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Abdel-Gaber R, Hawsah MA, Al-Shaebi EM, Al-Otaibi T, Thagfan FA, Al-Quraishy S, Dkhil MA. Effect of biosynthesized nanoselenium using Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) leaf extracts against Eimeria papillata infection. Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:714-724. [PMID: 37083178 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is a protozoan parasitic disease affecting different animal species. Resistance has been reported for all available anticoccidial drugs. Recently, green synthesis of nanoparticles is considered a new therapeutic tool against this parasitic disease. The present work aimed to study the effect of biosynthesized nanoselenium from Azadirachta indica leaf extracts (BNS) against Eimeria papillata-induced infection in mice. The phytochemical analysis of leaf extracts contained 33 phytochemical components. The BNS was spherical with ⁓68.12 nm in diameter and an absorption peak at 308 nm via UV-spectra. The data showed that mice infected with E. papillata revealed the highest oocyst output on the 5th-day post-infection (p.i.). Infection also induced injury and inflammation of the mice jejunum. Treatment with BNS resulted in a 97.21% suppression for the oocyst output. The treated groups with BNS showed enhancement in feed intake as compared to the infected group. Histological examinations showed a significant reduction in the intracellular developmental Eimeria stages in the jejunal tissues of infected-treated mice of about 24.86 ± 2.38 stages/10 villous crypt units. Moreover, there was a significant change in the morphometry for Eimeria stages after the treatment with BNS. Infection induced a disturbance in the level of carbohydrates and protein contents in the infected mice which enhanced after treatment with BNS. In addition, BNS counteracted the E. papillata-induced loss of the total antioxidant capacity. Collectively, BNS is considered a promising anticoccidial and antioxidant effector and could be used for the treatment of coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysar Abu Hawsah
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam M Al-Shaebi
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Al-Otaibi
- Department of Science and Technology, Al-Nairiyah University College, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Felwa A Thagfan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Dkhil
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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Kumar S, Mulchandani V, Das Sarma J. Methanolic neem (Azadirachta indica) stem bark extract induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and inhibits the migration of cervical cancer cells in vitro. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:239. [PMID: 36088372 PMCID: PMC9463741 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer remains one of the significant causes of mortality in women due to the limitations of current treatment strategies and their associated side effects. Investigation of alternative medicine, including phytomedicine, has shown effective anti-cancer potential with fewer side effects. Azadirachta indica (commonly known as neem) is known for its medicinal properties. The present study investigated the anti-cancer potential of methanolic neem stem bark extract (MNBE) against cervical cancer using HeLa, SiHa, and ME-180 cell lines. Methods Cytotoxic effect of MNBE on cultured cell lines was evaluated by MTT and clonogenic assay. The growth-inhibiting effect of MNBE was further confirmed by performing cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assay using flow cytometry. The anti-migratory effect of MNBE was evaluated by using wound healing and Boyden chamber assay. Real-time PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression, and western blot and flow cytometry was used to determine the protein levels of growth and migration-related genes. Results MNBE significantly suppressed the growth and survival of cervical cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, the growth inhibitory effect of MNBE was specific to cervical cancer cells than normal cells. Cell cycle arrest was correlated to transcriptional downregulation of cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), cyclin A, and cyclin B. Additionally, MNBE treatment resulted in the upregulation of active caspase-3 protein and downregulation of prosurvival genes, Bcl2, and survivin at mRNA level and NFkB-p65 at the protein level. Furthermore, MNBE inhibited the migration of cervical cancer cells accompanied by modulation of migration-related genes, including zona occludens-1 (ZO-1), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), N-cadherin, snail, and E-cadherin. Conclusion In summary, the present study provides the first evidence of MNBE in restricting cervical cancer cell growth and migration, which warrants further investigation for developing novel anti-cancer drugs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03718-7.
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Mazumder S, Bindu S, De R, Debsharma S, Pramanik S, Bandyopadhyay U. Emerging role of mitochondrial DAMPs, aberrant mitochondrial dynamics and anomalous mitophagy in gut mucosal pathogenesis. Life Sci 2022; 305:120753. [PMID: 35787999 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gastroduodenal inflammation and ulcerative injuries are increasing due to expanding socio-economic stress, unhealthy food habits-lifestyle, smoking, alcoholism and usage of medicines like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In fact, gastrointestinal (GI) complications, associated with the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic, further, poses a challenge to global healthcare towards safeguarding the GI tract. Emerging evidences have discretely identified mitochondrial dysfunctions as common etiological denominators in diseases. However, it is worth realizing that mitochondrial dysfunctions are not just consequences of diseases. Rather, damaged mitochondria severely aggravate the pathogenesis thereby qualifying as perpetrable factors worth of prophylactic and therapeutic targeting. Oxidative and nitrosative stress due to endogenous and exogenous stimuli triggers mitochondrial injury causing production of mitochondrial damage associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs), which, in a feed-forward loop, inflicts inflammatory tissue damage. Mitochondrial structural dynamics and mitophagy are crucial quality control parameters determining the extent of mitopathology and disease outcomes. Interestingly, apart from endogenous factors, mitochondria also crosstalk and in turn get detrimentally affected by gut pathobionts colonized during luminal dysbiosis. Although mitopathology is documented in various pre-clinical/clinical studies, a comprehensive account appreciating the mitochondrial basis of GI mucosal pathologies is largely lacking. Here we critically discuss the molecular events impinging on mitochondria along with the interplay of mitochondria-derived factors in fueling mucosal pathogenesis. We specifically emphasize on the potential role of aberrant mitochondrial dynamics, anomalous mitophagy, mitochondrial lipoxidation and ferroptosis as emerging regulators of GI mucosal pathogenesis. We finally discuss about the prospect of mitochondrial targeting for next-generation drug discovery against GI disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Mazumder
- Department of Zoology, Raja Peary Mohan College, 1 Acharya Dhruba Pal Road, Uttarpara, West Bengal 712258, India
| | - Samik Bindu
- Department of Zoology, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736101, India
| | - Rudranil De
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal 700135, India
| | - Subhashis Debsharma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Saikat Pramanik
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Uday Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India; Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700091, India.
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4
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Choudhary P, Biswas S, Kandoth N, Tayde D, Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay S, Das A, Swarnakar S, Pramanik SK. Graphene quantum dots alleviate ROS-mediated gastric damage. iScience 2022; 25:104062. [PMID: 35359805 PMCID: PMC8961226 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the major sites for reactive oxygen species generation (ROS). Physiological ROS, lower than the threshold concentration, is beneficial for human physiology to preserve gut functional integrity. However, ROS generated in large quantities in presence of external stimuli overwhelms the cellular antioxidant defense mechanism and results in oxidative damage and associated physiological disorder. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are a class of carbon-based nanomaterials that have attracted tremendous attention not only for their tunable optical properties but also for their broad-spectrum antioxidant properties. In this report we have shown that GQDs are highly efficient in scavenging ROS and suppressing stress-induced gastric ulcers by targeting the MMP-9 pathway and reducing the inflammatory burden by suppressing excessive oxidative stress by inducing high caspase activity, overproduction of Bax, and downregulation of BCL2. The gastrointestinal tract is one of the major sites for ROS generation Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have broad-spectrum antioxidant properties GQDs scavenge the ROS and suppress gastric ulcers by targeting the MMP-9 pathway
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Affiliation(s)
- Preety Choudhary
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Sushama Biswas
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Noufal Kandoth
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata 741246, India
| | - Deepak Tayde
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Abhishek Chatterjee
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- BITS Pilani K K Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B, Bypass, Road, Zuarinagar, Sancoale, Goa 403726, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata 741246, India
| | - Snehasikta Swarnakar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Pramanik
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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5
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Sarkar L, Oko L, Gupta S, Bubak AN, Das B, Gupta P, Safiriyu AA, Singhal C, Neogi U, Bloom D, Banerjee A, Mahalingam R, Cohrs RJ, Koval M, Shindler KS, Pal D, Nagel M, Sarma JD. Azadirachta indica A. Juss bark extract and its Nimbin isomers restrict β-coronaviral infection and replication. Virology 2022; 569:13-28. [PMID: 35219218 PMCID: PMC8844965 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome pose a challenge for vaccine development and antiviral therapy. The antiviral efficacy of Azadirachta indica bark extract (NBE) was assessed against SARS-CoV-2 and m-CoV-RSA59 infection. Effects of in vivo intranasal or oral NBE administration on viral load, inflammatory response, and histopathological changes were assessed in m-CoV-RSA59-infection. NBE administered inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and m-CoV-RSA59 infection and replication in vitro, reducing Envelope and Nucleocapsid gene expression. NBE ameliorates neuroinflammation and hepatitis in vivo by restricting viral replication and spread. Isolated fractions of NBE enriched in Nimbin isomers shows potent inhibition of m-CoV-RSA59 infection in vitro. In silico studies revealed that NBE could target Spike and RdRp of m-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 with high affinity. NBE has a triterpenoids origin that may allow them to competitively target panoply of viral proteins to inhibit mouse and different strains of human coronavirus infections, suggesting its potential as an antiviral against pan-β-Coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucky Sarkar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, India
| | - Lauren Oko
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Soham Gupta
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew N Bubak
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Bishnu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, India
| | - Parna Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, India
| | - Abass Alao Safiriyu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, India
| | - Chirag Singhal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, India
| | - Ujjwal Neogi
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Bloom
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Arup Banerjee
- Laboratory of Virology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, and Translational Health Science & Technology Institute Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ravi Mahalingam
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Randall J Cohrs
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kenneth S Shindler
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Scheie Eye Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Debnath Pal
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Maria Nagel
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jayasri Das Sarma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, India; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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6
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Abiri R, Abdul-Hamid H, Sytar O, Abiri R, Bezerra de Almeida E, Sharma SK, Bulgakov VP, Arroo RRJ, Malik S. A Brief Overview of Potential Treatments for Viral Diseases Using Natural Plant Compounds: The Case of SARS-Cov. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133868. [PMID: 34202844 PMCID: PMC8270261 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the more general global increase in viral diseases, has led researchers to look to the plant kingdom as a potential source for antiviral compounds. Since ancient times, herbal medicines have been extensively applied in the treatment and prevention of various infectious diseases in different traditional systems. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential antiviral activity of plant compounds as effective and reliable agents against viral infections, especially by viruses from the coronavirus group. Various antiviral mechanisms shown by crude plant extracts and plant-derived bioactive compounds are discussed. The understanding of the action mechanisms of complex plant extract and isolated plant-derived compounds will help pave the way towards the combat of this life-threatening disease. Further, molecular docking studies, in silico analyses of extracted compounds, and future prospects are included. The in vitro production of antiviral chemical compounds from plants using molecular pharming is also considered. Notably, hairy root cultures represent a promising and sustainable way to obtain a range of biologically active compounds that may be applied in the development of novel antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rambod Abiri
- Department of Forestry Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; or
| | - Hazandy Abdul-Hamid
- Department of Forestry Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; or
- Laboratory of Bioresource Management, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (H.A.-H.); (V.P.B.); or (S.M.)
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Educational and Scientific Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Department of Plant Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 60, 01033 Kyiv, Ukraine;
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ramin Abiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6718773654, Iran;
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6718773654, Iran
| | - Eduardo Bezerra de Almeida
- Biological and Health Sciences Centre, Laboratory of Botanical Studies, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil;
| | - Surender K. Sharma
- Department of Physics, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India;
| | - Victor P. Bulgakov
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity (Institute of Biology and Soil Science), Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
- Correspondence: (H.A.-H.); (V.P.B.); or (S.M.)
| | - Randolph R. J. Arroo
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
| | - Sonia Malik
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Biological & Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), University of Orléans, 1 Rue de Chartres-BP 6759, 45067 Orleans, France
- Correspondence: (H.A.-H.); (V.P.B.); or (S.M.)
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7
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Bindu S, Mazumder S, Bandyopadhyay U. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and organ damage: A current perspective. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114147. [PMID: 32653589 PMCID: PMC7347500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 615] [Impact Index Per Article: 153.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the efficacy in reducing pain and inflammation, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are amongst the most popularly used medicines confirming their position in the WHO's Model List of Essential Medicines. With escalating musculoskeletal complications, as evident from 2016 Global Burden of Disease data, NSAID usage is evidently unavoidable. Apart from analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic efficacies, NSAIDs are further documented to offer protection against diverse critical disorders including cancer and heart attacks. However, data from multiple placebo-controlled trials and meta-analyses studies alarmingly signify the adverse effects of NSAIDs in gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, cerebral and pulmonary complications. Although extensive research has elucidated the mechanisms underlying the clinical hazards of NSAIDs, no review has extensively collated the outcomes on various multiorgan toxicities of these drugs together. In this regard, the present review provides a comprehensive insight of the existing knowledge and recent developments on NSAID-induced organ damage. It precisely encompasses the current understanding of structure, classification and mode of action of NSAIDs while reiterating on the emerging instances of NSAID drug repurposing along with pharmacophore modification aimed at safer usage of NSAIDs where toxic effects are tamed without compromising the clinical benefits. The review does not intend to vilify these 'wonder drugs'; rather provides a careful understanding of their side-effects which would be beneficial in evaluating the risk-benefit threshold while rationally using NSAIDs at safer dose and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samik Bindu
- Department of Zoology, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736101 India
| | - Somnath Mazumder
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Uday Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India; Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Rd, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054 India.
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8
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Aegle marmelos leaf juice as a complementary therapy to control type 2 diabetes – Randomised controlled trial in Gujarat, India. ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Saleem S, Muhammad G, Hussain MA, Bukhari SNA. A comprehensive review of phytochemical profile, bioactives for pharmaceuticals, and pharmacological attributes of Azadirachta indica. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1241-1272. [PMID: 29671907 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Azadirachta indica L. is a multipurpose medicinal tree of family Meliaceae. It occurs in tropical and semitropical regions of the world. Different parts of this miraculous tree are used to treat pyrexia, headache, ulcer, respiratory disorders, cancer, diabetes, leprosy, malaria, dengue, chicken pox, and dermal complications. The tree is popular for its pharmacological attributes such as hypolipidemic, antifertility, microbicidal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antipyretic, hypoglycemic, insecticidal, nematicidal, antiulcer, antioxidant, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and antileishmaniasis properties. A. indica is also rich in various phytochemicals for pharmaceuticals such as alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates. The fungicidal potential of the tree is due to the presence of azadirachtin and nimbin. Herein, we have compiled a comprehensive review of phytochemical profile, pharmacological attributes, and therapeutic prospective of this multipurpose tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, GC University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Gulzar Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, GC University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.,Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Sakakah, 2014, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Eichenseher J. Peptic Ulcer Disease. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Huang Q, Chen J, Liu C, Wang C, Shen C, Chen Y, Li Q. Curcumin and its two analogues improve oxidative stability of fish oil under long-term storage. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxian Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Chunjiang Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Chenghui Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yiyi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Qingyong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
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12
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Mazumder S, De R, Sarkar S, Siddiqui AA, Saha SJ, Banerjee C, Iqbal MS, Nag S, Debsharma S, Bandyopadhyay U. Selective scavenging of intra-mitochondrial superoxide corrects diclofenac-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and gastric injury: A novel gastroprotective mechanism independent of gastric acid suppression. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 121:33-51. [PMID: 27693316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used to treat multiple inflammatory diseases and pain but severe gastric mucosal damage is the worst outcome of NSAID-therapy. Here we report that mitoTEMPO, a mitochondrially targeted superoxide (O2-) scavenger protected as well as healed gastric injury induced by diclofenac (DCF), the most commonly used NSAID. Common existing therapy against gastric injury involves suppression of gastric acid secretion by proton pump inhibitors and histamine H2 receptor antagonists; however, dyspepsia, vitamin B12 deficiency and gastric microfloral dysbalance are the major drawbacks of acid suppression. Interestingly, mitoTEMPO did not inhibit gastric acid secretion but offered gastroprotection by preventing DCF-induced generation of O2- due to mitochondrial respiratory chain failure and by preventing mitochondrial oxidative stress (MOS)-mediated mitopathology. MitoTEMPO even restored DCF-stimulated reduced fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial depolarization and bioenergetic crisis in gastric mucosa. MitoTEMPO also prevented the activation of mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and MOS-mediated proinflammatory signaling through NF-κB by DCF. Furthermore, mitoTEMPO when administered in rats with preformed gastric lesions expedited the healing of gastric injury and the healed stomach exhibited its normal physiology as evident from gastric acid and pepsin secretions under basal or stimulated conditions. Thus, in contrast to the existing antiulcer drugs, mitochondrially targeted O2- scavengers like mitoTEMPO may represent a novel class of gastroprotective molecules that does not affect gastric acid secretion and may be used in combination with DCF, keeping its anti-inflammatory action intact, while reducing its gastrodamaging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Mazumder
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, West Bengal, India
| | - Rudranil De
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Sarkar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, West Bengal, India
| | - Asim Azhar Siddiqui
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, West Bengal, India
| | - Shubhra Jyoti Saha
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, West Bengal, India
| | - Chinmoy Banerjee
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, West Bengal, India
| | - Mohd Shameel Iqbal
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, West Bengal, India
| | - Shiladitya Nag
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhashis Debsharma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, West Bengal, India
| | - Uday Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, West Bengal, India.
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Sahoo SK, Sahoo HB, Priyadarshini D, Soundarya G, Kumar CK, Rani KU. Antiulcer Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Salvadora indica (W.) Leaves on Albino Rats. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:FF07-FF10. [PMID: 27790462 PMCID: PMC5071962 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/20384.8470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcer can be developed inside the inner lining of the stomach (gastric ulcer) or the small intestine (duodenal ulcer). Both the ulcers are also cumulatively referred as peptic ulcers. It affects nearly 10% of world population. AIM To investigate the antiulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Salvadora indica W. leaves (ESIL) on albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was carried by pylorus ligation, ethanol and cysteamine induced ulcer models in albino rats. The antiulcer activity of ESIL (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg p.o. for 7 days) was compared with standard drugs (Ranitidine). In pyloric ligation induced ulcer model, the studied parameters were gastric volume, pH, total acidity, free acidity, and ulcer index whereas in ethanol and cysteamine induced ulcer model, the ulcer index was determined for severity of ulcers. The parameters studied were ulcer index, gastric juice volume, pH, free acidity and total acidity. RESULTS In pyloric ligation model; the volume of gastric content, total/free acidity and pepsin activity was significantly decreased at p<0.05 and p<0.01 and pH of the gastric juice was significantly increased at p<0.05 and p<0.01 in ESIL treated groups as compared to control group. All the doses of ESIL showed dose dependent antiulcer effect as well as significant (p<0.05 and p<0.01) reduction in the ulcer index as compared to control group in all the experimental models. CONCLUSION The results of the study indicate that the ESIL have better potential against ulcer which supports the traditional claims in folklore medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Kumar Sahoo
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Sivani College of Pharmacy, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Himanshu Bhusan Sahoo
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, MKCG Medical College & Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - D. Priyadarshini
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Sri Sivani College of Pharmacy, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G. Soundarya
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Sri Sivani College of Pharmacy, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ch. Kishore Kumar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Sivani College of Pharmacy, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K. Usha Rani
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Sri Sivani College of Pharmacy, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Gastro protective and H+, K+-ATPase/H. pylori inhibitory properties of pectic polysaccharides from potato. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 84:385-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Sidahmed HMA, Hashim NM, Mohan S, Abdelwahab SI, Taha MME, Dehghan F, Yahayu M, Ee GCL, Loke MF, Vadivelu J. Evidence of the gastroprotective and anti- Helicobacter pylori activities of β-mangostin isolated from Cratoxylum arborescens (vahl) blume. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:297-313. [PMID: 26834460 PMCID: PMC4716727 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s80625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose β-Mangostin (BM) from Cratoxylum arborescens demonstrated various pharmacological activities such as anticancer and anti-inflammatory. In this study, we aimed to investigate its antiulcer activity against ethanol ulcer model in rats. Materials and methods BM was isolated from C. arborescens. Gastric acid output, ulcer index, gross evaluation, mucus production, histological evaluation using hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid–Schiff staining and immunohistochemical localization for heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and Bax proteins were investigated. Possible involvement of reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation, prostaglandin E2, antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes, radical scavenging, nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds, and anti-Helicobacter pylori were investigated. Results BM showed antisecretory activity against the pylorus ligature model. The pretreatment with BM protect gastric mucosa from ethanol damaging effect as seen by the improved gross and histological appearance. BM significantly reduced the ulcer area formation, the submucosal edema, and the leukocytes infiltration compared to the ulcer control. The compound showed intense periodic acid–Schiff staining to the gastric mucus layer and marked amount of alcian blue binding to free gastric mucus. BM significantly increased the gastric homogenate content of prostaglandin E2 glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds. The compound inhibited the lipid peroxidation revealed by the reduced gastric content of malondialdehyde. Moreover, BM upregulate HSP70 expression and downregulate Bax expression. Furthermore, the compound showed interesting anti-H. pylori activity. Conclusion Thus, it could be concluded that BM possesses gastroprotective activity, which could be attributed to the antisecretory, mucus production, antioxidant, HSP70, antiapoptotic, and anti-H. pylori mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Najihah Mohd Hashim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Firouzeh Dehghan
- Department of Exercise Science, Sports Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maizatulakmal Yahayu
- Department of Bioproduct Research and Innovation, Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | | | - Mun Fai Loke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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16
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Hwang IY, Jeong CS. Gastroprotective Activities of Sennoside A and Sennoside B via the Up-Regulation of Prostaglandin E2 and the Inhibition of H(+)/K(+)-ATPase. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:458-64. [PMID: 26336586 PMCID: PMC4556206 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sennoside A (erythro) and sennoside B (threo) are dianthrone glycosides and diastereomers. We investigated their abilities to prevent the gastric lesions associated with diseases, such as, gastritis and gastric ulcer. To elucidate their gastroprotective effects, the inhibitions of HCl•EtOH-induced gastritis and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers were assessed in rats. It was observed that both sennoside A and sennoside B increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels and inhibited H+/K+-ATPase (proton pump). In a rat model, both compounds reduced gastric juice, total acidity and increased pH, indicating that proton pump inhibition reduces gastric acid secretion. Furthermore, sennoside A and B increased PGE2 in a concentration-dependent manner. In a gastric emptying and intestinal transporting rate experiment, both sennoside A and sennoside B accelerated motility. Our results thus suggest that sennoside A and sennoside B possess significant gastroprotective activities and they might be useful for the treatment of gastric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Young Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 132-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon Sik Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 132-714, Republic of Korea
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17
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Singh R, Mishra V, Pandeti S, Palit G, Barthwal MK, Pandey HP, Narender T. Cytoprotective and Anti-secretory Effects of Azadiradione Isolated from the Seeds of Azadirachta indica
(neem) on Gastric Ulcers in Rat Models. Phytother Res 2015; 29:910-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Vaibhav Mishra
- Division of Pharmacology; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 Uttar Pradesh India
- Department of Biochemistry; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sukanya Pandeti
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Gautam Palit
- Division of Pharmacology; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Manoj K. Barthwal
- Division of Pharmacology; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Haushila Prasad Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Tadigoppula Narender
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 Uttar Pradesh India
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18
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Oloyede HO, Adaja MC, Ajiboye TO, Salawu MO. Anti-ulcerogenic activity of aqueous extract of Carica papaya seed on indomethacin-induced peptic ulcer in male albino rats. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2015; 13:105-14. [DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(15)60160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Fahmy HA, Ismail AFM. Gastroprotective effect of kefir on ulcer induced in irradiated rats. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 144:85-93. [PMID: 25728227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the protective effect of kefir milk on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in γ-irradiated rats. The results of the present study revealed that treatment with γ-irradiation and/or ethanol showed a significant increase in ulcers number, total acidity, peptic, H(+)K(+)ATPase, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities and MDA level, which were accompanied by a significant decrease in the mucus content, the stomach GSH level, the GSH-Px activity and DNA damage. Pre-treatment with kefir milk exert significant improvement in all the tested parameters. Kefir milk exerts comparable effect to that of the antiulcer drug ranitidine. In conclusion, the present study revealed that oral administration of kefir milk prevents ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in γ-irradiated rats that could attribute to its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and radio-protective activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan A Fahmy
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amel F M Ismail
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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20
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Li Q, Chen J, Luo S, Xu J, Huang Q, Liu T. Synthesis and assessment of the antioxidant and antitumor properties of asymmetric curcumin analogues. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 93:461-9. [PMID: 25728027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 12 asymmetric curcumin (CUR) analogues and 5 symmetric curcumin derivatives were synthesized, the antioxidant activity of these derivatives were evaluated by radicals 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay, ROO (TRAP) assay and O(2-) (NET) assay and anti-proliferative activities of these analogues were assessed against the human hepatoma cell line (SMMC-7721), the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and the human prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3). Most of the asymmetric compounds showed stronger antioxidant activities than Vitamin C (Vc). Curcumin analogues reducing free radicals contain two reaction mechanisms: H-atom and electron transfer mechanisms. Compound 14 showed the most significant antioxidant activity compared with curcumin and other derivatives. Shorted the carbon chain of 14 can reduce the O-H bond dissociation enthalpy (BED) to improve the antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of 25 was similar to curcumin. All of the compounds performed better in an anti-proliferate assay than curcumin, especially compound 25, which exhibited the preferential cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells(25, IC50 = 9.11 μM, curcumin, IC50 = 70.2 μM). Considering these data, future studies should be performed to assess the therapeutic values of these asymmetric curcumin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shuyue Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jialin Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Qiaoxian Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
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21
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Hongal S, Torwane NA, Pankaj G, Chandrashekhar B, Gouraha A. Role of unani system of medicine in management of orofacial diseases: a review. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:ZE12-5. [PMID: 25478474 PMCID: PMC4253292 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/8335.5018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent times, oral diseases have gained an importance and are considered as a major health problem worldwide. Oral cancer, dental caries, and periodontal diseases are among the most important global oral health problems. Although new treatments and technologies for dealing with them are plentiful, nonetheless more and more patients are now looking for simpler, gentler therapies for improving the quality of life and avoiding iatrogenic problems. Traditional medical systems are easily accessible, cheaper and relatively safer than other conventional medicines. The time tested herbal formulations indicated in Unani material medica have been proven effective and safe. The exploration and identification of various botanicals used in traditional and complementary medicine, may lead to development of novel preventive or therapeutic strategies for oral health. The present scientific evidence based review is focused on possible role of Unani system of medicines in the management of various orofacial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Hongal
- Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, People’s Dental Academy, People’s University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nilesh Arjun Torwane
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, People’s Dental Academy, People’s University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Goel Pankaj
- Professor, Head of the Department, Department of Public Health Dentistry, People’s Dental Academy, People’s University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - B.R Chandrashekhar
- Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, People’s Dental Academy, People’s University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Gouraha
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pthology, People’s Dental Academy, People’s University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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22
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Azadirachta indica attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:647131. [PMID: 25162019 PMCID: PMC4137610 DOI: 10.1155/2014/647131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of methanolic leaves extract of Azadirachta indica (MLEN, 500 mg/kg bwt) on cisplatin- (CP-) induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. CP (5 mg/kg bwt) was injected intraperitoneally and MLEN was given by gastric gavage for 5 days before or after CP injection. After 5 days of CP injection, CP-induced injury of the renal tissue was evidenced (i) as histopathological damage of the renal tissue, (ii) as increases in serum uric acid, urea, and creatinine, (iii) as increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), (iv) as decreases in the level of glutathione and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase, and (v) as increase in the expression of nuclear factor kappa B and apoptosis in kidney tissues. However, the oral administration of MLEN to CP-intoxicated rats for 5 days brought back MDA, NO production, and enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants to near normalcy. Moreover, the histological observations evidenced that neem extract effectively rescues the kidney from CP-mediated oxidative damage. Furthermore, PCR results for caspase-3 and caspase-9 and Bax genes showed downregulation in MLEN treated groups. Therefore, Azadirachta indica can be considered a potential candidate for protection of nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin.
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23
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Torwane NA, Hongal S, Goel P, Chandrashekar BR. Role of Ayurveda in management of oral health. Pharmacogn Rev 2014; 8:16-21. [PMID: 24600192 PMCID: PMC3931197 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.125518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases continue to be a major health problem world-wide. Oral health is integral to general well-being and relates to the quality-of-life that extends beyond the functions of the craniofacial complex. The standard Western medicine has had only limited success in the prevention of periodontal disease and in the treatment of a variety of oral diseases. Hence, the search for alternative products continues and natural phytochemicals isolated from plants used in traditional medicine are considered to be good alternatives to synthetic chemicals. The botanicals in the Ayurvedic material medica have been proven to be safe and effective, through several hundred to several thousand years of use. The exploration of botanicals used in traditional medicine may lead to the development of novel preventive or therapeutic strategies for oral health. The present scientific evidence based review is focused on the possible role of Ayurveda in the management of various orofacial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Arjun Torwane
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, People's Dental Academy, People's University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sudhir Hongal
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, People's Dental Academy, People's University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Goel
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, People's Dental Academy, People's University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - B R Chandrashekar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, People's Dental Academy, People's University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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24
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Oliveira FDA, Andrade LN, de Sousa EBV, de Sousa DP. Anti-ulcer activity of essential oil constituents. Molecules 2014; 19:5717-47. [PMID: 24802985 PMCID: PMC6290561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19055717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils have attracted considerable worldwide attention over the last few decades. These natural products have wide-ranging pharmacological activities and biotechnological applications. Faced with the need to find new anti-ulcer agents and the great effort on the development of drugs for the treatment of ulcers, in this review, the anti-ulcer activities of 21 bioactive compounds found in essential oils are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Nalone Andrade
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Farmácia, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
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Ethanolic Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaf Extract Prevents Growth of MCF-7 and HeLa Cells and Potentiates the Therapeutic Index of Cisplatin. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2014; 2014:321754. [PMID: 24624140 PMCID: PMC3929266 DOI: 10.1155/2014/321754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to gain insight into the antiproliferative activity of ethanolic neem leaves extract (ENLE) alone or in combination with cisplatin by cell viability assay on human breast (MCF-7) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cells. Nuclear morphological examination and cell cycle analysis were performed to determine the mode of cell death. Further, to identify its molecular targets, the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and drug metabolism was analyzed by RT-PCR. Treatment of MCF-7, HeLa, and normal cells with ENLE differentially suppressed the growth of cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner through apoptosis. Additionally, lower dose combinations of ENLE with cisplatin resulted in synergistic growth inhibition of these cells compared to the individual drugs (combination index <1). ENLE significantly modulated the expression of bax, cyclin D1, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP 1A1 and CYP 1A2) in a time-dependent manner in these cells. Conclusively, these results emphasize the chemopreventive ability of neem alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic treatment to reduce the cytotoxic effects on normal cells, while potentiating their efficacy at lower doses. Thus, neem may be a prospective therapeutic agent to combat gynecological cancers.
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Bindu S, Mazumder S, Dey S, Pal C, Goyal M, Alam A, Iqbal MS, Sarkar S, Azhar Siddiqui A, Banerjee C, Bandyopadhyay U. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug induces proinflammatory damage in gastric mucosa through NF-κB activation and neutrophil infiltration: anti-inflammatory role of heme oxygenase-1 against nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:456-467. [PMID: 23892052 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress (MOS) is an important prostaglandin (PG)-independent pathway of the induction of gastric mucosal injury. However, the molecular mechanism behind MOS-mediated gastric pathology is still obscure. In various pathological conditions of tissue injury oxidative stress is often linked with inflammation. Here we report that MOS induced by indomethacin (an NSAID) induces gastric mucosal inflammation leading to proinflammatory damage. Indomethacin, time dependently stimulated the expression of proinflammatory molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1(ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1(VCAM-1), interleukin1β (IL-1β), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in gastric mucosa in parallel with the increase of neutrophil infiltration and injury of gastric mucosa in rat. Western immunoblotting and confocal microscopic studies revealed that indomethacin induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in gastric mucosal cells, which resulted in proinflammatory signaling. The prevention of MOS by antioxidant tryptamine-gallic acid hybrid (SEGA) inhibited indomethacin-induced expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-1β, and MCP-1. SEGA also prevented indomethacin-induced NF-κB activation and neutrophil infiltration as documented by chromatin immunoprecipitation studies and neutrophil migration assay, respectively. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a cytoprotective enzyme associated with tissue repair mechanisms is stimulated in response to oxidative stress. We have investigated the role of HO-1 against MOS and MOS-mediated inflammation in recovering from gastropathy. Indomethacin stimulated the expression of HO-1 and indomethacin-stimulated HO-1 expression was reduced by SEGA, an antioxidant, which could prevent MOS. Thus, the data suggested that the induction of HO-1 was a protective response against MOS developed by indomethacin. Moreover, the induction of HO-1 by cobalt protoporphyrin inhibited inflammation and chemical silencing of HO-1 by zinc protoporphyrin aggravated the inflammation by indomethacin. Thus, NSAID by promoting MOS-induced proinflammatory response damaged gastric mucosa and HO-1 protected NSAID-induced gastric mucosal damage by preventing NF-κB activation and proinflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samik Bindu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Somnath Mazumder
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sumanta Dey
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Chinmay Pal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Manish Goyal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Athar Alam
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Mohd Shameel Iqbal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Sarkar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Asim Azhar Siddiqui
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Chinmoy Banerjee
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Uday Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
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Batista LM, de Almeida ABA, de Morais Lima GR, de Sousa Falcão H, de Pietro Magri L, Luiz-Ferreira A, dos Santos LC, Hiruma-Lima CA, Vilegas W, Souza Brito ARM. Gastroprotective effects (in rodents) of a flavonoid rich fraction obtained from Syngonanthus macrolepsis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 66:445-52. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Syngonanthus macrolepis, popularly known in Brazil as ‘sempre-vivas’, is a plant from the family Eriocaulaceae, it is found in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia. The species contains a variety of constituents, including flavonoids with gastroprotective effect. In this work, a flavonoid-rich fraction (Sm-FRF) obtained from scapes of S. macrolepis was investigated for preventing gastric ulceration in mice and rats.
Methods
The activity was evaluated in models of induced gastric ulcer (absolute ethanol, stress, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and pylorus ligation). The cytoprotective mechanisms of the Sm-FRF in relation to sulfhydryl (SH) groups, nitric oxide (NO) and antioxidant enzymes were also evaluated.
Key findings
The Sm-FRF (100 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced gastric injury in all models, and did not alter gastric juice parameters after pylorus ligation.
Conclusions
The results indicate significant gastroprotective activity for the Sm-FRF, which probably involves the participation of both SH groups and the antioxidant system. Both are integral parts of the gastrointestinal mucosa's cytoprotective mechanisms against aggressive factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leônia Maria Batista
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia do Trato Gastrintestinal, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Albino de Almeida
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gedson Rodrigues de Morais Lima
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia do Trato Gastrintestinal, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Heloina de Sousa Falcão
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia do Trato Gastrintestinal, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana de Pietro Magri
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson Luiz-Ferreira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Campaner dos Santos
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Clélia Akiko Hiruma-Lima
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Alba Regina Monteiro Souza Brito
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Prakash Gupta RK, Pradeepa, Hanumanthappa M. In vitro antioxidant and H(+), K(+)-ATPase inhibition activities of Acalypha wilkesiana foliage extract. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2013; 5:214-23. [PMID: 24082698 PMCID: PMC3778591 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.116822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activty and anti-acid property of Acalypha wilkesiana foliage extract. Materials and Methods: Hot and cold aqueous extracts were prepared from healthy leaves of A. wilkesiana. Free radical scavenging activity and H+, K+-ATPase inhibition activities of aqueous foliage extracts was screened by in vitro models. Statistical Analysis Used: All experiments were performed in triplicate and results are expressed as mean ± SEM. Results: A. wilkesiana hot aqueous extract (AWHE) showed significant antioxidants and free radical scavenging activity. Further, AWHE has shown a potent H+, K+-ATPase inhibitory activity (IC50: 51.5 ± 0.28 μg/ml) when compare to standard proton pump inhibitor omeprazole (56.2 ± 0.64 μg/ml); however, latter activity is equal to A. wilkesiana cold aqueous extract (AWCE). Quantitative analysis of AWHE has revealed more content of phenols and flavonoids; this is found to be the reason for good antioxidant activity over AWCE. Molecular docking was carried out against H+, K+-ATPase enzyme crystal structure to validate the anti-acid activity of A. wilkesiana major phytochemicals. Conclusions: The present study indicates that the constituents of AWHE and AWCE have good antacid and free radical scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kashi Prakash Gupta
- Department of PG Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jnanasahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, India
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Tjandrawinata RR, Nailufar F, Arifin PF. Hydrogen potassium adenosine triphosphatase activity inhibition and downregulation of its expression by bioactive fraction DLBS2411 from Cinnamomum burmannii in gastric parietal cells. Int J Gen Med 2013; 6:807-15. [PMID: 24101879 PMCID: PMC3790889 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s50134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the gastric acid antisecretory effect of DLBS2411 fractionated from Cinnamomum burmannii. Hydrogen potassium adenosine triphosphatase (H+/K+ ATPase) activity and its gene expression were observed, and the antioxidant activity of DLBS2411 was also investigated. Treatment of DLBS2411 decreased the level of H+/K+ ATPase messenger RNA expression on human embryonic kidney 293 cells and rat gastric parietal cells in a dose-dependent manner, in vitro and ex vivo. DLBS2411 also acted as a competitive inhibitor by showing inhibition in gastric H+/K+ ATPase activity at various pHs. In gastric ulcer animal models induced with indomethacin and ethanol, DLBS2411showed a reduction in the number of petechiae, suggesting that the fraction also confers gastroprotective activity. Moreover, DLBS2411 was also found to have potent antioxidant activity. Taken together, DLBS2411 is a promising novel agent for the management of dyspepsia, a condition of hyperacidity and diseases in the stomach requiring gastroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond R Tjandrawinata
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology, Dexa Medica, Cikarang, Indonesia ; Section of Animal Pharmacology, Dexa Medica, Cikarang, Indonesia
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Development of bioanalytical parameters for standardization of Azadiracta indica. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2305-0500(13)60133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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31
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Pal C, Sarkar S, Mazumder S, Adhikari S, Bandyopadhyay U. Synthesis and biological evaluation of primaquine–chloroquine twin drug: a novel heme-interacting molecule prevents free heme and hydroxyl radical-mediated protein degradation. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00019b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Rifat uz Zaman, Akhtar MS, Khan MS. Anti-ulcer activity of NS-EA 51 – A fraction of Nigella sativa seed, in histamine plus pylorus-ligated and hypothermia plus restrain stressed rat models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jopr.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hisam EEA, Zakaria ZA, Mohtaruddin N, Rofiee MS, Hamid HA, Othman F. Antiulcer activity of the chloroform extract of Bauhinia purpurea leaf. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:1498-1507. [PMID: 22954284 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.685945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bauhinia purpurea L. (Fabaceae) is a native plant species of many Asian countries, including Malaysia and India. In India, the root, stem, bark, and leaf of B. purpurea are used to treat various ailments, including ulcers and stomach cancer. OBJECTIVE In an attempt to establish its pharmacological potential, we studied the antiulcer activity of lipid-soluble extract of B. purpurea obtained via extraction of air-dried leaves using chloroform. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were administered the chloroform extract (dose range of 100-1000 mg/kg) orally after 24 h fasting. They were subjected to the absolute ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer, and pyloric ligation assays after 30 min. The acute toxicity study was conducted using a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg extract and the rats were observed for the period of 14 days. omeprazole (30 mg/kg) was used as the standard control. RESULTS At 5000 mg/kg, the extract produced no sign of toxicity in rats. The extract exhibited significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent antiulcer activity for the ethanol-induced model. The extract also significantly (p < 0.05) increased the gastric wall mucus production and pH of gastric content, while significantly (p < 0.05) reducing the total volume and total acidity of the gastric content in the pylorus ligation assay. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The extract possesses antiulcer, antisecretory and cytoprotective activities, which could be attributed to its flavonoid and tannin content. These findings provide new information regarding the potential of lipid-soluble compounds of B. purpurea for the prevention and treatment of gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly Ezlinda Abdul Hisam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA , Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Nariya MB, Shukla VJ, Ravishankar B, Jain SM. Comparison of Gastroprotective Effects of Triphala Formulations on Stress-induced Ulcer in Rats. Indian J Pharm Sci 2012; 73:682-7. [PMID: 23112406 PMCID: PMC3480757 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Triphala is categorized as rejuvenator and traditionally been used in various gastric disorders including intestinal inflammation. The aim of present study was to examine the comparative gastroprotective effects of Triphala formulations against experimental gastric ulcer in rats to substantiate its traditional claim. Gastric ulcer was induced by water immersion plus stress-induced ulcers in rats. The drug effects were assessed by studying macroscopic gross injury and stomach tissue biochemical parameters. Triphala unequal formulation and Chinnodbhavadi kwath showed significant antiulcer activity and this is evident from reduction of ulcer index, lipid peroxidation and hydroxyl radical levels and concomitantly raised levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Though similar kind of activity was observed in Triphala equal formulation the magnitude was much less. Further, Chinnodbhavadi kwath significantly increased the glutathione and ATPase level but Triphala equal formulation significantly increased glutathione level only. Based on the data generated, it is suggested that among the three formulations studied, Chinnodbhavadi kwath and Triphala unequal formulations provides significant protection in gastric ulcer as compared to Triphala equal formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Nariya
- Department of Pharmacology, Ayurveda Contraceptive Drug Research Institute (CCRAS), Ahmedabad-380 016, India
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35
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Jayaram S, Dharmesh SM. Gastric H+, K+-ATPase Inhibition, and Antioxidant Properties of Selected Commonly Consumed Vegetable Sources. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2011.581776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Jayaram
- a Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition , Central Food Technological Research Institute , Mysore , Karnataka , India
| | - Shylaja M. Dharmesh
- a Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition , Central Food Technological Research Institute , Mysore , Karnataka , India
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de Morais Lima GR, de Albuquerque Montenegro C, de Sousa Falcão H, de Jesus NZT, Cabral AGS, Gomes IF, Agra MDF, Tavares JF, Batista LM. Gastroprotective activity of the ethanolic extract and hexane phase of Combretum duarteanum Cambess. (Combretaceae). J Nat Med 2012; 67:492-502. [PMID: 22983657 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0706-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Combretum duarteanum Cambess. is found in South America, particularly in Bolivia, Paraguay, and Brazil. In Paraiba state (Brazil), the species usually occurs in the Caatinga biome. It is popularly known as mofumbo, cipiúba, or cipaúba. This work aims to evaluate the gastroprotective activity and the cytoprotective mechanisms of the ethanolic extract (Cd-EtOHE) and hexane phase (Cd-HexP) obtained from the leaves of C. duarteanum. Doses at 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of Cd-EtOHE and Cd-HexP were tested in models of gastric ulcers induced by HCl/ethanol, absolute ethanol, stress, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and pylorus ligation in male rats or mice. Cd-EtOHE and Cd-HexP significantly reduced gastric injuries induced in all models. Cd-EtOHE and Cd-HexP did not alter gastric juice parameters such as pH, [H(+)], or volume after pylorus ligation. Cytoprotective mechanisms of Cd-EtOHE and Cd-HexP in relation to mucus, nitric oxide (NO), and sulfhydryl (SH) groups were evaluated. Neither product increased the mucus, and they both showed dependence on NO and SH groups to prevent gastric ulcer. Both Cd-EtOHE and Cd-HexP demonstrated gastroprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gedson Rodrigues de Morais Lima
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-970, Brazil
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Gastroprotective activity of carvacrol on experimentally induced gastric lesions in rodents. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 385:899-908. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Alam A, Haldar S, Thulasiram HV, Kumar R, Goyal M, Iqbal MS, Pal C, Dey S, Bindu S, Sarkar S, Pal U, Maiti NC, Bandyopadhyay U. Novel anti-inflammatory activity of epoxyazadiradione against macrophage migration inhibitory factor: inhibition of tautomerase and proinflammatory activities of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:24844-61. [PMID: 22645149 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.341321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is responsible for proinflammatory reactions in various infectious and non-infectious diseases. We have investigated the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of epoxyazadiradione, a limonoid purified from neem (Azadirachta indica) fruits, against MIF. Epoxyazadiradione inhibited the tautomerase activity of MIF of both human (huMIF) and malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum (PfMIF) and Plasmodium yoelii (PyMIF)) non-competitively in a reversible fashion (K(i), 2.11-5.23 μm). Epoxyazadiradione also significantly inhibited MIF (huMIF, PyMIF, and PfMIF)-mediated proinflammatory activities in RAW 264.7 cells. It prevented MIF-induced macrophage chemotactic migration, NF-κB translocation to the nucleus, up-regulation of inducible nitric-oxide synthase, and nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells. Epoxyazadiradione not only exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in vitro but also in vivo. We tested the anti-inflammatory activity of epoxyazadiradione in vivo after co-administering LPS and MIF in mice to mimic the disease state of sepsis or bacterial infection. Epoxyazadiradione prevented the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α when LPS and PyMIF were co-administered to BALB/c mice. The molecular basis of interaction of epoxyazadiradione with MIFs was explored with the help of computational chemistry tools and a biological knowledgebase. Docking simulation indicated that the binding was highly specific and allosteric in nature. The well known MIF inhibitor (S,R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid methyl ester (ISO-1) inhibited huMIF but not MIF of parasitic origin. In contrast, epoxyazadiradione inhibited both huMIF and plasmodial MIF, thus bearing an immense therapeutic potential against proinflammatory reactions induced by MIF of both malaria parasites and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athar Alam
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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Das SK, Roy C. The protective role of Aegle marmelos on aspirin-induced gastro-duodenal ulceration in albino rat model: a possible involvement of antioxidants. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:188-94. [PMID: 22626798 PMCID: PMC3371421 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.96452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Gastro duodenal ulcer is a common disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Several Indian medicinal plants have been traditionally and extensively used to prevent different diseases. In the present research studies, Bael fruit (Aegle marmelos (AM), family: Rutaceae) which are also called as Bilva in ancient Sanskrit was used as a herbal drug and its antioxidative role in aspirin- induced gastroduodenal ulceration in albino rat was evaluated using essential biochemical parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS Mucosal thickness (MT), ulcer index (UI), different biochemical parameters, such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured in all the groups, to study the possible involvement of antioxidants with gastroduodenal protection. RESULTS A significant decrease in MT, SOD and CAT activities and GSH level and a significant increase in UI, AST, ALT, and ALP activities and LPO level were observed in aspirin treated stomach and duodenum of albino rats. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment with AM fruit pulp extract for 14 consecutive days showed the reverse effects of aspirin suggesting gastro-duodenal protective and anti- ulcerogenic properties of AM through its antioxidant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamal K. Das
- Department of Physiology, Krishnath College, University of Kalyani, Berhampore, Murshidabad, India
| | - Chandan Roy
- Department of Physiology, Katwa College, University of Burdwan, P.O. Katwa, District. Burdwan, West Bengal, India
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Kumar D, Kumar A, Prakash O. Potential antifertility agents from plants: a comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 140:1-32. [PMID: 22245754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional medicines are practiced worldwide for regulation fertility since ancient times. This review provides a comprehensive summary of medicinal flora inhabitating throughout the world regarding their traditional usage by various tribes/ethnic groups for fertility regulation in females. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bibliographic investigation was carried out by analyzing classical text books and peer reviewed papers, consulting worldwide accepted scientific databases from the last six decades. Plants/their parts/extracts traditionally used for abortion, contraception, emmenagogue and sterilization purposes have been considered as antifertility agents. Research status of selected potential plant species has been discussed. Further, compounds isolated from plants with attributed fertility regulating potentials are also classified into three categories: (a) phytoconstituents with anti-implantation activity, (b) phytoconstituents with abortifacient activity and (c) phytoconstituents with contraceptive activity. RESULTS 577 plant species belonging to 122 families, traditionally used in fertility regulation in females, have been recorded, of which 298 plants have been mentioned as abortifacients (42%), 188 as contraceptives (31%), 149 as emmenagogues (24%), and 17 as sterilizers. Among 122 plant families, fabaceae constitutes 49.2%, asteraceae 40.98%, euphorbiaceae 19.7%, apiaceae 16.4%, poaceae 12.3%, labiateae 11.5%, and others in lesser proportion. Various plant parts used in fertility regulation include leaves (25%), roots (22%), fruits (15%), seeds (12%), stem/stem bark (37%), and flowers (4%). Some active compounds, isolated from about various plant species, have been reported to possess significant antifertility potential. CONCLUSION This review clearly indicates that it is time to increase the number of experimental studies to find out novel potential chemical entities from such a vast array of unexploited plants having traditional role in fertility regulation. Also, the mechanisms of action by which plant extracts and their active compounds exert antifertility effects remain to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Harynana, India.
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Ibrahim I, El-Sayed S, Abdel-Hakim S, Hassan M, Aziz N. Inhibition of endogenous CO by ZnPP protects against stress-induced gastric lesion in adult male albino rats. J Physiol Biochem 2012; 68:319-28. [PMID: 22247033 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-011-0143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) has been found to be produced in every living cell in a biochemical reaction catalyzed by heme-oxygenase (HO) enzyme which degrades heme into biliverdin, CO, and iron. Endogenous CO is not a waste product, but acts as a chemical messenger mediating and modulating many intracellular biochemical reactions that regulate physiological functions. This study was designed to investigate the effect of inhibition of endogenous CO production by zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), an HO inhibitor, on the gastric secretion and ulceration induced by cold-restraint stress (CRS) in adult male albino rats. Rats were pylorically ligated and divided randomly into the following groups (six rats each): control, ZnPP treated (50 μmol/kg/day, s.c. for 10 days), CRS, and stressed ZnPP treated groups. Blood samples were collected from the retro-orbital sinus of anesthetized rats for determination of CO concentration. We found that ZnPP pretreatment significantly decreased HO-1 level, CO level, and volume of gastric juice as compared to the control non-stressed rats. In the present study, ZnPP pretreatment proved to be protective against development of ulcerative lesions in CRS model as evidenced by reduction of the ulcer index, and this could be mediated through reduction of free and total acidity of gastric secretion and decreased lipid peroxidation but with significantly decreased gastric protective nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2) levels. In conclusion and according to our results, the protective effect of ZnPP on CRS-induced gastric ulcers despite of inhibition of endogenous CO could be attributed to the presence of zinc which is known to have a protective anti-ulcer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61111 Minia, Egypt
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Eichenseher J. Peptic Ulcer Disease. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-1793-8.00042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pal C, Bindu S, Dey S, Alam A, Goyal M, Iqbal MS, Sarkar S, Kumar R, Halder KK, Debnath MC, Adhikari S, Bandyopadhyay U. Tryptamine-gallic acid hybrid prevents non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastropathy: correction of mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibition of apoptosis in gastric mucosal cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:3495-509. [PMID: 22157011 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.307199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the gastroprotective effect of SEGA (3a), a newly synthesized tryptamine-gallic acid hybrid molecule against non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastropathy with mechanistic details. SEGA (3a) prevents indomethacin (NSAID)-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress (MOS) and dysfunctions in gastric mucosal cells, which play a pathogenic role in inducing gastropathy. SEGA (3a) offers this mitoprotective effect by scavenging of mitochondrial superoxide anion (O(2)(·-)) and intramitochondrial free iron released as a result of MOS. SEGA (3a) in vivo blocks indomethacin-mediated MOS, as is evident from the inhibition of indomethacin-induced mitochondrial protein carbonyl formation, lipid peroxidation, and thiol depletion. SEGA (3a) corrects indomethacin-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo by restoring defective electron transport chain function, collapse of transmembrane potential, and loss of dehydrogenase activity. SEGA (3a) not only corrects mitochondrial dysfunction but also inhibits the activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis by indomethacin. SEGA (3a) inhibits indomethacin-induced down-regulation of bcl-2 and up-regulation of bax genes in gastric mucosa. SEGA (3a) also inhibits indometacin-induced activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in gastric mucosa. Besides the gastroprotective effect against NSAID, SEGA (3a) also expedites the healing of already damaged gastric mucosa. Radiolabeled ((99m)Tc-labeled SEGA (3a)) tracer studies confirm that SEGA (3a) enters into mitochondria of gastric mucosal cell in vivo, and it is quite stable in serum. Thus, SEGA (3a) bears an immense potential to be a novel gastroprotective agent against NSAID-induced gastropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Pal
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
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44
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Bindu S, Pal C, Dey S, Goyal M, Alam A, Iqbal MS, Dutta S, Sarkar S, Kumar R, Maity P, Bandyopadhyay U. Translocation of heme oxygenase-1 to mitochondria is a novel cytoprotective mechanism against non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, apoptosis, and gastric mucosal injury. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:39387-402. [PMID: 21908612 PMCID: PMC3234763 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.279893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of action of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in mitochondrial oxidative stress (MOS)-mediated apoptotic tissue injury was investigated. MOS-mediated gastric mucosal apoptosis and injury were introduced in rat by indomethacin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Here, we report that HO-1 was not only induced but also translocated to mitochondria during gastric mucosal injury to favor repair mechanisms. Furthermore, mitochondrial translocation of HO-1 resulted in the prevention of MOS and mitochondrial pathology as evident from the restoration of the complex I-driven mitochondrial respiratory control ratio and transmembrane potential. Mitochondrial translocation of HO-1 also resulted in time-dependent inhibition of apoptosis. We searched for the plausible mechanisms responsible for HO-1 induction and mitochondrial localization. Free heme, the substrate for HO-1, was increased inside mitochondria during gastric injury, and mitochondrial entry of HO-1 decreased intramitochondrial free heme content, suggesting that a purpose of mitochondrial translocation of HO-1 is to detoxify accumulated heme. Heme may activate nuclear translocation of NF-E2-related factor 2 to induce HO-1 through reactive oxygen species generation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies indicated nuclear translocation of NF-E2-related factor 2 and its binding to HO-1 promoter to induce HO-1 expression during gastric injury. Inhibition of HO-1 by zinc protoporphyrin aggravated the mucosal injury and delayed healing. Zinc protoporphyrin further reduced the respiratory control ratio and transmembrane potential and enhanced MOS and apoptosis. In contrast, induction of HO-1 by cobalt protoporphyrin reduced MOS, corrected mitochondrial dysfunctions, and prevented apoptosis and gastric injury. Thus, induction and mitochondrial localization of HO-1 are a novel cytoprotective mechanism against MOS-mediated apoptotic tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samik Bindu
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Chinmay Pal
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sumanta Dey
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Manish Goyal
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Athar Alam
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Mohd. Shameel Iqbal
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Shubham Dutta
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Sarkar
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Pallab Maity
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Uday Bandyopadhyay
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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Arumugam S, Selvaraj SV, Velayutham S, Natesan SK, Palaniswamy K. Evaluation of anti-ulcer activity of Samanea saman (Jacq) merr bark on ethanol and stress induced gastric lesions in albino rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 43:586-90. [PMID: 22022006 PMCID: PMC3195133 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.84978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the antiulcer activity of Samanea saman (Jacq) Merr bark on ethanol and stress induced gastric lesions in albino rats. Materials and Methods: Gastric lesions were induced in rats by oral administration of absolute ethanol (5 ml/kg) and stress induced by water immersion. The antiulcer activity of methanolic extract of Samanea saman (Jacq) Merr bark (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg) was compared with standard drugs. The parameters studied were ulcer index, gastric juice volume, pH, free acidity and total acidity. Result: Samanea saman (Jacq) Merr showed a dose dependent curative ratio compared to ulcer control groups. The extract at 400 mg/kg showed significant anti ulcer activity which is almost equal to that of the standard drug in both models. The volume of acid secretion, total and free acidity was decreased and pH of the gastric juice was increased compared to ulcer control group. Conclusions: The present study indicates that Samanea saman (Jacq) Merr bark extracts have potential anti ulcer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Arumugam
- Department of Pharmacology, JKK Munirajah Medical Research Fountation College of Pharmacy, B. Komarapalayam, Namakkal (dt), Tamil Nadu, India
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Olaleye MT, Akinmoladun AC. Comparative gastroprotective effect of post-treatment with low doses of rutin and cimetidine in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 27:138-45. [PMID: 21812818 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2011.00972.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The anti-ulcerogenic potentials of low doses of rutin and cimetidine in ethanol-, acetic acid-, and stress-induced ulcers in rats have been evaluated and compared in this study. In each model, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (I-VI). Groups II-VI were administered 1 mL/100 g ethanol orally, 0.05 mL of 20% acetic acid submucosally or kept in a cold chamber for 6 h to induce ulcer in the ethanol-, acetic acid-, and stress-induced ulceration model, respectively. Thereafter, group III was post-treated with 300 mg/kg cimetidine and groups IV-VI with 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg rutin, respectively, while the control (group I) received distilled water in Tween 20. One hour after post-treatment, all groups were killed and the gastric ulcer index was calculated. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, vitamin C content, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were evaluated in the gastric mucosa of animals. Post-treatment with rutin significantly reduced ulcerogen-induced gastric damage in all models. This effect was significant at all dose levels compared with the ulcer-induced groups. Rutin significantly reduced the MDA levels but increased the vitamin C content and GPx activity. Ulcer index and MDA level were highest in the ethanol-induced ulcer model while vitamin C content and GPx activity were lowest in the stress-induced ulcer model. The study showed that all three models of ulceration appeared to be linked to oxidative stress and also ascribed significant anti-ulcerogenic potential to rutin especially at lower doses of 20-80 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Tolulope Olaleye
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria
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47
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Alam A, Goyal M, Iqbal MS, Bindu S, Dey S, Pal C, Maity P, Mascarenhas NM, Ghoshal N, Bandyopadhyay U. Cysteine-3 and cysteine-4 are essential for the thioredoxin-like oxidoreductase and antioxidant activities of Plasmodium falciparum macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:1659-68. [PMID: 21406224 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum macrophage migration inhibitory factor (PfMIF) exhibits thioredoxin (Trx)-like oxidoreductase activity but the active site for this activity and its function have not been evaluated. A bioinformatics search revealed that the conserved CXXC motif, which is responsible for Trx-like oxidoreductase activity, is absent from PfMIF. In contrast, the adjacent N-terminal Cys-3 and Cys-4 are conserved in MIF across species of malarial parasites. Mutation of either vicinal Cys-3 or Cys-4 of PfMIF abolished the Trx-like activity, whereas the mutation of the remaining Cys-59 or Cys-103 did not affect it. PfMIF has an antioxidant function. It prevents reactive oxygen species-mediated lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage of DNA as evident from DNA nicking assay. Interestingly, chemical modification of the vicinal cysteines by phenylarsine oxide (PAO), a specific vicinal thiol modifier, significantly prevented this antioxidant activity. Modification of Cys-3 and Cys-4 was confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy of peptide fragments obtained after cyanogen bromide digestion of PAO-modified PfMIF. Furthermore, mutation of either Cys-3 or Cys-4 of PfMIF resulted in the loss of both Trx-like oxidoreductase and antioxidant activities of PfMIF. Altogether, our results suggest that the vicinal Cys-3 and Cys-4 play a critical role in the Trx-like oxidoreductase activity and antioxidant property of PfMIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athar Alam
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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48
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Pal C, Bindu S, Dey S, Alam A, Goyal M, Iqbal MS, Maity P, Adhikari SS, Bandyopadhyay U. Gallic acid prevents nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastropathy in rat by blocking oxidative stress and apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:258-67. [PMID: 20406680 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced oxidative stress plays a critical role in gastric mucosal cell apoptosis and gastropathy. NSAIDs induce the generation of hydroxyl radical ((*)OH) through the release of free iron, which plays an important role in developing gastropathy. Thus, molecules having both iron-chelating and antiapoptotic properties will be beneficial in preventing NSAID-induced gastropathy. Gallic acid (GA), a polyphenolic natural product, has the capacity to chelate free iron. Here, we report that GA significantly prevents, as well as heals, NSAID-induced gastropathy. In vivo, GA blocks NSAID-mediated mitochondrial oxidative stress by preventing mitochondrial protein carbonyl formation, lipid peroxidation, and thiol depletion. In vitro, GA scavenges free radicals and blocks (*)OH-mediated oxidative damage. GA also attenuates gastric mucosal cell apoptosis in vivo as well as in vitro in cultured gastric mucosal cells as evident from the TUNEL assay. GA prevents NSAID-induced activation of caspase-9, a marker for the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, and restores NSAID-mediated collapse of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and dehydrogenase activity. Thus, the inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative stress by GA is associated with the inhibition of NSAID-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of apoptosis in gastric mucosal cells, which are responsible for gastric injury or gastropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Pal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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Sumbul S, Ahmad MA, Asif M, Saud I, Akhtar M. Evaluation of Myrtus communis Linn. berries (common myrtle) in experimental ulcer models in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 29:935-44. [PMID: 20197454 DOI: 10.1177/0960327110364154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of the dried berries of Myrtus communis L. in gastric ulcer against ethanol, indomethacin and pyloric ligation induced models in Wistar rats. Two doses of aqueous extracts of M. communis (AE( 1) and AE(2)) at the dose 105 and 175 mg/kg, respectively, and methanolic extracts (ME(1) and ME(2)) at the dose of 93 and 154 mg/kg, respectively, were administered orally to animals prior to the exposure of ulcerogens. The parameters taken to assess anti-ulcer activity were ulcer index, gastric juice volume, gastric pH, total acidity, gastric wall mucus and histopathological studies. Oral administration of AE(1) and AE(2) significantly reduced the ulcer index in all models of ulcers. Low dose of aqueous extract and high dose of methanolic extract of M. communis exhibited more significant effect in comparison to omeprazole (standard drug) in ethanol-induced ulcer model. Both the doses of aqueous and methanolic extracts also reduced the gastric juice volume, total acidity and increased the gastric pH and gastric wall mucus content in all the models of ulcers used in the present study. Histopathological examinations of gastric tissues of rats treated with the aqueous and methanolic extracts in indomethacin-induced ulcer exhibited significant ulcer-protective effect at both the dose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Sumbul
- Department of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), Faculty of Unani Medicine, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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50
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Hamad I, Erol-Dayi O, Pekmez M, Onay-Uçar E, Arda N. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Aphanes arvensis extracts. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 65:44-49. [PMID: 20108047 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-009-0151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to examine the free radical scavenging activity and the protective effects against macromolecular oxidation as well as the cytotoxic activity of Aphanes arvensis aqueous and methanolic extracts. Free radical scavenging activity was determined by DPPH method. The methanolic extract showed a scavenging activity nearly equivalent to Trolox and Vitamin C and has an IC(50) value of 4.54 microg/mL. Total antioxidant capacity was determined by CUPRAC method. The antioxidant capacity of aqueous and methanolic extract was 0.792 and 1.550 mmol TE/g DWE, respectively. The protective effect of A. arvensis extracts against lipid peroxidation was evaluated using a liposome oxidation system. The methanolic extract was more active than the aqueous extract. The aqueous extract possessed protective effect against protein oxidation in a dose dependent manner. Both extracts showed inhibitory effect on DNA oxidation as measured by plasmid relaxation assay. Results presented here indicate that A. arvensis possess strong antioxidant activity and protective effects with very little cytotoxic effect, and they can therefore be used as a natural additive in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Hamad
- Biochemistry Department, Upper Nile University, Khartoum, Sudan
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