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Walker ME, Matthan NR, Lamon-Fava S, Solano-Aguilar G, Jang S, Lakshman S, Molokin A, Urban JF, Faits T, Johnson WE, Lichtenstein AH. A Western-Type Dietary Pattern Induces an Atherogenic Gene Expression Profile in the Coronary Arteries of the Ossabaw Pig. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzz023. [PMID: 31049488 PMCID: PMC6488722 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current cardiovascular risk reduction guidance focuses on shifts in dietary patterns, rather than single foods or nutrients. Experimental studies are needed to identify the mechanisms by which food-based diets affect the development and progression of atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 2 food-based dietary patterns and statin therapy on the transcriptome of the left anterior descending coronary artery of the Ossabaw pig. METHODS Pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups and fed isocaloric diets for 6 mo; Heart Healthy-style diet (HHD) (high in unsaturated fat, unrefined grain, fruits/vegetables) or Western-style diet (WD) (high in saturated fat, cholesterol, refined grain), with or without atorvastatin. A 2-factor edge R analysis was used to determine differential gene expression in the left anterior descending coronary artery. RESULTS Relative to the HHD, the WD resulted in the differential expression of 143 genes, of which 139 genes were upregulated and 4 genes were downregulated (all log fold change ≥0.6, false discovery rate <0.10). The WD, compared with the HHD, resulted in the statistically significant upregulation of 8 atherosclerosis-associated pathways implicated in immune and inflammatory processes. There were no genes with significant differential expression attributable to statin therapy. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that a WD induces alterations in the transcriptome of the coronary artery consistent with an inflammatory atherogenic phenotype in the Ossabaw pig with no significant modification by concurrent statin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura E Walker
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Gloria Solano-Aguilar
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Saebyeol Jang
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Sukla Lakshman
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Aleksey Molokin
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Joseph F Urban
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Tyler Faits
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - W Evan Johnson
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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Maruyama S, Wu CL, Yoshida S, Zhang D, Li PH, Wu F, Parker Duffen J, Yao R, Jardin B, Adham IM, Law R, Berger J, Di Marchi R, Walsh K. Relaxin Family Member Insulin-Like Peptide 6 Ameliorates Cardiac Fibrosis and Prevents Cardiac Remodeling in Murine Heart Failure Models. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e008441. [PMID: 29887522 PMCID: PMC6220528 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insulin/insulin-like growth factor/relaxin family represents a group of structurally related but functionally diverse proteins. The family member relaxin-2 has been evaluated in clinical trials for its efficacy in the treatment of acute heart failure. In this study, we assessed the role of insulin-like peptide 6 (INSL6), another member of this protein family, in murine heart failure models using genetic loss-of-function and protein delivery methods. METHODS AND RESULTS Insl6-deficient and wild-type (C57BL/6N) mice were administered angiotensin II or isoproterenol via continuous infusion with an osmotic pump or via intraperitoneal injection once a day, respectively, for 2 weeks. In both models, Insl6-knockout mice exhibited greater cardiac systolic dysfunction and left ventricular dilatation. Cardiac dysfunction in the Insl6-knockout mice was associated with more extensive cardiac fibrosis and greater expression of fibrosis-associated genes. The continuous infusion of chemically synthesized INSL6 significantly attenuated left ventricular systolic dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis induced by isoproterenol infusion. Gene expression profiling suggests liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor signaling is activated in the isoproterenol-challenged hearts treated with INSL6 protein. CONCLUSIONS Endogenous Insl6 protein inhibits cardiac systolic dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis in angiotensin II- and isoproterenol-induced cardiac stress models. The administration of recombinant INSL6 protein could have utility for the treatment of heart failure and cardiac fibrosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/deficiency
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Liver X Receptors/genetics
- Liver X Receptors/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Retinoid X Receptors/genetics
- Retinoid X Receptors/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/prevention & control
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonomi Maruyama
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Chia-Ling Wu
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Sumiko Yoshida
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Dongying Zhang
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Pei-Hsuan Li
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Fangzhou Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Jennifer Parker Duffen
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Rouan Yao
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Blake Jardin
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Ibrahim M Adham
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ronald Law
- New Frontier Science, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA
| | - Joel Berger
- New Frontier Science, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Kenneth Walsh
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Center for Hematovascular Biology, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
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An S, Jang YS, Park JS, Kwon BM, Paik YK, Jeong TS. Inhibition of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase stimulates cholesterol efflux from macrophages and stimulates farnesoid X receptor in hepatocytes. Exp Mol Med 2008; 40:407-17. [PMID: 18779653 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2008.40.4.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of spontaneous cholesterol efflux induced by acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibition, and how an alteration of cholesterol metabolism in macrophages impacts on that in HepG2 cells. Oleic acid anilide (OAA), a known ACAT inhibitor reduced lipid storage substantially by promotion of cholesterol catabolism and repression of cholesteryl ester accumulation without further increase of cytotoxicity in acetylated low-density lipoprotein-loaded THP-1 macrophages. Analysis of expressed mRNA and protein revealed that cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), oxysterol 7alpha- hydroxylase (CYP7B1), and cholesterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27) were highly induced by ACAT inhibition. The presence of a functional cytochrome P450 pathway was confirmed by quantification of the biliary cholesterol mass in cell monolayers and extracelluar medium. Notably, massively secreted biliary cholesterol from macrophages suppressed the expression of CYP7 proteins in a farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-dependent manner in HepG2 cells. The findings reported here provide new insight into mechanisms of spontaneous cholesterol efflux, and suggest that ACAT inhibition may stimulate cholesterol-catabolic (cytochrome P450) pathway in lesion-macrophages, in contrast, suppress it in hepatocyte via FXR induced by biliary cholesterol (BC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojin An
- National Research Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, KRIBB, Daejeon, Korea
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Ratliff EP, Gutierrez A, Davis RA. Transgenic expression of CYP7A1 in LDL receptor-deficient mice blocks diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. J Lipid Res 2006; 47:1513-20. [PMID: 16609145 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m600120-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive expression of a cholesterol-7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) transgene in LDL receptor-deficient mice blocked the ability of a cholesterol-enriched diet to increase plasma levels of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. LDL receptor-deficient mice expressing the CYP7A1 transgene exhibited complete resistance to diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and to the accumulation of cholesterol in the liver. Hepatic mRNA expression of liver X receptor-inducible ABCG5 and ABCG8 was decreased in CYP7A1 transgenic, LDL receptor-deficient mice fed a cholesterol-enriched diet. Thus, increased biliary cholesterol excretion could not account for the maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis. CYP7A1 transgenic, LDL receptor-deficient mice fed the cholesterol-enriched diet exhibited decreased jejunal Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 protein (NPC1L1) mRNA expression, an important mediator of intestinal cholesterol absorption. A taurocholate-enriched diet also decreased NPC1L1 mRNA expression in a farnesoid X receptor-independent manner. Reduced expression of NPC1L1 mRNA was associated with decreased cholesterol absorption ( approximately 20%; P < 0.05) exhibited by CYP7A1 transgenic LDL receptor-deficient mice fed the cholesterol-enriched diet. The combined data show that enhanced expression of CYP7A1 is an effective means to prevent the accumulation of cholesterol in the liver and of atherogenic apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in plasma.
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MESH Headings
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Animals
- Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/genetics
- Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/metabolism
- Cholesterol, Dietary/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Diet, Atherogenic
- Gene Expression
- Hypercholesterolemia/etiology
- Hypercholesterolemia/metabolism
- Hypercholesterolemia/prevention & control
- Intestinal Absorption
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver X Receptors
- Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Orphan Nuclear Receptors
- Proprotein Convertase 9
- Proprotein Convertases
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Serine Endopeptidases/genetics
- Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Ratliff
- Heart Institute, BioScience Center, San Diego State University, CA 92182, USA
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5
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Hoekstra M, Out R, Kruijt JK, Van Eck M, Van Berkel TJC. Diet induced regulation of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism in rat liver parenchymal and Kupffer cells. J Hepatol 2005; 42:400-7. [PMID: 15710224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2004.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2004] [Revised: 11/02/2004] [Accepted: 11/10/2004] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Feeding rodents atherogenic diets enriched in cholesterol or cholic acid changes hepatic cholesterol metabolism. In the present study, the effect of an atherogenic diet enriched in cholesterol and cholic acid on cellular hepatic cholesterol metabolism was studied. METHODS Gene and protein expression analysis was performed on parenchymal, endothelial, and Kupffer cells isolated from rats fed a chow or atherogenic diet using quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. RESULTS The atherogenic diet raised the serum cholesterol concentration 11-fold, mostly in the VLDL fraction, and led to heavy lipid loading of rat liver parenchymal and Kupffer cells. Only moderate changes in the expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism were observed in parenchymal cells on the diet, while PPAR delta expression was 6.8-fold decreased. Kupffer cells, however, showed a highly adaptive response with a 2- to 9-fold induction of SR-BI, ABCA1, and ABCG5/G8, and an 82-fold induction in CYP7A1 mRNA expression, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Heavy lipid loading of parenchymal cells leads to moderate gene expression changes, while Kupffer cells respond in a highly adaptive fashion by stimulating the expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno Hoekstra
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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6
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Li AC, Binder CJ, Gutierrez A, Brown KK, Plotkin CR, Pattison JW, Valledor AF, Davis RA, Willson TM, Witztum JL, Palinski W, Glass CK. Differential inhibition of macrophage foam-cell formation and atherosclerosis in mice by PPARalpha, beta/delta, and gamma. J Clin Invest 2005; 114:1564-76. [PMID: 15578089 PMCID: PMC529277 DOI: 10.1172/jci18730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2003] [Accepted: 09/24/2004] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PPARalpha, beta/delta, and gamma regulate genes involved in the control of lipid metabolism and inflammation and are expressed in all major cell types of atherosclerotic lesions. In vitro studies have suggested that PPARs exert antiatherogenic effects by inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory genes and enhancing cholesterol efflux via activation of the liver X receptor-ABCA1 (LXR-ABCA1) pathway. To investigate the potential importance of these activities in vivo, we performed a systematic analysis of the effects of PPARalpha, beta, and gamma agonists on foam-cell formation and atherosclerosis in male LDL receptor-deficient (LDLR(-/-)) mice. Like the PPARgamma agonist, a PPARalpha-specific agonist strongly inhibited atherosclerosis, whereas a PPARbeta-specific agonist failed to inhibit lesion formation. In concert with their effects on atherosclerosis, PPARalpha and PPARgamma agonists, but not the PPARbeta agonist, inhibited the formation of macrophage foam cells in the peritoneal cavity. Unexpectedly, PPARalpha and PPARgamma agonists inhibited foam-cell formation in vivo through distinct ABCA1-independent pathways. While inhibition of foam-cell formation by PPARalpha required LXRs, activation of PPARgamma reduced cholesterol esterification, induced expression of ABCG1, and stimulated HDL-dependent cholesterol efflux in an LXR-independent manner. In concert, these findings reveal receptor-specific mechanisms by which PPARs influence macrophage cholesterol homeostasis. In the future, these mechanisms may be exploited pharmacologically to inhibit the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0682, USA.
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