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Gaur A, Nayak P, Ghosh S, Sengupta T, Sakthivadivel V. Aluminum as a Possible Cause Toward Dyslipidemia. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2023; 27:112-119. [PMID: 37600652 PMCID: PMC10434801 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_349_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum, the third most abundant metal present in the earth's crust, is present almost in all daily commodities we use, and exposure to it is unavoidable. The interference of aluminum with various biochemical reactions in the body leads to detrimental health effects, out of which aluminum-induced neurodegeneration is widely studied. However, the effect of aluminum in causing dyslipidemia cannot be neglected. Dyslipidemia is a global health problem, which commences to the cosmic of non-communicable diseases. The interference of aluminum with various iron-dependent enzymatic activities in the tri-carboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain results in decreased production of mitochondrial adenosine tri-phosphate. This ultimately contributes to oxidative stress and iron-mediated lipid peroxidation. This mitochondrial dysfunction along with modulation of α-ketoglutarate and L-carnitine perturbs lipid metabolism, leading to the atypical accumulation of lipids and dyslipidemia. Respiratory chain disruption because of the accumulation of reduced nicotinamide adenine di-nucleotide as a consequence of oxidative stress and the stimulatory effect of aluminum exposure on glycolysis causes many health issues including fat accumulation, obesity, and other hepatic disorders. One major factor contributing to dyslipidemia and enhanced pro-inflammatory responses is estrogen. Aluminum, being a metalloestrogen, modulates estrogen receptors, and in this world of industrialization and urbanization, we could corner down to metals, particularly aluminum, in the development of dyslipidemia. As per PRISMA guidelines, we did a literature search in four medical databases to give a holistic view of the possible link between aluminum exposure and various biochemical events leading to dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Gaur
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Prasunpriya Nayak
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sutirtha Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Trina Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Varatharajan Sakthivadivel
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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2
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Rittinghaus RD, Herres-Pawlis S. Catalysts as Key Enablers for the Synthesis of Bioplastics with Sophisticated Architectures. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202222. [PMID: 36173968 PMCID: PMC10098652 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioplastics are one of the answers to environmental pollution and linear material flows. The most promising bioplastic polylactide (PLA) is already replacing conventional plastics in a number of applications. The properties of PLA, however, do not fit for all potential application areas, but they can be altered by the introduction of comonomers. The copolymerization of lactide (LA) with other lactones like ϵ-caprolactone (CL) has been established for several years. Nevertheless, controlling copolymerizations remains a challenge due to the high complexity of the system. Copolymerization of LA with other monomer classes is much less investigated, but has the chance to overcome the limitations in material properties that occur when only lactones are used. The crucial factor for all copolymerizations is the catalyst. It dominates the reaction kinetics and determines the resulting microstructure. In this review, copolymerization catalysts for LA are presented divided into catalysts for the synthesis of lactone block copolymers, lactone random copolymers, and multimechanistically synthesized copolymers. The selected catalysts are highlighted either owing to their industrially applicable polymerization conditions or their non-standard mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth D Rittinghaus
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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3
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Yan L, Yang H, Liu N, Meng F, Zhang S. A photochromic salicylaldehyde hydrazone derivative based on CN isomerization and ESIPT mechanisms and its detection of Al 3+ in aqueous solution. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 275:121116. [PMID: 35316626 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A simple photochromic Schiff base was successfully prepared by the condensation of salicylaldehyde and benzoyl hydrazine. This compound has reversible photochromic properties based on isomerization and ESIPT mechanisms. In organic solvents, after irradiation with 365 nm UV light for 2 min, the absorption peak at 367 nm of the compound showed a significant decrease, while a double absorption peak appeared at 418 nm and 438 nm, accompanied by a significant change of the solution color from colorless to yellow. The compound can also complex with Al3+ at the molar ratio of 2:1 in the water solution (acetonitrile/water, v/v, 1:99), resulting in significantly enhanced fluorescence of the compound, so as to achieve fluorescence detection of Al3+ in living cells and water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Yan
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, PR China.
| | - Hong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, PR China
| | - Nan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, PR China
| | - Fengjuan Meng
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, PR China
| | - Shiqing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, PR China
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4
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Saha S, De A, Ghosh A, Ghosh A, Bera K, Das KS, Akhtar S, Maiti NC, Das AK, Das BB, Mondal R. Pyridine-pyrazole based Al(iii) 'turn on' sensor for MCF7 cancer cell imaging and detection of picric acid. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10094-10109. [PMID: 35423527 PMCID: PMC8695507 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00082a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report herein the development of a new pyridine-pyrazole based bis-bidentate asymmetric chemosensor that shows excellent turn-on chelation-enhanced Al3+-responsive fluorescence. The presence of two 'hard' phenolic hydroxyl groups plays a pivotal role in switching-on the sensing through coordination to the 'hard' Al3+ ion, while the mechanism can be interpreted by the chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) process. The X-ray single structure show a planar conjugated structure of the ligand, which was further stabilized by extensive H-bonding and π-π stacking. The photophysical studies related to the sensing behavior of the titular ligand toward aluminum was investigated in detail using various spectroscopic techniques like UV-Vis, photoluminescence, fluorescence and time-correlated single-photon count (TCSPC) and time-resolved NMR. The spectroscopic methods also confirm the selective detection of Al3+ ion in the presence of other metal ions. The theoretical calculations using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and the Time Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) provide further insight on the mechanistic aspects of the turn-on sensing behavior including the electronic spectra of both the ligand and the complex. Interestingly, the as-synthesized H2DPC-Al complex can also be utilized as a fluorescence-based sensor for various nitroaromatics including picric acid, for which an INHIBIT logic gate can also be constructed. The as synthesized complex was subsequently used as a fluorescent probe for imaging of human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) cells using live cell confocal microscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Saha
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata-700032 India
| | - Avik De
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata-700032 India
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata-700032 India
| | - Avik Ghosh
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata-700032 India
| | - Kaushik Bera
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Krishna Sundar Das
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata-700032 India
| | - Sohel Akhtar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata-700032 India
| | - Nakul C Maiti
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Abhijit Kumar Das
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata-700032 India
| | - Benu Brata Das
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata-700032 India
| | - Raju Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata-700032 India
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5
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The Implications of Titanium Alloys Applied in Maxillofacial Osteosynthesis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10093203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Titanium alloys are known for their biological, mechanical and chemical properties, which have successfully expanded their use in the maxillofacial field. The internal fixation using titanium miniplates and screws offer a new perspective for the treatment of trauma and in orthognathic surgery and maxillofacial oncology. Although, titanium is highly recommended for its excellent biocompatibility, recent research has focused on identifying the potential local and general implications of the interactions between the human tissue and the metallic particles. This present review aims to outline the existing tissue changes, cellular alterations and future perspectives regarding the use of titanium-based alloys as osteosynthesis materials, taking into consideration the existing present debate whether the routinely removal of these materials should be an indication.
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6
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Exley C. An aluminium adjuvant in a vaccine is an acute exposure to aluminium. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 57:57-59. [PMID: 31561170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom.
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Igbokwe IO, Igwenagu E, Igbokwe NA. Aluminium toxicosis: a review of toxic actions and effects. Interdiscip Toxicol 2019; 12:45-70. [PMID: 32206026 PMCID: PMC7071840 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2019-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is frequently accessible to animal and human populations to the extent that intoxications may occur. Intake of Al is by inhalation of aerosols or particles, ingestion of food, water and medicaments, skin contact, vaccination, dialysis and infusions. Toxic actions of Al induce oxidative stress, immunologic alterations, genotoxicity, pro-inflammatory effect, peptide denaturation or transformation, enzymatic dysfunction, metabolic derangement, amyloidogenesis, membrane perturbation, iron dyshomeostasis, apoptosis, necrosis and dysplasia. The pathological conditions associated with Al toxicosis are desquamative interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, granulomas, granulomatosis and fibrosis, toxic myocarditis, thrombosis and ischemic stroke, granulomatous enteritis, Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, anemia, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, sclerosis, autism, macrophagic myofasciitis, osteomalacia, oligospermia and infertility, hepatorenal disease, breast cancer and cyst, pancreatitis, pancreatic necrosis and diabetes mellitus. The review provides a broad overview of Al toxicosis as a background for sustained investigations of the toxicology of Al compounds of public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu Onyebuchi Igbokwe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Ephraim Igwenagu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Nanacha Afifi Igbokwe
- Department Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
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8
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Selva Kumar R, Kumar SA. Highly selective fluorescent chemosensor for the relay detection of Al3+ and picric acid. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Röllin HB, Nogueira C, Olutola B, Channa K, Odland JØ. Prenatal Exposure to Aluminum and Status of Selected Essential Trace Elements in Rural South African Women at Delivery. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1494. [PMID: 30011954 PMCID: PMC6068832 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the in utero exposure to aluminum and status of selected trace elements in South African women at delivery since aluminum is known to be toxic in all developmental stages even at low concentrations. Serum aluminum was negatively correlated with aluminum in urine, both uncorrected and corrected for creatinine, which suggests the retention of aluminum in body stores. Serum copper and zinc levels were found to be high in this study population. Serum copper levels were negatively correlated with aluminum in serum (β = -0.095; p = 0.05). There was a marginal negative correlation between aluminum levels in serum and manganese levels in whole blood (β = -0.087; p = 0.08). Copper levels in maternal serum were negatively correlated with birth weight and the length of neonates. There were a number of positive correlations between maternal characteristics and birth outcomes. Mothers who consumed root vegetables frequently appeared to be protected from aluminum retention and increased body burden since their serum aluminum levels were found to be significantly lower. The findings of the current study can be used as a baseline for further research on aluminum exposure and its associated interactions and outcomes in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina B Röllin
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
- Environment and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
| | - Claudina Nogueira
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Bukola Olutola
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Kalavati Channa
- Lancet Laboratories, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa.
- Department of Biomedical Technology, School of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2094, South Africa.
| | - Jon Ø Odland
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
- Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø 9019, Norway.
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10
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Zhou L, Liu J, Xing S, Tan Y, Huang L. Phytoplankton responses to aluminum enrichment in the South China Sea. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 181:117-131. [PMID: 28967476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Compared to extensive studies reporting the aluminum (Al) toxicity to terrestrial plants and freshwater organisms, very little is known about how marine phytoplankton responds to Al in the field. Here we report the marine phytoplankton responses to Al enrichment in the South China Sea (SCS) using on-deck bottle incubation experiments during eight cruises from May 2010 to November 2013. Generally, Al addition alone enhanced the growth of diatom and Trichodesmium, and nitrogen fixation, but it inhibited the growth of dinoflagellates and Synechococcus. Nevertheless, Al addition alone did not influence the chlorophyll a concentration of the entire phytoplankton assemblages. By adding nitrate and phosphate simultaneously, Al enrichment led to substantial increases in chlorophyll a concentration (especially that of the picophytoplankton<3μm), and cell abundances of diatom and photosynthetic picoeukaryotes. These results indicate varied responses of phytoplankton in different size fractions and taxonomic groups to Al enrichment. Further, by simultaneously adding different macronutrients and/or sufficient trace metals including iron, we found that the phytoplankton responses to Al enrichment were relevant to nutrients coexisting in the environment. Al enrichment may give some phytoplankton a competitive edge over using nutrients, especially the limited ones. The possible influences of Al on the competitors and grazers (predators) of some phytoplankton might indirectly contribute to the positive responses of the phytoplankton to Al enrichment. Our results indicate that Al may influence marine carbon cycle by impacting phytoplankton growth and structure in natural seawater.
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11
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Exley C. The Chemistry of Human Exposure to Aluminium. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1091:33-37. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1370-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Martinez CS, Escobar AG, Uranga-Ocio JA, Peçanha FM, Vassallo DV, Exley C, Miguel M, Wiggers GA. Aluminum exposure for 60days at human dietary levels impairs spermatogenesis and sperm quality in rats. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 73:128-141. [PMID: 28823769 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Concerns about environmental aluminum (Al) and reproductive health have been raised. We investigated the effects of Al exposure at a human relevant dietary level and a high level exposure to Al. Experiment 1 (Lower level) rats were treated orally for 60 days: a) controls - ultrapure water; b) aluminum at 1.5mg/kg bw/day and c) aluminum at 8.3mg/kg bw/day. Experiment 2 (High level) rats were treated for 42 days: a) controls - ultrapure water; b) aluminum at 100mg/kg bw/day. Al decreased sperm count, daily sperm production, sperm motility, normal morphological sperm, impaired testis histology; increased oxidative stress in reproductive organs and inflammation in testis. Our study shows the specific presence of Al in the germinative cells and, that low concentrations of Al in testes (3.35μg/g) are sufficient to impair spermatogenesis and sperm quality. Our findings provide a better understanding of the reproductive health risk of Al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Silveira Martinez
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, PO Box 118, Zip Code: 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Alyne Gourlart Escobar
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, PO Box 118, Zip Code: 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Franck Maciel Peçanha
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, PO Box 118, Zip Code: 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Departments of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo and School of Medicine of Santa Casa de Misericórdia (EMESCAM), Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Zip Code: 29040-090, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Marta Miguel
- Bioactivity and Food Analysis Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia Alessandra Wiggers
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, PO Box 118, Zip Code: 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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13
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Cao D, Xu Z, Chen Y, Ke Q, Zhang C, Guo Y. Ag-loaded MgSrFe-layered double hydroxide/chitosan composite scaffold with enhanced osteogenic and antibacterial property for bone engineering tissue. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:863-873. [PMID: 28419693 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering scaffolds for the reconstruction of large bone defects should simultaneously promote osteogenic differentiation and avoid postoperative infection. Herein, we develop, for the first time, Ag-loaded MgSrFe-layered double hydroxide/chitosan (Ag-MgSrFe/CS) composite scaffold. This scaffold exhibits three-dimensional interconnected macroporous structure with a pore size of 100-300 μm. The layered double hydroxide nanoplates in the Ag-MgSrFe/CS show lateral sizes of 200-400 nm and thicknesses of ∼50 nm, and the Ag nanoparticles with particle sizes of ∼20 nm are uniformly dispersed on the scaffold surfaces. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) present good adhesion, spreading, and proliferation on the Ag-MgSrFe/CS composite scaffold, suggesting that the Ag and Sr elements in the composite scaffold have no toxicity to hBMSCs. When compared with MgFe/CS composite scaffold, the Ag-MgSrFe/CS composite scaffold has better osteogenic property. The released Sr2+ ions from the composite scaffold enhance the alkaline phosphatase activity of hBMSCs, promote the extracellular matrix mineralization, and increase the expression levels of osteogenic-related RUNX2 and BMP-2. Moreover, the Ag-MgSrFe/CS composite scaffold possesses good antibacterial property because the Ag nanoparticles in the composite scaffold effectively prevent biofilm formation against S. aureus. Hence, the Ag-MgSrFe/CS composite scaffold with excellent osteoinductivity and antibacterial property has a great potential for bone tissue engineering. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 863-873, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Cao
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zhengliang Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qinfei Ke
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yaping Guo
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
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14
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Lari M, Biver T, Busto N, Lozano HJ, Leal JM, Secco F, García B. Binding of Al(iii) to synthetic RNA and metal-mediated strand aggregation. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:16671-16681. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02830j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic curve of the binding of aluminum to RNA and metal-induced strand aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lari
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos
- Spain
| | - Tarita Biver
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- 56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Natalia Busto
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos
- Spain
| | | | - José M. Leal
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos
- Spain
| | - Fernando Secco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- 56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Begoña García
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos
- Spain
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15
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Crépeaux G, Eidi H, David MO, Baba-Amer Y, Tzavara E, Giros B, Authier FJ, Exley C, Shaw CA, Cadusseau J, Gherardi RK. Non-linear dose-response of aluminium hydroxide adjuvant particles: Selective low dose neurotoxicity. Toxicology 2016; 375:48-57. [PMID: 27908630 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) oxyhydroxide (Alhydrogel®), the main adjuvant licensed for human and animal vaccines, consists of primary nanoparticles that spontaneously agglomerate. Concerns about its safety emerged following recognition of its unexpectedly long-lasting biopersistence within immune cells in some individuals, and reports of chronic fatigue syndrome, cognitive dysfunction, myalgia, dysautonomia and autoimmune/inflammatory features temporally linked to multiple Al-containing vaccine administrations. Mouse experiments have documented its capture and slow transportation by monocyte-lineage cells from the injected muscle to lymphoid organs and eventually the brain. The present study aimed at evaluating mouse brain function and Al concentration 180days after injection of various doses of Alhydrogel® (200, 400 and 800μg Al/kg of body weight) in the tibialis anterior muscle in adult female CD1 mice. Cognitive and motor performances were assessed by 8 validated tests, microglial activation by Iba-1 immunohistochemistry, and Al level by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. An unusual neuro-toxicological pattern limited to a low dose of Alhydrogel® was observed. Neurobehavioural changes, including decreased activity levels and altered anxiety-like behaviour, were observed compared to controls in animals exposed to 200μg Al/kg but not at 400 and 800μg Al/kg. Consistently, microglial number appeared increased in the ventral forebrain of the 200μg Al/kg group. Cerebral Al levels were selectively increased in animals exposed to the lowest dose, while muscle granulomas had almost completely disappeared at 6 months in these animals. We conclude that Alhydrogel® injected at low dose in mouse muscle may selectively induce long-term Al cerebral accumulation and neurotoxic effects. To explain this unexpected result, an avenue that could be explored in the future relates to the adjuvant size since the injected suspensions corresponding to the lowest dose, but not to the highest doses, exclusively contained small agglomerates in the bacteria-size range known to favour capture and, presumably, transportation by monocyte-lineage cells. In any event, the view that Alhydrogel® neurotoxicity obeys "the dose makes the poison" rule of classical chemical toxicity appears overly simplistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillemette Crépeaux
- Inserm U955 E10, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Housam Eidi
- Inserm U955 E10, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Inserm U1204, Université Evry Val d'Essonne (UEVE), Evry, France
| | | | - Yasmine Baba-Amer
- Inserm U955 E10, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Eleni Tzavara
- Inserm U1130, CNRS UMR 8246, UPMC UM CR18, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Giros
- Inserm U1130, CNRS UMR 8246, UPMC UM CR18, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Christopher A Shaw
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Josette Cadusseau
- Inserm U955 E10, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Faculté des Sciences &Technologies UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Romain K Gherardi
- Inserm U955 E10, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
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16
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Inbar R, Weiss R, Tomljenovic L, Arango MT, Deri Y, Shaw CA, Chapman J, Blank M, Shoenfeld Y. Behavioral abnormalities in female mice following administration of aluminum adjuvants and the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine Gardasil. Immunol Res 2016; 65:136-149. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Kim S, Nam J, Kim K. Aluminum exposure decreases dopamine D1 and D2 receptor expression in mouse brain. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 26:741-6. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327107083973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) has been identified as a potential contributing factor in the etiology of several neurodegenerative disorders, but data regarding specific effects on neurotransduction, especially on dopaminergic neurotransduction, are lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of expressional alterations in dopamine receptors (DRs) in two dopaminergic subtypes, D1 and D2, in low and high dose Al-treated mice. After administration of Al (four intraperitoneal injections of 30 or 60 mg/kg AlCl3·6H2O at 2 h intervals), expression of the dopamine D1-like and D2-like receptors (DRD1, DRD2) was examined in the cortex and striatum of mouse brain at bregma levels of 1.10, -0.10 and -1.34 mm. In the cortex, Al treatment decreased densities of DRD1 and DRD2 in a dose-dependent manner at all three bregma levels, especially in the high-dose Al group. Similarly, DRD1 and DRD2 expression in the striatum also exhibited dose dependency and statistically significant decreases were seen in the high-dose group, except in the striatum at bregma level - 1.34. These findings suggest that DR in the caudal striatum is more resistant to the effects of Al exposure than DR in the cortex or rostral striatum. In addition, our results suggest that disturbance of dopaminergic neurotransmission mediated by DRD1 and/or DRD2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of Al neurotoxicity. Human & Experimental Toxicology (2007) 26, 741 — 746
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoun Kim
- Department of Safety Evaluation, Biotoxtech Company, Chungbuk 363-883, Korea,
| | - Jungmin Nam
- Department of Public Health, Keimyung University, Taegu 704-701, Korea
| | - Kisok Kim
- Department of Public Health, Keimyung University, Taegu 704-701, Korea
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18
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Inbar R, Weiss R, Tomljenovic L, Arango MT, Deri Y, Shaw CA, Chapman J, Blank M, Shoenfeld Y. WITHDRAWN: Behavioral abnormalities in young female mice following administration of aluminum adjuvants and the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine Gardasil. Vaccine 2016:S0264-410X(16)00016-5. [PMID: 26778424 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the Editor-in-Chief due to serious concerns regarding the scientific soundness of the article. Review by the Editor-in-Chief and evaluation by outside experts, confirmed that the methodology is seriously flawed, and the claims that the article makes are unjustified. As an international peer-reviewed journal we believe it is our duty to withdraw the article from further circulation, and to notify the community of this issue. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Inbar
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 52621 Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 52621 Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ronen Weiss
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lucija Tomljenovic
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 52621 Ramat Gan, Israel; Neural Dynamics Research Group, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, 828 W. 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L8
| | - Maria-Teresa Arango
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 52621 Ramat Gan, Israel; Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota 111221, Colombia
| | - Yael Deri
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 52621 Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Christopher A Shaw
- Neural Dynamics Research Group, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, 828 W. 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L8
| | - Joab Chapman
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 52621 Ramat Gan, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 52621 Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Miri Blank
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 52621 Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 52621 Ramat Gan, Israel; Incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kip Chair for Research of Autoimmune Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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19
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Manikandan M, Gopal J, Chun S. Sonophysical cost effective rapid indigenous preparation of aluminium particles via exfoliation of aluminium foil. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03171d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonophysical cost effective rapid synthesis of Al particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Manikandan
- Department of Bioresource and Food Science
- Konkuk University
- Seoul 143-701
- Korea
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Bioresource and Food Science
- Konkuk University
- Seoul 143-701
- Korea
| | - Sechul Chun
- Department of Bioresource and Food Science
- Konkuk University
- Seoul 143-701
- Korea
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20
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Noremberg S, Bohrer D, Schetinger MRC, Bairros AV, Gutierres J, Gonçalves JF, Veiga M, Santos FW. Silicon Reverses Lipid Peroxidation but not Acetylcholinesterase Activity Induced by Long-Term Exposure to Low Aluminum Levels in Rat Brain Regions. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 169:77-85. [PMID: 26050237 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is the most widely distributed metal in the environment and is extensively used in daily life leading to easy exposure to human beings. Besides not having a recognized physiological role, Al may produce adverse effects through the interaction with the cholinergic system contributing to oxidative stress. The present study evaluated, in similar conditions of parenteral nutrition, whether the reaction of silicon (SiO2) with Al(3+) to form hydroxyaluminosilicates (HAS) reduces its bioavailability and toxicity through intraperitoneal administrations of 0.5 mg Al/kg/day and/or 2 mg Si/kg/day in Wistar rats. Al and Si concentrations were determined in rat brain tissue and serum. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were analyzed in the cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus, striatum, hypothalamus, and blood. An increase in the Al concentration was verified in the Al + Si group in the brain. All the groups demonstrated enhanced Si compared to the control animals. Al(3+) increased LPO measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in cerebellum and hippocampus, whereas SiO2 reduced it when compared with the control group. An increase of AChE activity was observed in the Al-treated group in the cerebellum whereas a decrease of this enzyme activity was observed in the cortex and hippocampus in the Al and Al + Si groups. Al and Si concentrations increased in rat serum; however, no effect was observed in blood TBARS levels and AChE activity. SiO2 showed a protective effect in the hippocampus and cerebellum against cellular damage caused by Al(3+)-induced lipid peroxidation. Thus, SiO2 may be considered an important protector in LPO induced by Al(3+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Noremberg
- Campus Itaqui, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650000, Brazil.
| | - Denise Bohrer
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Maria R C Schetinger
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - André V Bairros
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jessié Gutierres
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jamile F Gonçalves
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Marlei Veiga
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Francielli W Santos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, CEP 97500-970, Brazil
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21
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Kang S, Kim KH, Kim YC. A novel electroporation system for efficient molecular delivery into Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with a 3-dimensional microelectrode. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15835. [PMID: 26522846 PMCID: PMC4629139 DOI: 10.1038/srep15835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroporation is one of the most widely used transfection methods because of its high efficiency and convenience among the various transfection methods. Previous micro-electroporation systems have some drawbacks such as limitations in height and design, time-consuming and an expensive fabrication process due to technical constraints. This study fabricates a three dimensional microelectrode using the 3D printing technique. The interdigitated microstructure consisting of poly lactic acid was injected by a 3D printer and coated with silver and aluminum with a series of dip-coatings. With the same strength of electric field (V cm−1), a higher efficiency for molecular delivery and a higher cellular viability are achieved with the microelectrode than with a standard cuvette. In addition, this study investigates chemicophysical changes such as Joule heating and dissolved metal during electroporation and showed the micro-electroporation system had less chemicophysical changes. It was concluded that the proposed micro-electroporation system will contribute to genetic engineering as a promising delivery tool, and this combination of 3D printing and electroporation has many potential applications for diverse designs or systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongsu Kang
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Ho Kim
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeu-Chun Kim
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
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22
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Exley C, Mold MJ. The binding, transport and fate of aluminium in biological cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 30:90-5. [PMID: 25498314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium is the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust and yet, paradoxically, it has no known biological function. Aluminium is biochemically reactive, it is simply that it is not required for any essential process in extant biota. There is evidence neither of element-specific nor evolutionarily conserved aluminium biochemistry. This means that there are no ligands or chaperones which are specific to its transport, there are no transporters or channels to selectively facilitate its passage across membranes, there are no intracellular storage proteins to aid its cellular homeostasis and there are no pathways which evolved to enable the metabolism and excretion of aluminium. Of course, aluminium is found in every compartment of every cell of every organism, from virus through to Man. Herein we have investigated each of the 'silent' pathways and metabolic events which together constitute a form of aluminium homeostasis in biota, identifying and evaluating as far as is possible what is known and, equally importantly, what is unknown about its uptake, transport, storage and excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Matthew J Mold
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
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23
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Lari M, Lozano HJ, Busto N, Biver T, Leal JM, Ibeas S, Platts JA, Secco F, Garcia B. Stabilization of Al(iii) solutions by complexation with cacodylic acid: speciation and binding features. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:29803-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04717j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Representative structures of the aluminium/cacodylate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lari
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos
- Spain
| | | | - Natalia Busto
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos
- Spain
| | - Tarita Biver
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- 56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - José M. Leal
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos
- Spain
| | - Saturnino Ibeas
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos
- Spain
| | | | - Fernando Secco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- 56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Begoña Garcia
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos
- Spain
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24
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Exley C. Why industry propaganda and political interference cannot disguise the inevitable role played by human exposure to aluminum in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurol 2014; 5:212. [PMID: 25386158 PMCID: PMC4209859 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the aluminum age, it is clearly unpalatable for aluminum, the globe’s most successful metal, to be implicated in human disease. It is unpalatable because for approximately 100 years human beings have reaped the rewards of the most abundant metal of the Earth’s crust without seriously considering the potential consequences for human health. The aluminum industry is a pillar of the developed and developing world and irrespective of the tyranny of human exposure to aluminum it cannot be challenged without significant consequences for businesses, economies, and governments. However, no matter how deep the dependency or unthinkable the withdrawal, science continues to document, if not too slowly, a burgeoning body burden of aluminum in human beings. Herein, I will make the case that it is inevitable both today and in the future that an individual’s exposure to aluminum is impacting upon their health and is already contributing to, if not causing, chronic diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. This is the logical, if uncomfortable, consequence of living in the aluminum age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University , Stoke-on-Trent , UK
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25
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Shaw CA, Li D, Tomljenovic L. Are there negative CNS impacts of aluminum adjuvants used in vaccines and immunotherapy? Immunotherapy 2014; 6:1055-71. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of a common view that aluminum (Al) salts are inert and therefore harmless as vaccine adjuvants or in immunotherapy, the reality is quite different. In the following article we briefly review the literature on Al neurotoxicity and the use of Al salts as vaccine adjuvants and consider not only direct toxic actions on the nervous system, but also the potential impact for triggering autoimmunity. Autoimmune and inflammatory responses affecting the CNS appear to underlie some forms of neurological disease, including developmental disorders. Al has been demonstrated to impact the CNS at every level, including by changing gene expression. These outcomes should raise concerns about the increasing use of Al salts as vaccine adjuvants and for the application as more general immune stimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Shaw
- Neural Dynamics Research Group, 828 W. 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L8, Canada
| | - Dan Li
- Neural Dynamics Research Group, 828 W. 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L8, Canada
| | - Lucija Tomljenovic
- Neural Dynamics Research Group, 828 W. 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L8, Canada
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26
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Shugalei IV, Garabadzhiu AV, Ilyushin MA, Sudarikov AM. Some aspects of the effect of aluminum and its compounds on living organisms. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363213130082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Mot AI, Wedd AG, Sinclair L, Brown DR, Collins SJ, Brazier MW. Metal attenuating therapies in neurodegenerative disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 11:1717-45. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.11.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Hu C, Li J, Zhu Y, Bai C, Zhang J, Xia S, Li Y. Effects of Al on the splenic immune function and NE in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:194-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
Human activities have circumvented the efficient geochemical cycling of aluminium within the lithosphere and therewith opened a door, which was previously only ajar, onto the biotic cycle to instigate and promote the accumulation of aluminium in biota and especially humans. Neither these relatively recent activities nor the entry of aluminium into the living cycle are showing any signs of abating and it is thus now imperative that we understand as fully as possible how humans are exposed to aluminium and the future consequences of a burgeoning exposure and body burden. The aluminium age is upon us and there is now an urgent need to understand how to live safely and effectively with aluminium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK.
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30
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Shaw CA, Marler TE. Aluminum and the human diet revisited. Commun Integr Biol 2013; 6:e26369. [PMID: 24505503 PMCID: PMC3914913 DOI: 10.4161/cib.26369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns about aluminum (Al) exposure in the human diet have persisted for one century. We suggest that continued research would benefit from better reporting of environmental factors that are known to influence Al accumulation in plant organs that are consumed, focusing on subsets of the general public that exhibit the highest risk for neuropathological responses, increased evaluation of commercial processing procedures that may concentrate Al or other toxic substances, and designing studies with low dose, chronic exposure rather than further study of acute, brief exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Shaw
- University of British Columbia, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Science, Experimental Medicine, and Graduate Program in Neuroscience; Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Thomas E Marler
- Western Pacific Tropical Research Center; University of Guam; UOG Station; Mangilao, Guam USA
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31
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Viezeliene D, Beekhof P, Gremmer E, Rodovicius H, Sadauskiene I, Jansen E, Ivanov L. Selective induction of IL-6 by aluminum-induced oxidative stress can be prevented by selenium. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2013; 27:226-9. [PMID: 23219369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study the acute toxic effects of aluminum (Al) on mice have been investigated, including the interactions of Al and selenium (Se). Focus was put on the systemic effects of (co)exposure to Al and Se as a reflection of the redox status in the liver, kidney and brain. Short-term exposure (16 h) to Al resulted in an increase in the systemic inflammation parameters IL-6 and PAI-1, whereas serum levels of TNF-α remained unaffected. The different response pattern of IL-6 and TNF-α probably indicates an increased intracellular oxidative stress and altered redox status in the liver, because the selective increase in IL-6 serves as a protective intrahepatocellular process driven by oxidative stress. The intracellular glutathione concentration GSHtot decreased significantly upon Al exposure. Both the increase in IL-6 and decrease in glutathione status could be prevented by co-exposure to Se, but not the increase in PAI-1. The redox status of the kidney and brain was not markedly affected. Therefore it was concluded that short-term exposure to Al causes adverse effects on the intracellular oxidative stress processes in the liver, as reflected by the selective increase in the IL-6 concentration. This process can be restored by co-administration of the trace element Se as a part of the glutathione redox system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Viezeliene
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
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32
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Ayuob NN. Can vitamin E and selenium alleviate the immunologic impact of aluminium on pregnant rats’ spleens? Cell Immunol 2013; 284:104-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Schulze-Makuch D, Fairén AG, Davila A. Locally targeted ecosynthesis: a proactive in situ search for extant life on other worlds. ASTROBIOLOGY 2013; 13:674-678. [PMID: 23848472 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2013.0995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Viking landers conducted the only life-detection mission outside Earth nearly 40 years ago. We believe it is time to resume this proactive search for life and propose a new approach based on Locally Targeted Ecosynthesis (LoTE) missions: the engineering of local habitable hotspots on planetary surfaces to reveal any subdued biosphere and enhance the expression of its biological activity. LoTE missions are based on a minimum set of assumptions about life, namely, the need for liquid solvents, energy sources, and nutrients, and the limits imposed by UV and ionizing radiation. The most promising destinations for LoTE missions are Mars and Saturn's moon Titan. We describe two LoTE mission concepts that would enhance the unique environmental conditions on Mars and Titan to reveal a subdued biosphere easily detectable with conventional instruments by supplying biologically essential yet critically limited compounds and by engineering local habitable conditions.
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34
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Xu J, Campbell JM, Zhang N, Hickey WJ, Sahai N. Did mineral surface chemistry and toxicity contribute to evolution of microbial extracellular polymeric substances? ASTROBIOLOGY 2012; 12:785-798. [PMID: 22934560 PMCID: PMC4361159 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2011.0776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Modern ecological niches are teeming with an astonishing diversity of microbial life in biofilms closely associated with mineral surfaces, which highlights the remarkable success of microorganisms in conquering the challenges and capitalizing on the benefits presented by the mineral-water interface. Biofilm formation capability likely evolved on early Earth because biofilms provide crucial cell survival functions. The potential toxicity of mineral surfaces toward cells and the complexities of the mineral-water-cell interface in determining the toxicity mechanisms, however, have not been fully appreciated. Here, we report a previously unrecognized role for extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which form biofilms in shielding cells against the toxicity of mineral surfaces. Using colony plating and LIVE/DEAD staining methods in oxide suspensions versus oxide-free controls, we found greater viability of wild-type, EPS-producing strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 compared to their isogenic knockout mutant with defective biofilm-producing capacity. Oxide toxicity was specific to its surface charge and particle size. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images and assays for highly reactive oxygen species (hROS) on mineral surfaces suggested that EPS shield via both physical and chemical mechanisms. Intriguingly, qualitative as well as quantitative measures of EPS production showed that toxic minerals induced EPS production in bacteria. By determining the specific toxicity mechanisms, we provide insight into the potential impact of mineral surfaces in promoting increased complexity of cell surfaces, including EPS and biofilm formation, on early Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Geoscience and NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Jay M. Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nianli Zhang
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - William J. Hickey
- Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nita Sahai
- Department of Geoscience and NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Polymer Science and NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio
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35
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Effects of aluminum trichloride on the trace elements and cytokines in the spleen of rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2911-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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36
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Wu X, Li J, Hu JN, Deng ZY. The effects of glutamate and citrate on absorption and distribution of aluminum in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 148:83-90. [PMID: 22328308 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of glutamate (Glu) and citrate (Cit) on the absorption and distribution of aluminum in rats. In the in vitro experiment, 18 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (average weight of 250 ± 15 g) were randomly divided into three groups. The entire intestine was rapidly removed and cultured in prediction samples of 20 mmol AlCl(3), 20 mmol AlCl(3)+20 mmol Cit, and 20 mmol AlCl(3)+20 mmol Glu, respectively. Liquid in different intestines and the intestines were obtained for Al determination. In the in vivo chronic study, 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (average weight of 127 ± 10 g) were divided into four groups fed with the following diets: no Al and Glu added (control), AlCl(3) (1.2 mmol), AlCl(3) (1.2 mmol) + Cit (1.2 mmol), and AlCl(3) (1.2 mmol) + Glu (1.2 mmol) daily for 50 days, respectively. After rat sacrifice, blood samples were obtained for biochemical analyses, and organ samples like the brain, kidney, liver, and bone were rapidly taken for Al determination. The results showed that the absorption rate of Al with the following order: duodenum > jejunum > ileum in the in vitro study and the administration of AlCl(3)+Cit or AlCl(3)+Glu resulted in significant increases in Al absorption in the three parts of the gut (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) compared to the AlCl(3) alone group based on wet weight (P < 0.05). There were no differences between the AlCl(3)+Cit and AlCl(3)+Glu groups. In the in vivo chronic study, supplementing either AlCl(3) alone or AlCl(3)+Glu decreased food consumption significantly (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. Compared with the control group, animals fed with the AlCl(3) diet monitored for red blood cell, kidney, and liver showed a higher level (P < 0.05), but did not significantly increase Al retention in the brain and bone (P > 0.05); animals fed with AlCl(3)+Cit diets were monitored for higher Al retention in the brain, kidney, bone, and liver (P < 0.05), while animals fed with AlCl(3)+Glu diets were monitored for red blood cell, brain, and kidney (P < 0.05). Compared with the AlCl(3) group, simultaneous administration of AlCl(3) and Glu led to a significant increase in Al retention in red blood cell, brain, and kidney (P < 0.01) while AlCl(3) and Cit in the kidney and bone (P < 0.01). Simultaneous administration of AlCl(3) and Cit significantly increases plasma malondialdehyde level (P < 0.05); both simultaneous administration of AlCl(3) and Glu or AlCl(3) and Cit led to significant decreases in superoxide dismutase level in the plasma (P < 0.05), while AlCl3 alone did not. The results indicated that both Cit and Glu enhanced Al absorption in the intestine in vitro, and Glu increased Al deposition in red blood cell, brain, and kidney in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
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37
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Zhang M, Liu YQ, Ye BC. Mononucleotide-modified metal nanoparticles: an efficient colorimetric probe for selective and sensitive detection of aluminum(III) on living cellular surfaces. Chemistry 2012; 18:2507-13. [PMID: 22298346 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Lab of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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38
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Reflections upon and recent insight into the mechanism of formation of hydroxyaluminosilicates and the therapeutic potential of silicic acid. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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Suppressive effects of aluminum trichloride on the T lymphocyte immune function of rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 50:532-5. [PMID: 22198605 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) has increasingly been used in the daily life, and could cause the change of human health because it can accumulate in the organs. A rat model was thus used to examine potential effect of Al on the immune function. Forty male Wistar rats (5 weeks old) weighed 110-120 g were randomly allocated into four groups and were orally exposed to 0, 64.18, 128.36, and 256.72 mg/kg body weight aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) in drinking water for 120 days. The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocyte, acid non-specific activity esterase (ANAE+) in blood, and interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum were determined at the end of experiment. The results showed that the proportions of CD3+, CD4+ T lymphocyte, the ratio of CD4+/CD8+, and the levels of ANAE+, IL-2, and TNF-α were significantly reduced in AlCl3-treated rats, while the proportion of CD8+ T lymphocyte was increased in an AlCl3-dose dependent manner. Our findings indicate that a long term exposure of AlCl3 could suppress the T lymphocyte immune function of rats.
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40
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Singh M, Reynolds DL, Das KC. Microalgal system for treatment of effluent from poultry litter anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:10841-10848. [PMID: 21967714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The potential of mixotrophic microalgae to utilize poultry litter anaerobic digester (AD) effluent (PLDE) as nutritional growth medium was evaluated. Three algal strains viz. Chlorella minutissima, Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus bijuga and their consortium showed significant biomass productivity in 6% (v/v) concentration of PLDE in deionized water. Multiple booster dosage of PLDE supported better growth relative to a single dose PLDE. The maximum biomass productivity of 76 mg L(-1) d(-1) was recorded. The biomass was rich in protein (39% w/w) and carbohydrates (22%) while lipids (<10%) were low, making it most suitable as an animal feed supplement. The mixotrophic algae showed sustainable growth against variations in PLDE composition in different AD batches, thus proving to be a suitable candidate for large scale wastewater treatment with concomitant production of renewable biomass feedstock for animal feed and bioenergy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjinder Singh
- Biorefining and Carbon Cycling Program, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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41
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Genera Burkholderia and Lipomyces are predominant aluminum-resistant microorganisms isolated from acidic forest soils using cycloheximide-amended growth media. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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42
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Exley C. When an aluminium adjuvant is not an aluminium adjuvant used in human vaccination programmes. Vaccine 2011; 30:2042. [PMID: 22041301 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Lemire J, Appanna VD. Aluminum toxicity and astrocyte dysfunction: a metabolic link to neurological disorders. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:1513-7. [PMID: 22099161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) has been implicated in a variety of neurological diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms that enable Al to be involved in these disorders have yet to be fully delineated. Using astrocytes as a model of the cerebral cellular system, we have uncovered the biochemical networks that are affected by Al toxicity. In this review, we reveal how the inhibitory influence of Al on ATP production and on mitochondrial functions help generate globular astrocytes that are fat producing machines. These biological events may be the contributing factors to Al-triggered brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lemire
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6
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44
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Mailloux RJ, Lemire J, Appanna VD. Hepatic response to aluminum toxicity: dyslipidemia and liver diseases. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:2231-8. [PMID: 21787768 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is a metal toxin that has been implicated in the etiology of a number of diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, dialysis encephalopathy, and osteomalacia. Al has been shown to exert its effects by disrupting lipid membrane fluidity, perturbing iron (Fe), magnesium, and calcium homeostasis, and causing oxidative stress. However, the exact molecular targets of aluminum's toxicity have remained elusive. In the present review, we describe how the use of a systems biology approach in cultured hepatoblastoma cells (HepG2) allowed the identification of the molecular targets of Al toxicity. Mitochondrial metabolism is the main site of the toxicological action of Al. Fe-dependent and redox sensitive enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are dramatically decreased by Al exposure. In an effort to compensate for diminished mitochondrial function, Al-treated cells stabilize hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) to increase ATP production by glycolysis. Additionally, Al toxicity leads to an increase in intracellular lipid accumulation due to enhanced lipogenesis and a decrease in the β-oxidation of fatty acids. Central to these effects is the alteration of α-ketoglutarate (KG) homeostasis. In Al-exposed cells, KG is preferentially used to quench ROS leading to succinate accumulation and HIF-1α stabilization. Moreover, the channeling of KG to combat oxidative stress leads to a reduction of l-carnitine biosynthesis and a concomitant decrease in fatty acid oxidation. The fluidity and interaction of these metabolic modules and the implications of these findings in liver-related disorders are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Mailloux
- Laurentian University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Canada
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45
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Porous metallic structures for orthopaedic applications: a short review of materials and technologies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12570-010-0020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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46
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Exley C, Siesjö P, Eriksson H. The immunobiology of aluminium adjuvants: how do they really work? Trends Immunol 2010; 31:103-9. [PMID: 20153253 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium adjuvants potentiate the immune response, thereby ensuring the potency and efficacy of typically sparingly available antigen. Their concomitant critical importance in mass vaccination programmes may have prompted recent intense interest in understanding how they work and their safety. Progress in these areas is stymied, however, by a lack of accessible knowledge pertaining to the bioinorganic chemistry of aluminium adjuvants, and, consequently, the inappropriate application and interpretation of experimental models of their mode of action. The objective herein is, therefore, to identify the many ways that aluminium chemistry contributes to the wide and versatile armoury of its adjuvants, such that future research might be guided towards a fuller understanding of their role in human vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
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47
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Li X, Wang J, Sun L, Wang Z. Gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric assay for selective detection of aluminium cation on living cellular surfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009; 46:988-90. [PMID: 20107673 DOI: 10.1039/b920135a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A colorimetric assay based on pentapeptide (CALNN) functionalized gold nanoparticles exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity for detection of aluminium cation (Al(3+)) both in aqueous solution and on living cellular surfaces under physiological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
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48
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Anghileri LJ, Mayayo E, Domingo JL. Aluminum, calcium ion and radiofrequency synergism in acceleration of lymphomagenesis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2009; 31:358-62. [DOI: 10.1080/08923970802135336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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49
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Mugnaioli E, Natalio F, Schloßmacher U, Wang X, Müller WEG, Kolb U. Crystalline Nanorods as Possible Templates for the Synthesis of Amorphous Biosilica during Spicule Formation in Demospongiae. Chembiochem 2009; 10:683-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Exley C, Swarbrick L, Gherardi RK, Authier FJ. A role for the body burden of aluminium in vaccine-associated macrophagic myofasciitis and chronic fatigue syndrome. Med Hypotheses 2008; 72:135-9. [PMID: 19004564 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophagic myofasciitis and chronic fatigue syndrome are severely disabling conditions which may be caused by adverse reactions to aluminium-containing adjuvants in vaccines. While a little is known of disease aetiology both conditions are characterised by an aberrant immune response, have a number of prominent symptoms in common and are coincident in many individuals. Herein, we have described a case of vaccine-associated chronic fatigue syndrome and macrophagic myofasciitis in an individual demonstrating aluminium overload. This is the first report linking the latter with either of these two conditions and the possibility is considered that the coincident aluminium overload contributed significantly to the severity of these conditions in this individual. This case has highlighted potential dangers associated with aluminium-containing adjuvants and we have elucidated a possible mechanism whereby vaccination involving aluminium-containing adjuvants could trigger the cascade of immunological events which are associated with autoimmune conditions including chronic fatigue syndrome and macrophagic myofasciitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Exley
- Birchall Centre for Inorganic Chemistry and Materials Science, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
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