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Borah P, Deka H. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) accumulation in selected medicinal plants: a mini review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:36532-36550. [PMID: 38753233 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The use of plant-based products in healthcare systems has experienced a tremendous rise leading to a substantial increase in global demand. However, the quality and effectiveness of such plant-based treatments are often affected due to contamination of various pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Like other plants, medicinal plants also uptake and accumulate PAHs when exposed to a contaminated environment. The consumption of such medicinal plants and/or plant-based products causes negative effects on health rather than providing any therapeutic advantages. Unfortunately, research focusing on PAH accumulation in medicinal plants has received very limited attention. This review discusses a sizable number of literature regarding the concentration of sixteen priority PAH pollutants as recognised by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in different medicinal plants. The review also highlights the risk assessment of cancer associated with some medicinal plants in terms of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) equivalent concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Borah
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-14, Assam, India
| | - Hemen Deka
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-14, Assam, India.
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2
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Zhang H, Lei T, Li X, Yang R, Dong G, Yang Y. A strategy to reduce the effect of organic matter on fluorescence intensity for improving the detection accuracy of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 293:122446. [PMID: 36764166 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy has been used for rapid detection of PAHs in soil, but soil organic matter (SOM) produces strong interference to the fluorescence intensity of PAHs, which restricts the application of fluorescence spectroscopy for rapid detection of PAHs in soil. A correction method of reducing the interference of SOM on PAHs fluorescence intensity was proposed combining fluorescence and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Six soil samples with different concentrations of humic acid (HA) at a given phenanthrene concentration (5 mg/g) were prepared and scanned for obtaining the fluorescence and NIR diffuse reflectance spectra. The spectral data showed that the fluorescence intensity and NIR diffuse reflectance had an approximate trend with the change of HA concentration. It was found that the NIR diffuse reflection at 4672 cm-1 as a calibration factor could effectively reduce the interference of HA on the fluorescence intensity of phenanthrene. Subsequently, a standard curve for the quantitative analysis of phenanthrene in soil was established based on the fluorescence intensity before and after calibration. For the unknown samples, the predicted average relative errors of the standard curves before and after calibration were 27.46 % and 9.00 %, respectively. The results showed that the proposed correction method could reduce the interference of HA on the quantitative analysis of PAHs, and provide a reference for eliminating the interference constraint of fluorescence spectroscopy technique for rapid real-time detection of PAHs in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Tao Lei
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Renjie Yang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Guimei Dong
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Yanrong Yang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China
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Viteri F, Sánchez NE, Alexandrino K. Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Leaf and Bark Samples of Sambucus nigra Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Methods Protoc 2023; 6:mps6010017. [PMID: 36827504 PMCID: PMC9967641 DOI: 10.3390/mps6010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous organic compounds coming from natural or anthropogenic activities. Tree organs such as leaves and barks have been used to monitor urban air quality and have achieved remarkable ecological importance. However, the potential of many tree species as biomonitors is still unknown and efforts should be focused on conducting studies that analyze their capabilities with a viable analytical method. In this work, an analytical method for quantification of the 16 EPA priority PAHs from the leaves and bark of Sambucus nigra was validated. In general, the method showed good linearity, detection limits, precision, and recoveries, demonstrating that it is suitable for analyzing PAHs in both the leaves and bark of the Sambucus nigra species for which no analytical method for PAHs is yet available. The high prevalence of fluoranthene in the samples, which is a PAH related to coal combustion and biomass burning, and benzo[a]pyrene, which has a carcinogenic effect, was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Viteri
- Grupo de Protección Ambiental (GPA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería e Industrias, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Nazly E. Sánchez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Ambiental y Sanitaria, Universidad del Cauca, Popayan 190007, Colombia
| | - Katiuska Alexandrino
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170503, Ecuador
- Correspondence:
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Lei T, Zhang H, Yang R, Dong G, Liu H, Wu N. Separation of the overlapped humic acid and BGP characteristic peaks using two-dimensional correlation fluorescence-UV-vis spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 286:121999. [PMID: 36279797 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy has been widely used to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment. However, the interference of coexisting humic acids (HA) in the environment poses a great challenge to the qualitative and quantitative detection of PAHs using fluorescence spectroscopy. In this study, the spectral properties of benzo [ghi] perylene (BGP) and HA were investigated based on fluorescence and UV-vis spectroscopy combined with two-dimensional (2D) correlation analysis. Under the external disturbance of HA concentration, the homo-2D (fluorescence, UV-visible) correlation and hetero-2D fluorescence-UV-visible correlation spectral characteristics of the mixed samples of HA and BGP were studied, and the effect of HA on the fluorescence of BGP was investigated. It can be inferred that the fluorescence peak at 478 nm come from BGP, and the fluorescence peaks at 442 nm and 533 nm, UV absorption peak at 233 nm come from HA. Meanwhile, asynchronous two-trace two-dimensional (2T2D) fluorescence correlation slice spectra at 533 nm were obtained. The slice spectral intensity at 478 nm was extracted to quantify the BGP concentration in mixture. The results showed that the slice spectral intensity and BGP concentration had a good linear relationship with the coefficient of determination R2 = 0.96. This research provides a way to further study the separation method of HA and PAHs or explore the correction method of the effect of HA on PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lei
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Renjie Yang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Guimei Dong
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Haixue Liu
- Laboratory of Agricultural Analysis, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Nan Wu
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China
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Alexandrino K, Sánchez NE, Zalakeviciute R, Acuña W, Viteri F. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Araucaria heterophylla Needles in Urban Areas: Evaluation of Sources and Road Characteristics. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151948. [PMID: 35956426 PMCID: PMC9370285 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Araucaria heterophylla needles were collected in urban areas of the city of Quito, Ecuador, to analyze the relationship between the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with different emission sources and road characteristics. The PAHs were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and included naphthalene (Naph), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), chrysene (Chry), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), which are related to the sources considered in this work. The results indicated that some streets with moderate and low traffic intensity had higher total concentrations of PAHs than streets with high traffic intensity, showing the importance of non-traffic related emission sources and road characteristics on PAH emissions. All the studied PAHs were associated with traffic emissions, although Naph and BaP were more associated with acceleration and braking activities, while BaA and Chry also seemed to come from restaurant emissions. The presence of gas stations was also important in the emission of PAHs. Road capacity seems to have a higher effect on pollutant emission than road gradient and urban forms. The outcomes of this study are expected to facilitate the diagnostics of the concentration of PAHs in urban areas, which contribute to the design of strategies for the mitigation of pollution by PAHs in urban environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska Alexandrino
- Grupo de Biodiversidad Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Universidad de Las Américas, Vía a Nayón, Quito 170124, Ecuador;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +593-2398-1000
| | - Nazly E. Sánchez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Ambiental y Sanitaria, Universidad del Cauca, Popayan 190007, Colombia;
| | - Rasa Zalakeviciute
- Grupo de Biodiversidad Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Universidad de Las Américas, Vía a Nayón, Quito 170124, Ecuador;
| | - Wilber Acuña
- Departamento de Electrónica, Instrumentación y Control, Universidad del Cauca, Popayan 190007, Colombia;
| | - Fausto Viteri
- Grupo de Protección Ambiental (GPA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería e Industrias, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador;
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6
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Dong G, Li X, Yang R, Yang Y, Liu H, Wu N. Correction method of effect of soil moisture on the fluorescence intensity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on near-infrared diffuse reflection spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116150. [PMID: 33293104 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil moisture has a strong impact on the fluorescence intensity of PAHs, which is undoubtedly posing a challenge for the development of rapid real-time fluorescence detection technology of PAHs in soil. In this work, NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was used to correct the fluorescence spectra of PAHs in order to reduce the effect of the soil moisture. To establish the correction method, eight soil samples with different moisture contents and a given phenanthrene concentration (8 mg/g) were prepared. The fluorescence and NIR diffuse reflectance spectra were collected for of all samples. It was found that the fluorescence spectra of the soil samples that vary with the moisture content together with the NIR diffuse reflectance spectra were considered for the correction of the fluorescence intensity of phenanthrene related to the moisture content. The results showed that the ratio of the fluorescence intensity at 384 nm to the NIR diffuse reflectance spectrum absorbance at 5184 cm-1 can be used as a correction factor to reduce the effect of the soil moisture on the fluorescence intensity of phenanthrene in the soil. The validity of the correction method was verified by the quantitative analysis of PAHs with different concentrations and soil moisture contents. The results showed better linearity between the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of PAHs after the correction (with a correlation coefficient R of 0.99) than before the correction (with R of 0.86). The relative prediction errors for three unknown samples decreased from 19%, 51% and 40% before the correction to 5%, 13% and 0.44% after the correction, respectively, indicating the feasibility of the detection of PAHs in the soil by the combination of fluorescence and NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimei Dong
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Renjie Yang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Yanrong Yang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Haixue Liu
- Laboratory of Agricultural Analysis, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Nan Wu
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin, 300384, China
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7
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Study on fluorescence interaction between humic acid and PAHs based on two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Removal Efficiencies of Constructed Wetland Planted with Phragmites and Vetiver in Treating Synthetic Wastewater Contaminated with High Concentration of PAHs. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12083357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the capability of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSFCWs) in treating contaminated wastewater with a high concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Phenanthrene, Pyrene, and Benzo[a]Pyrene), using two plants, namely Phragmites and Vetiver. The investigated parameters were (1) PAHs uptake by the plants, (2) PAHs removal efficiencies, (3) accumulated PAHs in the soil of CWs, (4) shoot/root concentration factor, (5) translocation factor, and (6) PAHs correlation to lipid contains in the plants. During the treatment period, the results showed that the highest concentration of Phenanthrene in the shoot and the root systems of Phragmites, was 229.3 and 192 μg/g; Pyrene was 69.1 and 59.2 µg/g; and Benzo[a]Pyrene 25.1 and 20.2 µg/g, respectively. Meanwhile, in the Vetiver shoot and root systems were Phenanthrene 87.5 and 64.1 µg/g; Pyrene 63.2 and 42.1 µg/g; and Benzo[a]Pyrene 21.3 and 27.3 µg/g, respectively. The removal rates of Phenanthrene, Pyrene, and Benzo[a]Pyrene (PAHs compounds) by the CW planted with Phragmites were found to be 83%, 71%, and 81%, respectively, while the removal rates by CW planted with Vetiver were found to be 67%, 66%, and 73%, respectively. Moreover, the removal rates by unplanted CW were found to be 62%, 58%, and 55%, respectively. The results indicated that the HSFCW planted with Phragmites has an effective pathway to remove high concentrations of PAHs.
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9
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Kong X, Chong X, Squire K, Wang AX. Microfluidic Diatomite Analytical Devices for Illicit Drug Sensing with ppb-Level Sensitivity. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2018; 259:587-595. [PMID: 29755211 PMCID: PMC5943051 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The escalating research interests in porous media microfluidics, such as microfluidic paper-based analytical devices, have fostered a new spectrum of biomedical devices for point-of-care (POC) diagnosis and biosensing. In this paper, we report microfluidic diatomite analytical devices (μDADs), which consist of highly porous photonic crystal biosilica channels, as an innovative lab-on-a-chip platform to detect illicit drugs. The μDADs in this work are fabricated by spin-coating and tape-stripping diatomaceous earth on regular glass slides with cross section of 400×30µm2. As the most unique feature, our μDADs can simultaneously perform on-chip chromatography to separate small molecules from complex biofluidic samples and acquire the surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectra of the target chemicals with high specificity. Owing to the ultra-small dimension of the diatomite microfluidic channels and the photonic crystal effect from the fossilized diatom frustules, we demonstrate unprecedented sensitivity down to part-per-billion (ppb) level when detecting pyrene (1ppb) from mixed sample with Raman dye and cocaine (10 ppb) from human plasma. This pioneering work proves the exclusive advantage of μDADs as emerging microfluidic devices for chemical and biomedical sensing, especially for POC drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianming Kong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, Liaoning 113001, P. R. China
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Xinyuan Chong
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Kenny Squire
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Alan X. Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Nestola M, Friedrich R, Bluhme P, Schmidt TC. Universal Route to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Analysis in Foodstuff: Two-Dimensional Heart-Cut Liquid Chromatography–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6195-203. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Nestola
- Instrumental
Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg−Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
- Axel Semrau GmbH & Co. KG, Stefansbecke 42, D-45549 Sprockhövel, Germany
| | - Rainer Friedrich
- Institute Kirchhoff Berlin GmbH, Albestr. 3-4, D-12159 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Bluhme
- Institute Kirchhoff Berlin GmbH, Albestr. 3-4, D-12159 Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten C. Schmidt
- Instrumental
Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg−Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
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11
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Liao X, Ma D, Yan X, Yang L. Distribution pattern of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in particle-size fractions of coking plant soils from different depth. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2013; 35:271-82. [PMID: 22975988 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-012-9482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in four size fractions (<2, 2-20, 20-200, >200 μm) in soils at different depth from a heavily contaminated crude benzol production facility of a coking plant were determined using GC-MS. Vertically, elevated total PAHs concentrations were observed in the soils at 3.0-4.5 m (layer B) and 6.0-7.5 m (layer C), relatively lower at 1.5-3.0 m (layer A) and 10.5-12.0 m (layer D). At all sampling sites, the silt (2-20 μm) contained the highest PAHs concentration (ranged from 726 to 2,711 mg/kg). Despite the substantial change in PAHs concentrations in soils with different particle sizes and lithologies, PAHs composition was similarly dominated by 2-3 ring species (86.5-98.3 %), including acenaphthene, fluorene, and phenanthrene. For the contribution of PAHs mass in each fraction to the bulk soil, the 20-200 μm size fraction had the greatest accumulation of PAHs in loamy sand layers at 1.0-7.5 m, increasing with depth; while in deeper sand layer at 10.5-12.0 m, the >200 μm size fraction showed highest percentages and contributed 81 % of total PAHs mass. For individual PAH distribution, the 2-3 ring PAHs were highly concentrated in the small size fraction (<2 and 2-20 μm); the 4-6 ring PAHs showed the highest concentrations in the 2-20 μm size fraction, increasing with depth. The distribution of PAHs was primarily determined by the sorption on soil organic matter and the characteristics of PAHs. This research should have significant contribution to PAH migration study and remediation design for PAHs-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Liao
- Beijing Key Lab of Industrial Land Contamination and Remediation, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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12
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Khillare P, Jyethi DS, Sarkar S. Health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals via dietary intake of vegetables grown in the vicinity of thermal power plants. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:1642-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Simple analysis of naphthalene in human whole blood and urine by headspace capillary gas chromatography with large-volume injection. Forensic Toxicol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-009-0074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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WATANABE K, HASEGAWA K, YAMAGISHI I, NOZAWA H, TAKABA M, SUZUKI O. Simple Isotope Dilution Headspace-GC-MS Analysis of Naphthalene and p-Dichlorobenzene in Whole Blood and Urine. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:1301-5. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako WATANABE
- Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Koutaro HASEGAWA
- Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Itaru YAMAGISHI
- Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Hideki NOZAWA
- Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Masamitsu TAKABA
- Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Osamu SUZUKI
- Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
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15
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Włodarczyk-Makuła M. PAHs balance in solid and liquid phase of sewage sludge during fermentation process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2008; 43:1602-1609. [PMID: 18988097 DOI: 10.1080/10934520802329869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis of PAHs both in sewage sludge and in supernatants before, during, and after methane fermentation process are presented in this paper. The investigations were carried out under laboratory scale in two series. The sludge samples originated from a municipal treatment plant. The process of fermentation was conducted using batch tests (a one-off batch supplemented with sludges). The content of 16 PAHs, listed by the US EPA, was determined using GC-MS technique. The aim of this investigation was to study changes in contribution groups of hydrocarbons (2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-ring) in relation to total concentration in PAHs. The objective of these investigations was to follow the changes in the PAHs content not only in sewage sludge (drymass) but also in supernatants (in the liquid phase), and to follow changes in concentration of PAHs during the methane fermentation process as well. The balance of PAHs load in sewage sludge and supernatants mixture was also calculated. An approximate two-fold decrease in dry matter of sludge was observed during the methane fermentation process. During sewage sludge digestion process 3- and 4-ring compounds were released from a solid phase to supernatants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Włodarczyk-Makuła
- Department of Chemistry, Water and Wastewater Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland.
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16
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Cofield N, Banks MK, Schwab AP. Lability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the rhizosphere. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 70:1644-52. [PMID: 17900653 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Revised: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of soils containing high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) seldom results in complete removal of contaminants, but residual toxicity often is reduced. In this study, soil from a former manufactured gas plant site was treated for 12 months by phytoremediation and then tested for total PAHs, Tenax-TA extractable ("labile") PAHs, aqueous soluble PAHs (PAH(wp)) , and biotoxicity assessed by earthworms survival, nematode mortality, emergence of lettuce seedlings, and microbial respiration. Prior to phytoremediation, the soil had toxic impacts on all bioassays (except the nematodes), and 12 months of remediation decreased this response. Change in labile PAHs was a predictor for change in total PAH for 3- and 4-ring compounds but not for the 5- and 6-ring. Decreases in labile PAHs were correlated (r(2)>or=0.80) with toxicity in the bioassays except microbial respiration. PAH(wp) was correlated only with nematode toxicity prior to remediation but with none of the tests after remediation. Total PAHs were not correlated with any of the bioassay tests. Tenax-TA appears to have potential for predicting residual toxicity in remediated soils and is superior to total concentrations for that application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naressa Cofield
- School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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17
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Varlet V, Serot T, Monteau F, Le Bizec B, Prost C. Determination of PAH profiles by GC–MS/MS in salmon processed by four cold-smoking techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 24:744-57. [PMID: 17613060 DOI: 10.1080/02652030601139946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method based on gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) (triple quadrupole device) has been developed for quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoked salmon. This method was applied to determine PAH concentrations in smoked fish and assess the impact of four industrial smoking processes on their profiles. Two smokehouse temperatures and three smoke-exposure times were applied. All the smoking techniques used lead to acceptable PAH levels: the quantities recovered are 100 times lower than the legal limit (5 microg kg(-1)) concerning the principal PAH, i.e. benzo[a]pyrene. To compare different smoking processes, the toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) approach was chosen. Smouldering leads to the highest TEQ, while liquid smoke leads to the lowest TEQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Varlet
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes,atlanpôle La Chantrerie, route de Gachet, BP 50707, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
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MARTIN D, RUIZ J. Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in solid matrixes by solid-phase microextraction coupled to a direct extraction device. Talanta 2007; 71:751-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2006] [Revised: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/12/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Meudec A, Dussauze J, Jourdin M, Deslandes E, Poupart N. Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon analysis in plant biota. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1108:240-7. [PMID: 16442550 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2005] [Revised: 01/02/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, a new method was developed for the identification and the quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in plants. This method was particularly optimised for PAH analyses in marine plants such as the halophytic species, Salicornia fragilis Ball et Tutin. The saponification of samples and their clean up by Florisil solid-phase extraction succeeded in eliminating pigments and natural compounds, which may interfere with GC-MS analysis. Moreover, a good recovery of the PAHs studied was obtained with percentages ranging from 88 to 116%. Application to the determination of PAH in a wide range of coastal halophytic plants is presented and validated the efficiency, the accuracy and the reproducibility of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Meudec
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie et de Biotechnologie des Halophytes et des Algues Marines, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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Numata M, Yarita T, Aoyagi Y, Yamazaki M, Takatsu A. Investigation of saponification for determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in marine sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2005; 58:865-875. [PMID: 15639257 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Revised: 08/05/2004] [Accepted: 10/04/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of saponification conditions (temperature and water content of saponifying solution) on the determination of chlorinated biphenyls (CBs) in marine sediments were investigated. Although highly chlorinated biphenyls (nona- to deca-CBs) decomposed during high-temperature saponification, the degree of degradation was reduced by adding water to the ethanolic potassium hydroxide saponifying solution. Room-temperature saponification yielded quantitative recovery of highly chlorinated biphenyl surrogates but low extraction efficiencies of lightly chlorinated biphenyls (mono- to di-CBs). The same samples were analyzed by other extraction techniques, for example, pressurized liquid extraction, and analytical results were compared. The mono- and di-CB concentrations were correlated with the extraction temperatures of various extraction techniques. In particular, the concentrations of some CB congeners (CB11, CB14) were higher with saponification. The low degree of degradation of highly chlorinated biphenyls and the high recovery of lightly chlorinated biphenyls were compatible when room-temperature and high-temperature saponification were combined. Except for the anomalies of CB11 and CB14, the combined method gave satisfactory results for analysis of PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Numata
- Environmental Standards Section, National Metrology Institute of Japan, AIST, Central 3-10, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan.
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TAKEDA R, IKUMA Y, MATSUMOTO S, KOMEMUSHI S, SAWABE A. Field investigation of PAHs in soils around Nara city. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2004. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.53.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji TAKEDA
- Department of Applied Life Science and Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kinki University
| | - Yoshimasa IKUMA
- Department of Applied Life Science and Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kinki University
| | - Sadayoshi MATSUMOTO
- Department of Applied Life Science and Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kinki University
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University
| | - Sadao KOMEMUSHI
- Department of Applied Life Science and Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kinki University
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University
| | - Akiyoshi SAWABE
- Department of Applied Life Science and Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kinki University
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University
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Selective solid-phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the chemically modified polymeric adsorbents with protoporphyrin IX. Chromatographia 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2002; 37:1176-1184. [PMID: 12447897 DOI: 10.1002/jms.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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