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Vilums M, Heuberger J, Heitman LH, IJzerman AP. Indanes--Properties, Preparation, and Presence in Ligands for G Protein Coupled Receptors. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:1097-126. [PMID: 26018667 DOI: 10.1002/med.21352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The indane (2,3-dihydro-1H-indene) ring system is an attractive scaffold for biologically active compounds due to the combination of aromatic and aliphatic properties fused together in one rigid system. This bicyclic structure provides a wide range of possibilities to incorporate specific substituents in different directionalities, thus being an attractive scaffold for medicinal chemists. Notably, many indane-based compounds are being used in the clinic to treat various diseases, such as indinavir, an HIV-1 protease inhibitor; indantadol, a potent Monoamine Oxidase (MAO)-inhibitor; the amine uptake inhibitor indatraline; and the ultra-long-acting β-adrenoceptor agonist indacaterol. Given the diversity of targets these drugs act on, one could argue that the indane ring system is a privileged substructure. In the present review, the synthetic and medicinal chemistry of the indane ring system is described. In more detail, it contains a comprehensive overview of compounds bearing the indane substructure with G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) activity, with particular emphasis on their structure-activity relationships (SAR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maris Vilums
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jules Heuberger
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura H Heitman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Reeves L, Adin C, McLoughlin M, Ham K, Chew D. Outcome after Placement of an Artificial Urethral Sphincter in 27 Dogs. Vet Surg 2012; 42:12-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2012.01043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Reeves
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Ohio State University; Columbus; OH
| | - Christopher Adin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Ohio State University; Columbus; OH
| | - Mary McLoughlin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Ohio State University; Columbus; OH
| | - Kathleen Ham
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Ohio State University; Columbus; OH
| | - Dennis Chew
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Ohio State University; Columbus; OH
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Khodari M, Souktani R, Le Coz O, Bedretdinova D, Figeac F, Acquistapace A, Lesault PF, Cognet J, Rodriguez AM, Yiou R. Monitoring of Erectile and Urethral Sphincter Dysfunctions in a Rat Model Mimicking Radical Prostatectomy Damage. J Sex Med 2012; 9:2827-37. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02905.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Gill BC, Moore C, Damaser MS. Postpartum stress urinary incontinence: lessons from animal models. EXPERT REVIEW OF OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY 2010; 5:567-580. [PMID: 21113428 PMCID: PMC2989536 DOI: 10.1586/eog.10.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is associated with chronic SUI in later life, which is 240% more likely to occur in women who deliver vaginally than those who did not. The etiology of SUI is multifactoral and has been associated with defects in both neuromuscular and structural components of continence. Specifically, clinical studies have demonstrated that pudendal nerve damage occurs during vaginal delivery, supporting the concept that neuromuscular damage to the continence mechanism can result in postpartum SUI. Urethral hypermobility and the loss of pelvic floor support, such as that involved in pelvic organ prolapse, have also been associated with SUI. Animal models provide an opportunity to investigate these injuries, individually and in combination, enabling researchers to gain further insight into their relative contributions to the development of SUI and the effectiveness of potential therapies for it. This article discusses the use of animal models of postpartum SUI in addition to the broad insights into treatment efficacy they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley C Gill
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Courtenay Moore
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Q10, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Margot S Damaser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, ND20, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Hou X, Ren J, Wang S, He L. Establishment of a High Expression of α1A Adrenergic Receptor Cell Membrane Chromatography-RPLC Method for Screening Target Components from Radix Caulophylli. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1723-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Novel 2-imidazoles as potent and selective α1A adrenoceptor partial agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2930-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Tsakiris P, de la Rosette JJ, Michel MC, Oelke M. Pharmacologic Treatment of Male Stress Urinary Incontinence: Systematic Review of the Literature and Levels of Evidence. Eur Urol 2008; 53:53-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2007.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Byron JK, March PA, Chew DJ, DiBartola SP. Effect of Phenylpropanolamine and Pseudoephedrine on the Urethral Pressure Profile and Continence Scores of Incontinent Female Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02927.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Perez DM. Structure-function of alpha1-adrenergic receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 73:1051-62. [PMID: 17052695 PMCID: PMC2034198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Revised: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Easson-Stedman hypothesis provided the rationale for the first studies of drug design for the alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor. Through chemical modifications of the catecholamine core structure, the need was established for a protonated amine, a beta-hydroxyl on a chiral center, and an aromatic ring with substitutions capable of hydrogen bonding. After the receptors were cloned and three alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor subtypes were discovered, drug design became focused on the analysis of receptor structure and new interactions were uncovered. It became clear that alpha(1)- and beta-adrenergic receptors did not share stringent homology in the ligand-binding pocket but this difference has allowed for more selective drug design. Novel discoveries on allosterism and agonist trafficking may be used in the future design of therapeutics with fewer side effects. This review will explore past and current knowledge of the structure-function of the alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne M Perez
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, NB5, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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McMurray G, Casey JH, Naylor AM. Animal models in urological disease and sexual dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 147 Suppl 2:S62-79. [PMID: 16465185 PMCID: PMC1751496 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several conditions associated with dysfunction of the lower urinary tract or which result in a reduction in the ability to engage in satisfactory sexual function and result in significant bother to sufferers, partners and/or carers. This review describes some of the animal models that may be used to discover safe and effective medicines with which to treat them. While alpha adrenoceptor antagonists and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors deliver improvement in symptom relief in benign prostatic hyperplasia sufferers, the availability of efficacious and well-tolerated medicines to treat incontinence is less well served. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) has no approved medical therapy in the United States and overactive bladder (OAB) therapy is limited to treatment with muscarinic antagonists (anti-muscarinics). SUI and OAB are characterised by high prevalence, a growing ageing population and a strong desire from sufferers and physicians for more effective treatment options. High patient numbers with low presentation rates characterizes sexual dysfunction in men and women. The introduction of Viagra in 1998 for treating male erectile dysfunction and the success of the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor class (PDE5 inhibitor) have indicated the willingness of sufferers to seek treatment when an effective alternative to injections and devices is available. The main value of preclinical models in discovering new medicines is to predict clinical outcomes. This translation can be established relatively easily in areas of medicine where there are a large number of drugs with different underlying pharmacological mechanisms in clinical usage. However, apart from, for example, the use of PDE5 inhibitors to treat male erectile dysfunction and the use of anti-muscarinics to treat OAB, this clinical information is limited. Therefore, current confidence in existing preclinical models is based on our understanding of the biochemical, physiological, pathophysiological and psychological mechanisms underlying the conditions in humans and how they are reflected in preclinical models. Confidence in both the models used and the pharmacological data generated is reinforced if different models of related aspects of the same disorder generate confirmatory data. However, these models will only be fully validated in retrospect once the pharmacological agents they have helped identify are tested in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon McMurray
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Kent CT13 9NJ
| | - James H Casey
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Kent CT13 9NJ
| | - Alasdair M Naylor
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Kent CT13 9NJ
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the absence of an effective and well tolerated drug for stress urinary incontinence, pharmacological therapy for this condition has remained in the off-label prescription of some products particularly estrogens and alpha-adrenergic agonists. In this review we provide an update of the most recent developments on the pharmacological therapy for stress urinary incontinence. RECENT FINDINGS In recent years studies have uncovered a role for central neurotransmitters in control of the lower urinary tract and specific targets for pharmacological intervention have been identified. Duloxetine inhibits presynaptic neuron reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, in the sacral spinal cord, increasing urethral closure forces and thereby reducing episodes of stress urinary incontinence. In clinical trials in women with stress urinary incontinence, duloxetine has demonstrated efficacy in reducing incontinence episodes and increasing quality of life with no serious adverse effects. Nausea was the most common adverse event, being reported as mild-to moderate in severity and transient in most of patients. SUMMARY Although estrogens produce some effects on the urethral epithelium and may be useful in patients with atrophic vaginitis, at present, there is no good evidence supporting its use in women with stress urinary incontinence. Alpha-adrenoreceptor agonists have been found to be effective in stress urinary incontinence, but the use of these drugs is limited due to some major safety concerns related to cardiovascular side effects. Duloxetine is a new selective norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitor that has proven efficacy for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Castro-Diaz
- Department of Urology, Canarias University Hospital, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
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Altenbach RJ, Khilevich A, Kolasa T, Rohde JJ, Bhatia PA, Patel MV, Searle XB, Yang F, Bunnelle WH, Tietje K, Bayburt EK, Carroll WA, Meyer MD, Henry R, Buckner SA, Kuk J, Daza AV, Milicic IV, Cain JC, Kang CH, Ireland LM, Carr TL, Miller TR, Hancock AA, Nakane M, Esbenshade TA, Brune ME, O'Neill AB, Gauvin DM, Katwala SP, Holladay MW, Brioni JD, Sullivan JP. Synthesis and Structure−Activity Studies on N-[5-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl]methanesulfonamide, an Imidazole-Containing α1A-Adrenoceptor Agonist. J Med Chem 2004; 47:3220-35. [PMID: 15163201 DOI: 10.1021/jm030551a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity studies were performed on the alpha(1A)-adrenoceptor (AR) selective agonist N-[5-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl]methanesulfonamide (4). Compounds were evaluated for binding activity at the alpha(1A), alpha(1b), alpha(1d), alpha(2a), and alpha(2B) subtypes. Functional activity in tissues containing the alpha(1A) (rabbit urethra), alpha(1B) (rat spleen), alpha(1D) (rat aorta), and alpha(2A) (rat prostatic vas deferens) was also evaluated. A dog in vivo model simultaneously measuring intraurethral pressure (IUP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was used to assess the uroselectivity of the compounds. Many of the compounds that were highly selective in vitro for the alpha(1A)-AR subtype were also more uroselective in vivo for increasing IUP over MAP than the nonselective alpha(1)-agonists phenylpropanolamine (PPA) (1) and ST-1059 (2, the active metabolite of midodrine), supporting the hypothesis that greater alpha(1A) selectivity would reduce cardiovascular side effects. However, the data also support a prominent role of the alpha(1A)-AR subtype in the control of MAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Altenbach
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6123, USA.
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Abstract
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the involuntary loss of urine associated with physical activities such as running, jumping, or lifting, or with sneezing and coughing. For many patients it can be a very bothersome symptom, causing social isolation, loss of self-esteem, and increased expenses. Although there is currently no single medication approved worldwide for the treatment of SUI, a variety of off-label agents are often prescribed. This paper reviews the current pharmacological treatment options for SUI, describing the mechanism of action, efficacy, and possible adverse effects of each. A new centrally-acting compound with dual activity as a balanced serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, duloxetine, may offer a promising new approach for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Viktrup
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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Altenbach RJ, Khilevich A, Meyer MD, Buckner SA, Milicic I, Daza AV, Brune ME, O'Neill AB, Gauvin DM, Cain JC, Nakane M, Holladay MW, Williams M, Brioni JD, Sullivan JP. N-[3-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]ethanesulfonamide (ABT-866, 1),(1) a novel alpha(1)-adrenoceptor ligand with an enhanced in vitro and in vivo profile relative to phenylpropanolamine and midodrine. J Med Chem 2002; 45:4395-7. [PMID: 12238918 DOI: 10.1021/jm025550h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
N-[3-(1H-Imidazol-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]ethanesulfonamide (ABT-866, 1) is a novel alpha(1) agent having the unique profile of alpha(1A) (rabbit urethra, EC(50) = 0.60 microM) agonism with alpha(1B) (rat spleen, pA(2) = 5.4) and alpha(1D) (rat aorta, pA(2) = 6.2) antagonism. An in vivo dog model showed 1 to be more selective for the urethra over the vasculature than A-61603 (2), ST-1059 (3, the active metabolite of midodrine), and phenylpropanolamine (4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Altenbach
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064, USA.
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