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Eggermont AM, Suciu S, Rutkowski P, Marsden J, Santinami M, Corrie P, Aamdal S, Ascierto PA, Patel PM, Kruit WH, Bastholt L, Borgognoni L, Bernengo MG, Davidson N, Polders L, Praet M, Spatz A. Adjuvant Ganglioside GM2-KLH/QS-21 Vaccination Versus Observation After Resection of Primary Tumor > 1.5 mm in Patients With Stage II Melanoma: Results of the EORTC 18961 Randomized Phase III Trial. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31:3831-7. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.47.9303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The GM2 ganglioside is an antigen expressed in the majority of melanomas. The GM2-KLH/QS-21 vaccine induces high immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibody responses. The EORTC 18961 trial compared the efficacy of GM2-KLH/QS-21 vaccination versus observation. Patients and Methods A total of 1,314 patients with a primary tumor > 1.50 mm in thickness (T3-4N0M0; American Joint Committee on Cancer stage II) were randomly assigned to GM2-KLH/QS-21 vaccination (n = 657) or observation (n = 657). Treatment consisted of subcutaneous injections once per week from week 1 to 4, then every 3 months for the first 2 years and every 6 months during the third year. Primary end point was relapse-free survival (RFS). Secondary end points were distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and overall survival (OS). Analyses were by intent to treat. Results After a median follow-up of 1.8 years, the trial was stopped at the second interim analysis for futility regarding RFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.00; P = .99) and detrimental outcome regarding OS (HR, 1.66; P = .02). After a median follow-up of 4.2 years, we had recorded 400 relapses, nine deaths without relapse, a total of 236 deaths. At 4 years, the vaccination arm showed a decreased RFS rate of 1.2% (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.25) and OS rate of 2.1% (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.51). Toxicity was acceptable, with 4.6% of patients ending study participation because of toxicity. Conclusion GM2-KLH/QS-21 vaccination does not improve outcome for patients with stage II melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M.M. Eggermont
- Alexander M.M. Eggermont, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris-Sud, and Université Paris-Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Stefan Suciu, Larissa Polders, and Michel Praet, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; Piotr Rutkowski, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Jeremy Marsden, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham; Philippa Corrie, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge; Poulam M. Patel,
| | - Stefan Suciu
- Alexander M.M. Eggermont, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris-Sud, and Université Paris-Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Stefan Suciu, Larissa Polders, and Michel Praet, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; Piotr Rutkowski, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Jeremy Marsden, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham; Philippa Corrie, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge; Poulam M. Patel,
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Alexander M.M. Eggermont, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris-Sud, and Université Paris-Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Stefan Suciu, Larissa Polders, and Michel Praet, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; Piotr Rutkowski, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Jeremy Marsden, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham; Philippa Corrie, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge; Poulam M. Patel,
| | - Jeremy Marsden
- Alexander M.M. Eggermont, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris-Sud, and Université Paris-Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Stefan Suciu, Larissa Polders, and Michel Praet, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; Piotr Rutkowski, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Jeremy Marsden, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham; Philippa Corrie, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge; Poulam M. Patel,
| | - Mario Santinami
- Alexander M.M. Eggermont, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris-Sud, and Université Paris-Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Stefan Suciu, Larissa Polders, and Michel Praet, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; Piotr Rutkowski, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Jeremy Marsden, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham; Philippa Corrie, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge; Poulam M. Patel,
| | - Philippa Corrie
- Alexander M.M. Eggermont, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris-Sud, and Université Paris-Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Stefan Suciu, Larissa Polders, and Michel Praet, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; Piotr Rutkowski, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Jeremy Marsden, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham; Philippa Corrie, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge; Poulam M. Patel,
| | - Steinar Aamdal
- Alexander M.M. Eggermont, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris-Sud, and Université Paris-Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Stefan Suciu, Larissa Polders, and Michel Praet, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; Piotr Rutkowski, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Jeremy Marsden, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham; Philippa Corrie, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge; Poulam M. Patel,
| | - Paolo A. Ascierto
- Alexander M.M. Eggermont, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris-Sud, and Université Paris-Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Stefan Suciu, Larissa Polders, and Michel Praet, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; Piotr Rutkowski, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Jeremy Marsden, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham; Philippa Corrie, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge; Poulam M. Patel,
| | - Poulam M. Patel
- Alexander M.M. Eggermont, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris-Sud, and Université Paris-Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Stefan Suciu, Larissa Polders, and Michel Praet, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; Piotr Rutkowski, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Jeremy Marsden, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham; Philippa Corrie, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge; Poulam M. Patel,
| | - Wim H. Kruit
- Alexander M.M. Eggermont, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris-Sud, and Université Paris-Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Stefan Suciu, Larissa Polders, and Michel Praet, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; Piotr Rutkowski, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Jeremy Marsden, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham; Philippa Corrie, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge; Poulam M. Patel,
| | - Lars Bastholt
- Alexander M.M. Eggermont, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris-Sud, and Université Paris-Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Stefan Suciu, Larissa Polders, and Michel Praet, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; Piotr Rutkowski, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Jeremy Marsden, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham; Philippa Corrie, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge; Poulam M. Patel,
| | - Lorenzo Borgognoni
- Alexander M.M. Eggermont, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris-Sud, and Université Paris-Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Stefan Suciu, Larissa Polders, and Michel Praet, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; Piotr Rutkowski, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Jeremy Marsden, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham; Philippa Corrie, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge; Poulam M. Patel,
| | - Maria Grazia Bernengo
- Alexander M.M. Eggermont, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris-Sud, and Université Paris-Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Stefan Suciu, Larissa Polders, and Michel Praet, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; Piotr Rutkowski, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Jeremy Marsden, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham; Philippa Corrie, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge; Poulam M. Patel,
| | - Neville Davidson
- Alexander M.M. Eggermont, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris-Sud, and Université Paris-Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Stefan Suciu, Larissa Polders, and Michel Praet, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; Piotr Rutkowski, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Jeremy Marsden, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham; Philippa Corrie, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge; Poulam M. Patel,
| | - Larissa Polders
- Alexander M.M. Eggermont, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris-Sud, and Université Paris-Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Stefan Suciu, Larissa Polders, and Michel Praet, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; Piotr Rutkowski, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Jeremy Marsden, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham; Philippa Corrie, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge; Poulam M. Patel,
| | - Michel Praet
- Alexander M.M. Eggermont, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris-Sud, and Université Paris-Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Stefan Suciu, Larissa Polders, and Michel Praet, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; Piotr Rutkowski, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Jeremy Marsden, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham; Philippa Corrie, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge; Poulam M. Patel,
| | - Alan Spatz
- Alexander M.M. Eggermont, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris-Sud, and Université Paris-Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Stefan Suciu, Larissa Polders, and Michel Praet, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; Piotr Rutkowski, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Jeremy Marsden, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham; Philippa Corrie, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge; Poulam M. Patel,
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