1
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Pinto M, Carmo AM. CD6 as a therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases: successes and challenges. BioDrugs 2013; 27:191-202. [PMID: 23568178 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-013-0027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The transmembrane surface glycoprotein CD6 was one of the first antigens identified on T lymphocytes. The recognition of its involvement in T-cell signaling processes heralds the potential of CD6 as a target for therapy in a number of pathologies associated with imbalances in T-cell function. Its tissue distribution, cellular expression, and overall molecular structure are well described, and the interaction with its physiological ligand CD166 has been determined to the amino-acid level. Nevertheless, the involvement of CD6 in signaling pathways remains poorly characterized and its biological function is controversial; still unresolved are whether CD6 is a co-stimulatory molecule in T-cell activation or, similar to the related CD5 antigen, a modulator of intracellular signaling. Here we revisit the earliest attempts of modulating immune function using CD6 monoclonal antibodies, and review the current thinking behind the recent developments in immunotherapy targeting CD6. Notwithstanding the promises and hopes brought by monoclonals already in clinical trials, the fact is that very little is known about the mechanism of action of these reagents, whether they enhance the physiological role of the receptor or whether they may induce a completely novel biochemical response that might, nevertheless, be beneficially used to treat human immune pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Pinto
- Cell Activation and Gene Expression Group, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal
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2
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Bultmann I, Conradi A, Kretschmer C, Sterner-Kock A. Latent transforming growth factor β-binding protein 4 is downregulated in esophageal cancer via promoter methylation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65614. [PMID: 23741501 PMCID: PMC3669142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Latent transforming growth factor β-binding protein 4 (LTBP4) is an extracellular matrix molecule that is a member of important connective tissue networks and is needed for the correct folding and the secretion of TGF-β1. LTBP4 is downregulated in carcinomas of various tissues. Here we show that LTBP4 is also downregulated in adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus in vitro and in vivo. Re-expression of LTBP4 in esophageal cancer cell lines reduced cell migration ability, whereas cell viability and cell proliferation remained unchanged. Hypermethylation of the promoter regions of the two main human LTBP4 transcriptional forms, LTBP4L and LTBP4S, was found to be involved in LTBP4 silencing. Detailed investigations of the methylation patterns of the promoter regions of LTBP4L and LTBP4S identified GATA1, SP1, E2F4 and SMAD3 as potential transcription factors involved in LTBP4 expression. In in vitro transcription factor activity studies we discovered E2F4 as novel powerful regulator for LTBP4S expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa Bultmann
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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3
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Abstract
DNA microarray technology has become a powerful tool in the arsenal of the molecular biologist. Capitalizing on high-precision robotics and the wealth of DNA sequences annotated from the genomes of a large number of organisms, the manufacture of microarrays is now possible for the average academic laboratory with the funds and motivation. Microarray production requires attention to both biological and physical resources, including DNA libraries, robotics, and qualified personnel. Although the fabrication of microarrays is a very labor-intensive process, production of quality microarrays individually tailored on a project-by-project basis will help researchers shed light on future scientific questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjul Tiwari
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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4
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Moon JM, Lee SE, Min YI, Jung C, Ahn KY, Nam KI. Gene expression profiling of mouse aborted uterus induced by lipopolysac charide. Anat Cell Biol 2011; 44:98-105. [PMID: 21829753 PMCID: PMC3145848 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2011.44.2.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify genes that participate in the abortion process, normal pregnant uteri were compared to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced abortion uteri. At day 6 of pregnancy, mice were treated with LPS at various time points to induce an abortion. Total RNAs were applied to a cDNA microarray to analyze genes with altered expression. At the early stage (2 hours) of LPS-induced abortion, upregulated genes were mainly composed of immune responsive genes, including Ccl4, Ccl2, Cxcl13, Gbp3, Gbp2, Mx2, H2-Eb1, Irf1 and Ifi203. Genes related to toll-like receptor signaling were also overexpressed. At late stages of abortion (12-24 hours), many genes were suppressed rather than activated, and these were mainly related to the extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton, and anti-apoptosis. Altered expression of several selected genes was confirmed by real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that many known genes were altered in the LPS-treated pregnant uterus, implying that the molecular mechanisms of the genes involved in LPS-induced abortion are complicated. Further analysis of this expression profile will help our understanding of the pathophysiological basis for abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Mi Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institution of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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5
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Compérat E, Rouprêt M, Drouin SJ, Camparo P, Bitker MO, Houlgatte A, Cancel-Tassin G, Cussenot O. Tissue expression of IL16 in prostate cancer and its association with recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Prostate 2010; 70:1622-7. [PMID: 20687232 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphism located within the IL16 gene has been reported to be associated with aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). Our aim was to establish whether the tissue expression of IL16 is a prognostic factor of survival in PCa. METHODS The files of patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) between 1995 and 2001 were reviewed. The cases were selected and classified according to the D'Amico classification for risk of recurrence (intermediate or high). The value of IL16 and its receptor CCR5 (chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5) expression levels were determined as witness of aggressiveness patterns and markers of biological relapse in patients with PCa treated by RP. A tissue microarray of 304 cases was constructed. IL16 and CCR5 expression levels were characterized by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS IL16 expression was correlated with high Gleason score (i.e., >7) (P < 0.01). It was not significant for CCR5. IL16 and CCR5 were not associated with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or capsular extension of the disease. The accurate prediction of disease outcome, using stratification of cases, according to negative margins and D'Amico classification was significantly enhanced by status of IL16 expression (P ≤ 0.01). In univariate analyses, Gleason score, PSA level, stage and loss of IL16 expression were related to better biological-free survival (P < 0.05) but not CCR5. In a multivariate analysis, IL16 expression, Gleason score, and tumor stage were independent factors for biochemical-free survival (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS IL16 appears to be a useful prognostic factor in PCa. Its expression in PCa tissue was correlated to tumor aggressiveness and biochemical relapse of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Compérat
- ER2, University PMC Paris VI, CeRePP, Paris, France
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6
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Agrawal SM, Yong VW. The many faces of EMMPRIN - roles in neuroinflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2010; 1812:213-9. [PMID: 20674741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is a relatively immune-privileged organ, wherein a well-instated barrier system (the blood-brain barrier) prevents the entry of blood cells into the brain with the exception of regular immune surveillance cells. Despite this tight security immune cells are successful in entering the CNS tissue where they result in states of neuroinflammation, tissue damage and cell death. Various components of the blood-brain barrier and infiltrating cells have been examined to better understand how blood cells are able to breach this secure barrier. Proteases, specifically matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), have been found to be the common culprits in most diseases involving neuroinflammation. MMPs secreted by infiltrating cells act specifically upon targets on various components of the blood-brain barrier, compromising this barrier and allowing cell infiltration into the CNS. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is an upstream inducer of several MMPs and is suggested to be the master regulator of MMP production in disease states such as cancer metastasis. EMMPRIN in the context of the CNS is still relatively understudied. In this review we will introduce EMMPRIN, discuss its ligands and roles in non-CNS conditions that can help implicate its involvement in CNS disorders, showcase its expression within the CNS in healthy and disease conditions, elucidate its ligands and receptors, and briefly discuss the emerging roles it plays in various diseases of the CNS involving inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti M Agrawal
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clnical Neurosciences and Oncology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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7
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Grigoryev YA, Kurian SM, Nakorchevskiy AA, Burke JP, Campbell D, Head SR, Deng J, Kantor AB, Yates JR, Salomon DR. Genome-wide analysis of immune activation in human T and B cells reveals distinct classes of alternatively spliced genes. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7906. [PMID: 19936255 PMCID: PMC2775942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA is a mechanism that increases the protein diversity of a single gene by differential exon inclusion/exclusion during post-transcriptional processing. While alternative splicing is established to occur during lymphocyte activation, little is known about the role it plays during the immune response. Our study is among the first reports of a systematic genome-wide analysis of activated human T and B lymphocytes using whole exon DNA microarrays integrating alternative splicing and differential gene expression. Purified human CD2+ T or CD19+ B cells were activated using protocols to model the early events in post-transplant allograft immunity and sampled as a function of time during the process of immune activation. Here we show that 3 distinct classes of alternatively spliced and/or differentially expressed genes change in an ordered manner as a function of immune activation. We mapped our results to function-based canonical pathways and demonstrated that some are populated by only one class of genes, like integrin signaling, while other pathways, such as purine metabolism and T cell receptor signaling, are populated by all three classes of genes. Our studies augment the current view of T and B cell activation in immunity that has been based exclusively upon differential gene expression by providing evidence for a large number of molecular networks populated as a function of time and activation by alternatively spliced genes, many of which are constitutively expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniy A Grigoryev
- Department of Molecular & Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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8
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Sommer CA, Pavarino-Bertelli EC, Goloni-Bertollo EM, Henrique-Silva F. Identification of dysregulated genes in lymphocytes from children with Down syndrome. Genome 2008; 51:19-29. [PMID: 18356936 DOI: 10.1139/g07-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms by which trisomy of human chromosome 21 disrupts normal development are not well understood. Global transcriptome studies attempting to analyze the consequences of trisomy in Down syndrome (DS) tissues have reported conflicting results, which have led to the suggestion that the analysis of specific tissues or cell types may be more productive. In the present study, we set out to analyze global changes of gene expression in lymphocytes from children with trisomy 21 by means of the serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) methodology. Two SAGE libraries were constructed using pooled RNA of normal and Down syndrome children. Comparison between DS and normal profiles revealed that most of the transcripts were expressed at similar levels and functional classes of abundant genes were equally represented. Among the 242 significantly differentially expressed SAGE tags, several transcripts downregulated in DS code for proteins involved in T-cell and B-cell receptor signaling (e.g., PI3Kdelta, RGS2, LY6E, FOS, TAGAP, CD46). The SAGE data and interindividual variability were validated by real-time quantitative PCR. Our results indicate that trisomy 21 induces a modest dysregulation of disomic genes that may be related to the immunological perturbations seen in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar A Sommer
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis km 235, 13565-905, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Iacono KT, Brown AL, Greene MI, Saouaf SJ. CD147 immunoglobulin superfamily receptor function and role in pathology. Exp Mol Pathol 2007; 83:283-95. [PMID: 17945211 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2007.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 08/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The immunoglobulin superfamily member CD147 plays an important role in fetal, neuronal, lymphocyte and extracellular matrix development. Here we review the current understanding of CD147 expression and protein interactions with regard to CD147 function and its role in pathologic conditions including heart disease, Alzheimer's disease, stroke and cancer. A model linking hypoxic conditions found within the tumor microenvironment to upregulation of CD147 expression and tumor progression is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn T Iacono
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 252 John Morgan Building, 36th & Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
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10
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Schneider EM, Weiss M, Du W, Leder G, Buttenschön K, Liener UC, Brückner UB. MAPkinase gene expression, as determined by microarray analysis, distinguishes uncomplicated from complicated reconstitution after major surgical trauma. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1090:429-44. [PMID: 17384287 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1378.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Microarray expression analysis was performed in patients with major surgical trauma to identify signaling pathways which may be indicative for complicated versus uneventful reconstitution post trauma. In addition to a generalized upregulation of nonspecific stress response genes in all patients, a remarkable number of differences in gene expression patterns were found in individual patients. Some of the differing genes were associated with uncomplicated convalescence such as upregulation of both the ERK5 pathway (MAPK7 [mitogen-activated protein kinase-7]) and transcription factors which stimulate hematopoiesis and tissue reconstitution (MEF2, BMP-2, TNFRSF11A [RANK], and RUNX-1). Chemokine genes active in stem cell recruitment from the bone marrow as well as dendritic cell and natural killer (NK) cell maturation (SCYA14 [HCC-1]), and activators of the lymphoid compartment (TNFRSF7 [CD27], CD3zeta and perforin [PRF1]) were increased. In contrast, all these transcripts were downregulated in complicated reconstitution and later development of septic shock. Moreover, p38 kinase (MAPK14), S100 molecules, and members of the lipoxygenase pathway were associated with a more eventful outcome. Microarray expression studies are a promising tool for screening and then selecting differentially regulated genes in favorable as compared to complicated reconstitution post trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Marion Schneider
- Section of Experimental Anesthesiology, Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, University Clinic Ulm, Steinhoevelstrasse 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
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11
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Abstract
Advances in tumor immunology are supporting the clinical implementation of several immunological approaches to cancer in the clinical setting. However, the alternate success of current immunotherapeutic regimens underscores the fact that the molecular mechanisms underlying immune-mediated tumor rejection are still poorly understood. Given the complexity of the immune system network and the multidimensionality of tumor/host interactions, the comprehension of tumor immunology might greatly benefit from high-throughput microarray analysis, which can portrait the molecular kinetics of immune response on a genome-wide scale, thus accelerating the discovery pace and ultimately catalyzing the development of new hypotheses in cell biology. Although in its infancy, the implementation of microarray technology in tumor immunology studies has already provided investigators with novel data and intriguing new hypotheses on the molecular cascade leading to an effective immune response against cancer. Although the general principles of microarray-based gene profiling have rapidly spread in the scientific community, the need for mastering this technique to produce meaningful data and correctly interpret the enormous output of information generated by this technology is critical and represents a tremendous challenge for investigators, as outlined in the first section of this book. In the present Chapter, we report on some of the most significant results obtained with the application of DNA microarray in this oncology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mocellin
- Clinica Chirurgica II, Dipartimento di Scienze Oncologiche e Chirurgiche, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Italy.
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12
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Mocellin S, Bronte V, Nitti D. Nitric oxide, a double edged sword in cancer biology: Searching for therapeutic opportunities. Med Res Rev 2007; 27:317-52. [PMID: 16991100 DOI: 10.1002/med.20092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a pleiotropic molecule critical to a number of physiological and pathological processes. The last decade has witnessed major advances in dissecting NO biology and its role in cancer pathogenesis. However, the complexity of the interactions between different levels of NO and several aspects of tumor development/progression has led to apparently conflicting findings. Furthermore, both anti-NO and NO-based anticancer strategies appear effective in several preclinical models. This paradoxical dichotomy is leaving investigators with a double challenge: to determine the net impact of NO on cancer behavior and to define the therapeutic role of NO-centered anticancer strategies. Only a comprehensive and dynamic view of the cascade of molecular and cellular events underlying tumor biology and affected by NO will allow investigators to exploit the potential antitumor properties of drugs interfering with NO metabolism. Available data suggest that NO should be considered neither a universal target nor a magic bullet, but rather a signal transducer to be modulated according to the molecular makeup of each individual cancer and the interplay with conventional antineoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mocellin
- Department of Oncological and Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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13
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Pérez-Andres M, Almeida J, Martin-Ayuso M, Moro MJ, Martin-Nuñez G, Galende J, Hernandez J, Mateo G, San Miguel JF, Orfao A. Characterization of bone marrow T cells in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, multiple myeloma, and plasma cell leukemia demonstrates increased infiltration by cytotoxic/Th1 T cells demonstrating a squed TCR-Vβ repertoire. Cancer 2006; 106:1296-305. [PMID: 16475149 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.21746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of studies published to date regarding the role of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment in the pathogenesis of monoclonal gammopathies (MG) have focused on the interaction between stroma cells and plasma cells, whereas information concerning the lymphocytes infiltrating the tumor microenvironment is scanty. METHODS The authors measured the distribution, TCR-Vbeta repertoire, immunophenotype, and functional characteristics of different subsets of BM T lymphocytes from 61 nontreated patients with MG (30 patients with MG of undetermined significance [MGUS], 27 patients with multiple myeloma [MM], and 4 patients with plasma cell leukemia [PCL]). RESULTS The authors found a significantly increased rate of BM infiltration by T cells in all patient groups, at the expense of CD4+CD8- and CD4-CD8- T lymphocytes and both CD4+CD28- and CD8+CD28- cytotoxic/effector T cell subsets, and associated with TCR-Vbeta expansions in both CD4+ and CD8+ BM T cells in the majority of patients with MGUS, MM, and PCL. Moreover, the percentage of T cells secreting interferon (IFN)-gamma was found to be increased (P < or = 0.05) both in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in MGUS and MM patients, and a higher plasma concentration of IFN-gamma was found in patients with MM. It is interesting to note that a positive correlation was noted between the proportion of CD28- and both the percentage of IFN-gamma-secreting cells and the proportion of expanded TCR-Vbeta lymphocytes within the total BM CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study demonstrated an increased infiltration of BM by T cells associated with frequent TCR-Vbeta expansions and a more prominent cytotoxic/Th1 phenotype in all the patient groups studied.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
- Case-Control Studies
- Female
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Leukemia, Plasma Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Plasma Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Plasma Cell/pathology
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Male
- Multiple Myeloma/immunology
- Multiple Myeloma/metabolism
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Paraproteinemias/immunology
- Paraproteinemias/metabolism
- Paraproteinemias/pathology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pérez-Andres
- Cytometry Service, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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14
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Wilson KC, Cattel DJ, Wan Z, Rahangdale S, Ren F, Kornfeld H, Sullivan BA, Cruikshank WW, Center DM. Regulation of nuclear Prointerleukin-16 and p27Kip1 in primary human T lymphocytes. Cell Immunol 2005; 237:17-27. [PMID: 16289056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2005.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2005] [Revised: 08/12/2005] [Accepted: 09/06/2005] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Prointerleukin-16 (Pro-IL-16) is an abundant, PDZ domain-containing protein expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of resting human T lymphocytes. We have previously shown that ectopic expression of Pro-IL-16 in Pro-IL-16-negative human Jurkat cells represses transcription of the F-box protein, Skp2, resulting in accumulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p27(Kip1), and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. The current studies demonstrate the kinetics of Pro-IL-16 and p27(Kip1) expression in activated normal human T lymphocytes. We correlate nuclear Pro-IL-16 loss with decreased p27(Kip1) expression, increased cell cycle progression, and proliferation. Conversely, we show that constitutive expression of Pro-IL-16 by retroviral infection of activated human T lymphocytes induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, inhibits proliferation, and is associated with increased levels of p27(Kip1). These findings implicate nuclear Pro-IL-16 as a cell cycle regulatory protein for human T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Wilson
- The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Airik R, Kärner M, Karis A, Kärner J. Gene expression analysis of Gata3-/- mice by using cDNA microarray technology. Life Sci 2005; 76:2559-68. [PMID: 15769480 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2004] [Accepted: 10/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor Gata3 is implicated in the formation of autosomal dominant hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural deafness, and renal anomaly (HDR) syndrome. We pursued to identify the potential Gata3 target genes by profiling the gene expression pattern in E9.5 Gata3-/- mouse embryos. Altogether four independent microarray hybridizations were carried out on NIA Mouse15K cDNA arrays. We discovered two hundred and sixty one genes that are downregulated in Gata3 mutant embryos at E9.5 (with a minimal 2.0-fold change). The majority of the differentially expressed genes belong to two functional groups--genes involved in transcription regulation and cellular signaling. One of the genes discovered to be downregulated in Gata3 mutant embryos was tumor suppressor gene Disabled 2. The validity of this finding was checked by using the whole mount in situ hybridization technology. This study revealed that the sites, where Dab2 is downregulated in the mutant embryos partly overlap with the Gata3 expression domains, including the mid-embryo region, branchial arches and facio-acoustic (VII-VIII) neural crest complex. This is the first time when tumor supressor gene Dab2 is shown to be implicated in the defective phenotype of Gata3 mutant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rannar Airik
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
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16
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Ren F, Zhan X, Martens G, Lee J, Center D, Hanson SK, Kornfeld H. Pro-IL-16 Regulation in Activated Murine CD4+ Lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:2738-45. [PMID: 15728482 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.5.2738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prior DNA microarray studies suggested that IL-16 mRNA levels decrease following T cell activation, a property unique among cytokines. We examined pro-IL-16 mRNA and protein expression in resting and anti-CD3 mAb-activated primary murine CD4(+) T cells. Consistent with the microarray reports, pro-IL-16 mRNA levels fell within 4 h of activation, and this response is inhibited by cyclosporin A. Total cellular pro-IL-16 protein also fell, reaching a nadir at 48 h. Pro-IL-16 comprises a C-terminal cytokine domain and an N-terminal prodomain that are cleaved by caspase-3. Pro-IL-16 expressed in transfected tumor cells was previously shown to translocate to the nucleus and to promote G(0)/G(1) arrest by stabilizing the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1). In the present study, we observed increased S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 mRNA expression in IL-16 null mice, but basal expression and activation-dependent regulation of p27(Kip1) were no different from wild-type mice. Stimulation with anti-CD3 mAb induced transiently greater thymidine incorporation in IL-16-deficient CD4(+) T cells than wild-type controls, but there was no difference in cell survival or in the CFSE dilution profiles. Analysis of CD4(+) T cell proliferation in vivo using BrdU labeling similarly failed to identify a hyperproliferative phenotype in T cells lacking IL-16. These data demonstrate that pro-IL-16 mRNA and protein expression are dynamically regulated during CD4(+) T cell activation by a calcineurin-dependent mechanism, and that pro-IL-16 might influence T cell cycle regulation, although not in a dominant manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucheng Ren
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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17
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Rosengren AT, Nyman TA, Syyrakki S, Matikainen S, Lahesmaa R. Proteomic and transcriptomic characterization of interferon-?-induced human primary T helper cells. Proteomics 2005; 5:371-9. [PMID: 15700245 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200400967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) is a multifunctional cytokine that modulates immune response. In spite of the numerous comprehensive studies on the effects of IFN-alpha on various cell types, novel characteristics of this versatile agent emerge continuously. In the present study a differential proteomic approach was used to identify new IFN-alpha-regulated proteins in human primary CD4(+) T cells. Two IFN-alpha-inducible proteins, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein alpha (alpha-SNAP) and cleavage stimulation factor-64 (CstF-64) previously not described in this context, were identified. Additionally, several proteins already known as IFN-stimulated genes were observed. The results of proteomics experiments were further studied at the mRNA level using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Both peripheral blood and cord blood CD4(+) T cells were used in order to see if there are differences in IFN-alpha response between these populations. Differences were observed between the IFN-alpha-induced expression kinetics in peripheral blood and cord blood transcripts. The induction was more rapid in peripheral blood than in cord blood cells. CstF-64 expression was upregulated by IFN-alpha at the protein, but not at the mRNA level.
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MESH Headings
- Autoradiography
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Fetal Blood/immunology
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Interferon-alpha/genetics
- Interferon-alpha/pharmacology
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Kinetics
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Peptide Mapping
- Proteomics
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Silver Staining
- Solubility
- Soluble N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor Attachment Proteins
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Vesicular Transport Proteins/chemistry
- Vesicular Transport Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsi T Rosengren
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
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18
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Nagai H, Takei T, Tohyama C, Kubo M, Abe R, Nohara K. Search for the target genes involved in the suppression of antibody production by TCDD in C57BL/6 mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 5:331-43. [PMID: 15652763 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2004.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2004] [Revised: 10/04/2004] [Accepted: 10/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) suppresses antibody production through activation of a transcription factor, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). To explore the genes that are involved in the suppression of antibody production by TCDD, we investigated TCDD-induced changes in gene expression in the CD4 T cells and B cells of C57BL/6 mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) plus alum as an adjuvant. Changes in gene expression were analyzed with Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays. The results showed that OVA-immunization alone up-regulated expression levels of many genes in the CD4 T cells as early as 3 h after immunization, with 55 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated. At 24 h, 42 genes were found to be up-regulated and 30 down-regulated. Fewer genes were affected in the B cells than in the CD4 T cells. In contrast to the up-regulation of genes induced by immunization in the CD4 T cells, administration of TCDD to mice 3 h prior to the immunization mainly caused down-regulation of genes in the CD4 T cells when compared with immunization alone, with 1 being up-regulated and 4 down-regulated at 3 h after immunization and 3 up-regulated and 34 down-regulated at 24 h. In particular, at 3 and 24 h, TCDD suppressed expression of three and seven genes, respectively, that were up-regulated by immunization. Another characteristic of the TCDD-induced changes in gene expression was the suppression of many genes encoding proteins that are involved in GTP-binding protein-linked signaling in CD4 T cells. These results suggest that the inhibition of immunization-induced gene expression and modulation of G-protein-linked signaling in CD4 T cells are responsible for the TCDD-induced suppression of antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Nagai
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
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19
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Mocellin S, Wang E, Panelli M, Pilati P, Marincola FM. DNA array-based gene profiling in tumor immunology. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 10:4597-606. [PMID: 15269130 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in tumor immunology have fostered the clinical implementation of different immunotherapy modalities. However, the alternate success of such regimens underscores the fact that the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor immune rejection are still poorly understood. Given the complexity of the immune system network and the multidimensionality of tumor-host interactions, the comprehension of tumor immunology might greatly benefit from high-throughput DNA array analysis, which can portray the molecular kinetics of immune response on a genome-wide scale, thus accelerating the accumulation of knowledge and ultimately catalyzing the development of new hypotheses in cell biology. Although in its infancy, the implementation of DNA array technology in tumor immunology studies has already provided investigators with novel data and intriguing hypotheses on the cascade of molecular events leading to an effective immune response against cancer. Although the principles of DNA array-based gene profiling techniques have become common knowledge, the need for mastering this technique to produce meaningful data and correctly interpret this enormous output of information is critical and represents a tremendous challenge for investigators. In the present work, we summarize the main technical features and critical issues characterizing this powerful laboratory tool and review its applications in the fascinating field of cancer immunogenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mocellin
- Department of Oncological and Surgical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
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20
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Ramsborg CG, Windgassen D, Fallon JK, Paredes CJ, Papoutsakis ET. Molecular insights into the pleiotropic effects of plasma on ex vivo-expanded T cells using DNA-microarray analysis. Exp Hematol 2004; 32:970-90. [PMID: 15504553 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2004.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2004] [Revised: 06/15/2004] [Accepted: 07/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immunotherapy with ex vivo-expanded T cells depends on a large supply of biologically active cells. Understanding the effects of culture parameters is essential for improving cell expansion and efficacy. We used DNA-microarray and flow-cytometric analysis coupled with functional assays to investigate mechanistic aspects of plasma supplementation in ex vivo T-cell expansion. METHODS The effect of plasma supplementation on 18 primary T-cell cultures over a 15-day expansion was investigated. Transcriptional analysis of 5 samples was done with time points every 2 to 3 days throughout the 15-day expansion. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis was used to confirm selected microarray data. The expression of granzyme A and vimentin were analyzed using intracellular flow cytometry. T-cell functionality was assessed using a mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). RESULTS We show that the increased expansion of plasma-supplemented cultures of primary human T cells is mostly due to increased cell survival. T cells from plasma-supplemented cultures show higher expression of immunoglobulin genes, integrins, and genes of cytotoxic granules, suggesting a possible enhanced immune function. This was confirmed using a mixed leukocyte reaction and intracellular granzyme-A measurements. A distinct gene expression pattern was correlated to viability differences between plasma-supplemented and serum-free cultures. Ontological analysis of genes in this pattern suggests that the decreased viability of serum-free cultures correlates with higher expression of actin-cytoskeleton and lipid-metabolism genes. Vimentin was found to be expressed higher in serum-free cultures. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the observed decreased cytotoxicity of T cells cultured in serum-free media may be due to increased oxidative stress and cytoskeleton degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Ramsborg
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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21
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Wang HC, Montufar-Solis D, Teng BB, Klein JR. Maximum Immunobioactivity of Murine Small Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes Resides in a Subpopulation of CD43+ T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:6294-302. [PMID: 15528368 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.10.6294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD43 has been linked to many function-associated T cell activities. Using mAbs that recognize two different CD43 determinants, we show that, although mouse small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) expressed the CD43 core molecule reactive with mAb R2/60, only about one-half of the total IELs-including some but not all of the TCRalphabeta and TCRgammadelta cells-expressed the CD43 S7(-) reactive determinant. CD43 S7(+) IELs secreted more IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, and IFN-gamma following anti-CD3 stimulation, and were >4-fold more cytotoxic in fresh isolates and >16-fold more cytotoxic after anti-CD3 stimulation, than S7(-) IELs. S7(+) but not S7(-) IELs from the ileum of IL-10(-/-) mice spontaneously produced IFN-gamma. In vivo BrdU uptake by IELs in non-Ag-primed mice was greatest in the S7(+) population, indicating that significantly more S7(+) IELs than S7(-) IELs undergo cell expansion under normal homeostatic conditions. DNA microarray analyses showed that S7(+) IELs expressed higher levels of genes associated with activated T cells, whereas S7(-) IELs expressed genes used in the regulation of NK cells. These findings define two functionally distinct populations of IELs based on CD43 expression independent of TCR class, and they identify a subset of IELs that may serve as a target to better control intestinal inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Female
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-10/deficiency
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Intestinal Mucosa/cytology
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestine, Small/cytology
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Intestine, Small/metabolism
- Leukosialin
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods
- Protein Isoforms/biosynthesis
- Protein Isoforms/immunology
- Sialoglycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Sialoglycoproteins/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Up-Regulation/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Heuy-Ching Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Branch, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6516 M.D. Anderson Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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22
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Banerjea A, Ahmed S, Hands RE, Huang F, Han X, Shaw PM, Feakins R, Bustin SA, Dorudi S. Colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability display mRNA expression signatures characteristic of increased immunogenicity. Mol Cancer 2004; 3:21. [PMID: 15298707 PMCID: PMC514528 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-3-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2004] [Accepted: 08/06/2004] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancers displaying high-degree microsatellite instability (MSI-H) have an improved prognosis compared to microsatellite stable (MSS) cancers. The observation of pronounced lymphocytic infiltrates suggests that MSI-H cancers are inherently more immunogenic. We aimed to compare the gene expression profiles of MSI-H and MSS cancers to provide evidence for an activated immune response in the former. Results We analysed tissue from 133 colorectal cancer patients with full consent and Local Ethics Committee approval. Genomic DNA was analysed for microsatellite instability in BAT-26. High-quality RNA was used for microarray analysis on the Affymetrix® HG-U133A chip. Data was analysed on GeneSpring software version 6.0. Confirmatory real-time RT-PCR was performed on 28 MSI-H and 26 MSS cancers. A comparison of 29 MSI-H and 104 MSS cancers identified 2070 genes that were differentially expressed between the two groups [P < 0.005]. Significantly, many key immunomodulatory genes were up-regulated in MSI-H cancers. These included antigen chaperone molecules (HSP-70, HSP-110, Calreticulin, gp96), pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin (IL)-18, IL-15, IL-8, IL-24, IL-7) and cytotoxic mediators (Granulysin, Granzyme A). Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed up-regulation of HSP-70 [P = 0.016], HSP-110 [P = 0.002], IL-18 [P = 0.004], IL-8 [0.002] and Granulysin [P < 0.0001]. Conclusions The upregulation of a large number of genes implicated in immune response supports the theory that MSI-H cancers are immunogenic. The novel observation of Heat Shock Protein up-regulation in MSI-H cancer is highly significant in light of the recognised roles of these proteins in innate and antigen-specific immunogenicity. Increased mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic mediators also indicate an activated anti-tumour immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Banerjea
- Centre for Academic Surgery, Barts and The London Queen Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry. The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - Shafi Ahmed
- Centre for Academic Surgery, Barts and The London Queen Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry. The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - Rebecca E Hands
- Centre for Academic Surgery, Barts and The London Queen Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry. The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Bristol Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Xia Han
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Bristol Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Peter M Shaw
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Bristol Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Roger Feakins
- Institute of Pathology, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - Stephen A Bustin
- Centre for Academic Surgery, Barts and The London Queen Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry. The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - Sina Dorudi
- Centre for Academic Surgery, Barts and The London Queen Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry. The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK
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23
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Munshi NC, Hideshima T, Carrasco D, Shammas M, Auclair D, Davies F, Mitsiades N, Mitsiades C, Kim RS, Li C, Rajkumar SV, Fonseca R, Bergsagel L, Chauhan D, Anderson KC. Identification of genes modulated in multiple myeloma using genetically identical twin samples. Blood 2004; 103:1799-806. [PMID: 12969976 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-02-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic heterogeneity between individuals confounds the comparison of gene profiling of multiple myeloma (MM) cells versus normal plasma cells (PCs). To overcome this barrier, we compared the gene expression profile of CD138+ MM cells from a patient bone marrow (BM) sample with CD138+ PCs from a genetically identical twin BM sample using microarray profiling. Two hundred and ninety-six genes were up-regulated and 103 genes were down-regulated at least 2-fold in MM cells versus normal twin PCs. Highly expressed genes in MM cells included cell survival pathway genes such as mcl-1, dad-1, caspase 8, and FADD-like apoptosis regulator (FLIP); oncogenes/transcriptional factors such as Jun-D, Xbp-1, calmodulin, Calnexin, and FGFR-3; stress response and ubiquitin/proteasome pathway-related genes and various ribosomal genes reflecting increased metabolic and translational activity. Genes that were down-regulated in MM cells versus healthy twin PCs included RAD51, killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor protein, and apoptotic protease activating factor. Microarray results were further confirmed by Western blot analyses, immunohistochemistry, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), and functional assays of telomerase activity and bone marrow angiogenesis. This molecular profiling provides potential insights into mechanisms of malignant transformation in MM. For example, FGFR3, xbp-1, and both mcl-1 and dad-1 may mediate transformation, differentiation, and survival, respectively, and may have clinical implications. By identifying genes uniquely altered in MM cells compared with normal PCs in an identical genotypic background, the current study provides the framework to identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil C Munshi
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA 02115, USA.
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24
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Mitola S, Strasly M, Prato M, Ghia P, Bussolino F. IL-12 regulates an endothelial cell-lymphocyte network: effect on metalloproteinase-9 production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 171:3725-33. [PMID: 14500672 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.7.3725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
IL-12 is key cytokine in innate immunity and participates in tumor rejection by stimulating an IFN-gamma-mediated response characterized by CD8(+) mediated-cytotoxicity, inhibition of angiogenesis, and vascular injury. We previously demonstrated that activated lymphocytes stimulated with IL-12 induced an angiostatic program in cocultured vascular endothelial cells. In this study, we have extended this observation showing that a reciprocal modulation of cellular responses occurs. Actually, the presence of endothelial cells enhanced the inhibitory effect of IL-12 on metalloproteinase-9 expression in activated PBMC as well as their ability to transmigrate across an extracellular matrix. IL-12 triggered intracellular signaling, as indicated by STAT-1 activation, appeared to mainly operative in activated CD4 (+) cells challenged with IL-12, but it was also initiated in CD8(+) lymphocytes in the presence of endothelial cells. On the other hand, stimulated PBMC reduced the expression and the activity of metalloproteinase-9, up-regulated that of tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1, and stimulated the STAT-1 pathway in cocultured endothelial cells. We used neutralizing Abs to show that the IFN-inducible protein 10 (CXCL10) and monokine-induced by IFN-gamma (CXCL9) chemokines produced by both PBMC and endothelial cells are pivotal in inducing these effects. Altogether these results suggest the existence of an IL-12-regulated circuit between endothelium and lymphocytes resulting in a shift of proteolytic homeostasis at site of tissue injury.
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MESH Headings
- Basement Membrane/enzymology
- Basement Membrane/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Communication/immunology
- Cell Migration Inhibition
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CXCL10
- Chemokine CXCL9
- Chemokines, CXC/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CXC/physiology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology
- Coculture Techniques
- DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Extracellular Matrix/enzymology
- Extracellular Matrix/immunology
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/biosynthesis
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/physiology
- Interleukin-12/pharmacology
- Interleukin-12/physiology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/enzymology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- Lymphocyte Subsets/enzymology
- Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/biosynthesis
- Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
- STAT1 Transcription Factor
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Trans-Activators/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Mitola
- Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment and. Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy.
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25
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Song JH, Kim JM, Kim SH, Kim HJ, Lee JJ, Sung MH, Hwang SY, Kim TS. Comparison of the gene expression profiles of monocytic versus granulocytic lineages of HL-60 leukemia cell differentiation by DNA microarray analysis. Life Sci 2003; 73:1705-19. [PMID: 12875902 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(03)00515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
It is now recognized that precise patterns of differentially expressed genes ultimately direct a particular cell toward a given lineage. In this study, we compared the expression profiles of cancer-related genes by cDNA microarray analysis during the differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells into either monocytes or granulocytes. RNA was isolated at times 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h following stimulation of differentiation with all-trans retinoic acid (all-trans RA) or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)], and hybridized to the microarray gene chips containing 872 genes related to cell-cycles, oncogenes and leukemias. Several genes were commonly or differentially regulated during cell differentiation into either lineage, as demonstrated by both hierarchical and self-organizing map clustering analysis. At 72 h the expression levels of 45 genes were commonly up- or down-regulated at least a twofold in both lineages. Most importantly, 32 genes including alpha-L-fucosidase gene and adducin gamma subunit gene were up- or down-regulated only in all-trans RA-treated HL-60 cells, while 12 genes including interleukin 1beta and hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha were up- or down-regulated only in 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)-treated HL-60 cells. The expression of selected genes was confirmed by Northern blot analysis. As expected, some genes identified have not been examined during HL-60 cell differentiation into either lineage. The identification of genes associated with a specific differentiation lineage may give important insights into functional and phenotypic differences between two lineages of HL-60 cell differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- Calcitriol/pharmacology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Granulocytes/pathology
- Granulocytes/physiology
- HL-60 Cells/physiology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Monocytes/pathology
- Monocytes/physiology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- RNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Han Song
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, South Korea
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26
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Current Awareness on Comparative and Functional Genomics. Comp Funct Genomics 2003; 4:277-84. [PMID: 18629117 PMCID: PMC2447404 DOI: 10.1002/cfg.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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