1
|
Guo C, Zhao L, Ding Y, Zhao Z, Wang C, Li L, Cai Z, Li Y, Xia H, Zhu Z, Yu F, Dai M, Deng X, Yuan G. ANGPTL8 Gene Polymorphism rs2278426 Is Related to Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in T2DM. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4519-4528. [PMID: 33244249 PMCID: PMC7685358 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s274759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM ANGPTL8 is a cytokine expressed and secreted by liver and adipose tissue, and is involved in glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism. Although studies have shown that ANGPTL8 is elevated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease, few have examined the association between ANGPTL8 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and the risk of macrovascular complications in T2DM patients. This study aimed to explore the relationship between rs2278426 and carotid intima-media thickening (cIMT) in T2DM. METHODS A total of 217 T2DM patients and 201 healthy control subjects with normal glucose tolerance were recruited in the study. T2DM patients were divided into two groups: T2DM patients without cIM thickening (cIMT <1 mm, 109 cases) and T2DM patients with cIM thickening (cIMT ≥1 mm, 108 cases). rs2278426 genotypes in all 418 subjects were determined and the risk of T2DM and T2DM with cIM thickening analyzed. RESULTS CT+TT-genotype frequency in T2DM was higher than in controls with normal glucose tolerance, and the proportion of the CT+TT genotype in the group with cIMT was higher than in the group (P<0.05). In addition, T alleles were associated with waist:hip ratio, triglycerides, high density-lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma glucose at 2 hours' oral glucose tolerance, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Generally, carriers of the T allele at rs2278426 are more likely to develop T2DM, and the risk of cIM thickening is significantly increased for T-allele carriers with T2DM, which indicates an increased risk of macroangiopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhicong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhensheng Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - ZhuanZhuan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiqing Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People’s Republic of China
- Xia Deng Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People’s Republic of China Email
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guoyue Yuan Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu212001, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-135-0528-9352 Email
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li B, Fang J, He T, Yin S, Yang M, Cui H, Ma X, Deng J, Ren Z, Hu Y, Ye G, Zhang M, Geng Y, Gou L, Zuo Z. Resistin up-regulates LPL expression through the PPARγ-dependent PI3K/AKT signaling pathway impacting lipid accumulation in RAW264.7 macrophages. Cytokine 2019; 119:168-174. [PMID: 30925325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Resistin is a cysteine-rich cytokine, which has been indicated as a mediator of insulin resistance and inflammation. Previous studies demonstrated that lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was an important enzyme that could mediate lipid accumulation in macrophages. Additionally, the intracellular molecules phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine-threonine protein kinase (AKT)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) were supposed to be involved in the lipid accumulation process in cells. However, it remains unclear whether resistin was correlated with the dysregulation of lipid metabolism in macrophages. The present study investigated that resistin could up-regulate the expression of LPL and increase the contents of intracellular triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in RAW264.7 macrophages. In addition, intracellular molecules PI3K, AKT and PPARγ were significantly up-regulated and activated in resitin-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages (P < 0.05). In contrast, the effects of resistin on RAW264.7 macrophages could be abrogated by specific inhibitors for LPL (LPL-siRNA) and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway (LY294002). All together, this study demonstrated that resistin could up-regulate the expression of LPL and induce lipid accumulation in RAW264.7 macrophages. More importantly, the PPARγ-dependent PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was relevant to the lipid accumulation process in resistin-stimulated macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bi Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin road 211, 611130, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan 610081, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin road 211, 611130, China
| | - Tingting He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin road 211, 611130, China
| | - Sirui Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin road 211, 611130, China
| | - Mingxian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin road 211, 611130, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan 610081, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin road 211, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin road 211, 611130, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin road 211, 611130, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin road 211, 611130, China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin road 211, 611130, China
| | - Gang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin road 211, 611130, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin road 211, 611130, China
| | - Yi Geng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin road 211, 611130, China
| | - Liping Gou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin road 211, 611130, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin road 211, 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han H, Dai D, Wang W, Zhu J, Zhu Z, Lu L, Zhang R. Impact of serum levels of lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and endothelial lipase on the progression of coronary artery disease. J Interv Med 2019; 2:16-20. [PMID: 34805864 PMCID: PMC8562274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jimed.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic lipase (HL), and endothelial lipase (EL) and the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials and methods According to the inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, diagnostic criteria, angiography results, and the random matching scheme, the enrolled patients were divided into the following two groups: the progression-free group (n = 47) and the progression group (n = 15). The baseline characteristics and various biochemical parameters were obtained from the medical records and medical history. Serum LPL, HL, and EL levels were detected by ELISA. The correlation between serum LPL, HL, and EL levels and coronary lesions was statistically analyzed with SPSS software. Results Significant differences were observed in serum levels of HL and EL between the progression-free group and the progression group (HL, 75.5 ± 39.2 ng/mL vs. 125.1 ± 42.1 ng/mL, P < 0.05; EL, 139.2 ± 59.6 pg/mL vs. 175.1 ± 40.1 pg/mL, P < 0.05), while the difference in the LPL level was not significant (P > 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) values of LPL, HL, and EL were 0.506 (95% CI: 0.369–0.642, P = 0.9470), 0.792 (95% CI: 0.664–0.888, P < 0.0001), and 0.693 (95% CI: 0.553–0.811, P = 0.0095), respectively. Additionally, logistic regression analysis showed that the serum level of HL was an independent risk factor for coronary artery lesion progression. Conclusion Serum levels of EL and HL, but not the serum level of LPL, were positively correlated with the progression of CAD. The serum level of HL was an independent risk factor for the progression of CAD, while the serum level of EL or LPL was not an independent risk factor for the progression of CAD. For the diagnosis of CAD progression, the serum level of HL was better than the serum level of EL or LPL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Daopeng Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Wencheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Jinzhou Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Zhengbin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, 197 Rui Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chang CL, Garcia-Arcos I, Nyrén R, Olivecrona G, Kim JY, Hu Y, Agrawal RR, Murphy AJ, Goldberg IJ, Deckelbaum RJ. Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency Impairs Bone Marrow Myelopoiesis and Reduces Circulating Monocyte Levels. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:509-519. [PMID: 29371243 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tissue macrophages induce and perpetuate proinflammatory responses, thereby promoting metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Lipoprotein lipase (LpL), the rate-limiting enzyme in blood triglyceride catabolism, is expressed by macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques. We questioned whether LpL, which is also expressed in the bone marrow (BM), affects circulating white blood cells and BM proliferation and modulates macrophage retention within the artery. APPROACH AND RESULTS We characterized blood and tissue leukocytes and inflammatory molecules in transgenic LpL knockout mice rescued from lethal hypertriglyceridemia within 18 hours of life by muscle-specific LpL expression (MCKL0 mice). LpL-deficient mice had ≈40% reduction in blood white blood cell, neutrophils, and total and inflammatory monocytes (Ly6C/Ghi). LpL deficiency also significantly decreased expression of BM macrophage-associated markers (F4/80 and TNF-α [tumor necrosis factor α]), master transcription factors (PU.1 and C/EBPα), and colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) and their receptors, which are required for monocyte and monocyte precursor proliferation and differentiation. As a result, differentiation of macrophages from BM-derived monocyte progenitors and monocytes was decreased in MCKL0 mice. Furthermore, although LpL deficiency was associated with reduced BM uptake and accumulation of triglyceride-rich particles and macrophage CSF-macrophage CSF receptor binding, triglyceride lipolysis products (eg, linoleic acid) stimulated expression of macrophage CSF and macrophage CSF receptor in BM-derived macrophage precursor cells. Arterial macrophage numbers decreased after heparin-mediated LpL cell dissociation and by genetic knockout of arterial LpL. Reconstitution of LpL-expressing BM replenished aortic macrophage density. CONCLUSIONS LpL regulates peripheral leukocyte levels and affects BM monocyte progenitor differentiation and aortic macrophage accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuchun L Chang
- From Institute of Human Nutrition (C.L.C., J.Y.K., R.R.A., R.J.D.), Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (I.G.-A.), Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Y.H., A.J.M., I.J.G.), and Department of Pediatrics (R.J.D.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Department of Medical Biosciences/Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden (R.N., G.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York (Y.H., I.J.G.); Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.J.M.); and Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.J.M.)
| | - Itsaso Garcia-Arcos
- From Institute of Human Nutrition (C.L.C., J.Y.K., R.R.A., R.J.D.), Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (I.G.-A.), Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Y.H., A.J.M., I.J.G.), and Department of Pediatrics (R.J.D.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Department of Medical Biosciences/Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden (R.N., G.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York (Y.H., I.J.G.); Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.J.M.); and Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.J.M.)
| | - Rakel Nyrén
- From Institute of Human Nutrition (C.L.C., J.Y.K., R.R.A., R.J.D.), Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (I.G.-A.), Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Y.H., A.J.M., I.J.G.), and Department of Pediatrics (R.J.D.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Department of Medical Biosciences/Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden (R.N., G.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York (Y.H., I.J.G.); Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.J.M.); and Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.J.M.)
| | - Gunilla Olivecrona
- From Institute of Human Nutrition (C.L.C., J.Y.K., R.R.A., R.J.D.), Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (I.G.-A.), Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Y.H., A.J.M., I.J.G.), and Department of Pediatrics (R.J.D.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Department of Medical Biosciences/Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden (R.N., G.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York (Y.H., I.J.G.); Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.J.M.); and Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.J.M.)
| | - Ji Young Kim
- From Institute of Human Nutrition (C.L.C., J.Y.K., R.R.A., R.J.D.), Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (I.G.-A.), Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Y.H., A.J.M., I.J.G.), and Department of Pediatrics (R.J.D.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Department of Medical Biosciences/Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden (R.N., G.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York (Y.H., I.J.G.); Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.J.M.); and Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.J.M.)
| | - Yunying Hu
- From Institute of Human Nutrition (C.L.C., J.Y.K., R.R.A., R.J.D.), Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (I.G.-A.), Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Y.H., A.J.M., I.J.G.), and Department of Pediatrics (R.J.D.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Department of Medical Biosciences/Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden (R.N., G.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York (Y.H., I.J.G.); Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.J.M.); and Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.J.M.)
| | - Rishi R Agrawal
- From Institute of Human Nutrition (C.L.C., J.Y.K., R.R.A., R.J.D.), Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (I.G.-A.), Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Y.H., A.J.M., I.J.G.), and Department of Pediatrics (R.J.D.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Department of Medical Biosciences/Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden (R.N., G.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York (Y.H., I.J.G.); Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.J.M.); and Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.J.M.)
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- From Institute of Human Nutrition (C.L.C., J.Y.K., R.R.A., R.J.D.), Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (I.G.-A.), Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Y.H., A.J.M., I.J.G.), and Department of Pediatrics (R.J.D.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Department of Medical Biosciences/Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden (R.N., G.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York (Y.H., I.J.G.); Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.J.M.); and Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.J.M.)
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- From Institute of Human Nutrition (C.L.C., J.Y.K., R.R.A., R.J.D.), Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (I.G.-A.), Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Y.H., A.J.M., I.J.G.), and Department of Pediatrics (R.J.D.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Department of Medical Biosciences/Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden (R.N., G.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York (Y.H., I.J.G.); Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.J.M.); and Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.J.M.).
| | - Richard J Deckelbaum
- From Institute of Human Nutrition (C.L.C., J.Y.K., R.R.A., R.J.D.), Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (I.G.-A.), Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Y.H., A.J.M., I.J.G.), and Department of Pediatrics (R.J.D.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; Department of Medical Biosciences/Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden (R.N., G.O.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York (Y.H., I.J.G.); Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.J.M.); and Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.J.M.).
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lipoprotein Lipase Expression in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: New Insights into Leukemic Progression. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122083. [PMID: 29206143 PMCID: PMC6149886 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a central enzyme in lipid metabolism. Due to its catalytic activity, LPL is involved in metabolic pathways exploited by various solid and hematologic malignancies to provide an extra energy source to the tumor cell. We and others described a link between the expression of LPL in the tumor cell and a poor clinical outcome of patients suffering Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). This leukemia is characterized by a slow accumulation of mainly quiescent clonal CD5 positive B cells that infiltrates secondary lymphoid organs, bone marrow and peripheral blood. Despite LPL being found to be a reliable molecular marker for CLL prognosis, its functional role and the molecular mechanisms regulating its expression are still matter of debate. Herein we address some of these questions reviewing the current state of the art of LPL research in CLL and providing some insights into where currently unexplored questions may lead to.
Collapse
|
6
|
Rombout A, Verhasselt B, Philippé J. Lipoprotein lipase in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: function and prognostic implications. Eur J Haematol 2016; 97:409-415. [PMID: 27504855 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a clinically heterogeneous disease characterized by the accumulation of a clonal population of B cells in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid organs. More than 10 years ago, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA was identified as being strongly expressed in patients experiencing a more aggressive phenotype, while CLL patients with an indolent disease course lack expression of this marker. Since then, several reports confirmed the capability of LPL to predict CLL disease evolution at the moment of diagnosis. In contrast, data on the functional implications of LPL in CLL are scarce. LPL exerts a central role in overall lipid metabolism and transport, but plays additional, non-catalytic roles as well. Which of those is more important in the pathogenesis of CLL remains largely unclear. Here, we review the current knowledge on the prognostic and biological relevance of LPL in CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ans Rombout
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Verhasselt
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Philippé
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kinlaw WB, Baures PW, Lupien LE, Davis WL, Kuemmerle NB. Fatty Acids and Breast Cancer: Make Them on Site or Have Them Delivered. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2128-41. [PMID: 26844415 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brisk fatty acid (FA) production by cancer cells is accommodated by the Warburg effect. Most breast and other cancer cell types are addicted to fatty acids (FA), which they require for membrane phospholipid synthesis, signaling purposes, and energy production. Expression of the enzymes required for FA synthesis is closely linked to each of the major classes of signaling molecules that stimulate BC cell proliferation. This review focuses on the regulation of FA synthesis in BC cells, and the impact of FA, or the lack thereof, on the tumor cell phenotype. Given growing awareness of the impact of dietary fat and obesity on BC biology, we will also examine the less-frequently considered notion that, in addition to de novo FA synthesis, the lipolytic uptake of preformed FA may also be an important mechanism of lipid acquisition. Indeed, it appears that cancer cells may exist at different points along a "lipogenic-lipolytic axis," and FA uptake could thwart attempts to exploit the strict requirement for FA focused solely on inhibition of de novo FA synthesis. Strategies for clinically targeting FA metabolism will be discussed, and the current status of the medicinal chemistry in this area will be assessed. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2128-2141, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William B Kinlaw
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Paul W Baures
- Department of Chemistry, Keene State University, Keene, New Hampshire
| | - Leslie E Lupien
- The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Wilson L Davis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Nancy B Kuemmerle
- The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, White River Junction VAMC, White River Junction, Vermont
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kobayashi J, Mabuchi H. Lipoprotein lipase and atherosclerosis. Ann Clin Biochem 2015; 52:632-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0004563215590451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase has long been known to hydrolyse triglycerides from triglycerides-rich lipoproteins. More recently, it has been shown to promote the binding of lipoproteins to various lipoprotein receptors. Evidence is also presented regarding the possible atherogenic role of lipoprotein lipase. In theory, lipoprotein lipase deficiency should help to clarify this question. However, the rarity of this condition means that it has not been possible to conduct epidemiological studies. An alternative approach is to investigate the correlation of lipoprotein lipase with onset of cardiovascular disease in prospective studies in large population-based cohorts. Complementary with this approach, animal models have been used to explore the atherogenicity of lipoprotein lipase expressed by macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junji Kobayashi
- General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Daigaku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mabuchi
- Lipid Research Course, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical, Health Sciences, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Y, He PP, Zhang DW, Zheng XL, Cayabyab FS, Yin WD, Tang CK. Lipoprotein lipase: from gene to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:597-608. [PMID: 25463094 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme in lipid metabolism and responsible for catalyzing lipolysis of triglycerides in lipoproteins. LPL is produced mainly in adipose tissue, skeletal and heart muscle, as well as in macrophage and other tissues. After synthesized, it is secreted and translocated to the vascular lumen. LPL expression and activity are regulated by a variety of factors, such as transcription factors, interactive proteins and nutritional state through complicated mechanisms. LPL with different distributions may exert distinct functions and have diverse roles in human health and disease with close association with atherosclerosis. It may pose a pro-atherogenic or an anti-atherogenic effect depending on its locations. In this review, we will discuss its gene, protein, synthesis, transportation and biological functions, and then focus on its regulation and relationship with atherosclerosis and potential underlying mechanisms. The goal of this review is to provide basic information and novel insight for further studies and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Discovery, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ping-Ping He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Discovery, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Fracisco S Cayabyab
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Wei-Dong Yin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Discovery, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Discovery, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sevov M, Rosenquist R, Mansouri L. RNA-based markers as prognostic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 5:69-79. [DOI: 10.1586/ehm.11.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
11
|
Carter SA, Foster NA, Scarpini CG, Chattopadhyay A, Pett MR, Roberts I, Coleman N. Lipoprotein lipase is frequently overexpressed or translocated in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and promotes invasiveness through the non-catalytic C terminus. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:739-47. [PMID: 22782350 PMCID: PMC3419954 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We studied the biological significance of genes involved in a novel t(8;12)(p21.3;p13.31) reciprocal translocation identified in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells. Methods: The rearranged genes were identified by breakpoint mapping, long-range PCR and sequencing. We investigated gene expression in vivo using reverse-transcription PCR and tissue microarrays, and studied the phenotypic consequences of forced gene overexpression. Results: The rearrangement involved lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and peroxisome biogenesis factor-5 (PEX5). Whereas LPL–PEX5 was expressed at low levels and contained a premature stop codon, PEX5–LPL was highly expressed and encoded a full-length chimeric protein (including the majority of the LPL coding region). Consistent with these findings, PEX5 was constitutively expressed in normal cervical squamous cells, whereas LPL expression was negligible. The LPL gene was rearranged in 1 out of 151 cervical SCCs, whereas wild-type LPL overexpression was common, being detected in 10 out of 28 tissue samples and 4 out of 10 cell lines. Forced overexpression of wild-type LPL and PEX5–LPL fusion transcripts resulted in increased invasiveness in cervical SCC cells, attributable to the C-terminal non-catalytic domain of LPL, which was retained in the fusion transcripts. Conclusion: This is the first demonstration of an expressed fusion gene in cervical SCC. Overexpressed wild-type or translocated LPL is a candidate for targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Carter
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
The common biological basis for common complex diseases: evidence from lipoprotein lipase gene. Eur J Hum Genet 2010; 18:3-7. [PMID: 19639021 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene encodes a rate-limiting enzyme protein that has a key role in the hydrolysis of triglycerides. Hypertriglyceridemia, one widely prevalent syndrome of LPL deficiency and dysfunction, may be a risk factor in the development of dyslipidemia, type II diabetes (T2D), essential hypertension (EH), coronary heart disease (CHD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Findings from earlier studies indicate that LPL may have a role in the pathology of these diseases and therefore is a common or shared biological basis for these common complex diseases. To examine this hypothesis, we reviewed articles on the molecular structure, expression and function of the LPL gene, and its potential role in the etiology of diseases. Evidence from these studies indicate that LPL dysfunction is involved in dyslipidemia, T2D, EH, CHD and AD; and support the hypothesis that there is a common or shared biological basis for these common complex diseases.
Collapse
|
13
|
Mansouri M, Sevov M, Fahlgren E, Tobin G, Jondal M, Osorio L, Roos G, Olivecrona G, Rosenquist R. Lipoprotein lipase is differentially expressed in prognostic subsets of chronic lymphocytic leukemia but displays invariably low catalytical activity. Leuk Res 2009; 34:301-6. [PMID: 19709746 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expression has been shown to correlate with IGHV mutational status and to predict outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We here investigated the prognostic impact of LPL expression in relation to other prognostic markers including IGHV3-21 usage in 140 CLL patients. Additionally, we studied the catalytic activity of LPL in CLL cells. A significant difference in LPL mRNA expression was detected in IGHV unmutated compared to mutated CLL patients (p<0.001). However, the poor-prognostic mutated/stereotyped IGHV3-21 patients did not differ from other mutated CLL cases. Clinical outcome was significantly different in CLL cases with high versus low LPL expression (p<0.001), and LPL expression exceeded mutation status/IGHV3-21 usage as an independent prognostic marker. Finally, LPL protein expression correlated significantly with mRNA expression and was higher in IGHV unmutated versus mutated CLL (p=0.018), although the majority of synthesized protein was catalytically inactive indicating a non-catalytical function in CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mansouri
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Antigen-induced immunomodulation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Clin Dev Immunol 2008; 2008:723539. [PMID: 18551190 PMCID: PMC2423423 DOI: 10.1155/2008/723539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterised by the accumulation of monocytes/macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and lymphocytes within the arterial wall in response to the release of proinflammatory molecules. Such accumulation results in the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque, which would eventually evolve to complications such as total artery occlusion, rupture, calcification, or aneurysm. Although the molecular mechanism responsible for the development of atherosclerosis is not completely understood, it is clear that the immune system plays a key role in the development of the atherosclerotic plaque and in its complications. There are multiple antigenic stimuli that have been associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Most of these stimuli come from modified self-molecules such as oxidised low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLs), beta2glycoprotein1 (β2GP1), lipoprotein a (LP(a)), heat shock proteins (HSPs), and protein components of the extracellular matrix such as collagen and fibrinogen in the form of advanced glycation-end (AGE) products. In addition, several foreign antigens including bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Chlamydia pneumoniae and viruses such as enterovirus and cytomegalovirus have been associated with atherosclerosis as potentially causative or bystander participants, adding another level of complexity to the analysis of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. The present review summarises the most important scientific findings published within the last two decades on the importance of antigens, antigen stimulation, and adaptive immune responses in the development of atherosclerotic plaques.
Collapse
|
15
|
Reinbold M, Hufnagel B, Kewitz T, Klumpp S, Krieglstein J. Unsaturated fatty acids liberated from VLDL cause apoptosis in endothelial cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008; 52:581-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
16
|
Takahashi M, Hiyama Y, Yokoyama M, Yu S, Hu Y, Melford K, Bensadoun A, Goldberg IJ. In vivo arterial lipoprotein lipase expression augments inflammatory responses and impairs vascular dilatation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:455-62. [PMID: 18258818 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.153239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although epidemiologic data suggest that hypertriglyceridemia and elevated plasma levels of fatty acids are toxic to arteries, in vitro correlates have been inconsistent. To investigate whether increased endothelial cell expression of lipoprotein lipase (LpL), the primary enzyme creating free fatty acids from circulating triglycerides (TG), affects vascular function, we created transgenic mice that express human LpL (hLpL) driven by the promoter and enhancer of the Tie2 receptor. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice expressing this transgene, denoted EC-hLpL and L for low and H for high expression, had decreased plasma TG levels compared with wild-type mice (WT): 106+/-31 in WT, 37+/-17 (line H), and 63+/-31 mg/dL (line L) because of a reduction in VLDL TG; plasma cholesterol and HDL levels were unaltered. Crossing a high expressing EC-hLpL transgene onto the LpL knockout background allowed for survival of the pups; TG in these mice was approximately equal to that of heterozygous LpL knockout mice. Surprisingly, under control conditions the EC-hLpL transgene did not alter arterial function or endothelial cell gene expression; however, after tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha treatment, arterial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, and endogenous TNF-alpha mRNA levels were increased and arteries had impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. This was associated with reduced eNOS dimers. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, we hypothesize that excess vascular wall LpL augments vascular dysfunction in the setting of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Takahashi
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li L, Renier G. Adipocyte-derived lipoprotein lipase induces macrophage activation and monocyte adhesion: role of fatty acids. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2007; 15:2595-604. [PMID: 18070750 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2007.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effect of adipocyte-derived lipoprotein lipase (LPL) on macrophage activation and monocyte adhesion and the role of fatty acids in these effects. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated with heparin or insulin to induce LPL secretion; then adipocyte conditioned media (CM) were added to cultured J774 macrophages or human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Macrophage cytokine production and monocyte adhesion to HAECs were determined. RESULTS Incubation of macrophages with heparin- or insulin-treated adipocyte CM increased tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and nitric oxide production by these cells. LPL neutralization and heparinase treatment prevented these effects. Addition of active LPL or palmitate to cultured macrophages replicated these effects. Blockade of leptin also reduced the effect of insulin-treated adipocyte CM on macrophage inflammatory changes. Induction of macrophage cytokine secretion by leptin was prevented by LPL immunoneutralization. Finally, addition of CM of heparin- or insulin-treated adipocytes to HAECs stimulated monocyte adhesion to these cells, an effect that was abrogated by an anti-LPL antibody. This effect was reproduced by treating HAECs with active LPL or palmitate. DISCUSSION These results point to an effect of LPL-mediated lipolysis in macrophage activation and monocyte adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Vascular Immunology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM) Research Centre, Notre-Dame Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Paradis ME, Badellino KO, Rader DJ, Deshaies Y, Couture P, Archer WR, Bergeron N, Lamarche B. Endothelial lipase is associated with inflammation in humans. J Lipid Res 2006; 47:2808-13. [PMID: 16980590 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p600002-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which inflammation is linked with plasma endothelial lipase (EL) concentrations among healthy sedentary men. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were measured with a highly sensitive commercial immunoassay, plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations were measured using a commercial ELISA, and plasma secretory phospholipase A(2) type IIA (sPLA(2)-IIA) concentrations were measured using a commercial assay in a sample of 74 moderately obese men (mean body mass index, 29.8 +/- 5.2 kg/m(2)). Plasma EL concentrations were positively correlated with various indices of obesity, fasting plasma insulin, and plasma CRP, IL-6, and sPLA(2)-IIA concentrations. Multiple regression analyses revealed that plasma CRP concentrations explained 14.5% (P = 0.0008) of the variance in EL concentrations. When entered into the model, LPL activity accounted for 16.1% (P < 0.0001) and plasma CRP concentrations accounted for 20.9% (P < 0.0001) of the variance in EL concentrations. The combined impact of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and of an inflammation score on EL concentrations was investigated. Among subjects with high or low VAT, those having a high inflammation score based on plasma CRP, IL-6, and sPLA(2)-IIA concentrations had increased plasma EL concentrations (P = 0.0005). In conclusion, our data reveal a strong association between proinflammatory cytokines and plasma EL concentrations among healthy people with low or high VAT levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Paradis
- Institute on Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Goodarzi MO, Taylor KD, Scheuner MT, Antoine HJ, Guo X, Shah PK, Rotter JI. Haplotypes in the lipoprotein lipase gene influence high-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to statin therapy and progression of atherosclerosis in coronary artery bypass grafts. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2006; 7:66-73. [PMID: 16755277 DOI: 10.1038/sj.tpj.6500402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes circulating triglycerides (TGs). We previously showed that 3'-end haplotypes in the LPL gene influence atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. This study asked whether these LPL haplotypes influence response to lipid-lowering therapy among 829 subjects from the Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft trial. Lipid profiles were obtained at baseline and 4-5 years after treatment with lovastatin. Haplotypes were based on 12 SNPs. The fourth most frequent haplotype, 12-4, was associated with a decreased increment in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) following treatment. Haplotypes 12-6, 12-7 and 12-8 were each associated with increased HDL-C response to therapy, and haplotype 12-2 with decreased TG response. The most common haplotype, 12-1, was protective against graft worsening or occlusion. Haplotype 12-4 reduced HDL-C response to lovastatin, possibly consistent with our prior observations of this haplotype as predisposing to coronary artery disease. LPL may influence atherosclerosis risk through pleiotropic effects on each aspect of the metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M O Goodarzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 9048, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Monraats PS, Rana JS, Nierman MC, Pires NMM, Zwinderman AH, Kastelein JJP, Kuivenhoven JA, de Maat MPM, Rittersma SZH, Schepers A, Doevendans PAF, de Winter RJ, Tio RA, Frants RR, Quax PHA, van der Laarse A, van der Wall EE, Jukema JW. Lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphisms and the risk of target vessel revascularization after percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46:1093-100. [PMID: 16168296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2005] [Revised: 05/20/2005] [Accepted: 05/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to identify polymorphisms in genes that predispose to restenosis. BACKGROUND Variations in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene have been implicated in a number of pathophysiologic conditions associated with coronary heart disease. The present study examines the impact of polymorphisms in the LPL gene on restenosis (defined by target vessel revascularization [TVR]) in a large patient population undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A mouse model for restenosis was used to further investigate LPL's role in restenosis. METHODS The GENetic DEterminants of Restenosis (GENDER) project is a multicenter, prospective study design that enrolled 3,104 consecutive patients after successful PCI. These patients were genotyped for four different LPL gene polymorphisms. In apolipoprotein E (ApoE)*3-Leiden transgenic mice, arterial messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was used to assess LPL expression during a cuff-induced restenotic process. RESULTS Using multivariable analysis, carriers of the 447Ter allele of the LPL enzyme showed a lower risk of TVR compared with 447Ser homozygotes (p = 0.005). In the mouse model, LPL mRNA levels were increased 40-fold compared with control arteries at 6 h after cuff placement. CONCLUSIONS The LPL C/G polymorphism (Ser447Ter), resulting in a truncation of the two C-terminal amino acids of the mature LPL protein, appears to be an important protective factor for TVR in humans. The role of LPL in this process was further established in a mouse model, where LPL expression was very strongly up-regulated in the target arterial wall, suggesting a contribution of this lipolytic enzyme to restenosis. Possibly, LPL Ser447Ter genotyping may lead to better risk stratification and tailored therapy in the prevention of restenosis after PCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascalle S Monraats
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ichikawa T, Liang J, Kitajima S, Koike T, Wang X, Sun H, Morimoto M, Shikama H, Watanabe T, Yamada N, Fan J. Macrophage-derived lipoprotein lipase increases aortic atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed Tg rabbits. Atherosclerosis 2005; 179:87-95. [PMID: 15721013 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2004] [Revised: 10/05/2004] [Accepted: 10/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) produced by macrophages is upregulated in the atherosclerotic lesions; however, it is not fully understood whether increased macrophage-derived LPL is pro-atherogenic. To examine the hypothesis that macrophage-derived LPL in the arterial wall enhances atherosclerotic lesion formation, we generated transgenic (Tg) rabbits that express the human LPL transgene under the control of the human scavenger receptor enhancer/promoter, which drives macrophage-specific expression of the human LPL gene. We fed Tg and non-Tg littermate rabbits a diet containing 0.3% cholesterol for 16 weeks and compared their lipoproteins and aortic atherosclerosis. We found that there was no difference in plasma lipid or lipoprotein profiles between Tg and non-Tg rabbits; however, atherosclerotic lesions were significantly increased in Tg compared to non-Tg rabbits. There was a 1.4-fold increase in total aortic en face lesions and a 2-fold increase in intimal lesions evaluated by image analysis system. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining revealed that the increased atherosclerotic lesions present in Tg rabbits were characterized by marked accumulation of macrophage-derived foam cells and frequently associated with the deposition of oxidized LDL. These results support the notion that macrophage-derived LPL in the arterial wall is pro-atherogenic, possibly via the enhancement of foam cell formation during atherogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonaga Ichikawa
- Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kojma Y, Hirata KI, Ishida T, Shimokawa Y, Inoue N, Kawashima S, Quertermous T, Yokoyama M. Endothelial Lipase Modulates Monocyte Adhesion to the Vessel Wall. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:54032-8. [PMID: 15485805 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m411112200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial lipase (EL), a new member of the lipoprotein lipase gene family, plays a central role in high density lipoprotein metabolism. Previous studies indicated that EL is expressed in endothelial cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic lesions in human coronary arteries. However, the functional role of EL in the local vessel wall remains obscure. In this study, we evaluated the ability of EL to modulate monocyte adhesion to the endothelial cell surface. EL mRNA and protein levels were markedly increased in tissues of the mouse model of inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide injection. Adhesion assays in vitro revealed that overexpression of EL in COS7 or Pro5 cells enhanced monocyte bindings to the EL-expression cells. Heparin or heparinase treatment inhibited EL-mediated increases of monocyte adhesion in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, ex vivo adhesion assays revealed that the number of adherent monocytes on aortic strips was significantly increased in EL transgenic mice and decreased in EL knock-out mice as compared with wild-type mice. These results suggest that EL on the endothelial cell surface can promote monocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium through the interaction with heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Thus, the up-regulation of EL by inflammatory stimuli may be involved in the progression of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Kojma
- Division of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Beauchamp MC, Michaud SE, Li L, Sartippour MR, Renier G. Advanced glycation end products potentiate the stimulatory effect of glucose on macrophage lipoprotein lipase expression. J Lipid Res 2004; 45:1749-57. [PMID: 15210847 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m400169-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) secreted by macrophages in the arterial wall promotes atherosclerosis. We have shown that macrophages of patients with type 2 diabetes overproduce LPL and that metabolic factors, including glucose, stimulate macrophage LPL secretion. In this study, we determined the effect of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on LPL expression by macrophages cultured in a high-glucose environment and the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect. Our results demonstrate that AGEs potentiate the stimulatory effect of high glucose on murine and human macrophage LPL gene expression and secretion. Induction of macrophage LPL mRNA levels by AGEs was identical to that elicited by physiologically relevant modified albumin and was inhibited by anti-AGE receptor as well as by antioxidants. Treatment of macrophages with AGEs resulted in protein kinase C (PKC) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. Inhibition of these kinases abolished the effect of AGEs on LPL mRNA levels. Finally, exposure of macrophages to AGEs increased the binding of nuclear proteins to the activated protein-1 consensus sequence of the LPL promoter. This effect was inhibited by PKC and MAPK inhibitors. These results demonstrate for the first time that AGEs potentiate the stimulatory effect of high glucose on macrophage LPL expression. This effect appears to involve oxidative stress and PKC/MAPK activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Beauchamp
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Centre, Notre-Dame Hospital, Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yu KCW, David C, Kadambi S, Stahl A, Hirata KI, Ishida T, Quertermous T, Cooper AD, Choi SY. Endothelial lipase is synthesized by hepatic and aorta endothelial cells and its expression is altered in apoE-deficient mice. J Lipid Res 2004; 45:1614-23. [PMID: 15175355 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m400069-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both LPL and HL are synthesized in parenchymal cells, are secreted, and bind to endothelial cells. To learn where endothelial lipase (EL) is synthesized in adult animals, the localization of EL in mouse and rat liver was studied by immunohistochemical analysis. Furthermore, to test whether EL could play a role in atherogenesis, the expression of EL in the aorta and liver of apolipoprotein E knockout (EKO) mice was determined. EL in both mouse and rat liver was colocalized with vascular endothelial cells but not with hepatocytes. In contrast, HL was present in both hepatocytes and endothelial cells. By in situ hybridization, EL mRNA was present only in endothelial cells in liver sections. EL was also present at low levels in aorta of normal mice. We fed EKO mice and wild-type mice a variety of diets and determined EL expression in liver and aorta. EKO mice showed significant expression of EL in aorta. EL expression was lower in the liver of EKO mice than in normal mice. Cholesterol feeding decreased EL in liver of both types of mice. In the aorta, EL was higher in EKO than in wild-type mice, and cholesterol feeding had no effect. Together, these data suggest that EL may be upregulated at the site of atherosclerotic lesions and thus could supply lipids to the area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C-W Yu
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Maingrette F, Renier G. Leptin increases lipoprotein lipase secretion by macrophages: involvement of oxidative stress and protein kinase C. Diabetes 2003; 52:2121-8. [PMID: 12882931 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.52.8.2121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggest that plasma leptin may represent a cardiovascular risk factor in diabetic patients. To gain further insight into the role of leptin in atherogenesis associated with diabetes, we investigated in the present study the role of this hormone in the regulation of macrophage lipoprotein lipase (LPL), a proatherogenic cytokine overexpressed in patients with type 2 diabetes. Treatment of human macrophages with leptin (1-10 nmol/l) increased LPL expression, at both the mRNA and protein levels. Pretreatment of these cells with anti-leptin receptor (Ob-R) antibody, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, calphostin C, and GF109203X, or the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) blocked the effects of leptin. Similar results were observed in leptin-treated J774 macrophages. In these cells, leptin increased the membrane expression of conventional PKC isoforms and downregulation of endogenous PKC expression abolished the effects of leptin on macrophage LPL expression. In leptin-treated J774 cells, enhanced LPL synthetic rate and increased binding of nuclear proteins to the activated protein-1 (AP-1) consensus sequence of the LPL gene promoter were also observed. This latter effect was abrogated by GF109203X. Overall, these data demonstrate that binding of leptin at the macrophage cell surface increases, through oxidative stress- and PKC-dependent pathways, LPL expression. This effect appears to be exerted at the transcriptional level and to involve AP-1 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Maingrette
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Donnini D, Ambesi-Impiombato FS, Curcio F. Thyrotropin stimulates production of procoagulant and vasodilative factors in human aortic endothelial cells. Thyroid 2003; 13:517-21. [PMID: 12930594 DOI: 10.1089/105072503322238764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
vasodilative Thyroid diseases have been associated with pathophysiological changes in the vasculature that may result from altered thyroid hormone production or to direct effect of elevated thyrotropin (TSH) levels on smooth muscle cells. A direct effect of TSH on vascular endothelium has not been considered. In the present study a strain of human aortic endothelial cells has been stimulated with TSH, and vascular parameters correlated with the atherosclerotic process have been analyzed. Addition of TSH induced an increase of cyclic AMP (cAMP) concentration in human aortic endothelial cells. Furthermore it induced a decrease of endothelin (from 30 +/- 2.5 to 13 +/- 1 fmol/mL) and of tissue plasminogen activator secretion (from 2,800 +/- 200 to 1,600 +/- 150 ng/mL). On the other hand, it increased nitric oxide (from 148 +/- 8 to 211 +/- 12 microM). TSH did not affect plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Similar results were obtained when immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs) from Graves' disease patients were used. In conclusion, our findings suggest that TSH and IgGs from Graves' disease patients could stimulate endothelial cells, increasing the secretion of procoagulant and vasodilative factors, and that cAMP is involved in the transduction pathway. These findings are consistent with modifications of the fibrinolytic system reported in hypothyroidism and in Graves' disease. On the other hand, the increase of vascular resistance found in patients with hypothyroidism may be due to the altered thyroid hormone production and not to TSH directly, or to a different effect of TSH on peripheral vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debora Donnini
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, and MATI Center, P. le S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li L, Beauchamp MC, Renier G. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma agonists upregulate human macrophage lipoprotein lipase expression. Atherosclerosis 2002; 165:101-10. [PMID: 12208475 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(02)00203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcriptional factors which mediate pleiotropic effects including regulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism and control of inflammation. In the present study, we measured the in vitro effects of PPAR alpha and gamma ligands on macrophage lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expression. Human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were cultured for 1-3 days in the presence of PPAR alpha and gamma ligands. At the end of these incubation periods, extracellular LPL immunoreactive mass/activity and LPL mRNA levels were measured. Incubation of human MDM with PPAR alpha and gamma ligands stimulated, in a time- and dose-dependent manner, human MDM LPL mass and activity. These agents also significantly increased macrophage LPL mRNA expression. In THP-1 cells treated with PPAR alpha and gamma ligands, enhanced nuclear protein binding to the peroxisome proliferator responsive element (PPRE) of the human LPL promoter was observed. Furthermore, in these cells, a decreased rate of decay of LPL mRNA was documented. Overall, these results demonstrate that PPAR alpha and gamma activators increase macrophage LPL secretion. Given the proatherogenic effect of vascular wall LPL, better understanding of the role of PPARs in the regulation of macrophage LPL expression could lead to the development of new approaches in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- CHUM Research Centre, Notre-Dame Hospital, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Montreal, Que., Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ma YQ, Thomas GN, Critchley JAJH, Lee ZSK, Chan JCN, Tomlinson B. Association of the D8S282 marker near the lipoprotein lipase gene locus with systolic blood pressure in healthy Chinese subjects. J Hypertens 2002; 20:2199-204. [PMID: 12409958 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200211000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the marker D8S282 near the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene locus, and blood pressure, anthropometric and biochemical parameters in 229 healthy Chinese subjects. METHOD Genotyping was performed using an automated DNA sequencer and the Base ImageIR software. Eight different alleles were identified (272-286 bp) resulting in 15 genotypes in our population. We investigated the association between the common (28.8%) 278 bp allele and the anthropometric and biochemical parameters. RESULTS In a tertile analysis, the frequency of the 278 bp allele increased linearly ( P = 0.003) with increasing systolic blood pressure (SBP). The relationship was most evident in the females ( n = 141); SBP was higher in homozygotes for the 278 bp allele (117 +/- 10 mmHg, = 12) than those without this allele (109 +/- 9 mmHg, = 77, 0.05) and was gene-dose dependent, and this difference was more significant after adjusting for age (P = 0.004). No relationship between the locus and the anthropometric or biochemical parameters investigated was observed. CONCLUSION The D8S282 marker near the LPL gene locus contributes to the variance of SBP in healthy Hong Kong Chinese subjects, particularly in females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qing Ma
- Department of Medicine and Theraputics. The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dugi KA, Schmidt N, Brandauer K, Ramacher D, Fiehn W, Kreuzer J. Activity and concentration of lipoprotein lipase in post-heparin plasma and the extent of coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2002; 163:127-34. [PMID: 12048130 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(01)00752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have found polymorphisms in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene to be associated with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), implicating LPL in the development of atherothrombotic disease. It remains controversial, however, whether LPL acts in a pro- or anti-atherogenic fashion. We quantitated activity and concentration of LPL in post-heparin plasma from 194 male patients undergoing coronary angiography. HDL cholesterol was significantly associated with LPL activity quartiles (1.09+/-0.26 the highest vs. 0.96+/-0.25 mmol/l the lowest quartile, P<0.01). There was also a trend towards higher total (5.61+/-1.33 vs. 5.16+/-1.44 mmol/l, P=0.059) and LDL cholesterol (3.92+/-1.39 vs. 3.46+/-1.06 mmol/l, P=0.09) with higher LPL activity. In contrast, measures of CAD extent showed no differences between LPL quartiles (P>0.30 for prior myocardial infarction, number of diseased vessels, Gensini and extent scores). Additionally, there was no difference in LPL activity (CAD: n=158, 168+/-70 nmol/ml/min, no CAD: n=36, 180+/-89 nmol/ml/min, P=0.47) or concentration (280+/-121 ng/ml and 288+/-111 ng/ml, P=0.72) between patients with and without CAD. Our data show that, in spite of an association with lipoprotein parameters, LPL in post-heparin plasma is unrelated to the presence or the extent of CAD. Therefore, lipoprotein lipase determination in plasma does not appear to be a useful marker in the assessment of CAD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus A Dugi
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Heidelberg University, Bergheimer Strasse 58, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Beauchamp MC, Renier G. Homocysteine induces protein kinase C activation and stimulates c-Fos and lipoprotein lipase expression in macrophages. Diabetes 2002; 51:1180-7. [PMID: 11916942 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.51.4.1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in human diabetes. Among the multiple factors that may account for the atherogenicity of homocysteine (Hcys) in patients with diabetes, macrophage (Mo) lipoprotein lipase (LPL) has unique features in that it is increased in human diabetes and acts as a proatherogenic factor in the arterial wall. In the present study, we determined the direct regulatory effect of Hcys on Mo LPL gene expression and secretion. Incubation of J774 Mo with Hcys increased, in a time- and dose-dependent manner, LPL mRNA expression and secretion. Induction of LPL gene expression was biphasic, peaking at 1 and 6 h. Whereas Hcys treatment increased protein kinase C (PKC) activity in Mo, pretreatment of Mo with PKC inhibitors totally suppressed Hcys-induced LPL mRNA expression. Hcys also increases the levels of c-fos mRNA in Mo and enhanced nuclear protein binding to the AP-1 sequence of the LPL gene promoter. Overall, these results demonstrate that Hcys stimulates Mo LPL at both the gene and protein levels and that Hcys-induced LPL mRNA expression requires PKC activation. They also suggest a possible role of c-fos in the stimulatory effect of Hcys on Mo LPL mRNA expression. These observations suggest a new mechanism by which Hcys may exert its proatherogenic effects in human diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Beauchamp
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM) Research Centre, Notre-Dame Hospital, Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Macrophage lipoprotein lipase expression is increased in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. J Lipid Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)30163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
32
|
Pentikäinen MO, Oksjoki R, Oörni K, Kovanen PT. Lipoprotein lipase in the arterial wall: linking LDL to the arterial extracellular matrix and much more. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002; 22:211-7. [PMID: 11834518 DOI: 10.1161/hq0102.101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles to be atherogenic, increasing evidence indicates that their residence time in the arterial intima must be sufficient to allow their modification into forms capable of triggering extracellular and intracellular lipid accumulation. Recent reports have confirmed the longstanding hypothesis that the major determinant(s) of initial LDL retention in the preatherosclerotic arterial intima is the proteoglycans. However, once the initial atherosclerotic lesions have formed, a shift to retention facilitated by macrophage-derived lipoprotein lipase (LPL) appears, leading to the progression of the lesions. Here, we review recent findings on the mechanisms enabling LPL to promote LDL retention and extracellular lipid accumulation in the arterial intima, and we describe the structures in the extracellular matrix that are held to be important in this process. Finally, the potentially harmful consequences of LDL linking by LPL and of other LPL actions in the arterial intima are briefly reviewed.
Collapse
|
33
|
Clee SM, Loubser O, Collins J, Kastelein JJ, Hayden MR. The LPL S447X cSNP is associated with decreased blood pressure and plasma triglycerides, and reduced risk of coronary artery disease. Clin Genet 2001; 60:293-300. [PMID: 11683775 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2001.600407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Linkage of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene to blood pressure levels has been reported. The LPL S447X single nucleotide polymorphism (cSNP) has been associated with decreased triglycerides (TG), increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and a decreased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which may occur independently of its beneficial lipid changes. To investigate the relationship between LPL S447X cSNP and these parameters, we studied a cohort of individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia in whom blood pressures and information regarding the use of blood pressure lowering medications were available. Carriers of the S447X variant had decreased TG (1.21+/-0.47 vs. 1.52+/-0.67, p<0.001) and a trend towards decreased vascular disease (12.7 vs. 19.5%) compared to non-carriers. More interestingly, however, carriers of this cSNP had decreased diastolic blood pressure compared to non-carriers (78+/-10 vs. 82+/-11, p=0.002), evident in both men and women, youths and adults, with similar trends for systolic blood pressure. Furthermore, the decrease in blood pressure appeared independent of the decrease in TG (p=0.02), suggesting that the LPL protein may have a direct influence on the vascular wall. This suggests an additional mechanism whereby this variant may have protective effects, independent of changes in plasma lipid levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Clee
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hennig B, Toborek M, McClain CJ. High-Energy Diets, Fatty Acids and Endothelial Cell Function: Implications for Atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Nutr 2001; 20:97-105. [PMID: 11349944 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2001.10719021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Diets high in fat and/or calories can lead to hypertriglyceridemia and postprandial lipemia and thus are considered a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Plasma chylomicron levels are elevated in humans after consuming a high-fat meal, and hepatic synthesis of VLDL is increased when caloric intake is in excess of body needs. High lipoprotein lipase activity and subsequent hydrolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins may be an important source of elevated concentrations of fatty acid anions in the proximity to the endothelium and hence a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. We have shown that selected fatty acids, as well as lipoprotein lipase-derived remnants of lipoproteins isolated from hypertriglyceridemic subjects, can activate vascular endothelial cells and disrupt endothelial integrity. Our studies suggest that omega-6 fatty acids, and especially linoleic acid, cause endothelial cell dysfunction most markedly as well as can potentiate TNF-mediated endothelial cell injury. We propose that high-energy diets, and especially diets rich in linoleic acid, are atherogenic by contributing to an imbalance in cellular oxidative stress/antioxidant status of the endothelium, which can lead to activation of oxidative stress-responsive transcription factors, inflammatory cytokine production and the expression of adhesion molecules. Our data also suggest that nutrients, which have antioxidant and/or membrane stabilizing properties, can protect endothelial cells. These findings contribute to the understanding of the interactive role of high fat/calorie diets and subsequent hypertriglyceridemia with inflammatory components and nutrients that exhibit antiatherogenic properties in the development of atherosclerosis. Moreover, results from our research further support the concept that high-fat/calorie diets and associated postprandial hypertriglyceridemia are significant risk factors for atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Hennig
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0054, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sass C, Herbeth B, Siest G, Visvikis S. Lipoprotein lipase (C/G)447 polymorphism and blood pressure in the Stanislas Cohort. J Hypertens 2000; 18:1775-81. [PMID: 11132601 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200018120-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Association between blood pressure and triglyceride levels, and between lipoprotein lipase (LPL) (C/G)447 polymorphism and triglyceride levels has been described. We investigated whether the LPL (C/G)447 polymorphism was associated with blood pressure (BP) levels and longitudinal changes. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS For cross-sectional analysis, 767 men and 816 women (29-55 years) were selected from the Stanislas Cohort, a cohort of volunteers for a free health check-up. Only subjects without anti-hypertensive or lipid-lowering medication were included in the study. A subset of this sample population, 359 men and 337 women, had been followed during the 11 years prior to recruitment in the Stanislas Cohort and was used for longitudinal analysis. RESULTS The cross-sectional study showed that serum triglyceride levels differed significantly according to LPL genotypes in both genders, the G447 allele being associated with the lowest triglyceride levels (P < or = 0.01). Univariate and multivariate analysis found that LPL polymorphism was not related to BP levels in men. In contrast, women with the LPL-G447 allele had lower systolic (SBP) and pulse (PP) pressure levels than those with the LPL-CC genotype (P < or = 0.01 and P < or = 0.05, respectively); this association being independent of triglyceride level. The longitudinal study showed LPL genotype was an independent predictor of PP and SBP follow-up levels in women; changes over 11 years being lower for LPL-G447 allele carriers (P < or = 0.05). These associations were independent of triglyceride level. CONCLUSION The LPL-G447 allele was found associated with lower PP and SBP independently of triglyceride level in women. This result suggests that the LPL gene may influence blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Sass
- Unité INSERM U 525, Centre de Médecine Preventive, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Donnini D, Perrella G, Stel G, Ambesi-Impiombato FS, Curcio F. A new model of human aortic endothelial cells in vitro. Biochimie 2000; 82:1107-14. [PMID: 11120352 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(00)01195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells play an important role in coagulation regulation of vascular tone and in a variety of synthetic and metabolic functions. Endothelial cells also have a pivotal role in immunological diseases atherogenesis and tumor angiogenesis. Endothelial cells are often used as system to study the pathophysiology of late complications in diabetes mellitus atherosclerotic damages and leukocyte adhesion in inflammatory diseases. Most of the studies have been performed on primary arterial and venous endothelial cell cultures with problems such as availability of autoptic material and reproducibility of cell cultures. We have isolated and characterized a novel system of proliferating long-term cultures of human aortic endothelial cells that maintain their differentiated characteristics for many generations in vitro. They produce antithrombotic and thrombotic factors such as t-PA and PAI-1 and respond to TNFalpha, an important factor correlated with the inflammatory process by modifying growth characteristics by producing cytokines such as GM-CSF by expressing ICAM-1 on the surface and by producing large amounts of nitric oxide and endothelin. This new system may be very useful to understand and study the molecular mechanisms involved in many vascular alteration pathologies and in the aging process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Donnini
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Universita' degli Studi di Udine, P. le Santa Maria della Misericordia, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mamputu JC, Levesque L, Renier G. Proliferative effect of lipoprotein lipase on human vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20:2212-9. [PMID: 11031206 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.20.10.2212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is a key event in the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Accumulating evidence suggests that lipoprotein lipase (LPL) produced in the vascular wall may exert proatherogenic effects. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of LPL on VSMC proliferation. Incubation of growth-arrested human VSMCs with purified endotoxin-free bovine LPL for 48 and 72 hours, in the absence of any added exogenous lipoproteins, resulted in a dose-dependent increase in VSMC growth. Addition of VLDLs to the culture media did not further enhance the LPL effect. Treatment of growth-arrested VSMCs with purified human or murine LPL (1 microg/mL) led to a similar increase in cell proliferation. Neutralization of bovine LPL by the monoclonal 5D2 antibody, irreversible inhibition, or heat inactivation of the lipase suppressed the LPL stimulatory effect on VSMC growth. Moreover, preincubation of VSMCs with the specific protein kinase C inhibitors calphostin C and chelerythrine totally abolished LPL-induced VSMC proliferation. In LPL-treated VSMCs, a significant increase in protein kinase C activity was observed. Treatment of VSMCs with heparinase III (1 U/mL) totally inhibited LPL-induced human VSMC proliferation. Taken together, these data indicate that LPL stimulates VSMC proliferation. LPL enzymatic activity, protein kinase C activation, and LPL binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans expressed on VSMC surfaces are required for this effect. The stimulatory effect of LPL on VSMC proliferation may represent an additional mechanism through which the enzyme contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Mamputu
- CHUM Research Center, Notre-Dame Hospital, Department of Nutrition, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Van Eck M, Zimmermann R, Groot PH, Zechner R, Van Berkel TJ. Role of macrophage-derived lipoprotein lipase in lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20:E53-62. [PMID: 10978269 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.20.9.e53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) synthesis by macrophages is upregulated in early atherogenesis, implicating the possible involvement of LPL in plaque formation. However, it is still unclear whether macrophage-derived LPL displays a proatherosclerotic or an antiatherosclerotic role in atherosclerotic lesion development. In this study, the role of macrophage-derived LPL on lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis was assessed in vivo by transplantation of LPL-deficient (LPL-/-) and wild-type (LPL+/+) bone marrow into C57BL/6 mice. Eight weeks after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), serum cholesterol levels in LPL-/--->C57BL/6 mice were reduced by 8% compared with those in LPL+/+-->C57BL/6 mice (P:<0.05, n=16), whereas triglycerides were increased by 33% (P:<0.05, n=16). Feeding the mice a high-cholesterol diet increased serum cholesterol levels in LPL-/--->C57BL/6 and LPL+/+-->C57BL/6 mice 5-fold and 9-fold, respectively, resulting in a difference of approximately 50% (P:<0. 01) after 3 months on the diet. No effects on triglyceride levels were observed under these conditions. Furthermore, serum apolipoprotein E levels were reduced by 50% in the LPL-/--->C57BL/6 mice compared with controls under both dietary conditions. After 3 months on a high-cholesterol diet, the atherosclerotic lesion area in LPL-/--->C57BL/6 mice was reduced by 52% compared with controls. It can be concluded that macrophage-derived LPL plays a significant role in the regulation of serum cholesterol, apolipoprotein E, and atherogenesis, suggesting that specific blockade of macrophage LPL production may be beneficial for decreasing atherosclerotic lesion development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Van Eck
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Sylvius Laboratories, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Clee SM, Bissada N, Miao F, Miao L, Marais AD, Henderson HE, Steures P, McManus J, McManus B, LeBoeuf RC, Kastelein JJ, Hayden MR. Plasma and vessel wall lipoprotein lipase have different roles in atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)32399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
40
|
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a central role in lipid metabolism and transport by catalysing the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. The importance of LPL expressed by the adipose tissue and muscles in the provision of non-esterified fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerol for tissue utilisation is well established. However, recent studies on LPL expressed by cells of the vascular wall, particularly macrophages, have identified additional actions of the enzyme that contribute to the promotion of foam cell formation and atherosclerosis. This review deals with the role of LPL in atherosclerosis, and its regulation by mediators that are known to be present in the lesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Mead
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, P. O. Box 911, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wittekoek ME, Moll E, Pimstone SN, Trip MD, Lansberg PJ, Defesche JC, van Doormaal JJ, Hayden MR, Kastelein JJ. A frequent mutation in the lipoprotein lipase gene (D9N) deteriorates the biochemical and clinical phenotype of familial hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19:2708-13. [PMID: 10559015 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.19.11.2708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The D9N substitution is a common mutation in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene. This mutation has been associated with reduced levels of HDL cholesterol and elevated triglycerides (TG) in a wide variety of patients. We investigated the influence of this D9N mutation on lipid and lipoprotein levels and risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). A total of 2091 FH heterozygotes, all of Dutch extraction, were screened for the D9N mutation using standard polymerase chain reaction techniques, followed by specific enzyme digestion. A total of 94 FH subjects carried the D9N mutation at a carrier frequency of 4.5%. Carriers of other common LPL mutations, such as the N291S and the S447X were excluded. Clinical data on 80 FH individuals carrying the D9N were available and were compared with a FH control group matched for age, sex, and body mass index (n=203). Analysis revealed significantly higher TG (P=0.01) and lower HDL-cholesterol levels (P=0.002). Dyslipidemia was more pronounced in D9N carriers with higher body mass index. Moreover, FH patients carrying this common LPL mutation were at higher risk for CVD, (odds ratio=2.8; 95% CI, 1.43 to 5.32; P=0.002). The common D9N LPL mutation leads to increased TG and decreased HDL plasma levels in patients with FH. These effects are most apparent in those FH heterozygotes with an increased body mass index. Furthermore, this mutation, present in 4.5% of Dutch FH heterozygotes, leads to increased risk for CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Wittekoek
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mamputu JC, Renier G. Differentiation of human monocytes to monocyte-derived macrophages is associated with increased lipoprotein lipase-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression and production: a process involving cell surface proteoglycans and protein kinase C. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19:1405-11. [PMID: 10364070 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.19.6.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to (1) evaluate the responsiveness of human mononuclear cells to lipoprotein lipase (LPL), as assessed by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) production, during the process of differentiation of monocytes to macrophages, and (2) determine the mechanisms by which LPL exerts its effect on these cells. Treatment of human monocytes with purified endotoxin-free bovine LPL (1 microgram/mL) resulted in a 161+/-15% increase in TNFalpha production over control values (P<0.01). A further increase in TNFalpha production was observed after treatment of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) with LPL (490+/-81% over control values, P<0.01). Increased TNFalpha mRNA expression and protein kinase C activity were also observed in LPL-treated human monocytes and MDMs. These LPL effects were abrogated by the specific protein kinase C inhibitor calphostin C (1 micromol/L). Although heparinase totally abolished LPL-induced TNFalpha production in human monocytes, this agent did not significantly inhibit LPL effect in human MDMs. In contrast, treatment of MDMs with chondroitinase suppressed LPL-induced TNFalpha production. Taken together, these data suggest that (1) differentiation of human monocytes to MDMs is associated with increased LPL-induced TNFalpha mRNA expression and production, (2) a protein kinase C-dependent pathway is involved in the induction of TNFalpha by LPL in these cells, and (3) LPL effect is mediated by cell surface proteoglycans. As MDMs secrete LPL in the vascular wall, we propose that LPL, by acting as an autocrine activator of MDM function, may contribute to the high level of TNFalpha found in the atheromatous lesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Mamputu
- CHUM Research Center, Notre-Dame Campus, Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
|