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Lu X, Liu L, Zhang H, Lu H, Tian T, Du B, Li P, Yu Y, Zhou J, Lu H. High-Yield Expressed Human Ferritin Heavy-Chain Nanoparticles in K. marxianus for Functional Food Development. Foods 2024; 13:2919. [PMID: 39335848 PMCID: PMC11431416 DOI: 10.3390/foods13182919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS)-grade microbial cell factories to produce recombinant protein-based nutritional products is a promising trend in developing food and health supplements. In this study, GRAS-grade Kluyveromyces marxianus was employed to express recombinant human heavy-chain ferritin (rhFTH), achieving a yield of 11 g/L in a 5 L fermenter, marking the highest yield reported for ferritin nanoparticle proteins to our knowledge. The rhFTH formed 12 nm spherical nanocages capable of ferroxidase activity, which involves converting Fe2+ to Fe3+ for storage. The rhFTH-containing yeast cell lysates promoted cytokine secretion (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and -1β (IL-1β)) and enhanced locomotion, pharyngeal pumping frequency, egg-laying capacity, and lifespan under heat and oxidative stress in the RAW264.7 mouse cell line and the C. elegans model, respectively, whereas yeast cell lysate alone had no such effects. These findings suggest that rhFTH boosts immunity, holding promise for developing ferritin-based food and nutritional products and suggesting its adjuvant potential for clinical applications of ferritin-based nanomedicine. The high-yield production of ferritin nanoparticles in K. marxianus offers a valuable source of ferritin for the development of ferritin-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- North America Nutrition Research and Development Society, Guangzhou Aoungo Biotech Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Haifang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jungang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Liu GY, Chen XY, Liu XL, Zhou RY, Zhao XY, Xu LJ, Ning ZH, Wang DH. Further screening of SNP loci of eggshell translucency related genes and evaluation of genetic effects. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103963. [PMID: 39013295 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Eggshell translucency is a widespread issue in the field of egg quality. Previous research has established that the heritability of eggshell translucency is relatively low or moderate. Scientists have also successfully identified SNP loci related to eggshell translucency on different chromosomes by using gene chips and single-variant GWAS. However, the specific impact of single or multiple genes on the trait of eggshell translucency remains unknown. In an effort to investigate this, we examined 170 SNPs associated with eggshell translucency obtained by our research group. We selected 966 half-sibling laying hens from 2 generations in 3 pure lines: Dwarf Layer-White, Rhode Island Red-White Strain, and Rhode Island Red. Eggs were collected from each hen over a period of 5 consecutive days, and eggshell translucency was measured using a grading method in which the hens were divided into 2 groups: an opaque group and a translucent group. We collected blood samples from the laying hens and extracted DNA. Time of flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) was used for genotyping to identify SNP loci that influence the trait of eggshell translucency. The results of our analysis revealed that using TOF-MS in 3 chicken strains, we were able to eliminate loci with low gene polymorphism, genetic effect contribution less than 1%, and deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Ultimately, 5 SNPs (Affx-50362599, rs15050262, rs312943734, rs316121113, and rs317389181) were identified on chromosomes 1, 5, and 19. Additionally, nine candidate genes (DCN, BTG1, ZFP92, POU2F1, NUCB2, FTL, GGNBP2, ACACA, and TADA2A) were found to be associated with these SNPs. No linkage disequilibrium relationship was observed between the 2 pairs of SNP loci on chromosomes 1 and 19. Based on previous studies on the formation mechanism of eggshell translucency, we hypothesize that NUCB2, FTL, and ACACA genes may be affecting the eggshell structure through different mechanisms, such as increase the water permeability or make thin of eggshell membrane, which promote moisture or part of other egg contents and ultimately lead to the formation of eggshell translucency. These findings validate and identify five SNP loci that regulate the translucency trait, and provide molecular markers for breeding non-translucent populations. Furthermore, this study serves as a reference for further investigation of the genetic regulatory mechanisms underlying eggshell translucency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Yun Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China; Baoding livestock husbandry workstation, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Xue-Lu Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Rong-Yan Zhou
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhao
- Baoding Xingrui Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Baoding, 072550, China
| | - Li-Jun Xu
- Baoding livestock husbandry workstation, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Ning
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - De-He Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
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Pezacki AT, Gonciarz RL, Okamura T, Matier CD, Torrente L, Cheng K, Miller SG, Ralle M, Ward NP, DeNicola GM, Renslo AR, Chang CJ. A tandem activity-based sensing and labeling strategy reveals antioxidant response element regulation of labile iron pools. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401579121. [PMID: 38968123 PMCID: PMC11252945 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401579121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for life owing to its ability to participate in a diverse array of oxidation-reduction reactions. However, misregulation of iron-dependent redox cycling can also produce oxidative stress, contributing to cell growth, proliferation, and death pathways underlying aging, cancer, neurodegeneration, and metabolic diseases. Fluorescent probes that selectively monitor loosely bound Fe(II) ions, termed the labile iron pool, are potentially powerful tools for studies of this metal nutrient; however, the dynamic spatiotemporal nature and potent fluorescence quenching capacity of these bioavailable metal stores pose challenges for their detection. Here, we report a tandem activity-based sensing and labeling strategy that enables imaging of labile iron pools in live cells through enhancement in cellular retention. Iron green-1 fluoromethyl (IG1-FM) reacts selectively with Fe(II) using an endoperoxide trigger to release a quinone methide dye for subsequent attachment to proximal biological nucleophiles, providing a permanent fluorescent stain at sites of elevated labile iron. IG1-FM imaging reveals that degradation of the major iron storage protein ferritin through ferritinophagy expands the labile iron pool, while activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) antioxidant response elements (AREs) depletes it. We further show that lung cancer cells with heightened NRF2 activation, and thus lower basal labile iron, have reduced viability when treated with an iron chelator. By connecting labile iron pools and NRF2-ARE activity to a druggable metal-dependent vulnerability in cancer, this work provides a starting point for broader investigations into the roles of transition metal and antioxidant signaling pathways in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan T. Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Ryan L. Gonciarz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Toshitaka Okamura
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Carson D. Matier
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Laura Torrente
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL33612
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Sophia G. Miller
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR97239
| | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR97239
| | - Nathan P. Ward
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL33612
| | - Gina M. DeNicola
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL33612
| | - Adam R. Renslo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA94158
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
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Xia X, Li H, Zang J, Cheng S, Du M. Advancements of the Molecular Directed Design and Structure-Activity Relationship of Ferritin Nanocage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7629-7654. [PMID: 38518374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Ferritin nanocages possess remarkable structural properties and biological functions, making them highly attractive for applications in functional materials and biomedicine. This comprehensive review presents an overview of the molecular characteristics, extraction and identification of ferritin, ferritin receptors, as well as the advancements in the directional design of high-order assemblies of ferritin and the applications based on its unique structural properties. Specifically, this Review focuses on the regulation of ferritin assembly from one to three dimensions, leveraging the symmetry of ferritin and modifications on key interfaces. Furthermore, it discusses targeted delivery of nutrition and drugs through facile loading and functional modification of ferritin. The aim of this Review is to inspire the design of micro/nano functional materials using ferritin and the development of nanodelivery vehicles for nutritional fortification and disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xia
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Han Li
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jiachen Zang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuzhen Cheng
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Ming Du
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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Terzi EM, Possemato R. Iron, Copper, and Selenium: Cancer's Thing for Redox Bling. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2024; 14:a041545. [PMID: 37932129 PMCID: PMC10982729 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Cells require micronutrients for numerous basic functions. Among these, iron, copper, and selenium are particularly critical for redox metabolism, and their importance is heightened during oncogene-driven perturbations in cancer. In this review, which particularly focuses on iron, we describe how these micronutrients are carefully chaperoned about the body and made available to tissues, a process that is designed to limit the toxicity of free iron and copper or by-products of selenium metabolism. We delineate perturbations in iron metabolism and iron-dependent proteins that are observed in cancer, and describe the current approaches being used to target iron metabolism and iron-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem M Terzi
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Richard Possemato
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
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Ma L, Zheng JJ, Zhou N, Zhang R, Fang L, Yang Y, Gao X, Chen C, Yan X, Fan K. A natural biogenic nanozyme for scavenging superoxide radicals. Nat Commun 2024; 15:233. [PMID: 38172125 PMCID: PMC10764798 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Biominerals, the inorganic minerals of organisms, are known mainly for their physical property-related functions in modern living organisms. Our recent discovery of the enzyme-like activities of nanomaterials, coined as nanozyme, inspires the hypothesis that nano-biominerals might function as enzyme-like catalyzers in cells. Here we report that the iron cores of biogenic ferritins act as natural nanozymes to scavenge superoxide radicals. Through analyzing eighteen representative ferritins from three living kingdoms, we find that the iron core of prokaryote ferritin possesses higher superoxide-diminishing activity than that of eukaryotes. Further investigation reveals that the differences in catalytic capability result from the iron/phosphate ratio changes in the iron core, which is mainly determined by the structures of ferritins. The phosphate in the iron core switches the iron core from single crystalline to amorphous iron phosphate-like structure, resulting in decreased affinity to the hydrogen proton of the ferrihydrite-like core that facilitates its reaction with superoxide in a manner different from that of ferric ions. Furthermore, overexpression of ferritins with high superoxide-diminishing activities in E. coli increases the resistance to superoxide, whereas bacterioferritin knockout or human ferritin knock-in diminishes free radical tolerance, highlighting the physiological antioxidant role of this type of nanozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ma
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100408, China
| | - Jia-Jia Zheng
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ruofei Zhang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Long Fang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yili Yang
- China Regional Research Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225316, China
| | - Xingfa Gao
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiyun Yan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100408, China.
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Zhengzhou, Henan, 451163, China.
| | - Kelong Fan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100408, China.
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Zhengzhou, Henan, 451163, China.
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Chen L, Mao L, Lu H, Liu P. Detecting ferroptosis and immune infiltration profiles in multiple system atrophy using postmortem brain tissue. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1269996. [PMID: 38222105 PMCID: PMC10784378 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1269996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of ferroptosis and the immune system has been mentioned in the pathogenesis of α-synucleinopathy. The α-synuclein-immunoreactive inclusions that primarily affect oligodendrocytes are the hallmark of multiple system atrophy (MSA). Limited evidence implicates that iron and immune responses are involved in the pathogenesis of MSA, which is associated with neurodegeneration and α-synuclein aggregation. Methods The RNA sequencing data were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. MSA-C-related module genes were identified through weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed to predict the potential molecular functions. The candidate ferroptosis-related genes associated with MSA-C were obtained using a machine-learning algorithm. CIBERSORT was used to estimate the compositional patterns of the 22 types of immune cells. Results The tissues for sequencing were extracted from postmortem cerebellar white matter tissues of 11 MSA-C patients and 47 healthy controls. The diagnostic ability of the six MSA-C-related ferroptosis-related genes in discriminating MSA-C from the healthy controls demonstrated a favorable diagnostic value, with the AUC ranging from 0.662 to 0.791. The proportion of CD8+ T cells in MSA-C was significantly higher than in the controls (P = 0.02). The proportion of NK cells resting in MSA-C was significantly higher than in the controls (P = 0.011). Conclusion Ferroptosis and T-cell infiltration may be important pathways of disease development in MSA-C, and targeting therapies for these pathways may be disease-modifying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingqun Mao
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongsheng Lu
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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Rashid H, Jali A, Akhter MS, Abdi SAH. Molecular Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Acute Kidney Injury: Targeting the Loci by Resveratrol. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:3. [PMID: 38203174 PMCID: PMC10779152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are a group of cellular molecules that stand as double-edged swords, their good and bad being discriminated by a precise balance. Several metabolic reactions in the biological system generate these molecules that interact with cellular atoms to regulate functions ranging from cell homeostasis to cell death. A prooxidative state of the cell concomitant with decreased clearance of such molecules leads to oxidative stress, which contributes as a prime pathophysiological mechanism in various diseases including renal disorders, such as acute kidney injury. However, targeting the generation of oxidative stress in renal disorders by an antioxidant, resveratrol, is gaining considerable therapeutic importance and is known to improve the condition in preclinical studies. This review aims to discuss molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress in acute kidney injury and its amelioration by resveratrol. The major sources of data were PubMed and Google Scholar, with studies from the last five years primarily included, with significant earlier data also considered. Mitochondrial dysfunction, various enzymatic reactions, and protein misfolding are the major sources of reactive oxygen species in acute kidney injury, and interrupting these loci of generation or intersection with other cellular components by resveratrol can mitigate the severity of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed Jali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Suhail Akhter
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed Aliul Hasan Abdi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al Baha University, Al Baha 65711, Saudi Arabia
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Fonseca Ó, Ramos AS, Gomes LTS, Gomes MS, Moreira AC. New Perspectives on Circulating Ferritin: Its Role in Health and Disease. Molecules 2023; 28:7707. [PMID: 38067440 PMCID: PMC10708148 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of iron disturbances usually includes the evaluation of serum parameters. Serum iron is assumed to be entirely bound to transferrin, and transferrin saturation-the ratio between the serum iron concentration and serum transferrin-usually reflects iron availability. Additionally, serum ferritin is commonly used as a surrogate of tissue iron levels. Low serum ferritin values are interpreted as a sign of iron deficiency, and high values are the main indicator of pathological iron overload. However, in situations of inflammation, serum ferritin levels may be very high, independently of tissue iron levels. This presents a particularly puzzling challenge for the clinician evaluating the overall iron status of the patient in the presence of an inflammatory condition. The increase in serum ferritin during inflammation is one of the enigmas regarding iron metabolism. Neither the origin, the mechanism of release, nor the effects of serum ferritin are known. The use of serum ferritin as a biomarker of disease has been rising, and it has become increasingly diverse, but whether or not it contributes to controlling the disease or host pathology, and how it would do it, are important, open questions. These will be discussed here, where we spotlight circulating ferritin and revise the recent clinical and preclinical data regarding its role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Fonseca
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Ó.F.); (A.S.R.); (L.T.S.G.); (M.S.G.)
| | - Ana S. Ramos
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Ó.F.); (A.S.R.); (L.T.S.G.); (M.S.G.)
- FCUP—Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Leonor T. S. Gomes
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Ó.F.); (A.S.R.); (L.T.S.G.); (M.S.G.)
- FCUP—Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Salomé Gomes
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Ó.F.); (A.S.R.); (L.T.S.G.); (M.S.G.)
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Moreira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Ó.F.); (A.S.R.); (L.T.S.G.); (M.S.G.)
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Niu H, Cao Q, Zhang T, Du Y, He P, Jiao L, Wang B, Zhu B, Hu L, Zhang Y. Construction and evaluation of a novel multi-antigenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis subunit vaccine candidate BfrB-GrpE/DPC. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:111060. [PMID: 37862738 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis poses a significant threat to human health due to the lack of an effective vaccine. Although promising progress has been made in the development of tuberculosis vaccines, new vaccines that broaden the antigenic repertoire need to be developed to eradicate this illness. In this study, we used Mycobacterium tuberculosis ferritin BfrB and heat-shock protein GrpE to construct a novel multi-antigenic fusion protein, BfrB-GrpE (BG). BG protein was stably overexpressed in the soluble form in Escherichia coli at a high yield and purified via sequential salt fractionation and hydrophobic chromatography. Purified BG was emulsified in an adjuvant containing N, N'-dimethyl-N, N'-dioctadecylammonium bromide, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, and cholesterol (DPC) to construct the BG/DPC vaccine, which stimulated strong cellular and humoral immune responses in mice. Moreover, combination of BG with our previously developed vaccine, Mtb10.4-HspX (MH), containing antigens from both the proliferating and dormant stages, significantly reduced the bacterial counts in the lungs and spleens of M. tuberculosis-infected mice. Importantly, mice that received BG + MH/DPC after M. tuberculosis H37Rv infection survived slightly better (100% survival) than those that received the BCG vaccine (80% survival), although the difference was not statistically significant. Our findings can aid in the selection of antigens and optimization of vaccination regimens to improve the efficacy of tuberculosis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Niu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, China
| | - Yunjie Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pu He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, China
| | - Bingxiang Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, China
| | - Bingdong Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lina Hu
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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11
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Shieh JT, Tintos-Hernandez JA, Murali CN, Penon-Portmann M, Flores-Mendez M, Santana A, Bulos JA, Du K, Dupuis L, Damseh N, Mendoza-Londoño R, Berera C, Lee JC, Phillips JJ, Alves CAPF, Dmochowski IJ, Ortiz-González XR. Heterozygous nonsense variants in the ferritin heavy-chain gene FTH1 cause a neuroferritinopathy. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100236. [PMID: 37660254 PMCID: PMC10510067 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferritin, the iron-storage protein, is composed of light- and heavy-chain subunits, encoded by FTL and FTH1, respectively. Heterozygous variants in FTL cause hereditary neuroferritinopathy, a type of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). Variants in FTH1 have not been previously associated with neurologic disease. We describe the clinical, neuroimaging, and neuropathology findings of five unrelated pediatric patients with de novo heterozygous FTH1 variants. Children presented with developmental delay, epilepsy, and progressive neurologic decline. Nonsense FTH1 variants were identified using whole-exome sequencing, with a recurrent variant (p.Phe171∗) identified in four unrelated individuals. Neuroimaging revealed diffuse volume loss, features of pontocerebellar hypoplasia, and iron accumulation in the basal ganglia. Neuropathology demonstrated widespread ferritin inclusions in the brain. Patient-derived fibroblasts were assayed for ferritin expression, susceptibility to iron accumulation, and oxidative stress. Variant FTH1 mRNA transcripts escape nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), and fibroblasts show elevated ferritin protein levels, markers of oxidative stress, and increased susceptibility to iron accumulation. C-terminal variants in FTH1 truncate ferritin's E helix, altering the 4-fold symmetric pores of the heteropolymer, and likely diminish iron-storage capacity. FTH1 pathogenic variants appear to act by a dominant, toxic gain-of-function mechanism. The data support the conclusion that truncating variants in the last exon of FTH1 cause a disorder in the spectrum of NBIA. Targeted knockdown of mutant FTH1 transcript with antisense oligonucleotides rescues cellular phenotypes and suggests a potential therapeutic strategy for this pediatric neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Shieh
- Institute for Human Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Jesus A Tintos-Hernandez
- Division of Neurology and Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chaya N Murali
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Monica Penon-Portmann
- Institute for Human Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marco Flores-Mendez
- Division of Neurology and Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Adrian Santana
- Division of Neurology and Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua A Bulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kang Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lucie Dupuis
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadirah Damseh
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roberto Mendoza-Londoño
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Camilla Berera
- Institute for Human Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Julieann C Lee
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - César A P F Alves
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ivan J Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xilma R Ortiz-González
- Division of Neurology and Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Epilepsy Neurogenetics Initiative (ENGIN), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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12
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Knödler M, Opdensteinen P, Sankaranarayanan RA, Morgenroth A, Buhl EM, Mottaghy FM, Buyel JF. Simple plant-based production and purification of the assembled human ferritin heavy chain as a nanocarrier for tumor-targeted drug delivery and bioimaging in cancer therapy. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:1038-1054. [PMID: 36539373 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are used as carriers for the delivery of drugs and imaging agents. Proteins are safer than synthetic nanocarriers due to their greater biocompatibility and the absence of toxic degradation products. In this context, ferritin has the additional benefit of inherently targeting the membrane receptor transferrin 1, which is overexpressed by most cancer cells. Furthermore, this self-assembling multimeric protein can be loaded with more than 2000 iron atoms, as well as drugs, contrast agents, and other cargos. However, recombinant ferritin currently costs ~3.5 million € g-1 , presumably because the limited number of producers cannot meet demand, making it generally unaffordable as a nanocarrier. Because plants can produce proteins at very-large-scale, we developed a simple, proof-of-concept process for the production of the human ferritin heavy chain by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. We optimized the protein yields by screening different compartments and 5'-untranslated regions in PCPs, and selected the best-performing construct for production in differentiated plants. We then established a rapid and scalable purification protocol by combining pH and heat treatment before extraction, followed by an ultrafiltration/diafiltration size-based separation process. The optimized process achieved ferritin levels of ~40 mg kg-1 fresh biomass although depth filtration limited product recovery to ~7%. The purity of the recombinant product was >90% at costs ~3% of the current sales price. Our method therefore allows the production of affordable ferritin heavy chain as a carrier for therapeutic and diagnostic agents, which is suitable for further stability and functionality testing in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Knödler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V., Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick Opdensteinen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V., Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Agnieszka Morgenroth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva Miriam Buhl
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Felix Buyel
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering (IBSE), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
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13
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Reutovich AA, Srivastava AK, Arosio P, Bou-Abdallah F. Ferritin nanocages as efficient nanocarriers and promising platforms for COVID-19 and other vaccines development. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130288. [PMID: 36470367 PMCID: PMC9721431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of safe and effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses with high antigenic drift is of crucial importance to public health. Ferritin is a well characterized and ubiquitous iron storage protein that has emerged not only as a useful nanoreactor and nanocarrier, but more recently as an efficient platform for vaccine development. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review discusses ferritin structure-function properties, self-assembly, and novel bioengineering strategies such as interior cavity and exterior surface modifications for cargo encapsulation and delivery. It also discusses the use of ferritin as a scaffold for biomedical applications, especially for vaccine development against influenza, Epstein-Barr, HIV, hepatitis-C, Lyme disease, and respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. The use of ferritin for the synthesis of mosaic vaccines to deliver a cocktail of antigens that elicit broad immune protection against different viral variants is also explored. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The remarkable stability, biocompatibility, surface functionalization, and self-assembly properties of ferritin nanoparticles make them very attractive platforms for a wide range of biomedical applications, including the development of vaccines. Strong immune responses have been observed in pre-clinical studies against a wide range of pathogens and have led to the exploration of ferritin nanoparticles-based vaccines in multiple phase I clinical trials. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The broad protective antibody response of ferritin nanoparticles-based vaccines demonstrates the usefulness of ferritin as a highly promising and effective approaches for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayush K Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Potsdam, NY 13676, USA
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Fadi Bou-Abdallah
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Potsdam, NY 13676, USA.
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14
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Gehrer CM, Mitterstiller AM, Grubwieser P, Meyron-Holtz EG, Weiss G, Nairz M. Advances in Ferritin Physiology and Possible Implications in Bacterial Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4659. [PMID: 36902088 PMCID: PMC10003477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its advantageous redox properties, iron plays an important role in the metabolism of nearly all life. However, these properties are not only a boon but also the bane of such life forms. Since labile iron results in the generation of reactive oxygen species by Fenton chemistry, iron is stored in a relatively safe form inside of ferritin. Despite the fact that the iron storage protein ferritin has been extensively researched, many of its physiological functions are hitherto unresolved. However, research regarding ferritin's functions is gaining momentum. For example, recent major discoveries on its secretion and distribution mechanisms have been made as well as the paradigm-changing finding of intracellular compartmentalization of ferritin via interaction with nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4). In this review, we discuss established knowledge as well as these new findings and the implications they may have for host-pathogen interaction during bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens M. Gehrer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna-Maria Mitterstiller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Grubwieser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Esther G. Meyron-Holtz
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Shieh JT, Tintos-Hernández JA, Murali CN, Penon-Portmann M, Flores-Mendez M, Santana A, Bulos JA, Du K, Dupuis L, Damseh N, Mendoza-Londoño R, Berera C, Lee JC, Phillips JJ, Alves CAPF, Dmochowski IJ, Ortiz-González XR. Heterozygous Nonsense Variants in the Ferritin Heavy Chain Gene FTH1 Cause a Novel Pediatric Neuroferritinopathy. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.01.30.23285099. [PMID: 36778397 PMCID: PMC9915813 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.30.23285099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin, the iron storage protein, is composed of light and heavy chain subunits, encoded by FTL and FTH1 , respectively. Heterozygous variants in FTL cause hereditary neuroferritinopathy, a type of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). Variants in FTH1 have not been previously associated with neurologic disease. We describe the clinical, neuroimaging, and neuropathology findings of five unrelated pediatric patients with de novo heterozygous FTH1 variants. Children presented with developmental delay, epilepsy, and progressive neurologic decline. Nonsense FTH1 variants were identified using whole exome sequencing, with a recurrent de novo variant (p.F171*) identified in three unrelated individuals. Neuroimaging revealed diffuse volume loss, features of pontocerebellar hypoplasia and iron accumulation in the basal ganglia. Neuropathology demonstrated widespread ferritin inclusions in the brain. Patient-derived fibroblasts were assayed for ferritin expression, susceptibility to iron accumulation, and oxidative stress. Variant FTH1 mRNA transcripts escape nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), and fibroblasts show elevated ferritin protein levels, markers of oxidative stress, and increased susceptibility to iron accumulation. C-terminus variants in FTH1 truncate ferritin's E-helix, altering the four-fold symmetric pores of the heteropolymer and likely diminish iron-storage capacity. FTH1 pathogenic variants appear to act by a dominant, toxic gain-of-function mechanism. The data support the conclusion that truncating variants in the last exon of FTH1 cause a novel disorder in the spectrum of NBIA. Targeted knock-down of mutant FTH1 transcript with antisense oligonucleotides rescues cellular phenotypes and suggests a potential therapeutic strategy for this novel pediatric neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Shieh
- Institute for Human Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, CA, 94143
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jesus A Tintos-Hernández
- Division of Neurology and Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Chaya N. Murali
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Monica Penon-Portmann
- Institute for Human Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Marco Flores-Mendez
- Division of Neurology and Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Adrian Santana
- Division of Neurology and Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Joshua A. Bulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kang Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Lucie Dupuis
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nadirah Damseh
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Roberto Mendoza-Londoño
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Camilla Berera
- Institute for Human Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Julieann C Lee
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, CA, 94143
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - César A P F Alves
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Ivan J Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Xilma R Ortiz-González
- Division of Neurology and Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Epilepsy Neurogenetics Initiative (ENGIN), The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
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16
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Cui Z, Li W, Wang Y, Zhao M, Liu K, Yang Y, Teng S, Zhang N, Min L, Li P, Zhang S, Xu J, Wu J. M2 Macrophage-Derived Exosomal Ferritin Heavy Chain Promotes Colon Cancer Cell Proliferation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03488-w. [PMID: 36418633 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03488-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is a widespread life-threatening malignancy with complex and multifactorial etiology. Both epidemiological cohort studies and basic research support the substantial role of iron metabolism in colon cancer. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of how essential iron metabolic proteins are dysregulated may provide new treatment strategies for colon cancer. Ferritin is the main iron storage protein that occupies a vital position in iron metabolism. Studies reported that ferritin is differentially highly expressed in tissues from multiple malignancies. However, the source and function of highly expressed ferritin in colon cancer have not been explored. In this study, we found that the protein level but not RNA level of ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) was upregulated in colon cancer using paired clinical samples. Co-culture system was used to mimic the in vivo circumstance and study the cell-cell communication of macrophages and colon cancer cells. Results showed that M2 macrophages could substantially increase the FTH1 levels in colon cancer cells. This effect could be blocked by the exosome biogenesis/ secretion inhibitor GW4869, implying the vital role of exosomes in this biological process. Besides, we found that purified exosomes from M2 macrophages could deliver FTH1 into colon cancer cells and promote cell proliferation. Furtherly, EdU assay and live cell imaging system were performed in FTH1-OE (overexpression) colon cancer cell lines and confirmed the cell proliferation promoting effect of FTH1. Our results unveil the source and function of highly expressed FTH1 in colon cancer and provide a new potential therapeutic target for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wenkun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yadan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Mengran Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Kuiliang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shuo Teng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Li Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Junxuan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, China.
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17
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Abulseoud OA, Yehia A, Egol CJ, Nettey VN, Aly M, Qu Y, Skolnik AB, Grill MF, Sen A, Schneekloth TD. Attenuated initial serum ferritin concentration in critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 geriatric patients with comorbid psychiatric conditions. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1035986. [PMID: 36440432 PMCID: PMC9681793 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1035986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of psychiatric comorbidity, sex, and ICU admission on serum ferritin concentration in 628 elderly patients (79.7 ± 8.5 years) with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Hospitalization was required in 96% of patients and 17% required ICU admission. Patients with COVID-19 and psychiatric comorbidities (n = 212) compared to patients without psychiatric comorbidities (n = 416) had significantly lower ferritin concentration (570.4 ± 900.1 vs. 744.1 ± 965, P = 0.029), a greater incidence of delirium (22.6 vs. 14.4%, P = 0.013) and higher mortality (35.3 vs. 27.6%, P = 0.015). Furthermore, we found significant effects for sex (P = 0.002) and ICU admission (P = 0.007). Among patients without comorbid psychiatric conditions, males had significantly higher ferritin compared to females (1,098.3 ± 78.4 vs. 651.5 ± 94.4, P < 0.001). ICU patients without comorbid psychiatric conditions had significantly higher serum ferritin compared to ICU patients with comorbid psychiatric conditions: (1,126.6 ± 110.7 vs. 668.6 ± 156.5, P < 0.001). Our results suggest that the presence of comorbid psychiatric conditions in elderly patients with COVID-19 is associated with higher rates of delirium and mortality and lower ferritin levels during severe illness. Whether high serum ferritin is protective during severe infection requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A. Abulseoud
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Research Building (CRB), Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Asmaa Yehia
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Claudine J. Egol
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Victor N. Nettey
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Mohamed Aly
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Yihuai Qu
- Alix School of Medicine at Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Aaron B. Skolnik
- Department of Critical Care, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Marie F. Grill
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Ayan Sen
- Department of Critical Care, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Terry D. Schneekloth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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18
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Sudarev VV, Dolotova SM, Bukhalovich SM, Bazhenov SV, Ryzhykau YL, Uversky VN, Bondarev NA, Osipov SD, Mikhailov AE, Kuklina DD, Murugova TN, Manukhov IV, Rogachev AV, Gordeliy VI, Gushchin IY, Kuklin AI, Vlasov AV. Ferritin self-assembly, structure, function, and biotechnological applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:319-343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Pekec T, Lewandowski J, Komur AA, Sobańska D, Guo Y, Świtońska-Kurkowska K, Małecki JM, Dubey AA, Pokrzywa W, Frankowski M, Figiel M, Ciosk R. Ferritin-mediated iron detoxification promotes hypothermia survival in Caenorhabditis elegans and murine neurons. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4883. [PMID: 35986016 PMCID: PMC9391379 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
How animals rewire cellular programs to survive cold is a fascinating problem with potential biomedical implications, ranging from emergency medicine to space travel. Studying a hibernation-like response in the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we uncovered a regulatory axis that enhances the natural resistance of nematodes to severe cold. This axis involves conserved transcription factors, DAF-16/FoxO and PQM-1, which jointly promote cold survival by upregulating FTN-1, a protein related to mammalian ferritin heavy chain (FTH1). Moreover, we show that inducing expression of FTH1 also promotes cold survival of mammalian neurons, a cell type particularly sensitive to deterioration in hypothermia. Our findings in both animals and cells suggest that FTN-1/FTH1 facilitates cold survival by detoxifying ROS-generating iron species. We finally show that mimicking the effects of FTN-1/FTH1 with drugs protects neurons from cold-induced degeneration, opening a potential avenue to improved treatments of hypothermia. Strategies to improve cold resistance are of potential biomedical interest. Here the authors demonstrate that ferritin-mediated detoxification of iron, preventing the generation of reactive oxygen species, promotes cold survival in both Caenorhabditis elegans and cultured mammalian neurons.
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20
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Li Z, Maity B, Hishikawa Y, Ueno T, Lu D. Importance of the Subunit-Subunit Interface in Ferritin Disassembly: A Molecular Dynamics Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1106-1113. [PMID: 35015545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin is a spherical cage-like protein that is useful for loading large functional particles for various applications. To our knowledge, how pH affects the interfaces inside ferritin and the mechanism of ferritin disassembly is far from complete. For this article, we conducted a series of molecular dynamics simulations (MD) at different pH values to study how interfaces affect ferritins' stability. It is shown that dimers are stable even at extremely low pH (pH 2.0), indicating that the dimer is the essential subunit for disassembly, and the slight swelling of the dimer resulting from monomer rotation inside a dimer is what triggers disassembly. During ferritin disassembly, there are two types of interfaces involved, and the interface between dimers is crucial. We also found that the driving forces for maintaining dimer stability are different when a dimer is inside ferritin and in an acidic solution. At low pH, the protonation of residues can lead to the loss of the salt bridge and the hydrogen bond between dimers, resulting in the disassembly of ferritin in an acidic environment. The above simulations reveal the possible mechanism of ferritin disassembly in an acidic solution, which can help us to design innovative and functional ferritin cages for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Basudev Maity
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Hishikawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ueno
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
- World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Diannan Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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21
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Gaburjáková M, Gaburjáková J, Krejčíová E, Kosnáč D, Kosnáčová H, Nagy Š, Polák Š, Sabo M, Trnka M, Kopáni M. Blocking effect of ferritin on the ryanodine receptor-isoform 2. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 712:109031. [PMID: 34534540 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Iron, an essential element for most living organism, participates in a wide variety of physiological processes. Disturbance in iron homeostasis has been associated with numerous pathologies, particularly in the heart and brain, which are the most susceptible organs. Under iron-overload conditions, the generation of reactive oxygen species leads to impairment in Ca2+ signaling, fundamentally implicated in cardiac and neuronal physiology. Since iron excess is accompanied by increased expression of iron-storage protein, ferritin, we examined whether ferritin has an effect on the ryanodine receptor - isoform 2 (RYR2), which is one of the major components of Ca2+ signaling. Using the method of planar lipid membranes, we show that ferritin induced an abrupt, permanent blockage of the RYR2 channel. The ferritin effect was strongly voltage dependent and competitively antagonized by cytosolic TEA+, an impermeant RYR2 blocker. Our results collectively indicate that monomeric ferritin highly likely blocks the RYR2 channel by a direct electrostatic interaction within the wider region of the channel permeation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gaburjáková
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Gaburjáková
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Krejčíová
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Kosnáč
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Simulation and Virtual Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Helena Kosnáčová
- Department of Simulation and Virtual Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Slovak Academy of Sciences, Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Nagy
- Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Polák
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Sabo
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Trnka
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kopáni
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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22
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Ali A, Shafarin J, Abu Jabal R, Aljabi N, Hamad M, Sualeh Muhammad J, Unnikannan H, Hamad M. Ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) exerts significant antigrowth effects in breast cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of c-MYC. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:3101-3114. [PMID: 34551213 PMCID: PMC8564339 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) often associates with good prognosis in breast cancer (BCa), particularly in the triple‐negative subtype (triple‐negative breast cancer). However, the mechanism by which FTH1 exerts its possible tumor suppressor effects in BCa is not known. Here, we examined the bearing of FTH1 silencing or overexpression on several aspects of BCa cell growth in vitro. FTH1 silencing promoted cell growth and mammosphere formation, increased c‐MYC expression, and reduced cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. In contrast, FTH1 overexpression inhibited cell growth, decreased c‐MYC expression, and sensitized cancer cells to chemotherapy; silencing of c‐MYC recapitulated the effects of FTH1 overexpression. These findings show for the first time that FTH1 suppresses tumor growth by inhibiting the expression of key oncogenes, such as c‐MYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ali
- Research Institute for Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Jasmin Shafarin
- Research Institute for Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Rola Abu Jabal
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineUniversity of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Nour Aljabi
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineUniversity of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamad Hamad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineUniversity of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Hema Unnikannan
- Research Institute for Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates
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23
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Nguyen TKM, Ki MR, Son RG, Kim KH, Hong J, Pack SP. Synthesis of sub-50 nm bio-inspired silica particles using a C-terminal-modified ferritin template with a silica-forming peptide. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Dong Y, Ma Y, Li X, Wang F, Zhang Y. ERK-Peptide-Inhibitor-Modified Ferritin Enhanced the Therapeutic Effects of Paclitaxel in Cancer Cells and Spheroids. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3365-3377. [PMID: 34370483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rational design of a drug delivery system with enhanced therapeutic potency is critical for efficient tumor chemotherapy. Many protein-based drug delivery platforms have been designed to deliver drugs to target sites and improve the therapeutic efficacy. In this study, paclitaxel (PTX) molecules were encapsulated within an apoferritin nanocage-based drug delivery system with the modification of an extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) peptide inhibitor at the C-terminus of ferritin (HERK). Apoferritin is an endogenous nano-sized spherical protein which has the ability to specially bind to a majority of tumor cells via interacting with transferrin receptor 1. The ERK peptide inhibitor is a peptide which can disrupt the interaction of MEK with ERK in the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK pathway. By combining the targeted delivery effect of ferritin and the inhibitory effect of the ERK peptide inhibitor, the newly fabricated ferritin carrier nanoparticle HERK could still be taken up by tumor cells, and it displayed higher cell cytotoxicity than the parent ferritin. After loading with PTX, HERK-PTX displayed a favorable anticancer effect in human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and lung carcinoma cells A549. The remarkable inhibitory effect on MDA-MB-231 tumor spheroids was also identified. These results indicated that the constructed HERK nanocarrier is a promising multi-functional drug delivery vehicle to enhance the therapeutic effect of drugs in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Dong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Yuanmeng Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Xun Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
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25
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Zhang Q, Zhang J, Song J, Liu Y, Ren X, Zhao Y. Protein-Based Nanomedicine for Therapeutic Benefits of Cancer. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8001-8038. [PMID: 33900074 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Proteins, a type of natural biopolymer that possess many prominent merits, have been widely utilized to engineer nanomedicine for fighting against cancer. Motivated by their ever-increasing attention in the scientific community, this review aims to provide a comprehensive showcase on the current landscape of protein-based nanomedicine for cancer therapy. On the basis of role differences of proteins in nanomedicine, protein-based nanomedicine engineered with protein therapeutics, protein carriers, enzymes, and composite proteins is introduced. The cancer therapeutic benefits of the protein-based nanomedicine are also discussed, including small-molecular therapeutics-mediated therapy, macromolecular therapeutics-mediated therapy, radiation-mediated therapy, reactive oxygen species-mediated therapy, and thermal effect-mediated therapy. Lastly, future developments and potential challenges of protein-based nanomedicine are elucidated toward clinical translation. It is believed that protein-based nanomedicine will play a vital role in the battle against cancer. We hope that this review will inspire extensive research interests from diverse disciplines to further push the developments of protein-based nanomedicine in the biomedical frontier, contributing to ever-greater medical advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Junmin Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jun Song
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yizhen Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiangzhong Ren
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
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26
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Bradley JM, Svistunenko DA, Wilson MT, Hemmings AM, Moore GR, Le Brun NE. Bacterial iron detoxification at the molecular level. J Biol Chem 2021; 295:17602-17623. [PMID: 33454001 PMCID: PMC7762939 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.007746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient, and, in the case of bacteria, its availability is commonly a growth-limiting factor. However, correct functioning of cells requires that the labile pool of chelatable "free" iron be tightly regulated. Correct metalation of proteins requiring iron as a cofactor demands that such a readily accessible source of iron exist, but overaccumulation results in an oxidative burden that, if unchecked, would lead to cell death. The toxicity of iron stems from its potential to catalyze formation of reactive oxygen species that, in addition to causing damage to biological molecules, can also lead to the formation of reactive nitrogen species. To avoid iron-mediated oxidative stress, bacteria utilize iron-dependent global regulators to sense the iron status of the cell and regulate the expression of proteins involved in the acquisition, storage, and efflux of iron accordingly. Here, we survey the current understanding of the structure and mechanism of the important members of each of these classes of protein. Diversity in the details of iron homeostasis mechanisms reflect the differing nutritional stresses resulting from the wide variety of ecological niches that bacteria inhabit. However, in this review, we seek to highlight the similarities of iron homeostasis between different bacteria, while acknowledging important variations. In this way, we hope to illustrate how bacteria have evolved common approaches to overcome the dual problems of the insolubility and potential toxicity of iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Bradley
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Michael T Wilson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Hemmings
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey R Moore
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nick E Le Brun
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
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27
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Cozzi A, Santambrogio P, Ripamonti M, Rovida E, Levi S. Pathogenic mechanism and modeling of neuroferritinopathy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3355-3367. [PMID: 33439270 PMCID: PMC11072144 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroferritinopathy is a rare autosomal dominant inherited movement disorder caused by alteration of the L-ferritin gene that results in the production of a ferritin molecule that is unable to properly manage iron, leading to the presence of free redox-active iron in the cytosol. This form of iron has detrimental effects on cells, particularly severe for neuronal cells, which are highly sensitive to oxidative stress. Although very rare, the disorder is notable for two reasons. First, neuroferritinopathy displays features also found in a larger group of disorders named Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA), such as iron deposition in the basal ganglia and extrapyramidal symptoms; thus, the elucidation of its pathogenic mechanism may contribute to clarifying the incompletely understood aspects of NBIA. Second, neuroferritinopathy shows the characteristic signs of an accelerated process of aging; thus, it can be considered an interesting model to study the progress of aging. Here, we will review the clinical and neurological features of neuroferritinopathy and summarize biochemical studies and data from cellular and animal models to propose a pathogenic mechanism of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cozzi
- Proteomic of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Santambrogio
- Proteomic of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Ripamonti
- Proteomic of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Ermanna Rovida
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Levi
- Proteomic of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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28
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Lv C, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang T, Chen H, Zang J, Zheng B, Zhao G. Redesign of protein nanocages: the way from 0D, 1D, 2D to 3D assembly. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3957-3989. [PMID: 33587075 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01349h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Compartmentalization is a hallmark of living systems. Through compartmentalization, ubiquitous protein nanocages such as viral capsids, ferritin, small heat shock proteins, and DNA-binding proteins from starved cells fulfill a variety of functions, while their shell-like structures hold great promise for various applications in the field of nanomedicine and nanotechnology. However, the number and structure of natural protein nanocages are limited, and these natural protein nanocages may not be suited for a given application, which might impede their further application as nanovehicles, biotemplates or building blocks. To overcome these shortcomings, different strategies have been developed by scientists to construct artificial protein nanocages, and 1D, 2D and 3D protein arrays with protein nanocages as building blocks through genetic and chemical modification to rival the size and functionality of natural protein nanocages. This review outlines the recent advances in the field of the design and construction of artificial protein nanocages and their assemblies with higher order, summarizes the strategies for creating the assembly of protein nanocages from zero-dimension to three dimensions, and introduces their corresponding applications in the preparation of nanomaterials, electrochemistry, and drug delivery. The review will highlight the roles of both the inter-subunit/intermolecular interactions at the key interface and the protein symmetry in constructing and controlling protein nanocage assemblies with different dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Lv
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, Beijing 100083, China.
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29
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Cai Y, Huang J, Xu H, Zhang T, Cao C, Pan Y. Synthesis, characterization and application of magnetoferritin nanoparticle by using human H chain ferritin expressed by Pichia pastoris. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:485709. [PMID: 32931463 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abb15d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein-based nanoparticles have developed rapidly in areas such as drug delivery, biomedical imaging and biocatalysis. Ferritin possesses unique properties that make it attractive as a potential platform for a variety of nanobiotechnological applications. Here we synthesized magnetoferritin (P-MHFn) nanoparticles for the first time by using the human H chain of ferritin that was expressed by Pichia pastoris (P-HFn). Western blot results showed that recombinant P-HFn was successfully expressed after methanol induction. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the spherical cage-like shape and monodispersion of P-HFn. The synthesized magnetoferritin (P-MHFn) retained the properties of magnetoferritin nanoparticles synthesized using HFn expressed by E. coli (E-MHFn): superparamagnetism under ambient conditions and peroxidase-like activity. It is stable under a wider range of pH values (from 5.0 to 11.0), likely due to post-translational modifications such as N-glycosylation on P-HFn. In vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging experiments revealed that P-MHFn nanoparticles can accumulate in tumors, which suggests that P-MHFn could be used in tumor imaging and therapy. An acute toxicity study of P-MHFn in Sprague Dawley rats showed no abnormalities at a dose up to 20 mg Fe Kg-1 body weight. Therefore, this study shed light on the development of magnetoferritin nanoparticles using therapeutic HFn expressed by Pichia pastoris for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Cai
- Biogeomagnetism Group, Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China. France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China. Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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30
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Cryo-EM structures and functional characterization of homo- and heteropolymers of human ferritin variants. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20666. [PMID: 33244127 PMCID: PMC7692541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of abnormal brain iron metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases is still insufficiently understood. Here, we investigate the molecular basis of the neurodegenerative disease hereditary ferritinopathy (HF), in which dysregulation of brain iron homeostasis is the primary cause of neurodegeneration. We mutagenized ferritin’s three-fold pores (3FPs), i.e. the main entry route for iron, to investigate ferritin’s iron management when iron must traverse the protein shell through the disrupted four-fold pores (4FPs) generated by mutations in the ferritin light chain (FtL) gene in HF. We assessed the structure and properties of ferritins using cryo-electron microscopy and a range of functional analyses in vitro. Loss of 3FP function did not alter ferritin structure but led to a decrease in protein solubility and iron storage. Abnormal 4FPs acted as alternate routes for iron entry and exit in the absence of functional 3FPs, further reducing ferritin iron-storage capacity. Importantly, even a small number of MtFtL subunits significantly compromises ferritin solubility and function, providing a rationale for the presence of ferritin aggregates in cell types expressing different levels of FtLs in patients with HF. These findings led us to discuss whether modifying pores could be used as a pharmacological target in HF.
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31
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Ulagesan S, Choi JW, Nam TJ, Choi YH. Characterization of recombinant protein ferritin from Pyropia yezoensis (rPyFer) and its biological activities. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1501-1509. [PMID: 33088599 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferritins are iron-binding proteins that are basically participated in iron storage, detoxification, and immune response. In the present study, ferritin gene from the marine red algae Pyropia yezoensis was cloned into a pET21d expression vector. High-efficiency transformation was performed in Escherichia coli BL21, the recombinant protein was expressed by induction with 0.1 mM isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside and purified via ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange and size exclusion chromatography. The purified recombinant ferritin from P. yezoensis (rPyFer) was characterized and analyzed for its antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial cultures and exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive cultures. The recombinant protein was also analyzed for its iron-uptake and radical-scavenging activities; rPyFer exhibited significant iron-uptake activity at low concentrations, and its radical-scavenging activity increased in a dose-dependent manner. This research will contribute to the development of new therapeutic proteins from marine algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvakumari Ulagesan
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 46041 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Wook Choi
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 46041 Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 46041 Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 46041 Republic of Korea.,Department of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513 Republic of Korea
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McNally JR, Mehlenbacher MR, Luscieti S, Smith GL, Reutovich AA, Maura P, Arosio P, Bou-Abdallah F. Mutant L-chain ferritins that cause neuroferritinopathy alter ferritin functionality and iron permeability. Metallomics 2020; 11:1635-1647. [PMID: 31513212 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00154a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the iron storage and detoxification protein ferritin is composed of two functionally and genetically distinct subunit types, H (heavy) and L (light). The two subunits co-assemble in various ratios, with a tissue specific distribution, to form shell-like protein structures of 24 subunits within which a mineralized iron core is stored. The H-subunits possess ferroxidase centers that catalyze the rapid oxidation of ferrous ions, whereas the L-subunit does not have such centers and is believed to play an important role in electron transfer reactions that occur during the uptake and release of iron. Pathogenic mutations on the L-chain lead to neuroferritinopathy, a neurodegenerative disease characterized by abnormal accumulation of ferritin inclusion bodies and iron in the central nervous system. Here, we have characterized the thermal stability, iron loading capacity, iron uptake, and iron release properties of ferritin heteropolymers carrying the three pathogenic L-ferritin mutants (L154fs, L167fs, and L148fs, which for simplicity we named Ln1, Ln2 and Ln3, respectively), and a non-pathogenic variant (L135P) bearing a single substitution on the 3-fold axes of L-subunits. The UV-Vis data show a similar iron loading capacity (ranging between 1800 to 2400 Fe(iii)/shell) for all ferritin samples examined in this study, with Ln2 holding the least amount of iron (i.e. 1800 Fe(iii)/shell). The three pathogenic L-ferritin mutants revealed higher rates of iron oxidation and iron release, suggesting that a few mutated L-chains on the heteropolymer have a significant effect on iron permeability through the ferritin shell. DSC thermograms showed a strong destabilization effect, the severity of which depends on the location of the frameshift mutations (i.e. wt heteropolymer ferritin ≅ homopolymer H-chain > L135P > Ln2 > Ln1 > Ln3). Variant L135P had only minor effects on the protein functionality and stability, suggesting that local melting of the 3-fold axes in this variant may not be responsible for neuroferritinopathy-like disorders. The data support the hypothesis that hereditary neuroferritinopathies are due to alterations of ferritin functionality and lower physical stability which correlate with the frameshifts introduced at the C-terminal sequence and explain the dominant transmission of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R McNally
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Potsdam, New York 13676, USA.
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Waghwani HK, Uchida M, Fu CY, LaFrance B, Sharma J, McCoy K, Douglas T. Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) as a Platform for Hierarchical Compartmentalization. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2060-2072. [PMID: 32319761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hierarchically self-assembled structures are common in biology, but it is often challenging to design and fabricate synthetic analogs. The archetypal cell is defined by hierarchically organized multicompartmentalized structures with boundaries that delineate the interior from exterior environments and is an inspiration for complex functional materials. Here, we have demonstrated an approach to the design and construction of a nested protein cage system that can additionally incorporate the packing of other functional macromolecules and exhibit some of the features of a minimal synthetic cell-like material. We have demonstrated a strategy for controlled co-packaging of subcompartments, ferritin (Fn) cages, together with active cellobiose-hydrolyzing β-glycosidase enzyme macromolecules, CelB, inside the sequestered volume of the bacteriophage P22 capsid. Using controlled in vitro assembly, we were able to modulate the stoichiometry of Fn cages and CelB encapsulated inside the P22 to control the degree of compartmentalization. The co-encapsulated enzyme CelB showed catalytic activity even when packaged at high total macromolecular concentrations comparable to an intracellular environment. This approach could be used as a model to create synthetic protein-based protocells that can confine smaller functionalized proto-organelles and additional macromolecules to support a range of biochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Kumar Waghwani
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Masaki Uchida
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States.,Department of Chemistry, California State University Fresno, Fresno, California 93740, United States
| | - Chi-Yu Fu
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.,Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Benjamin LaFrance
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Jhanvi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Kimberly McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Trevor Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Abstract
Ferritins are evolutionarily conserved proteins that regulate cellular iron metabolism. It is the only intracellular protein that is capable of storing large quantities of iron. Although the ratio of different subunits determines the iron content of each ferritin molecule, the exact mechanism that dictates organization of these subunits still is unclear. In this review, we address renal ferritin expression and its implication in kidney disease. Specifically, we address the role of ferritin subunits in preventing kidney injury and also promoting tolerance against infection-associated kidney injury. We describe functions for ferritin that are independent of its ability to ferroxidize and store iron. We further discuss the implications of ferritin in body fluids, including blood and urine, during inflammation and kidney disease. Although there are several in-depth review articles on ferritin in the context of iron metabolism, we chose to focus on the role of ferritin particularly in kidney health and disease and highlight unanswered questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla McCullough
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Subhashini Bolisetty
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
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H-Ferritin is essential for macrophages' capacity to store or detoxify exogenously added iron. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3061. [PMID: 32080266 PMCID: PMC7033252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are central cells both in the immune response and in iron homeostasis. Iron is both essential and potentially toxic. Therefore, iron acquisition, transport, storage, and release are tightly regulated, by several important proteins. Cytosolic ferritin is an iron storage protein composed of 24 subunits of either the L- or the H-type chains. H-ferritin differs from L-ferritin in the capacity to oxidize Fe2+ to Fe3+. In this work, we investigated the role played by H-ferritin in the macrophages’ ability to respond to immune stimuli and to deal with exogenously added iron. We used mice with a conditional deletion of the H-ferritin gene in the myeloid lineage to obtain bone marrow-derived macrophages. These macrophages had normal viability and gene expression under basal culture conditions. However, when treated with interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide they had a lower activation of Nitric Oxide Synthase 2. Furthermore, H-ferritin-deficient macrophages had a higher sensitivity to iron-induced toxicity. This sensitivity was associated with a lower intracellular iron accumulation but a higher production of reactive oxygen species. These data indicate that H-ferritin modulates macrophage response to immune stimuli and that it plays an essential role in protection against iron-induced oxidative stress and cell death.
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Nasrollahi F, Sana B, Paramelle D, Ahadian S, Khademhosseini A, Lim S. Incorporation of Graphene Quantum Dots, Iron, and Doxorubicin in/on Ferritin Nanocages for Bimodal Imaging and Drug Delivery. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nasrollahi
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive, Block N1.3 Singapore 637457
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C‐MIT)University of California—Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California—Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of EngineeringUniversity of Tehran P.O. Box: 11155/4563 Tehran Iran
| | - Barindra Sana
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive, Block N1.3 Singapore 637457
- p53 LaboratoryAgency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 8A Biomedical Grove Singapore 138648
| | - David Paramelle
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringA*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08‐03 Singapore 138634
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C‐MIT)University of California—Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California—Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C‐MIT)University of California—Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California—Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of MedicineDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California—Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Sierin Lim
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive, Block N1.3 Singapore 637457
- NTU‐Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine (NNIN)Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Drive, Block N3.1, #01‐03 Singapore 637553
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Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of secreted ferritin in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Biometals 2019; 32:757-769. [PMID: 31363876 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin is a ubiquitous iron storage protein which plays key role in regulating iron homeostasis and metabolism. In this paper, the ferritin heavy chain homologs (HCH) and light chain homologs (LCH) from Bombyx mori (BmFerHCH and BmFerLCH) were amplified through PCR and cloned into the expression vector pET-30a(+). The recombinant BmFerHCH and BmFerLCH expressed in Escherichia coli were in the form of insoluble inclusion bodies, indicating that the two proteins were not in their natural structural conformation. In order to obtain refolded ferritin in vitro, the inclusion bodies (BmFerHCH and/or BmFerLCH) were dissolved in denaturing buffer (100 mM Tris, 50 mM Glycine, 8 M urea, 5 mM DTT, pH 8.0) and then refolded in refolding buffer (100 mM Tris, 400 mM L-arginine, 0.2 mM PMSF, 0.5 mM DTT). The result showed that it was only when both BmFerHCH and BmFerLCH were present together in the denaturing buffer that refolding was successful and resulted in the formation of heteropolymers (H-L chain dimers) over homopolymers (H-H chain or L-L chain dimers). Moreover, the molecules (NaCl, Triton and glycerol) were found to enhance protein refolding. The optimum temperature, pH and ratios of BmFerHCH/BmFerLCH required for refolding were found to be 10 °C, pH 7, 1:1 or 1:2, respectively. Finally, the refolded ferritin had the ability to store iron, exhibited ferroxidase activity, and could withstand high temperatures and pH treatment, which is consistent with ferritin in other species.
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Czaja AJ. Review article: iron disturbances in chronic liver diseases other than haemochromatosis - pathogenic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 49:681-701. [PMID: 30761559 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbances in iron regulation have been described in diverse chronic liver diseases other than hereditary haemochromatosis, and iron toxicity may worsen liver injury and outcome. AIMS To describe manifestations and consequences of iron dysregulation in chronic liver diseases apart from hereditary haemochromatosis and to encourage investigations that clarify pathogenic mechanisms, define risk thresholds for iron toxicity, and direct management METHODS: English abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms. Full length articles were selected for review, and secondary and tertiary bibliographies were developed. RESULTS Hyperferritinemia is present in 4%-65% of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, chronic viral hepatitis, or alcoholic liver disease, and hepatic iron content is increased in 11%-52%. Heterozygosity for the C282Y mutation is present in 17%-48%, but this has not uniformly distinguished patients with adverse outcomes. An inappropriately low serum hepcidin level has characterised most chronic liver diseases with the exception of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and the finding has been associated mainly with suppression of transcriptional activity of the hepcidin gene. Iron overload has been associated with oxidative stress, advanced fibrosis and decreased survival, and promising therapies beyond phlebotomy and oral iron chelation have included hepcidin agonists. CONCLUSIONS Iron dysregulation is common in chronic liver diseases other than hereditary haemochromatosis, and has been associated with liver toxicity and poor prognosis. Further evaluation of iron overload as a co-morbid factor should identify the key pathogenic disturbances, establish the risk threshold for iron toxicity, and promote molecular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Czaja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
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Hagen WR, Hagedoorn PL, Honarmand Ebrahimi K. The workings of ferritin: a crossroad of opinions. Metallomics 2018; 9:595-605. [PMID: 28573266 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00124j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biochemistry of the essential element iron is complicated by radical chemistry associated with Fe(ii) ions and by the extremely low solubility of the Fe(iii) ion in near-neutral water. To mitigate these problems cells from all domains of life synthesize the protein ferritin to take up and oxidize Fe(ii) and to form a soluble storage of Fe(iii) from which iron can be made available for physiology. A long history of studies on ferritin has not yet resulted in a generally accepted mechanism of action of this enzyme. In fact strong disagreement exists between extant ideas on several key steps in the workings of ferritin. The scope of this review is to explain the experimental background of these controversies and to indicate directions towards their possible resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred R Hagen
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
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40
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Oliveira FM, Da Costa AC, Procopio VO, Garcia W, Araújo JN, Da Silva RA, Junqueira-Kipnis AP, Kipnis A. Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense mycma_0076 and mycma_0077 Genes Code for Ferritins That Are Modulated by Iron Concentration. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1072. [PMID: 29910777 PMCID: PMC5992710 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus complex has been characterized in the last decade as part of a cluster of mycobacteria that evolved from an opportunistic to true human pathogen; however, the factors responsible for pathogenicity are still undefined. It appears that the success of mycobacterial infection is intrinsically related with the capacity of the bacteria to regulate intracellular iron levels, mostly using iron storage proteins. This study evaluated two potential M. abscessus subsp. massiliense genes involved in iron storage. Unlike other opportunist or pathogenic mycobacteria studied, M. abscessus complex has two genes similar to ferritins from M. tuberculosis (Rv3841), and in M. abscessus subsp. massiliense, those genes are annotated as mycma_0076 and mycma_0077. Molecular dynamic analysis of the predicted expressed proteins showed that they have a ferroxidase center. The expressions of mycma_0076 and mycma_0077 genes were modulated by the iron levels in both in vitro cultures as well as infected macrophages. Structural studies using size-exclusion chromatography, circular dichroism spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering showed that r0076 protein has a structure similar to those observed in the ferritin family. The r0076 forms oligomers in solution most likely composed of 24 subunits. Functional studies with recombinant proteins, obtained from heterologous expression of mycma_0076 and mycma_0077 genes in Escherichia coli, showed that both proteins were capable of oxidizing Fe2+ into Fe3+, demonstrating that these proteins have a functional ferroxidase center. In conclusion, two ferritins proteins were shown, for the first time, to be involved in iron storage in M. abscessus subsp. massiliense and their expressions were modulated by the iron levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio M. Oliveira
- Tropical Institute of Pathology and Public Health, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Adeliane C. Da Costa
- Tropical Institute of Pathology and Public Health, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Victor O. Procopio
- Tropical Institute of Pathology and Public Health, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Wanius Garcia
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Juscemácia N. Araújo
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Roosevelt A. Da Silva
- Collaborative Center of Biosystems, Regional Jataí, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Junqueira-Kipnis
- Tropical Institute of Pathology and Public Health, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - André Kipnis
- Tropical Institute of Pathology and Public Health, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Zhang L, Bailey JB, Subramanian RH, Groisman A, Tezcan FA. Hyperexpandable, self-healing macromolecular crystals with integrated polymer networks. Nature 2018; 557:86-91. [PMID: 29720635 PMCID: PMC6334653 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The formation of condensed matter typically involves a trade-off between structural order and flexibility. As the extent and directionality of interactions between atomic or molecular components increase, materials generally become more ordered but less compliant, and vice versa. Nevertheless, high levels of structural order and flexibility are not necessarily mutually exclusive; there are many biological (such as microtubules1,2, flagella 3 , viruses4,5) and synthetic assemblies (for example, dynamic molecular crystals6-9 and frameworks10-13) that can undergo considerable structural transformations without losing their crystalline order and that have remarkable mechanical properties8,14,15 that are useful in diverse applications, such as selective sorption 16 , separation 17 , sensing 18 and mechanoactuation 19 . However, the extent of structural changes and the elasticity of such flexible crystals are constrained by the necessity to maintain a continuous network of bonding interactions between the constituents of the lattice. Consequently, even the most dynamic porous materials tend to be brittle and isolated as microcrystalline powders 14 , whereas flexible organic or inorganic molecular crystals cannot expand without fracturing. Owing to their rigidity, crystalline materials rarely display self-healing behaviour 20 . Here we report that macromolecular ferritin crystals with integrated hydrogel polymers can isotropically expand to 180 per cent of their original dimensions and more than 500 per cent of their original volume while retaining periodic order and faceted Wulff morphologies. Even after the separation of neighbouring ferritin molecules by 50 ångströms upon lattice expansion, specific molecular contacts between them can be reformed upon lattice contraction, resulting in the recovery of atomic-level periodicity and the highest-resolution ferritin structure reported so far. Dynamic bonding interactions between the hydrogel network and the ferritin molecules endow the crystals with the ability to resist fragmentation and self-heal efficiently, whereas the chemical tailorability of the ferritin molecules enables the creation of chemically and mechanically differentiated domains within single crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jake B Bailey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rohit H Subramanian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Groisman
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - F Akif Tezcan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Abstract
Haemochromatosis is defined as systemic iron overload of genetic origin, caused by a reduction in the concentration of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin, or a reduction in hepcidin-ferroportin binding. Hepcidin regulates the activity of ferroportin, which is the only identified cellular iron exporter. The most common form of haemochromatosis is due to homozygous mutations (specifically, the C282Y mutation) in HFE, which encodes hereditary haemochromatosis protein. Non-HFE forms of haemochromatosis due to mutations in HAMP, HJV or TFR2 are much rarer. Mutations in SLC40A1 (also known as FPN1; encoding ferroportin) that prevent hepcidin-ferroportin binding also cause haemochromatosis. Cellular iron excess in HFE and non-HFE forms of haemochromatosis is caused by increased concentrations of plasma iron, which can lead to the accumulation of iron in parenchymal cells, particularly hepatocytes, pancreatic cells and cardiomyocytes. Diagnosis is noninvasive and includes clinical examination, assessment of plasma iron parameters, imaging and genetic testing. The mainstay therapy is phlebotomy, although iron chelation can be used in some patients. Hepcidin supplementation might be an innovative future approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Brissot
- INSERM, Univ. Rennes, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Antonello Pietrangelo
- Division of Internal Medicine 2 and Center for Haemochromatosis, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Paul C. Adams
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara de Graaff
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Olivier Loréal
- INSERM, Univ. Rennes, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Preclinical and clinical advances in transposon-based gene therapy. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160614. [PMID: 29089466 PMCID: PMC5715130 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transposons derived from Sleeping Beauty (SB), piggyBac (PB), or Tol2 typically require cotransfection of transposon DNA with a transposase either as an expression plasmid or mRNA. Consequently, this results in genomic integration of the potentially therapeutic gene into chromosomes of the desired target cells, and thus conferring stable expression. Non-viral transfection methods are typically preferred to deliver the transposon components into the target cells. However, these methods do not match the efficacy typically attained with viral vectors and are sometimes associated with cellular toxicity evoked by the DNA itself. In recent years, the overall transposition efficacy has gradually increased by codon optimization of the transposase, generation of hyperactive transposases, and/or introduction of specific mutations in the transposon terminal repeats. Their versatility enabled the stable genetic engineering in many different primary cell types, including stem/progenitor cells and differentiated cell types. This prompted numerous preclinical proof-of-concept studies in disease models that demonstrated the potential of DNA transposons for ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy. One of the merits of transposon systems relates to their ability to deliver relatively large therapeutic transgenes that cannot readily be accommodated in viral vectors such as full-length dystrophin cDNA. These emerging insights paved the way toward the first transposon-based phase I/II clinical trials to treat hematologic cancer and other diseases. Though encouraging results were obtained, controlled pivotal clinical trials are needed to corroborate the efficacy and safety of transposon-based therapies.
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Mohajeri M, Behnam B, Cicero AFG, Sahebkar A. Protective effects of curcumin against aflatoxicosis: A comprehensive review. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3552-3577. [PMID: 29034472 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxicosis is a deleterious medical condition that results from aflatoxins (AFs) or ochratoxins (OTs). Contamination with these toxins exerts detrimental effects on the liver, kidneys, reproductive organs, and also on immunological and cardiovascular systems. Aflatoxicosis is closely associated with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as key contributors to oxidative and nitrosative stress responses, and subsequent damages to lipids, proteins, RNA, and DNA. The main target organ for AF toxicity is the liver, where DNA adducts, degranulation of endoplasmic reticulum, increased hepatic lipid peroxide, GSH depletion, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduction of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants are manifestations of aflatoxicosis. Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) is a medicinal plant widely utilized all over the world for culinary and phytomedical purposes. Considering the antioxidant characteristic of curcumin, the main active component of turmeric, this review is intended to critically summarize the available evidence supporting possible effectiveness of curcumin against aflatoxicosis. Curcumin can serve as a promising candidate for attenuation of the adverse consequences of aflatoxicosis, acting mainly through intrinsic antioxidant effects aroused from its structure, modulation of the immune system as reflected by interleukin-1β and transforming growth factor-β, and interfering with AF's biotransformation by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CYP1A, CYP3A, CYP2A, CYP2B, and CYP2C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mohajeri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behzad Behnam
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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45
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Khare G, Nangpal P, Tyagi AK. Differential Roles of Iron Storage Proteins in Maintaining the Iron Homeostasis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169545. [PMID: 28060867 PMCID: PMC5218490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferritins and bacterioferritins are iron storage proteins that represent key players in iron homeostasis. Several organisms possess both forms of ferritins, however, their relative physiological roles are less understood. Mycobacterium tuberculosis possesses both ferritin (BfrB) and bacterioferritin (BfrA), playing an essential role in its pathogenesis as reported by us earlier. This study provides insights into the role of these two proteins in iron homeostasis by employing M. tuberculosis bfr mutants. Our data suggests that BfrA is required for efficient utilization of stored iron under low iron conditions while BfrB plays a crucial role as the major defense protein under excessive iron conditions. We show that these two proteins provide protection against oxidative stress and hypoxia. Iron incorporation study showed that BfrB has higher capacity for storing iron than BfrA, which augurs well for efficient iron quenching under iron excess conditions. Moreover, iron release assay demonstrated that BfrA has 3 times superior ability to release stored iron emphasizing its requirement for efficient iron release under low iron conditions, facilitated by the presence of heme. Thus, for the first time, our observations suggest that the importance of BfrA or BfrB separately might vary depending upon the iron situation faced by the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Khare
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Prachi Nangpal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil K. Tyagi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, India
- Vice Chancellor, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16-C, Dwarka New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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de Turris V, Cardoso Trabuco M, Peruzzi G, Boffi A, Testi C, Vallone B, Celeste Montemiglio L, Georges AD, Calisti L, Benni I, Bonamore A, Baiocco P. Humanized archaeal ferritin as a tool for cell targeted delivery. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:647-655. [PMID: 27942679 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07129e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Human ferritins have been extensively studied to be used as nanocarriers for diverse applications and could represent a convenient alternative for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs and imaging agents. However, the most relevant limitation to their applications is the need for highly acidic experimental conditions during the initial steps of particle/cargo assembly, a process that could affect both drug stability and the complete reassembly of the ferritin cage. To overcome this issue the unique assembly of Archaeoglobus fulgidus ferritin was genetically engineered by changing a surface exposed loop of 12 amino acids connecting B and C helices to mimic the sequence of the analogous human H-chain ferritin loop. This new chimeric protein was shown to maintain the unique, cation linked, association-dissociation properties of Archaeoglobus fulgidus ferritin occurring at neutral pH values, while exhibiting the typical human H-homopolymer recognition by the transferrin receptor TfR1. The chimeric protein was confirmed to be actively and specifically internalized by HeLa cells, thus representing a unique nanotechnological tool for cell-targeted delivery of possible payloads for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the 12 amino acids' loop is necessary and sufficient for binding to the transferrin receptor. The three-dimensional structure of the humanized Archaeoglobus ferritin has been obtained both as crystals by X-ray diffraction and in solution by cryo-EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria de Turris
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, V.le Regina Elena 291, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, V.le Regina Elena 291, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Alberto Boffi
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, V.le Regina Elena 291, Rome 00161, Italy. and Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, P.le A. Moro, 7, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Testi
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, V.le Regina Elena 291, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Vallone
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, P.le A. Moro, 7, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Celeste Montemiglio
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Amédée Des Georges
- The City University of New York Advanced Science Research Center 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Lorenzo Calisti
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Benni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bonamore
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Baiocco
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, V.le Regina Elena 291, Rome 00161, Italy.
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Abstract
Iron is very important in many biological processes and the ferritin protein family has evolved to store iron and to maintain cellular iron homeostasis. The deletion of the coding gene for the H subunit of ferritin leads to early embryonic death in mice and mutations in the gene for the L subunits in humans has been observed in neurodegenerative diseases, such as neuroferritinopathy. Thus, understanding how ferritin works is imperative and many studies have been conducted to delineate the molecular mechanism of ferritins and bacterioferritins. In the ferritin protein family, it is clear that a catalytic center for iron oxidation, the routes for iron to reach this center and the ability to nucleate an iron core, are common requirements for all ferritins. However, there are differences in the structural and mechanistic details of iron oxidation and mineralization. Although a common mechanism has been proposed for all ferritins, this mechanism needs to be further explored. There is a mechanistic diversity related to structural variation in the ferritin protein family. It is clear that other factors appear to affect the mechanism of iron oxidation and mineralization. This review focusses on the structural features of the ferritin protein family and its role in the mechanism of iron mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Yévenes
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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48
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Boumaiza M, Carmona F, Poli M, Asperti M, Gianoncelli A, Bertuzzi M, Ruzzenenti P, Arosio P, Marzouki MN. Production and characterization of functional recombinant hybrid heteropolymers of camel hepcidin and human ferritin H and L chains. Protein Eng Des Sel 2016; 30:77-84. [PMID: 27980120 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzw066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is a liver-synthesized hormone that plays a central role in the regulation of systemic iron homeostasis. To produce a new tool for its functional properties the cDNA coding for camel hepcidin-25 was cloned at the 5'end of human FTH sequence into the pASK-IBA43plus vector for expression in Escherichia coli The recombinant fusion hepcidin-ferritin-H subunit was isolated as an insoluble iron-containing protein. When alone it did not refold in a 24-mer ferritin molecule, but it did when renatured together with H- or L-ferritin chains. We obtained stable ferritin shells exposing about 4 hepcidin peptides per 24-mer shell. The molecules were then reduced and re-oxidized in a controlled manner to allow the formation of the proper hepcidin disulfide bridges. The functionality of the exposed hepcidin was confirmed by its ability to specifically bind the mouse macrophage cell line J774 that express ferroportin and to promote ferroportin degradation. This chimeric protein may be useful for studying the hepcidin-ferroportin interaction in cells and also as drug-delivery agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Boumaiza
- Laboratoire d'ingénierie des protéines et des molécules bioactives, Institut Nationale des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (I.N.S.A.T.) BP 676, Tunis Cedex 1080, Tunisie
| | - Fernando Carmona
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11 , Brescia, Italy
| | - Maura Poli
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11 , Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Asperti
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11 , Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Proteomics Platform, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Bertuzzi
- Proteomics Platform, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Ruzzenenti
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11 , Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11 , Brescia, Italy
| | - Mohamed Nejib Marzouki
- Laboratoire d'ingénierie des protéines et des molécules bioactives, Institut Nationale des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (I.N.S.A.T.) BP 676, Tunis Cedex 1080, Tunisie
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49
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Zhang S, Zang J, Wang W, Chen H, Zhang X, Wang F, Wang H, Zhao G. Conversion of the Native 24-mer Ferritin Nanocage into Its Non-Native 16-mer Analogue by Insertion of Extra Amino Acid Residues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jiachen Zang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Wenming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science; Shanxi University; Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Hai Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Fudi Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science; Shanxi University; Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Guanghua Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education; Beijing 100083 China
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50
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Zhang S, Zang J, Wang W, Chen H, Zhang X, Wang F, Wang H, Zhao G. Conversion of the Native 24-mer Ferritin Nanocage into Its Non-Native 16-mer Analogue by Insertion of Extra Amino Acid Residues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:16064-16070. [PMID: 27885765 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Protein assemblies with high symmetry are widely distributed in nature. Most efforts so far have focused on repurposing these protein assemblies, a strategy that is ultimately limited by the structures available. To overcome this limitation, methods for fabricating novel self-assembling proteins have received intensive interest. Herein, by reengineering the key subunit interfaces of native 24-mer protein cage with octahedral symmetry through amino acid residues insertion, we fabricated a 16-mer lenticular nanocage whose structure is unique among all known protein cages. This newly non-native protein can be used for encapsulation of bioactive compounds and exhibits high uptake efficiency by cancer cells. More importantly, the above strategy could be applied to other naturally occurring protein assemblies with high symmetry, leading to the generation of new proteins with unexplored functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiachen Zang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Hai Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Guanghua Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China
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