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Regulatory T-cell subset distribution in children with primary hypertension is associated with hypertension severity and hypertensive target organ damage. J Hypertens 2021; 38:692-700. [PMID: 31834124 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between circulating regulatory T-cell (Tregs) subset distribution and hypertension severity in children with primary hypertension is not known. We aimed to find out if target organ damage (TOD) in children with primary hypertension is related to defects in Tregs distribution reflected by their phenotype characteristics. METHODS The study constituted 33 nontreated hypertensive children and 35 sex-matched and age-matched controls. Using multicolor flow cytometry technique, we assessed a distribution of the total Tregs (CD4CD25CD127) and their subsets (CD45RA-naive Tregs, CD45RA memory/activated Tregs, CD45RACD31 recent thymic emigrants Tregs and mature naive CD45RACD31 Tregs) in the whole blood. RESULTS Hypertensive children showed decreased percentage of the total Tregs, the CD45RA-naive Tregs, the total CD31 Tregs and the recent thymic emigrants Tregs but elevation of the CD45RA memory/activated Treg and mature naive CD45RACD31 Tregs. Decreased frequency of the total Tregs, naive Tregs and CD31-bearing Treg cell subsets (CD31 total Tregs, CD45RACD31 recent thymic emigrants Tregs) negatively correlated to TOD markers, arterial stiffness and blood pressure elevation. In contrast, increased percentage of memory Tregs and CD31 Tregs subsets positively correlated to organ damage markers, arterial stiffness and blood pressure values. These changes were independent of BMI, age, sex and hsCRP. CONCLUSION Both diagnosis of hypertension, TOD and arterial stiffness in hypertensive children were associated with decreased population of total CD4 Tregs, limited output of recent thymic emigrants Tregs, and increased pool of activated/memory Tregs. Hypertension was an independent predictor of the circulating Treg subsets distribution irrespective of hsCRP.
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D'Arena G, Vitale C, Rossi G, Coscia M, Omedè P, D'Auria F, Statuto T, Valvano L, Ciolli S, Gilestro M, Molica S, Bellesi S, Topini G, Panichi V, Autore F, Innocenti I, Musto P, Deaglio S, Laurenti L, Del Vecchio L. CD200 included in a 4-marker modified Matutes score provides optimal sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Hematol Oncol 2018; 36:543-546. [PMID: 29602219 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CD200, a transmembrane type Ia glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, has been shown to have a differential expression in B-cell neoplasms. Here, we retrospectively assessed the diagnostic relevance of CD200 on 427 patients with B-cell chronic neoplasms in leukemic phase (median age, 69 y; range, 35-97 y). The final diagnosis based on the investigator's assessment was chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) in 75% of cases and non-CLL in 25% of cases. Sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of CLL (vs non-CLL) were calculated for the following markers: CD200, CD5, CD22, CD23, CD79b, FMC7, and SmIg. CD23 was the only marker without a statistically significant difference between the investigator assessment and the flowcytometric analysis. The other markers were unable-when individually evaluated-to discriminate between CLL and non-CLL, requiring the integration into a scoring system. The modified score no. 1 (addition of CD200) showed superimposable sensitivity and specificity compared with the Matutes score. The substitution of CD79b (modified score no. 2), surface membrane immunoglobulins (SmIg) (modified score no. 3), and CD79b and FMC7 (modified score no. 4) with CD200 showed that only the modified score no. 4 had both higher sensitivity and higher specificity compared with standard Matutes score. In conclusion, this work defines a simplified score, compared with the classical Matutes score, for the differential diagnosis of chronic B-cell leukaemia-which only requires 4 markers instead of 5 (CD5, CD23, CD200, and SmIg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni D'Arena
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Candida Vitale
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rossi
- Hematology Unit and Stem Cell Transplantation, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Marta Coscia
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Omedè
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fiorella D'Auria
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advances Diagnostics, IRCCS Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Teodora Statuto
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advances Diagnostics, IRCCS Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Luciana Valvano
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advances Diagnostics, IRCCS Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Molica
- Hematology Unit, "Pugliese e Ciaccio" Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Silvia Bellesi
- Hematology Unit, Catholic University of "Sacred Hearth", Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Topini
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Belcolle Hospital, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Autore
- Hematology Unit, Catholic University of "Sacred Hearth", Rome, Italy
| | - Idanna Innocenti
- Hematology Unit, Catholic University of "Sacred Hearth", Rome, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Cancer Referral Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Laurenti
- Hematology Unit, Catholic University of "Sacred Hearth", Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Del Vecchio
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a.r.l., "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
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González C, Esteban R, Canals C, Muñiz-Díaz E, Nogués N. Stabilization of Transfected Cells Expressing Low-Incidence Blood Group Antigens: Novel Methods Facilitating Their Use as Reagent-Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161968. [PMID: 27603310 PMCID: PMC5014343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The identification of erythrocyte antibodies in the serum of patients rely on panels of human red blood cells (RBCs), which coexpress many antigens and are not easily available for low-incidence blood group phenotypes. These problems have been addressed by generating cell lines expressing unique blood group antigens, which may be used as an alternative to human RBCs. However, the use of cell lines implies several drawbacks, like the requirement of cell culture facilities and the high cost of cryopreservation. The application of cell stabilization methods could facilitate their use as reagent cells in clinical laboratories. Methods We generated stably-transfected cells expressing low-incidence blood group antigens (Dia and Lua). High-expresser clones were used to assess the effect of TransFix® treatment and lyophilization as cell preservation methods. Cells were kept at 4°C and cell morphology, membrane permeability and antigenic properties were evaluated at several time-points after treatment. Results TransFix® addition to cell suspensions allows cell stabilization and proper antigen detection for at least 120 days, despite an increase in membrane permeability and a reduction in antigen expression levels. Lyophilized cells showed minor morphological changes and antigen expression levels were rather conserved at days 1, 15 and 120, indicating a high stability of the freeze-dried product. These stabilized cells have been proved to react specifically with human sera containing alloantibodies. Conclusions Both stabilization methods allow long-term preservation of the transfected cells antigenic properties and may facilitate their distribution and use as reagent-cells expressing low-incidence antigens, overcoming the limited availability of such rare RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia González
- Immunohematology Laboratory, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Esteban
- Immunohematology Laboratory, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Canals
- Immunohematology Laboratory, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Núria Nogués
- Immunohematology Laboratory, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Palchaudhuri R, Saez B, Hoggatt J, Schajnovitz A, Sykes DB, Tate TA, Czechowicz A, Kfoury Y, Ruchika F, Rossi DJ, Verdine GL, Mansour MK, Scadden DT. Non-genotoxic conditioning for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using a hematopoietic-cell-specific internalizing immunotoxin. Nat Biotechnol 2016; 34:738-45. [PMID: 27272386 PMCID: PMC5179034 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers curative therapy for patients with hemoglobinopathies, congenital immunodeficiencies, and other conditions, possibly including AIDS. Autologous HSCT using genetically corrected cells would avoid the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), but the genotoxicity of conditioning remains a substantial barrier to the development of this approach. Here we report an internalizing immunotoxin targeting the hematopoietic-cell-restricted CD45 receptor that effectively conditions immunocompetent mice. A single dose of the immunotoxin, CD45-saporin (SAP), enabled efficient (>90%) engraftment of donor cells and full correction of a sickle-cell anemia model. In contrast to irradiation, CD45-SAP completely avoided neutropenia and anemia, spared bone marrow and thymic niches, enabling rapid recovery of T and B cells, preserved anti-fungal immunity, and had minimal overall toxicity. This non-genotoxic conditioning method may provide an attractive alternative to current conditioning regimens for HSCT in the treatment of non-malignant blood diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Palchaudhuri
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Borja Saez
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Hoggatt
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amir Schajnovitz
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David B Sykes
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tiffany A Tate
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Agnieszka Czechowicz
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Youmna Kfoury
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fnu Ruchika
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Derrick J Rossi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory L Verdine
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael K Mansour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David T Scadden
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Riondato F, Martini V, Poggi A, Rota A, Comazzi S, Sulce M, Bruno B, Borrelli A, Miniscalco B. Identification of a suitable internal control for fluorescence analysis on canine peripheral blood samples. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 172:38-42. [PMID: 27032501 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reliable detection of fluorescence intensity (FI) by flow cytometry (FC) is fundamental. FI depends on instrument settings and sample processing procedures: thus, measurements should be done using internal controls with known FI. Commercially available beads-based standards are expensive, thus reducing their usability in the veterinary practice. Cell subsets with stable mean FI (MFI) within the population have been proposed as acceptable surrogates in human medicine. In veterinary medicine, no data exist about stability of antigen expression among different subjects or upon sample storage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate MFI variability of main lymphocytes antigens among the lymphoid cells within each subject, among different subjects, and upon 24-h storage, in order to identify the antigen most suitable as stable internal control in MFI analyses. Peripheral blood samples from 18 healthy dogs were analysed by FC within 3h from sampling to assess the expression of CD3, CD5, CD4, CD8, CD21 and cyCD79b using conjugated monoclonal antibodies. Analyses were restricted to the lymphoid population. Fluorescent microbeads were added to each tube, and antigen MFI was calculated as Relative Fluorescence Intensity RFI (CD/beads). Fluorescence histogram CV (fhCV) for each CD was regarded as an index of the variability of expression among lymphocytes within each subject (cell-to-cell variability); whereas the CV of RFI was regarded as an index of inter-subjects variability (dog-to-dog variability). In 11 cases, FC analyses were repeated after 24h storage at 4°C and RFI and CVs of fresh and stored samples were compared to assess variability linked to storage. CD4 was identified as the best antigen to be used as an internal control for MFI analyses in canine peripheral blood samples because of low cell-to-cell and dog-to-dog variability, and optimal stability upon 24-h storage. Blood samples from a second group of 21 healthy dogs were labelled only with CD4, in order to assess the influence of breed, sex and age on the expression of CD4 in a larger case series. Based on univariate GLMs, none of these variables influenced CD4 RFI. Normalizing fluorescence data using lymphoid CD4 MFI as a reference would improve the comparison of results obtained by different laboratories, patients or times in diagnostic and research analyses of FI. Further studies are needed to confirm our results with different FC approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Riondato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy.
| | - V Martini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - A Poggi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - A Rota
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - S Comazzi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - M Sulce
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - B Bruno
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - A Borrelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - B Miniscalco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
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Poncelet P, Robert S, Bailly N, Garnache-Ottou F, Bouriche T, Devalet B, Segatchian JH, Saas P, Mullier F. Tips and tricks for flow cytometry-based analysis and counting of microparticles. Transfus Apher Sci 2015; 53:110-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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Letzkus M, Luesink E, Starck-Schwertz S, Bigaud M, Mirza F, Hartmann N, Gerstmayer B, Janssen U, Scherer A, Schumacher MM, Verles A, Vitaliti A, Nirmala N, Johnson KJ, Staedtler F. Gene expression profiling of immunomagnetically separated cells directly from stabilized whole blood for multicenter clinical trials. Clin Transl Med 2014; 3:36. [PMID: 25984272 PMCID: PMC4424390 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-014-0036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinically useful biomarkers for patient stratification and monitoring of disease progression and drug response are in big demand in drug development and for addressing potential safety concerns. Many diseases influence the frequency and phenotype of cells found in the peripheral blood and the transcriptome of blood cells. Changes in cell type composition influence whole blood gene expression analysis results and thus the discovery of true transcript level changes remains a challenge. We propose a robust and reproducible procedure, which includes whole transcriptome gene expression profiling of major subsets of immune cell cells directly sorted from whole blood. Methods Target cells were enriched using magnetic microbeads and an autoMACS® Pro Separator (Miltenyi Biotec). Flow cytometric analysis for purity was performed before and after magnetic cell sorting. Total RNA was hybridized on HGU133 Plus 2.0 expression microarrays (Affymetrix, USA). CEL files signal intensity values were condensed using RMA and a custom CDF file (EntrezGene-based). Results Positive selection by use of MACS® Technology coupled to transcriptomics was assessed for eight different peripheral blood cell types, CD14+ monocytes, CD3+, CD4+, or CD8+ T cells, CD15+ granulocytes, CD19+ B cells, CD56+ NK cells, and CD45+ pan leukocytes. RNA quality from enriched cells was above a RIN of eight. GeneChip analysis confirmed cell type specific transcriptome profiles. Storing whole blood collected in an EDTA Vacutainer® tube at 4°C followed by MACS does not activate sorted cells. Gene expression analysis supports cell enrichment measurements by MACS. Conclusions The proposed workflow generates reproducible cell-type specific transcriptome data which can be translated to clinical settings and used to identify clinically relevant gene expression biomarkers from whole blood samples. This procedure enables the integration of transcriptomics of relevant immune cell subsets sorted directly from whole blood in clinical trial protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Letzkus
- Biomarker Development, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Evert Luesink
- Biomarker Development, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Marc Bigaud
- Biomarker Development, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fareed Mirza
- Scientific Capability Development, Pharma-Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Hartmann
- Biomarker Development, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Uwe Janssen
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | | | - Martin M Schumacher
- Biomarker Development, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aurelie Verles
- Biomarker Development, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Vitaliti
- Biomarker Development, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nanguneri Nirmala
- Biomarker Development, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Keith J Johnson
- Biomarker Development, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Frank Staedtler
- Biomarker Development, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
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Kalina T, Flores-Montero J, Lecrevisse Q, Pedreira CE, van der Velden VHJ, Novakova M, Mejstrikova E, Hrusak O, Böttcher S, Karsch D, Sędek Ł, Trinquand A, Boeckx N, Caetano J, Asnafi V, Lucio P, Lima M, Helena Santos A, Bonaccorso P, van der Sluijs-Gelling AJ, Langerak AW, Martin-Ayuso M, Szczepański T, van Dongen JJM, Orfao A. Quality assessment program for EuroFlow protocols: Summary results of four-year (2010-2013) quality assurance rounds. Cytometry A 2014; 87:145-56. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Kalina
- CLIP - Childhood Leukemia Investigation Prague and Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine; Charles University Prague and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Juan Flores-Montero
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL-IBSAL), Servicio General de Citometria (NUCLEUS) and Department of Medicine; University of Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - Quentin Lecrevisse
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL-IBSAL), Servicio General de Citometria (NUCLEUS) and Department of Medicine; University of Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - Carlos E. Pedreira
- Systems & Computing Department (PESC), COPPE - Engineering Graduate Program; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Brazil
| | | | - Michaela Novakova
- CLIP - Childhood Leukemia Investigation Prague and Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine; Charles University Prague and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ester Mejstrikova
- CLIP - Childhood Leukemia Investigation Prague and Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine; Charles University Prague and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Hrusak
- CLIP - Childhood Leukemia Investigation Prague and Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine; Charles University Prague and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Sebastian Böttcher
- Second Department of Medicine; University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein; Campus Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Dennis Karsch
- Second Department of Medicine; University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein; Campus Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Łukasz Sędek
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; Zabrze Medical University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
| | - Amelie Trinquand
- Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Cité, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut national de recherche médicale (INSERM) U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades Paris France
| | - Nancy Boeckx
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven and Department of Oncology; Catholic University Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Joana Caetano
- Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Hematology; Portuguese Institute of Oncology (IPOLFG); Lisbon Portugal
| | - Vahid Asnafi
- Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Cité, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut national de recherche médicale (INSERM) U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades Paris France
| | - Paulo Lucio
- Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Hematology; Portuguese Institute of Oncology (IPOLFG); Lisbon Portugal
| | - Margarida Lima
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Department of Hematology; Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Ana Helena Santos
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Department of Hematology; Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Paola Bonaccorso
- M.Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Clinic University of Milan Bicocca; Monza Italy
| | | | - Anton W. Langerak
- Department of Immunology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center; Rotterdam Netherlands
| | | | - Tomasz Szczepański
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; Zabrze Medical University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
| | | | - Alberto Orfao
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL-IBSAL), Servicio General de Citometria (NUCLEUS) and Department of Medicine; University of Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
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Tangri S, Vall H, Kaplan D, Hoffman B, Purvis N, Porwit A, Hunsberger B, Shankey TV. Validation of cell-based fluorescence assays: practice guidelines from the ICSH and ICCS - part III - analytical issues. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2014; 84:291-308. [PMID: 24022852 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Clinical diagnostic assays, may be classified as quantitative, quasi-quantitative or qualitative. The assay's description should state what the assay needs to accomplish (intended use or purpose) and what it is not intended to achieve. The type(s) of samples (whole blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), bone marrow, bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC), tissue, fine needle aspirate, fluid, etc.), instrument platform for use and anticoagulant restrictions should be fully validated for stability requirements and specified. When applicable, assay sensitivity and specificity should be fully validated and reported; these performance criteria will dictate the number and complexity of specimen samples required for validation. Assay processing and staining conditions (lyse/wash/fix/perm, stain pre or post, time and temperature, sample stability, etc.) should be described in detail and fully validated.
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10
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Jain J, Veggiani G, Howarth M. Cholesterol loading and ultrastable protein interactions determine the level of tumor marker required for optimal isolation of cancer cells. Cancer Res 2013; 73:2310-21. [PMID: 23378340 PMCID: PMC3618857 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell isolation via antibody-targeted magnetic beads is a powerful tool for research and clinical applications, most recently for isolating circulating tumor cells (CTC). Nonetheless fundamental features of the cell-bead interface are still unknown. Here we apply a clinically relevant antibody against the cancer target HER2 (ErbB2) for magnetic cell isolation. We investigate how many target proteins per cell are sufficient for a cell to be isolated. To understand the importance of primary antibody affinity, we compared a series of point mutants with known affinities and show that even starting with subnanomolar affinity, improving antibody affinity improved cell isolation. To test the importance of the connection between the primary antibody and the magnetic bead, we compared bridging the antibody to the beads with Protein L, secondary antibody, or streptavidin: the high-stability streptavidin-biotin linkage improved sensitivity by an order of magnitude. Cytoskeletal polymerization did not have a major effect on cell isolation, but isolation was inhibited by cholesterol depletion and enhanced by cholesterol loading of cells. Analyzing a panel of human cancer cell lines spanning a wide range of expression showed that the standard approach could only isolate the highest expressing cells. However, our optimization of cholesterol level, primary antibody affinity, and antibody-bead linkage allowed efficient and specific isolation of cells expressing low levels of HER2 or epithelial cell adhesion molecule. These insights should guide future approaches to cell isolation, either magnetically or using other means, and extend the range of cellular antigens and biomarkers that can be targeted for CTC isolation in cancer research and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayati Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Gianluca Veggiani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Mark Howarth
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
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Wang-Johanning F, Rycaj K, Plummer JB, Li M, Yin B, Frerich K, Garza JG, Shen J, Lin K, Yan P, Glynn SA, Dorsey TH, Hunt KK, Ambs S, Johanning GL. Immunotherapeutic potential of anti-human endogenous retrovirus-K envelope protein antibodies in targeting breast tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012; 104:189-210. [PMID: 22247020 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djr540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The envelope (env) protein of the human endogenous retrovirus type K (HERV-K) family is commonly expressed on the surface of breast cancer cells. We assessed whether HERV-K env is a potential target for antibody-based immunotherapy of breast cancer. METHODS We examined the expression of HERV-K env protein in various malignant (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, SKBR3, MDA-MB-453, T47D, and ZR-75-1) and nonmalignant (MCF-10A and MCF-10AT) human breast cell lines by immunoblot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry. Anti-HERV-K env monoclonal antibodies (mAbs; 6H5, 4D1, 4E11, 6E11, and 4E6) were used to target expression of HERV-K, and antitumor effects were assessed by quantifying growth and apoptosis of breast cancer cells in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo in mice (n = 5 per group) bearing xenograft tumors. The mechanisms responsible for 6H5 mAb-mediated effects were investigated by microarray assays, flow cytometry, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence staining. The expression of HERV-K env protein was assessed in primary breast tumors (n = 223) by immunohistochemistry. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS The expression of HERV-K env protein in malignant breast cancer cell lines was substantially higher than nonmalignant breast cells. Anti-HERV-K-specific mAbs inhibited growth and induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells in vitro. Mice treated with 6H5 mAb showed statistically significantly reduced growth of xenograft tumors compared with mice treated with control immunoglobulin (control [mIgG] vs 6H5 mAb, for tumors originating from MDA-MB-231 cells, mean size = 1448.33 vs 475.44 mm(3); difference = 972.89 mm(3), 95% CI = 470.17 to 1475.61 mm(3); P < .001). Several proteins involved in the apoptotic signaling pathways were overexpressed in vitro in 6H5 mAb-treated malignant breast cells compared with mIgG-treated control. HERV-K expression was detected in 148 (66%) of 223 primary breast tumors, and a higher rate of lymph node metastasis was associated with HERV-K-positive compared with HERV-K-negative tumors (43% vs 23%, P = .003). CONCLUSION Monoclonal antibodies against HERV-K env protein show potential as novel immunotherapeutic agents for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang-Johanning
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Gallo J, García I, Genicio N, Padro D, Penadés S. Specific labelling of cell populations in blood with targeted immuno-fluorescent/magnetic glyconanoparticles. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9818-25. [PMID: 21940045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Current performance of iron oxide nanoparticle-based contrast agents in clinical use is based on the unspecific accumulation of the probes in certain organs or tissues. Specific targeted biofunctional nanoparticles would significantly increase their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in vivo. In this study, multimodal fluorescent/magnetic glyco-nanoparticles were synthesized from gold-coated magnetite (glyco-ferrites) and converted into specific probes by the covalent coupling of protein G and subsequent incubation with an IgG antibody. The immuno-magnetic-fluorescent nanoparticles were applied to the specific labelling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a complex biological medium, as human blood. We have been able to label specifically PBMCs present in blood in a percentage as low as 0.10-0.17%. Red blood cells (RBCs) were also clearly labelled, even though the inherent T(2) contrast arising from the high iron content of these cells (coming mainly from haemoglobin). The labelling was further assessed at cellular level by fluorescence microscopy. In conclusion, we have developed new contrast agents able to label specifically a cell population under adverse biological conditions (low abundance, low intrinsic T(2), high protein content). These findings open the door to the application of these probes for the labelling and tracking of endogenous cell populations like metastatic cancer cells, or progenitor stem cells that exist in very low amount in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gallo
- Laboratory of GlycoNanotechnology, Biofunctional Nanomaterials Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, E-20009 San Sebastián, Spain
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13
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Canonico B, Betti M, Luchetti F, Battistelli M, Falcieri E, Ferri P, Zamai L, Barnett D, Papa S. Flow cytometric profiles, biomolecular and morphological aspects of transfixed leukocytes and red cells. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2010; 78:267-78. [PMID: 20222065 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the effects of the TransFix(TM) short-term stabilization technique on leukocyte subpopulations in both optimal and adverse storage temperatures and on different cellular concentrations. Particularly, we analyzed DNA cell content and membrane structure also for erythrocytes using a multiparametric approach. METHODS We studied biomolecular and morphological aspects of transfixed cells, by means of SEM, TEM, Western blotting, and by flow cytometry (FC). Furthermore, FC, Tunel, and electrophoresis were applied to evaluate DNA behavior. RESULTS We confirm preservation of scatter characteristics and immunophenotyping, extending such evaluations to cells stored in suboptimal conditions (25 degrees C and 37 degrees C) and in high density. Data demonstrate for lymphomonocytic cells an optimal conservation, slightly decreasing at higher temperatures for both 1/5 and 1/10 ratio (TransFix/sample), with enhanced autofluorescence. Eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils are shown to preserve differently over time. The three different cellular concentrations evaluated (30,000-120,000 cell/microl) demonstrate substantial stability in FI values. Furthermore DNA content analysis attests the absence of any apoptotic pattern. Transfixed red cell protein profile as well as their morphological features appears almost unaltered. CONCLUSIONS Cytometric performance is suboptimal in aged unfixed specimens because of apoptosis that affects light scatter properties. Our findings highlight that lymphomonocytic cells are well stabilized even at suboptimal temperature and cell density. TransFix is able to abolish any apoptotic features and acts as an optimal blood preservative for appropriate preanalytical stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Canonico
- Department of Human, Environment and Nature Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
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14
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From research tool to routine test: CD38 monitoring in HIV patients. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2009; 76:375-84. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Apweiler R, Aslanidis C, Deufel T, Gerstner A, Hansen J, Hochstrasser D, Kellner R, Kubicek M, Lottspeich F, Maser E, Mewes HW, Meyer HE, Müllner S, Mutter W, Neumaier M, Nollau P, Nothwang HG, Ponten F, Radbruch A, Reinert K, Rothe G, Stockinger H, Tárnok A, Taussig MJ, Thiel A, Thiery J, Ueffing M, Valet G, Vandekerckhove J, Wagener C, Wagner O, Schmitz G. Approaching clinical proteomics: Current state and future fields of application in cellular proteomics. Cytometry A 2009; 75:816-32. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Mittag A, Tárnok A. Basics of standardization and calibration in cytometry--a review. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2009; 2:470-481. [PMID: 19504519 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.200910033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Standardization, calibration, and controls (negative and positive controls) are essential for quality assurance. Cytometers are capable of reliable and repeatable cellular analyses. However, a prerequisite is instrument calibration and standardized preanalytics. Calibration is often done by beads. Beads are available for different quality control applications, e.g. calibration of size and measuring scale, compensation, absolute cell counting, and laser alignment. Results can be standardized by converting MFI values into MESF or ABC values. Standardized data allow comparison of experiments over a long period of time and between different instruments and laboratories. Alterations in the sensitivity of the cytometer can be detected by routinely performing quality control. The process of quality assurance quantifies and helps manage the variance from the desired value. Results can thus be compared objectively with those of other laboratories. Standardization is the basis of cytometry and a prerequisite for obtaining reliable data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Mittag
- Dept. of Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Strümpelstr. 39, 04275 Leipzig, Germany.
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17
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A label-free visual immunoassay on solid support with silver nanoparticles as plasmon resonance scattering indicator. Anal Biochem 2008; 383:168-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Vogt Jr. RF, Marti GE, Zenger V. Quantitative Fluorescence Calibration: a Tool for Assessing the Quality of Data Obtained by Fluorescence Measurements. STANDARDIZATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE IN FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS I 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/4243_2008_055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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19
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Wang L, Abbasi F, Gaigalas AK, Hoffman RA, Flagler D, Marti GE. Discrepancy in measuring CD4 expression on T-lymphocytes using fluorescein conjugates in comparison with unimolar CD4-phycoerythrin conjugates. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2007; 72:442-9. [PMID: 17474131 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous methods for quantitative fluorescence calibration (QFC) have been developed to quantify receptor expression on lymphocytes. However, the results from the use of these different QFC methods vary considerably in the literature. To better identify the causes of these discrepancies, we measured CD4 expression using FITC and phycoerythrin (PE) conjugates to stain CYTO-TROL Control Cells and T-lymphocytes in whole blood and isolated cell preparations. We further examined pH of the cellular microenvironment as a cause of discordant results obtained with the FITC conjugate. METHODS Calibration with Quantibrite PE-labeled microspheres and the use of unimolar CD4-PE conjugates provided direct measurement of the antibody bound per cell value (ABC) for CD4 expression on normal T-lymphocytes. Calibration for CD4-FITC monoclonal antibody (Mab) labeled CYTO-TROL Control Cells and normal T-lymphocytes was based on molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome (MESF) as determined by FITC-labeled microspheres traceable to NIST RM 8640. The MESF value for CD4-FITC Mab was determined that enabled the conversion of the MESF values obtained for CYTO-TROL cells to ABC. We investigated the likely pH change in the fluorescein microenvironments within FITC-labeled Mab and cells stained with FITC-labeled Mab using a pH sensitive indicator. RESULTS The mean ABC value for T-lymphocytes prepared from fresh whole blood using CD4-PE conjugate (48,321) was consistent with previous results, and it was much higher than the mean ABC using CD4-FITC Mab (22,156). The mean ABC value for CYTO-TROL cells using CD4-PE conjugate (43,090) was also higher than that using CD4-FITC conjugate (34,734), although the discrepancy was not as great. Further studies suggested the discrepancy in CYTO-TROL results may be accounted for by the low pH of the membrane microenvironment, but the greater discrepancy in T-lymphocytes could not be fully explained. CONCLUSION CD4 expression on fresh normal whole blood samples and CYTO-TROL cells can be consistently quantified in ABC units using Quantibrite PE quantification beads and unimolar CD4-PE conjugates. Quantification with CD4-FITC conjugate is not as consistent, but may be improved by the use of CD4 T-cells as biological calibrators. This approximation is valid only for surface receptors with consensus ABC values measured by different QFC methods serving as biological standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8312, USA.
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20
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Rossmann ED, Lenkei R, Lundin J, Mellstedt H, Osterborg A. Performance of calibration standards for antigen quantitation with flow cytometry in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2007; 72:450-7. [PMID: 17565749 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fluorescence intensities of CD3, CD4 on T cells and CD20, CD22 molecules on B cells were quantitatively measured on lymphocytes from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients and healthy donors. METHODS The performance of three different types of microbeads was compared, i.e. Quantum molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome (Q-MESF), Quantum simply cellular (QSC), and QuantiBRITE (QB). As all PE-conjugates had a F/P ratio of 1:1, the MESF units represented also the antibody binding capacity (ABC). RESULTS The ABCs of CD4 and CD20 antigens estimated with QSC (ABC(QSC)) were higher than those assigned with QB (ABC(QB)) with an average difference 49%. Higher numbers of antigenic sites were obtained with Q-MESF than with QSC for CD20 antigen. On the contrary, CD4 antigenic sites numbers estimated with QSC were higher than those estimated with Q-MESF. ABC values estimated with Quantum MESF PE (ABC(Q-MESF)) were approximately 15% higher than ABC(QSC), whereas ABC(Q-MESF) was approximately 49% higher than ABC(QB). Statistically significant correlations were found between the values obtained using various standards. The present study is the first to report down-regulation of CD3 antigen on T cells from patients with CLL. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes the relevance of quantitative measurement of fluorescence intensity by flow cytometry as a standardized approach to measure and interpret the expression of some CLL markers and reduce variability of results obtained at different sites in multi-center clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva D Rossmann
- Department of Oncology (Radiumhemmet), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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21
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Canonico B, Zamai L, Burattini S, Granger V, Mannello F, Gobbi P, Felici C, Falcieri E, Reilly JT, Barnett D, Papa S. Evaluation of leukocyte stabilisation in TransFix®-treated blood samples by flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. J Immunol Methods 2004; 295:67-78. [PMID: 15627612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2004.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2004] [Revised: 07/08/2004] [Accepted: 09/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we have evaluated the effects of a TransFix-based stabilisation technique on leukocyte scatter characteristics, immunophenotyping, membrane permeability, absolute cell counting and morphology to extend previously reported flow cytometric data focused on the lymphocyte population. We show that scatter characteristics, immunophenotyping and absolute cell counting are well preserved, particularly in the lymphocyte population. Nevertheless, a general increase in membrane permeability, evaluated by propidium iodide (PI) uptake, was observed in TransFix-treated leukocyte subsets. Ultrastructural observations show selective morphological preservation (up to 10 days of storage) of lymphocytes and, to a lesser extent, of monocytes. In contrast, granulocytes have necrosis-like features, although the plasma membrane seems well preserved. Therefore, electron microscopy observations reflect modifications induced in different cell populations as evidenced by flow cytometry (FC). The data indicate that this short-term stabilisation method is particularly suitable for the analysis of human lymphocytes and it is a good procedure for quality control programmes for inter- and intra-laboratory performance evaluation; good results are obtained with respect to antigen definition and absolute cell counting procedures. Any apoptotic pathways in leukocyte subsets are blocked for at least 10 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Canonico
- Centro di Citometria e Citomorfologia, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy.
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Janossy G. Clinical flow cytometry, a hypothesis-driven discipline of modern cytomics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 58:87-97. [PMID: 14994227 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Janossy
- HIV Immunology, Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom.
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Lizard G, Duvillard L, Wedemeyer N, Muller C, Ghiringhelli F, Cesbron A, Poncelet P, Gallet F, Kahn E, Gambert P, Göhde W. [Microbeads, nanobeads and cytometry: applications to the analysis and purification of cells and biomolecules]. PATHOLOGIE-BIOLOGIE 2003; 51:418-27. [PMID: 12948764 DOI: 10.1016/s0369-8114(03)00127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nano and microspheres are important tools in cytometry. They have been used in first to optimize fluorescent signals detected by flow cytometry and to evaluate phagocytosis. Some antigens were also detected by using nanospheres covalently coupled to antibodies. Specifically dedicated microspheres are now widely used for antigenic quantitation by flow cytometry, and magnetic nano and micropheres are very usefull for cellular and molecular purifications. To date, analytical methods based on the use of microspheres are developed to detect proteins, nucleic acids, and ions. To this end, antibodies, oligonucleotides, or chelating agents are bound to microspheres characterized by different fluorescences. The applications of these multiplexed microspheres assays allow to identify and quantify simultaneously some macromolecules and ions, but they also permit to analyze enzymatic activities and to perform polymorphism analyses. With microspheres used as reactive support, molecular analyses are therefore possible by flow cytometry. Nano and microspheres are also usefull tools for calibration in confocal microscopy as well as for micromanipulations of biomolecules and of living cells. Inovative methods based on the use of nano and microspheres are expected in the fields of biology, medicine, food industry, and environmental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lizard
- Laboratoire de biochimie médicale, CHU/hôpital du Bocage, Inserm U498, IFR 100, BP 77908, 21079 cedex, Dijon, France.
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Lee KG, Braun A, Chaikhoutdinov I, DeNobile J, Conrad M, Cohen W. Rapid visualization of microtubules in blood cells and other cell types in marine model organisms. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2002; 203:204-206. [PMID: 12414579 DOI: 10.2307/1543398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K-G Lee
- CUNY Graduate Center, New York, USA
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Janossy G, Jani IV, Bradley NJ, Bikoue A, Pitfield T, Glencross DK. Affordable CD4(+)-T-cell counting by flow cytometry: CD45 gating for volumetric analysis. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2002; 9:1085-94. [PMID: 12204964 PMCID: PMC120051 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.9.5.1085-1094.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2002] [Accepted: 04/22/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The flow cytometers that are currently supported by industry provide accurate CD4(+)-T-cell counts for monitoring human immunodeficiency virus disease but remain unaffordable for routine service work under resource-poor conditions. We therefore combined volumetric flow cytometry (measuring absolute lymphocyte counts in unit volumes of blood) and simpler protocols with generic monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to increase cost efficiency. Volumetric absolute counts were generated using CD45/CD4 and CD45/CD8 MAb combinations in two parallel tubes. The percentage values for the various subsets were also determined within the leukocyte and lymphocyte populations utilizing a fully automated protocol. The levels of agreement between the newly developed method and the present industry standards, including both volumetric and bead-based systems using a full MAb panel for subset analysis, were tested by Bland-Altman analyses. The limits of agreement for CD4 counts generated by the volumetric methods using either CD45/CD4 (in a single tube) or the full Trio MAb panel (in three tubes) on the CytoronAbsolute flow cytometer were between -29 and +46 cells/mm(3) with very little bias for CD4 counts (in favor of the Trio method: +8 CD4(+) lymphocytes/mm(3); 0.38% of lymphocytes). The limits of agreement for absolute CD4 counts yielded by the volumetric CD45/CD4 method and the bead-based method were between -118 and +98 cells/mm(3), again with a negligible bias (-10 CD4(+) lymphocytes/mm(3)). In the volumetric method using CD45/CD8, the strongly CD8(+) cells were gated and the levels of agreement with the full Trio showed a minor bias (in favor of the Trio; +40 CD8(+) cells/mm(3); 5.2% of lymphocytes) without a significant influence on CD4/CD8 ratios. One trained flow cytometrist was able to process 300 to 400 stained tubes per day. This workload extrapolates to a throughput of >30,000 samples per year if both CD45/CD4 and CD45/CD8 stainings are performed for each patient or a throughput of >60,000 samples if only CD45/CD4 counts are tested in a single tube. Thus, on the basis of the high efficiency and excellent agreement with the present industry standards, volumetric flow cytometers with automated gating protocols and autobiosamplers, complemented by generic CD45, CD4, and CD8 MAbs used in two-color immunofluorescence, represent the most suitable arrangements for large regional laboratories in resource-poor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Janossy
- HIV Immunology, Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom.
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