ 0.05) on d 201 vs. d 154. Genes involved in cell cycle progression, extracellular matrix, and collagen formation were upregulated after vaccination. This study demonstrated that maternal supplementation of energy and protein, with or without, methionine has long-term implications on the muscle transcriptome of offspring and potentially influence postnatal muscle development.
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19
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Huang W, Li N, Zhang Y, Wang X, Yin M, Lei QY. AHCYL1 senses SAH to inhibit autophagy through interaction with PIK3C3 in an MTORC1-independent manner. Autophagy 2021; 18:309-319. [PMID: 33993848 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1924038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (SAH), an amino acid derivative, is a key intermediate metabolite in methionine metabolism, which is normally considered as a harmful by-product and hydrolyzed quickly once formed. AHCY (adenosylhomocysteinase) converts SAH into homocysteine and adenosine. There are two other members in the AHCY family, AHCYL1 (adenosylhomocysteinase like 1) and AHCYL2 (adenosylhomocysteinase like 2). Here we define AHCYL1 function as a SAH sensor to inhibit macroautophagy/autophagy through PIK3C3. The C terminus of AHCYL1 interacts with SAH specifically and the interaction with SAH promotes the binding of the N terminus to the catalytic domain of PIK3C3, resulting in inhibition of PIK3C3. More importantly, this observation was further validated in vivo, indicating that SAH functions as a signaling molecule. Our study uncovers a new axis of SAH-AHCYL1-PIK3C3, which senses the intracellular level of SAH to inhibit autophagy in an MTORC1-independent manner.Abbreviations: ADOX: adenosine dialdehyde; AHCY: adenosylhomocysteinase; AHCYL1: adenosylhomocysteinase like 1; cLEU: cycloleucine; PIK3C3: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; SAH: S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine; SAM: S-adenosyl-l-methionine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Yin
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun-Ying Lei
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Morellato AE, Umansky C, Pontel LB. The toxic side of one-carbon metabolism and epigenetics. Redox Biol 2021; 40:101850. [PMID: 33418141 PMCID: PMC7804977 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One-carbon metabolism is a central metabolic hub that provides one-carbon units for essential biosynthetic reactions and for writing epigenetics marks. The leading role in this hub is performed by the one-carbon carrier tetrahydrofolate (THF), which accepts formaldehyde usually from serine generating one-carbon THF intermediates in a set of reactions known as the folate or one-carbon cycle. THF derivatives can feed one-carbon units into purine and thymidine synthesis, and into the methionine cycle that produces the universal methyl-donor S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet). AdoMet delivers methyl groups for epigenetic methylations and it is metabolized to homocysteine (Hcy), which can enter the transsulfuration pathway for the production of cysteine and lastly glutathione (GSH), the main cellular antioxidant. This vital role of THF comes to an expense. THF and other folate derivatives are susceptible to oxidative breakdown releasing formaldehyde, which can damage DNA -a consequence prevented by the Fanconi Anaemia DNA repair pathway. Epigenetic demethylations catalysed by lysine-specific demethylases (LSD) and Jumonji histone demethylases can also release formaldehyde, constituting a potential threat for genome integrity. In mammals, the toxicity of formaldehyde is limited by a metabolic route centred on the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (ADH5/GSNOR), which oxidizes formaldehyde conjugated to GSH, lastly generating formate. Remarkably, this formate can be a significant source of one-carbon units, thus defining a formaldehyde cycle that likely restricts the toxicity of one-carbon metabolism and epigenetic demethylations. This work describes recent advances in one-carbon metabolism and epigenetics, focusing on the steps that involve formaldehyde flux and that might lead to cytotoxicity affecting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín E Morellato
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla Umansky
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas B Pontel
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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21
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Wahba AE, Fedele D, Gebril H, AlHarfoush E, Toti KS, Jacobson KA, Boison D. Adenosine Kinase Expression Determines DNA Methylation in Cancer Cell Lines. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:680-686. [PMID: 33860193 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation has a major role in cancer, and its inhibitors are used therapeutically. DNA methylation depends on methyl group flux through the transmethylation pathway, which forms adenosine. We hypothesized that an adenosine kinase isoform with nuclear expression (ADK-L) determines global DNA methylation in cancer cells. We quantified ADK-L expression (Western Blot) and global DNA methylation as percent 5-methyldeoxycytidine (5mdC, LC-MS/MS) in three cancer lines (HeLa, HepG2, and U373). ADK-L expression and global DNA methylation correlated positively with the highest levels in HeLa cells compared to U373 and HepG2 cells. To determine whether ADK increases global DNA methylation and to validate its potential therapeutics, we treated HeLa cells with potent ADK inhibitors MRS4203 and MRS4380 (IC50 88 and 140 nM, respectively). Both nucleosides, but not a structurally related poor ADK inhibitor, significantly reduced global DNA methylation in HeLa cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, ADK-L is a potential target for the therapeutic manipulation of DNA methylation levels in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir E Wahba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Denise Fedele
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Hoda Gebril
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Enmar AlHarfoush
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kiran S Toti
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 8A, Room B1A-19, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 8A, Room B1A-19, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Detlev Boison
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.,Rutgers Neurosurgery H.O.P.E. Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
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22
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Accumulation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, L-arginine and Glucose Metabolites by Liver Tumor Cells Are the Important Characteristic Features of Metabolic Syndrome and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis-Associated Hepatocarcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207746. [PMID: 33092030 PMCID: PMC7594076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To uncover mechanisms and explore novel biomarkers of obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-associated hepatocarcinogenesis, cellular and molecular alterations in the liver, and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) were investigated in NASH model 60-week-old Tsumura, Suzuki, Obese Diabetic (TSOD) mice and NASH HCC patients. Markedly elevated lipid deposition, inflammation, fibrosis, and peroxisome proliferation in the liver, preneoplastic lesions, and HCCs of TSOD mice were accompanied by accumulation of polysaccharides in the cellular cytoplasm and nuclei and increase of oxidative DNA damage marker, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) formation in the liver and altered foci. Metabolomics of TSOD mice HCCs demonstrated significant elevation of the concentration of amino acid L-arginine, phosphocreatine, S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio, adenylate, and guanylate energy charges in coordination with tremendous rise of glucose metabolites, mostly fructose 1,6-diphosphate. L-arginine accumulation in HCCs was associated with significant under-expression of arginase 1 (ARG1), suppression of the urea cycle, methionine and putrescine degradation pathways, activation of Ser and Thr kinase Akt AKT, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) kinases, β-catenin, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and cell proliferation. Furthermore, clinicopathological analysis in 20 metabolic syndrome/NASH and 80 HCV-positive HCC patients demonstrated significant correlation of negative ARG1 expression with poor tumor differentiation, higher pathological stage, and significant decrease of survival in metabolic syndrome/NASH-associated HCC patients, thus indicating that ARG1 could become a potential marker for NASH HCC. From these results, formation of oxidative stress and 8-OHdG in the DNA and elevation of glucose metabolites and L-arginine due to ARG1 suppression in mice liver cells are the important characteristics of T2DM/NASH-associated hepatocarcinogenesis, which may take part in activating oxidative stress resistance, synthesis of phosphocreatine, cell signaling, methylation, and proliferation.
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23
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Mungala Lengo A, Guiraut C, Mohamed I, Lavoie JC. Relationship between redox potential of glutathione and DNA methylation level in liver of newborn guinea pigs. Epigenetics 2020; 15:1348-1360. [PMID: 32594836 PMCID: PMC7678935 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1781024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of DNA methylation is reported to be sensitive to oxidant molecules or oxidative stress. Hypothesis: early-life oxidative stress characterized by the redox potential of glutathione influences the DNA methylation level. The in vivo study aimed at the impact of modulating redox potential of glutathione on DNA methylation. Newborn guinea pigs received different nutritive modalities for 4 days: oral nutrition, parenteral nutrition including lipid emulsion Intralipid (PN-IL) or SMOFLipid (PN-SF), protected or not from ambient light. Livers were collected for biochemical determinations. Redox potential (p < 0.001) and DNA methylation (p < 0.01) were higher in PN-infused animals and even higher in PN-SF. Their positive correlation was significant (r2 = 0.51; p < 0.001). Methylation activity was higher in PN groups (p < 0.01). Protein levels of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)-1 were lower in PN groups (p < 0.01) while those of both DNMT3a isoforms were increased (p < 0.01) and significantly correlated with redox potential (r2 > 0.42; p < 0.001). The ratio of SAM (substrate) to SAH (inhibitor) was positively correlated with the redox potential (r2 = 0.36; p < 0.001). In conclusion, early in life, the redox potential value strongly influences the DNA methylation metabolism, resulting in an increase of DNA methylation as a function of increased oxidative stress. These results support the notion that early-life oxidative stress can reprogram the metabolism epigenetically. This study emphasizes once again the importance of improving the quality of parenteral nutrition solutions administered early in life, especially to newborn infants. Abbreviation of Title: Parenteral nutrition and DNA methylation
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Mungala Lengo
- Department of Nutrition, Université De Montréal, CHU Sainte-Justine , Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Clémence Guiraut
- Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université De Montréal , Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Mohamed
- Department of Nutrition, Université De Montréal, CHU Sainte-Justine , Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université De Montréal , Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Lavoie
- Department of Nutrition, Université De Montréal, CHU Sainte-Justine , Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université De Montréal , Montréal, QC, Canada
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24
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Fustin JM, Ye S, Rakers C, Kaneko K, Fukumoto K, Yamano M, Versteven M, Grünewald E, Cargill SJ, Tamai TK, Xu Y, Jabbur ML, Kojima R, Lamberti ML, Yoshioka-Kobayashi K, Whitmore D, Tammam S, Howell PL, Kageyama R, Matsuo T, Stanewsky R, Golombek DA, Johnson CH, Kakeya H, van Ooijen G, Okamura H. Methylation deficiency disrupts biological rhythms from bacteria to humans. Commun Biol 2020; 3:211. [PMID: 32376902 PMCID: PMC7203018 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The methyl cycle is a universal metabolic pathway providing methyl groups for the methylation of nuclei acids and proteins, regulating all aspects of cellular physiology. We have previously shown that methyl cycle inhibition in mammals strongly affects circadian rhythms. Since the methyl cycle and circadian clocks have evolved early during evolution and operate in organisms across the tree of life, we sought to determine whether the link between the two is also conserved. Here, we show that methyl cycle inhibition affects biological rhythms in species ranging from unicellular algae to humans, separated by more than 1 billion years of evolution. In contrast, the cyanobacterial clock is resistant to methyl cycle inhibition, although we demonstrate that methylations themselves regulate circadian rhythms in this organism. Mammalian cells with a rewired bacteria-like methyl cycle are protected, like cyanobacteria, from methyl cycle inhibition, providing interesting new possibilities for the treatment of methylation deficiencies. Fustin et al. reveal the evolutionarily conserved link between methyl metabolism and biological clocks. This study suggests the possibility of translating fundamental understanding of methylation deficiencies to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Fustin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Metabology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. .,The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Shiqi Ye
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Metabology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Christin Rakers
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kaneko
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Fukumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Metabology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mayu Yamano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Metabology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Marijke Versteven
- Institute of Neuro- and Behavioral Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ellen Grünewald
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - T Katherine Tamai
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maria Luísa Jabbur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Melisa L Lamberti
- Department of Science and Technology, National University of Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - David Whitmore
- Centre for Cell and Molecular Dynamics, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephanie Tammam
- Molecular Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P Lynne Howell
- Molecular Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ryoichiro Kageyama
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsuo
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ralf Stanewsky
- Institute of Neuro- and Behavioral Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Diego A Golombek
- Department of Science and Technology, National University of Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Hideaki Kakeya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gerben van Ooijen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hitoshi Okamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. .,Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Division of Physiology and Neurobiology, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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25
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Chen Q, Zhang Y, Meng Q, Wang S, Yu X, Cai D, Cheng P, Li Y, Bian H. Liuwei Dihuang prevents postmenopausal atherosclerosis and endothelial cell apoptosis via inhibiting DNMT1-medicated ERα methylation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 252:112531. [PMID: 31926314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The classical and traditional Chinese medicine prescription, Liuwei Dihuang (LWDH), has been commonly used to treat the menopausal syndrome. It has been reported that LWDH could improve estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression to prevent atherosclerosis (AS), while the mechanism of LWDH on regulating ERα expression was still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To reveal the mechanism of LWDH on regulating the ERα expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS The protective effect of LWDH on Hcy-induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was examined. The expression of ERα and DNA methyltransferases 1 (DNMT1) were detected by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The methylation rate of the ERα gene was assayed by the bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was applied to determine the level of S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM) and S-Adenosyl homocysteine (SAH). In vivo, the ApoE-/- mice were ovariectomized to establish postmenopausal atherosclerosis (AS) model. RESULTS In vitro study showed that LWDH protects HUVECs from Hcy-induced apoptosis. Treatment with LWDH significantly increased the ERα expression and reduced the methylation rate of the ERα gene by inhibiting the DNMT1 expression. The level of main methyl donor SAM and the ration of SAM/SAH were reduced by LWDH. In vivo, LWDH prevented the formation of plaque and reduced the concentration of Hcy. In addition, LWDH upregulated the ERα expression, as well as inhibiting the expression of DNMT1 in atherosclerotic mice. CONCLUSIONS LWDH exerted protective effects on postmenopausal AS mice, and HUVECs treated with Hcy. LWDH increased of ERα expression via inhibiting DNMT1-dependent ERα methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Qinghai Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Suyun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xichao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Danfeng Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Peng Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yu Li
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Huimin Bian
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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26
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Yan LL, Simms CL, McLoughlin F, Vierstra RD, Zaher HS. Oxidation and alkylation stresses activate ribosome-quality control. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5611. [PMID: 31819057 PMCID: PMC6901537 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidation and alkylation of nucleobases are known to disrupt their base-pairing properties within RNA. It is, however, unclear whether organisms have evolved general mechanism(s) to deal with this damage. Here we show that the mRNA-surveillance pathway of no-go decay and the associated ribosome-quality control are activated in response to nucleobase alkylation and oxidation. Our findings reveal that these processes are important for clearing chemically modified mRNA and the resulting aberrant-protein products. In the absence of Xrn1, the level of damaged mRNA significantly increases. Furthermore, deletion of LTN1 results in the accumulation of protein aggregates in the presence of oxidizing and alkylating agents. This accumulation is accompanied by Hel2-dependent regulatory ubiquitylation of ribosomal proteins. Collectively, our data highlight the burden of chemically damaged mRNA on cellular homeostasis and suggest that organisms evolved mechanisms to counter their accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liewei L Yan
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Carrie L Simms
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Fionn McLoughlin
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Richard D Vierstra
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Hani S Zaher
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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27
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Abstract
Similar to many other biological molecules, RNA is vulnerable to chemical insults from endogenous and exogenous sources. Noxious agents such as reactive oxygen species or alkylating chemicals have the potential to profoundly affect the chemical properties and hence the function of RNA molecules in the cell. Given the central role of RNA in many fundamental biological processes, including translation and splicing, changes to its chemical composition can have a detrimental impact on cellular fitness, with some evidence suggesting that RNA damage has roles in diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders. We are only just beginning to learn about how cells cope with RNA damage, with recent studies revealing the existence of quality-control processes that are capable of recognizing and degrading or repairing damaged RNA. Here, we begin by reviewing the most abundant types of chemical damage to RNA, including oxidation and alkylation. Focusing on mRNA damage, we then discuss how alterations to this species of RNA affect its function and how cells respond to these challenges to maintain proteostasis. Finally, we briefly discuss how chemical damage to noncoding RNAs such as rRNA, tRNA, small nuclear RNA, and small nucleolar RNA is likely to affect their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liewei L. Yan
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Hani S. Zaher
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, To whom correspondence should be addressed:
Dept. of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1137, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO 63130. Tel.:
314-935-7662; Fax:
314-935-4432; E-mail:
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28
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Heal KR, Kellogg NA, Carlson LT, Lionheart RM, Ingalls AE. Metabolic Consequences of Cobalamin Scarcity in the Diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana as Revealed Through Metabolomics. Protist 2019; 170:328-348. [PMID: 31260945 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms perform an estimated 20% of global photosynthesis, form the base of the marine food web, and sequester carbon into the deep ocean through the biological pump. In some areas of the ocean, diatom growth is limited by the micronutrient cobalamin (vitamin B12), yet the biochemical ramifications of cobalamin limitation are not well understood. In a laboratory setting, we grew the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana under replete and low cobalamin conditions to elucidate changes in metabolite pools. Using metabolomics, we show that the diatom experienced a metabolic cascade under cobalamin limitation that affected the central methionine cycle, transsulfuration pathway, and composition of osmolyte pools. In T. pseudonana, 5'-methylthioadenosine decreased under low cobalamin conditions, suggesting a disruption in the diatom's polyamine biosynthesis. Furthermore, two acylcarnitines accumulated under low cobalamin, suggesting the limited use of an adenosylcobalamin-dependent enzyme, methylmalonyl CoA mutase. Overall, these changes in metabolite pools yield insight into the metabolic consequences of cobalamin limitation in diatoms and suggest that cobalamin availability may have consequences for microbial interactions that are based on metabolite production by phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Heal
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Natalie A Kellogg
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Laura T Carlson
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Regina M Lionheart
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anitra E Ingalls
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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29
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Deng Q, Luo Y, Chang C, Wu H, Ding Y, Xiao R. The Emerging Epigenetic Role of CD8+T Cells in Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review. Front Immunol 2019; 10:856. [PMID: 31057561 PMCID: PMC6482221 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are usually complex and multifactorial, characterized by aberrant production of autoreactive immune cells and/or autoantibodies against healthy cells and tissues. However, the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has not been clearly elucidated. The activation, differentiation, and development of CD8+ T cells can be affected by numerous inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors, and chemokines. In recent years, epigenetic modifications have been shown to play an important role in the fate of CD8+ T cells. The discovery of these modifications that contribute to the activation or suppression of CD8+ cells has been concurrent with the increasing evidence that CD8+ T cells play a role in autoimmunity. These relationships have been studied in various autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic sclerosis (SSc), type 1 diabetes (T1D), Grave's disease (GD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), aplastic anemia (AA), and vitiligo. In each of these diseases, genes that play a role in the proliferation or activation of CD8+ T cells have been found to be affected by epigenetic modifications. Various cytokines, transcription factors, and other regulatory molecules have been found to be differentially methylated in CD8+ T cells in autoimmune diseases. These genes are involved in T cell regulation, including interferons, interleukin (IL),tumor necrosis factor (TNF), as well as linker for activation of T cells (LAT), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), and adapter proteins. MiRNAs also play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases and several known miRNAs that are involved in these diseases have also been shown to play a role in CD8+ regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiancheng Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangyang Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Haijing Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Hainan Provincial Dermatology Disease Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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30
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Hoffman RM, Stern PH, Coalson DW, Douglas Wallace C, Erbe RW. Altered Methionine Metabolism in Cancer Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1866:13-26. [PMID: 30725404 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8796-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Many different types of cancer cells have been shown to be methionine (MET) dependent. Cancer cells, unlike normal cells, grow poorly or not at all when MET is restricted. Cancer cells have an elevated requirement for exogenous MET for growth, despite high levels of endogenous synthesis. This requirement reflects increased utilization of MET by cancer cells, analogous to increased utilization glucose by cancer cells (Warburg effect). To answer the critical question of whether MET-dependent cancer cells synthesize normal amounts of MET, we determined the levels of MET, S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMET), and S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHCY) that were synthesized by MET-dependent cancer cells under conditions of MET restriction. We demonstrated that MET-dependent cells synthesize a normal amount of endogenously synthesized MET but are still deficient in AdoMET. In contrast, exogenously supplied MET results in normal AdoMET levels. The ratio of AdoMET to AdoHCY is low in MET-dependent cells growing in MET-restricted medium but is normal when MET is supplied. Under conditions of MET restriction, the low AdoMET/AdoHCY ratio probably limits proliferation of MET-dependent cancer cells. The amount of free MET is also low in MET-dependent cancer cells under MET restriction. The elevated MET requirement for cancer cells may be due to enhanced overall rates of transmethylation compared to normal human cells. Thus, MET-dependent cancer cells have low levels of free MET, low levels of AdoMET, and elevated levels of AdoHCY under conditions of MET restriction probably due to overuse of MET for transmethylation reactions ("Hoffman effect"), thereby blocking cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | - Dennis W Coalson
- Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Richard W Erbe
- Pediatrics and Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Division of Genetics, The Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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31
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Metabolic Signaling into Chromatin Modifications in the Regulation of Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124108. [PMID: 30567372 PMCID: PMC6321258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of cellular metabolism is coordinated through a tissue cross-talk by hormonal control. This leads to the establishment of specific transcriptional gene programs which adapt to environmental stimuli. On the other hand, recent advances suggest that metabolic pathways could directly signal into chromatin modifications and impact on specific gene programs. The key metabolites acetyl-CoA or S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) are examples of important metabolic hubs which play in addition a role in chromatin acetylation and methylation. In this review, we will discuss how intermediary metabolism impacts on transcription regulation and the epigenome with a particular focus in metabolic disorders.
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Soda K. Polyamine Metabolism and Gene Methylation in Conjunction with One-Carbon Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3106. [PMID: 30309036 PMCID: PMC6213949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent investigations have revealed that changes in DNA methylation status play an important role in aging-associated pathologies and lifespan. The methylation of DNA is regulated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b) in the presence of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), which serves as a methyl group donor. Increased availability of SAM enhances DNMT activity, while its metabolites, S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (SAH) and decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dcSAM), act to inhibit DNMT activity. SAH, which is converted from SAM by adding a methyl group to cytosine residues in DNA, is an intermediate precursor of homocysteine. dcSAM, converted from SAM by the enzymatic activity of adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, provides an aminopropyl group to synthesize the polyamines spermine and spermidine. Increased homocysteine levels are a significant risk factor for the development of a wide range of conditions, including cardiovascular diseases. However, successful homocysteine-lowering treatment by vitamins (B6, B12, and folate) failed to improve these conditions. Long-term increased polyamine intake elevated blood spermine levels and inhibited aging-associated pathologies in mice and humans. Spermine reversed changes (increased dcSAM, decreased DNMT activity, aberrant DNA methylation, and proinflammatory status) induced by the inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase. The relation between polyamine metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, DNA methylation, and the biological mechanism of spermine-induced lifespan extension is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyasu Soda
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma, Omiya, Saitama-city, Saitama Prefecture 330-8503, Japan.
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Wang Z, Long H, Chang C, Zhao M, Lu Q. Crosstalk between metabolism and epigenetic modifications in autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive overview. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3353-3369. [PMID: 29974127 PMCID: PMC11105184 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Little information is available regarding mechanistic links between epigenetic modifications and autoimmune diseases. It seems plausible to surmise that aberrant gene expression and energy metabolism would disrupt immune tolerance, which could ultimately result in autoimmune responses. Metaboloepigenetics is an emerging paradigm that defines the interrelationships between metabolism and epigenetics. Epigenetic modifications, such as the methylation/demethylation of DNA and histone proteins and histone acetylation/deacetylation can be dynamically produced and eliminated by a group of enzymes that consume several metabolites derived from various physiological pathways. Recent insights into cellular metabolism have demonstrated that environmental stimuli such as dietary exposure and nutritional status act through the variation in concentration of metabolites to affect epigenetic regulation and breakdown biochemical homeostasis. Metabolites, including S-adenosylmethionine, acetyl-CoA, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, α-ketoglutarate, and ATP serve as cofactors for chromatin-modifying enzymes, such as methyltransferases, deacetylases and kinases, which are responsible for chromatin remodelling. The concentration of crucial nutrients, such as glucose, glutamine, and oxygen, spatially and temporally modulate epigenetic modifications to regulate gene expression and the reaction to stressful microenvironments in disease pathology. In this review, we focus on the interaction between metabolic intermediates and epigenetic modifications, integrating environmental signals with programmes through modification of the epigenome-metabolome to speculate as to how this may influence autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, No. 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hai Long
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, No. 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Suite 6510, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, No. 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, No. 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Abbasi IHR, Abbasi F, Wang L, Abd El Hack ME, Swelum AA, Hao R, Yao J, Cao Y. Folate promotes S-adenosyl methionine reactions and the microbial methylation cycle and boosts ruminants production and reproduction. AMB Express 2018; 8:65. [PMID: 29687201 PMCID: PMC5913057 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate has gained significant attention due to its vital role in biological methylation and epigenetic machinery. Folate, or vitamin (B9), is only produced through a de novo mechanism by plants and micro-organisms in the rumen of mature animals. Although limited research has been conducted on folate in ruminants, it has been noted that ruminal synthesis could not maintain folate levels in high yielding dairy animals. Folate has an essential role in one-carbon metabolism and is a strong antiproliferative agent. Folate increases DNA stability, being crucial for DNA synthesis and repair, the methylation cycle, and preventing oxidation of DNA by free radicals. Folate is also critical for cell division, metabolism of proteins, synthesis of purine and pyrimidine, and increasing the de novo delivery of methyl groups and S-adenosylmethionine. However, in ruminants, metabolism of B12 and B9 vitamins are closely connected and utilization of folate by cells is significantly affected by B12 vitamin concentration. Supplementation of folate through diet, particularly in early lactation, enhanced metabolic efficiency, lactational performance, and nutritional quality of milk. Impaired absorption, oxidative degradation, or deficient supply of folate in ruminants affects DNA stability, cell division, homocysteine remethylation to methionine, de novo synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine, and increases DNA hypomethylation, uracil misincorporation into DNA, chromosomal damage, abnormal cell growth, oxidative species, premature birth, low calf weight, placental tube defects, and decreases production and reproduction of ruminant animals. However, more studies are needed to overcome these problems and reduce enormous dietary supplement waste and impaired absorption of folate in ruminants. This review was aimed to highlight the vital role of folic acid in ruminants performance.
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Shimada R, Ebihara K. Soybean amplifies the hypohomocysteinemic effect of betaine and improves its hypercholesterolemic effect. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:669-676. [PMID: 29207911 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1403886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether soybean (SB) and soy protein isolate (SPI) can prevent the betaine-induced elevation of plasma cholesterol as well as maintain the betaine-induced reduction of plasma Hcy concentration. Rats were fed casein-, SB-, or SPI-based diet with or without betaine; SPI-based diet with betaine containing soybean fiber (SF) or soy lecithin (SL) or the combination of SF and SL. Plasma Hcy concentration was decreased by feeding betaine to rats fed the casein-, SB-, and SPI-based diets. Betaine-induced elevation of plasma cholesterol was decreased by feeding the SB-based diet compared with the casein-based diet, but was not decreased by feeding the SPI-based diet. In rats fed the SPI-based diet, the increased concentration of plasma cholesterol by betaine feeding was not prevented by independent addition of SL or SF, but was prevented by a combination of SL and SF, and was associated with increased fecal excretion of bile acids.
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Key Words
- BHMT, betaine-homocysteine-S-methyltransferase
- Betaine
- CBS, cystathionine β-synthesis
- CYP7A1, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase
- HMG-CoA reductase, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase
- Hcy, homocysteine
- MS, methionine synthesis
- MTP, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein
- SAH, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
- SAM, S-adenosylmethionine, SPI, soy protein isolate
- SB, soybean
- SF, soy fiber
- SL, soy lecithin
- TG, triglyceride
- plasma cholesterol
- plasma homocysteine
- soy protein isolate
- soybean
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Shimada
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , Osaka Aoyama University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ebihara
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , Osaka Aoyama University , Osaka , Japan
- b Department of Biological Resources, Faculty of Agriculture , Ehime University , Matsuyama , Japan
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36
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Du X, Tian M, Wang X, Zhang J, Huang Q, Liu L, Shen H. Cortex and hippocampus DNA epigenetic response to a long-term arsenic exposure via drinking water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:590-600. [PMID: 29223816 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The neurotoxicity of arsenic is a serious health problem, especially for children. DNA epigenetic change may be an important pathogenic mechanism, but the molecular pathway remains obscure. In this study, the weaned male Sprague-Dawly (SD) rats were treated with arsenic trioxide via drinking water for 6 months, simulating real developmental exposure situation of children. Arsenic exposure impaired the cognitive abilities, and altered the expression of neuronal activity-regulated genes. Total arsenic concentrations of cortex and hippocampus tissues were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. The reduction in 5-methylcytosine (5 mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) levels as well as the down-regulation of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and ten-eleven translocations (TETs) expression suggested that DNA methylation/demethylation processes were significantly suppressed in brain tissues. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) level wasn't changed, but the expression of the important indicators of oxidative/anti-oxidative balance and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was significantly deregulated. Overall, arsenic can disrupt oxidative/anti-oxidative balance, further inhibit TETs expression through TCA cycle and alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) pathway, and consequently cause DNA methylation/demethylation disruption. The present study implies oxidative stress but not SAM depletion may lead to DNA epigenetic alteration and arsenic neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Du
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Meiping Tian
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, China.
| | - Qingyu Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Liangpo Liu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Heqing Shen
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
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37
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Lee HO, Wang L, Kuo YM, Andrews AJ, Gupta S, Kruger WD. S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase over-expression does not alter S-adenosylmethionine or S-adenosylhomocysteine levels in CBS deficient mice. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2018; 15:15-21. [PMID: 30023284 PMCID: PMC6047060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is associated with a number of human diseases including coronary artery disease, stroke, osteoporosis and dementia. It is highly correlated with intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). Since SAH is a strong inhibitor of methyl-transfer reactions involving the methyl-donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), elevation in SAH could be an explanation for the wide association of tHcy and human disease. Here, we have created a transgenic mouse (Tg-hAHCY) that expresses human S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY) from a zinc-inducible promoter in the liver and kidney. Protein analysis shows that human AHCY is expressed well in both liver and kidney, but elevated AHCY enzyme activity (131% increase) is only detected in the kidney due to the high levels of endogenous mouse AHCY expression in liver. Tg-hAHCY mice were crossed with mice lacking cystathionine β-synthase activity (Tg-I278T Cbs−/−) to explore the effect to AHCY overexpression in the context of elevated serum tHcy and elevated tissue SAM and SAH. Overexpression of AHCY had no significant effect on the phenotypes of Tg-I278T Cbs−/− mice or any effect on the steady state concentrations of methionine, total homocysteine, SAM, SAH, and SAM/SAH ratio in the liver and kidney. Furthermore, enhanced AHCY activity did not lower serum and tissue tHcy or methionine levels. Our data suggests that enhancing AHCY activity does not alter the distribution of methionine recycling metabolites, even when they are greatly elevated by Cbs mutations.
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Key Words
- AHCY, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase
- CBS, cystathionine beta synthase
- CMC, carboxymethylcellulose
- Cbs−, CBS knockout allele
- HA, hemagglutinin
- HHcy, hyperhomocysteinemia
- Hcy, homocysteine
- Met, methionine
- Metabolism
- Methionine
- SAH, S-adenosyl homocysteine
- SAM, S-adenosyl methionine
- Tg-I278T, transgene human CBS containing the I278T mutation
- Transgenic
- Zn, zinc water
- tHcy, total homocysteine
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Ok Lee
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Liqun Wang
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yin-Ming Kuo
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew J Andrews
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sapna Gupta
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Warren D Kruger
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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38
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Yadav DK, Shrestha S, Lillycrop KA, Joglekar CV, Pan H, Holbrook JD, Fall CH, Yajnik CS, Chandak GR. Vitamin B 12 supplementation influences methylation of genes associated with Type 2 diabetes and its intermediate traits. Epigenomics 2017; 10:71-90. [PMID: 29135286 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of B12 and/or folic acid supplementation on genome-wide DNA methylation. METHODS We performed Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Zymo Research, CA, USA) assay in children supplemented with B12 and/or folic acid (n = 12 in each group) and investigated the functional mechanism of selected differentially methylated loci. RESULTS We noted significant methylation changes postsupplementation in B12 (589 differentially methylated CpGs and 2892 regions) and B12 + folic acid (169 differentially methylated CpGs and 3241 regions) groups. Type 2 diabetes-associated genes TCF7L2 and FTO; and a miRNA, miR21 were further investigated in another B12-supplementation cohort. We also demonstrate that methylation influences miR21 expression and FTO, TCF7L2, CREBBP/CBP and SIRT1 are direct targets of miR21-3p. CONCLUSION B12 supplementation influences regulation of several metabolically important Type 2 diabetes-associated genes through methylation of miR21. Hence, our study provides novel epigenetic explanation for the association between disordered one carbon metabolism and risk of adiposity, insulin resistance and diabetes and has translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K Yadav
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India
| | - Smeeta Shrestha
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India.,Building No 7, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bangalore 560 078, Karnataka, India
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Research Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6 YD, UK
| | - Charu V Joglekar
- Diabetes Unit, King Edward Memorial Hospital & Research Centre, Rasta Peth, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 011, India
| | - Hong Pan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, 119521, Singapore
| | - Joanna D Holbrook
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, 119521, Singapore.,Human Development & Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton & National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6 YD, UK
| | - Caroline Hd Fall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6 YD, UK
| | - Chittaranjan S Yajnik
- Diabetes Unit, King Edward Memorial Hospital & Research Centre, Rasta Peth, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 011, India
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India.,Adjunct Faculty, Human Genetics Unit, Genome Institute of Singapore, Biopolis, 138672, Singapore
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Tserga A, Binder AM, Michels KB. Impact of folic acid intake during pregnancy on genomic imprinting of IGF2/H19 and 1-carbon metabolism. FASEB J 2017; 31:5149-5158. [PMID: 28778973 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601214rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid is an essential component of 1-carbon metabolism, which generates methyl groups for DNA methylation. Disruption of genomic imprinting leads to biallelic expression which may affect disease susceptibility possibly reflected in high levels of S-adenosyl-homocysteine (SAH) and low levels of S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM). We investigated the association between folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and loss of imprinting (LOI) of IGF2 and H19 genes in placentas and cord blood of 90 mother-child dyads in association with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotype. Pyrosequencing was used to evaluate deviation from monoallelic expression among 47 placentas heterozygous for H19 and 37 placentas and cord blood tissues heterozygous for IGF2 and H19 methylation levels of 48 placentas. We detected relaxation of imprinting (ROI) and LOI of H19 in placentas not associated with differences in methylation levels of the H19ICR. Placentas retained monoallelic allele-specific gene expression of IGF2, but 32.4% of cord blood samples displayed LOI of IGF2 and 10.8% showed ROI. High SAH levels were significantly associated with low H19 methylation. An interesting positive association between SAM/SAH ratio and high H19 methylation levels was detected among infants with low B12 levels. Our data suggest profound differences in regulation of imprinting in placenta and cord blood; a lack of correlation of the methylome, transcriptome, and proteome; and a complex regulatory feedback network between free methyl groups and genomic imprinting at birth.-Tserga, A., Binder, A. M., Michels, K. B. Impact of folic acid intake during pregnancy on genomic imprinting of IGF2/H19 and 1-carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggeliki Tserga
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra M Binder
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karin B Michels
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; .,Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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40
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Epigenetic mechanisms underlying the toxic effects associated with arsenic exposure and the development of diabetes. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 107:406-417. [PMID: 28709971 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a major threat to the human health worldwide. The consumption of arsenic in drinking water and other food products is associated with the risk of development of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The available experimental evidence indicates that epigenetic alterations may play an important role in the development of diseases that are linked with exposure to environmental toxicants. iAs seems to be associated with the epigenetic modifications such as alterations in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and micro RNA (miRNA) abundance. OBJECTIVE This article reviewed epigenetic mechanisms underlying the toxic effects associated with arsenic exposure and the development of diabetes. METHOD Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar were searched for published literature from 1980 to 2017. Searched MESH terms were "Arsenic", "Epigenetic mechanism", "DNA methylation", "Histone modifications" and "Diabetes". RESULTS There are various factors involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM but it is assumed that arsenic consumption causes the epigenetic alterations both at the gene-specific level and generalized genome level. CONCLUSION The research indicates that exposure from low to moderate concentrations of iAs is linked with the epigenetic effects. In addition, it is evident that, arsenic can change the components of the epigenome and hence induces diabetes through epigenetic mechanisms, such as alterations in glucose transport and/or metabolism and insulin expression/secretion.
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41
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van der Veen JN, Kennelly JP, Wan S, Vance JE, Vance DE, Jacobs RL. The critical role of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine metabolism in health and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1558-1572. [PMID: 28411170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 933] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are the most abundant phospholipids in all mammalian cell membranes. In the 1950s, Eugene Kennedy and co-workers performed groundbreaking research that established the general outline of many of the pathways of phospholipid biosynthesis. In recent years, the importance of phospholipid metabolism in regulating lipid, lipoprotein and whole-body energy metabolism has been demonstrated in numerous dietary studies and knockout animal models. The purpose of this review is to highlight the unappreciated impact of phospholipid metabolism on health and disease. Abnormally high, and abnormally low, cellular PC/PE molar ratios in various tissues can influence energy metabolism and have been linked to disease progression. For example, inhibition of hepatic PC synthesis impairs very low density lipoprotein secretion and changes in hepatic phospholipid composition have been linked to fatty liver disease and impaired liver regeneration after surgery. The relative abundance of PC and PE regulates the size and dynamics of lipid droplets. In mitochondria, changes in the PC/PE molar ratio affect energy production. We highlight data showing that changes in the PC and/or PE content of various tissues are implicated in metabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis, insulin resistance and obesity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelske N van der Veen
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - John P Kennelly
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-002 Li Ka Shing Centre for Heath Research Innovations, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Sereana Wan
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Jean E Vance
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Dennis E Vance
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - René L Jacobs
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-002 Li Ka Shing Centre for Heath Research Innovations, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
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42
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Nam M, Jung Y, Ryu DH, Hwang GS. A metabolomics-driven approach reveals metabolic responses and mechanisms in the rat heart following myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2017; 227:239-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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43
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Christensen KE, Hou W, Bahous RH, Deng L, Malysheva OV, Arning E, Bottiglieri T, Caudill MA, Jerome-Majewska LA, Rozen R. Moderate folic acid supplementation and MTHFD1-synthetase deficiency in mice, a model for the R653Q variant, result in embryonic defects and abnormal placental development. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:1459-1469. [PMID: 27707701 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.139519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderately high folic acid intake in pregnant women has led to concerns about deleterious effects on the mother and fetus. Common polymorphisms in folate genes, such as methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (MTHFD1) R653Q, may modulate the effects of elevated folic acid intake. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of moderate folic acid supplementation on reproductive outcomes and assessed the potential interaction of the supplemented diet with MTHFD1-synthetase (Mthfd1S) deficiency in mice, which is a model for the R653Q variant. DESIGN Female Mthfd1S+/+ and Mthfd1S+/- mice were fed a folic acid-supplemented diet (FASD) (5-fold higher than recommended) or control diets before mating and during pregnancy. Embryos and placentas were assessed for developmental defects at embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5). Maternal folate and choline metabolites and gene expression in folate-related pathways were examined. RESULTS The combination of FASD and maternal MTHFD1-synthetase deficiency led to a greater incidence of defects in E10.5 embryos (diet × maternal genotype, P = 0.0016; diet × embryonic genotype, P = 0.054). The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) protein and methylation potential [ratio of S-adenosylmethionine (major methyl donor):S-adenosylhomocysteine) were reduced in maternal liver. Although 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (methylTHF) was higher in maternal circulation, the methylation potential was lower in embryos. The presence of developmental delays and defects in Mthfd1S+/- embryos was associated with placental defects (P = 0.003). The labyrinth layer failed to form properly in the majority of abnormal placentas, which compromised the integration of the maternal and fetal circulation and presumably the transfer of methylTHF and other nutrients. CONCLUSIONS Moderately higher folate intake and MTHFD1-synthetase deficiency in pregnant mice result in a lower methylation potential in maternal liver and embryos and a greater incidence of defects in embryos. Although maternal circulating methylTHF was higher, it may not have reached the embryos because of abnormal placental development; abnormal placentas were observed predominantly in abnormally developed embryos. These findings have implications for women with high folate intakes, particularly if they are polymorphic for MTHFD1 R653Q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Christensen
- Departments of Human Genetics and.,Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Wenyang Hou
- Departments of Human Genetics and.,Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Renata H Bahous
- Departments of Human Genetics and.,Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Liyuan Deng
- Departments of Human Genetics and.,Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Olga V Malysheva
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Genomics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; and
| | - Erland Arning
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Marie A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Genomics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; and
| | - Loydie A Jerome-Majewska
- Departments of Human Genetics and.,Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Rima Rozen
- Departments of Human Genetics and .,Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
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44
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Borrego SL, Fahrmann J, Datta R, Stringari C, Grapov D, Zeller M, Chen Y, Wang P, Baldi P, Gratton E, Fiehn O, Kaiser P. Metabolic changes associated with methionine stress sensitivity in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. Cancer Metab 2016; 4:9. [PMID: 27141305 PMCID: PMC4852440 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-016-0148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of cancer cells have a unique metabolic requirement for methionine that is not observed in normal, non-tumorigenic cells. This phenotype is described as “methionine dependence” or “methionine stress sensitivity” in which cancer cells are unable to proliferate when methionine has been replaced with its metabolic precursor, homocysteine, in cell culture growth media. We focus on the metabolic response to methionine stress in the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468 and its methionine insensitive derivative cell line MDA-MB-468res-R8. Results Using a variety of techniques including fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and extracellular flux assays, we identified a metabolic down-regulation of oxidative phosphorylation in both MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-468res-R8 cell types when cultured in homocysteine media. Untargeted metabolomics was performed by way of gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry on both cell types cultured in homocysteine media over a period of 2 to 24 h. We determined unique metabolic responses between the two cell lines in specific pathways including methionine salvage, purine/pyrimidine synthesis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Stable isotope tracer studies using deuterium-labeled homocysteine indicated a redirection of homocysteine metabolism toward the transsulfuration pathway and glutathione synthesis. This data corroborates with increased glutathione levels concomitant with increased levels of oxidized glutathione. Redirection of homocysteine flux resulted in reduced generation of methionine from homocysteine particularly in MDA-MB-468 cells. Consequently, synthesis of the important one-carbon donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) was decreased, perturbing the SAM to S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio in MDA-MB-468 cells, which is an indicator of the cellular methylation potential. Conclusion This study indicates a differential metabolic response between the methionine sensitive MDA-MB-468 cells and the methionine insensitive derivative cell line MDA-MB-468res-R8. Both cell lines appear to experience oxidative stress when methionine was replaced with its metabolic precursor homocysteine, forcing cells to redirect homocysteine metabolism toward the transsulfuration pathway to increase glutathione synthesis. The methionine stress resistant MDA-MB-468res-R8 cells responded to this cellular stress earlier than the methionine stress sensitive MDA-MB468 cells and coped better with metabolic demands. Additionally, it is evident that S-adenosylmethionine metabolism is dependent on methionine availability in cancer cells, which cannot be sufficiently supplied by homocysteine metabolism under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Borrego
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Johannes Fahrmann
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA.,Present Address: University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Rupsa Datta
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Chiara Stringari
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA.,Present Address: Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Dmitry Grapov
- CDS Creative Solutions, Ballwin, MO USA.,Present Address: CDS Creative Data Solutions, Ballwin, MO USA
| | - Michael Zeller
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA.,Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Yumay Chen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA.,Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA.,Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi-Arabia
| | - Peter Kaiser
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA.,Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
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45
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Motzek A, Knežević J, Switzeny OJ, Cooper A, Barić I, Beluzić R, Strauss KA, Puffenberger EG, Mudd SH, Vugrek O, Zechner U. Abnormal Hypermethylation at Imprinting Control Regions in Patients with S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase (AHCY) Deficiency. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151261. [PMID: 26974671 PMCID: PMC4790936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in methionine metabolism caused by mutations in the AHCY gene. Main characteristics are psychomotor delay including delayed myelination and myopathy (hypotonia, absent tendon reflexes etc.) from birth, mostly associated with hypermethioninaemia, elevated serum creatine kinase levels and increased genome wide DNA methylation. The prime function of AHCY is to hydrolyse and efficiently remove S-adenosylhomocysteine, the by-product of transmethylation reactions and one of the most potent methyltransferase inhibitors. In this study, we set out to more specifically characterize DNA methylation changes in blood samples from patients with AHCY deficiency. Global DNA methylation was increased in two of three analysed patients. In addition, we analysed the DNA methylation levels at differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of six imprinted genes (MEST, SNRPN, LIT1, H19, GTL2 and PEG3) as well as Alu and LINE1 repetitive elements in seven patients. Three patients showed a hypermethylation in up to five imprinted gene DMRs. Abnormal methylation in Alu and LINE1 repetitive elements was not observed. We conclude that DNA hypermethylation seems to be a frequent but not a constant feature associated with AHCY deficiency that affects different genomic regions to different degrees. Thus AHCY deficiency may represent an ideal model disease for studying the molecular origins and biological consequences of DNA hypermethylation due to impaired cellular methylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Motzek
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jelena Knežević
- Institute Ruđer Bošković, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olivier J. Switzeny
- Institute for Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexis Cooper
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ivo Barić
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Center Zagreb & University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Beluzić
- Institute Ruđer Bošković, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kevin A. Strauss
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Erik G. Puffenberger
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - S. Harvey Mudd
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Oliver Vugrek
- Institute Ruđer Bošković, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- * E-mail: (OV); (UZ)
| | - Ulrich Zechner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail: (OV); (UZ)
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46
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Singh MD, Thomas P, Owens J, Hague W, Fenech M. Potential role of folate in pre-eclampsia. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:694-722. [PMID: 26359215 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary deficiencies of folate and other B vitamin cofactors involved in one-carbon metabolism, together with genetic polymorphisms in key folate-methionine metabolic pathway enzymes, are associated with increases in circulating plasma homocysteine, reduction in DNA methylation patterns, and genome instability events. All of these biomarkers have also been associated with pre-eclampsia. The aim of this review was to explore the literature and identify potential knowledge gaps in relation to the role of folate at the genomic level in either the etiology or the prevention of pre-eclampsia. A systematic search strategy was designed to identify citations in electronic databases for the following terms: folic acid supplementation AND pre-eclampsia, folic acid supplementation AND genome stability, folate AND genome stability AND pre-eclampsia, folic acid supplementation AND DNA methylation, and folate AND DNA methylation AND pre-eclampsia. Forty-three articles were selected according to predefined selection criteria. The studies included in the present review were not homogeneous, which made pooled analysis of the data very difficult. The present review highlights associations between folate deficiency and certain biomarkers observed in various tissues of women at risk of pre-eclampsia. Further investigation is required to understand the role of folate in either the etiology or the prevention of pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Dass Singh
- M.D. Singh, J. Owens, and W. Hague are with the School of Pediatrics and Reproductive Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Robinson Institute, Australian Research Centre for Health of Women and Babies, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. M.D. Singh, P. Thomas and M. Fenech are with the Genome Health and Personalized Nutrition Laboratory Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Food and Nutrition Flagship, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Philip Thomas
- M.D. Singh, J. Owens, and W. Hague are with the School of Pediatrics and Reproductive Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Robinson Institute, Australian Research Centre for Health of Women and Babies, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. M.D. Singh, P. Thomas and M. Fenech are with the Genome Health and Personalized Nutrition Laboratory Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Food and Nutrition Flagship, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Julie Owens
- M.D. Singh, J. Owens, and W. Hague are with the School of Pediatrics and Reproductive Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Robinson Institute, Australian Research Centre for Health of Women and Babies, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. M.D. Singh, P. Thomas and M. Fenech are with the Genome Health and Personalized Nutrition Laboratory Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Food and Nutrition Flagship, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - William Hague
- M.D. Singh, J. Owens, and W. Hague are with the School of Pediatrics and Reproductive Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Robinson Institute, Australian Research Centre for Health of Women and Babies, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. M.D. Singh, P. Thomas and M. Fenech are with the Genome Health and Personalized Nutrition Laboratory Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Food and Nutrition Flagship, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- M.D. Singh, J. Owens, and W. Hague are with the School of Pediatrics and Reproductive Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Robinson Institute, Australian Research Centre for Health of Women and Babies, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. M.D. Singh, P. Thomas and M. Fenech are with the Genome Health and Personalized Nutrition Laboratory Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Food and Nutrition Flagship, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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47
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Torres N, Guevara-Cruz M, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Tovar AR. Nutrition and Atherosclerosis. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:408-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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48
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Koch I, Zhang J, Button M, Gibson LA, Caumette G, Langlois VS, Reimer KJ, Cullen WR. Arsenic(+3) and DNA methyltransferases, and arsenic speciation in tadpole and frog life stages of western clawed frogs (Silurana tropicalis) exposed to arsenate. Metallomics 2015; 7:1274-84. [PMID: 26067210 DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00078e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Western clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) embryos were exposed to control, low (nominally 0.5 mg L(-1)) and high (nominally 1 mg L(-1)) arsenate (As(V)) culture water concentrations to investigate the effects of arsenic (As) on different life stages, namely tadpole (Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 56, NF56) and frog stages (NF66). The effects were assessed by measuring arsenic(+3) and DNA methyltransferases (AS3MT and DNMT1), as well as As speciation in the tissues. The As content in frog tissues increased with water As concentration. The As species observed by high performance liquid chromatography - inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICPMS) were mostly inorganic, dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO). With solid state X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analysis, arsenobetaine/tetramethylarsonium ion were also seen. AS3MT levels decreased upon low As exposure in NF56, rising again to control levels at the high As exposure. In NF66 tissues, on the other hand, AS3MT decreased only with NF66 high As exposure. DNMT1 increased with exposure, and this was statistically significant only for the high As exposure at both life stages. Thus these enzymes seem to be affected by the As exposure. Methylation of As to form monomethylarsonate (MMA), DMA and TMAO in the frogs appeared to be inversely related to AS3MT levels. A possible interpretation of this finding is that when AS3MT is higher, excretion of MMA + DMA + TMAO is more efficient, leaving lower concentrations in the tissues, with the opposite effect (less excretion) when AS3MT is lower; alternatively, other enzymes or linked genes may affect the methylation of As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Koch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Canada.
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49
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Abstract
For many years folic acid has been evaluated for its utility as a chemopreventive agent due to its position at the center of the one-carbon metabolic network. This network is responsible for generating precursors to nucleotide synthesis as well as the one-carbon moieties used in DNA methylation reactions, two mechanisms which are frequently disrupted during carcinogenesis. While the use of folic acid for the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer is still controversial, there is evidence that folic acid intake has significant influence on these fundamental cellular mechanisms. Folic acid has a dual role with regards to nucleotide synthesis and colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention; in a healthy colon, adequate folate status is important for nucleotide metabolism homeostasis and the maintenance of DNA integrity, however in a colon harboring premalignant lesions lowered folate status may help to eliminate transformed cells. In addition, folic acid is important for the generation of the one-carbon groups used in DNA methylation reactions, and modulation of folic acid metabolism may be useful in combating the aberrant DNA methylation during carcinogenesis. Interestingly, it has been revealed that decreased folic acid intake can dampen the inflammatory response, which has recently been a popular strategy for colorectal cancer chemoprevention. In this review we discuss the molecular mechanisms influenced by folic acid intake and how they might be relevant to cancer chemoprevention in greater detail.
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50
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Wang Y, Kavran JM, Chen Z, Karukurichi KR, Leahy DJ, Cole PA. Regulation of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase by lysine acetylation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31361-72. [PMID: 25248746 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.597153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) is an NAD(+)-dependent tetrameric enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine to adenosine and homocysteine and is important in cell growth and the regulation of gene expression. Loss of SAHH function can result in global inhibition of cellular methyltransferase enzymes because of high levels of S-adenosylhomocysteine. Prior proteomics studies have identified two SAHH acetylation sites at Lys(401) and Lys(408) but the impact of these post-translational modifications has not yet been determined. Here we use expressed protein ligation to produce semisynthetic SAHH acetylated at Lys(401) and Lys(408) and show that modification of either position negatively impacts the catalytic activity of SAHH. X-ray crystal structures of 408-acetylated SAHH and dually acetylated SAHH have been determined and reveal perturbations in the C-terminal hydrogen bonding patterns, a region of the protein important for NAD(+) binding. These crystal structures along with mutagenesis data suggest that such hydrogen bond perturbations are responsible for SAHH catalytic inhibition by acetylation. These results suggest how increased acetylation of SAHH may globally influence cellular methylation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- From the Deptartments of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and
| | - Jennifer M Kavran
- Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Zan Chen
- From the Deptartments of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and
| | | | - Daniel J Leahy
- From the Deptartments of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Philip A Cole
- From the Deptartments of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and
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