1
|
Nazari A, Mirian M, Aghaei M, Aliomrani M. 4-Hydroxyhalcone effects on cisplatin-induced genotoxicity model. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:11-17. [PMID: 33613968 PMCID: PMC7885192 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genotoxicity of cisplatin (CP) as a platinum-based antineoplastic agent due to its oxidative stress induction was well known. In this research, we examined 4-hydroxychalcone (4-HCH) as a natural food that presents flavonoid effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and CP-induced in vivo genotoxicity. METHOD AND MATERIALS Cytotoxicity of CP and 4-HCH was measured on human embryonic kidney 293 cells with MTT assay. Then, intracellular ROS content at IC50 concentration of CP was measured with 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) dye. Finally, 4-HCH was administered intraperitoneally at 10 and 40 mg/kg/BW doses as a pre and post-treatment schedule in a mice model of CP genotoxicity (7 mg/kg). Acridine-orange-stained bone marrow cells were quantified for micronucleus presence examination. RESULTS The calculated IC50 of CP and 4-HCH were reported around 19.4 and 133.6 μM, respectively, on HEK293 cells. Also, it was observed that 4-HCH at 0.2, 2 and 10 μM concentrations did not show obvious cytotoxicity. The fluorimetry confirmed that pre-treatment with 10 μM and co-treatment with 2 μM of 4-HCH could attenuate the CP-induced ROS production (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Also, the lowest micronucleated cells were seen in 10 mg/kg 4-HCH-treated group after CP exposure (39 ± 7.9, P < 0.0001). DISCUSSION Our results demonstrated the antigenotoxic action of 4-HCH in CP-treated mice bone marrow cells for the first time in both concentrations of 10 and 40 mg/kg especially in the form of co-treatment. Further studies required clinical application of this compound in a combination of CP to attenuate the normal cells' genotoxicity side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aref Nazari
- Toxicology M.SC Candidate, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan 83714, Iran
| | - Mina Mirian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan 83714, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 83714, Iran
| | - Mehdi Aliomrani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan 83714, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Raza Z, Naureen Z. Melatonin ameliorates the drug induced nephrotoxicity: Molecular insights. Nefrologia 2019; 40:12-25. [PMID: 31735377 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a frequent adverse event that can lead to acute or chronic kidney disease and increase the healthcare expenditure. It has high morbidity and mortality incidence in 40-70% of renal injuries and accounts for 66% cases of renal failure in elderly population. OBJECTIVE Amelioration of drug-induced nephrotoxicity has been long soughed to improve the effectiveness of therapeutic drugs. This study was conducted to review the melatonin potential to prevent the pathogenesis of nephrotoxicity induced by important nephrotoxic drugs. METHODS We analyzed the relevant studies indexed in Pubmed, Medline, Scielo and Web of science to explain the molecular improvements following melatonin co-administration with special attention to oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis as key players of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. RESULTS A robust consensus among researchers of these studies suggested that melatonin efficiently eradicate the chain reaction of free radical production and induced the endogenous antioxidant enzymes which attenuate the lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes and subcellular oxidative stress in drug-induced nephrotoxicity. This agreement was further supported by the melatonin role in disintegration of inflammatory process through inhibition of principle pro-inflammatory or apoptotic cytokines such as TNF-α and NF-κB. These studies highlighted that alleviation of drug-induced renal toxicity is a function of melatonin potential to down regulate the cellular inflammatory and oxidative injury process and to stimulate the cellular repair or defensive mechanisms. CONCLUSION The comprehensive nephroprotection and safer profile suggests the melatonin to be a useful adjunct to improve the safety of nephrotoxic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Raza
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Zainab Naureen
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Galano A, Reiter RJ. Melatonin and its metabolites vs oxidative stress: From individual actions to collective protection. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12514. [PMID: 29888508 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) represents a threat to the chemical integrity of biomolecules including lipids, proteins, and DNA. The associated molecular damage frequently results in serious health issues, which justifies our concern about this phenomenon. In addition to enzymatic defense mechanisms, there are compounds (usually referred to as antioxidants) that offer chemical protection against oxidative events. Among them, melatonin and its metabolites constitute a particularly efficient chemical family. They offer protection against OS as individual chemical entities through a wide variety of mechanisms including electron transfer, hydrogen transfer, radical adduct formation, and metal chelation, and by repairing biological targets. In fact, many of them including melatonin can be classified as multipurpose antioxidants. However, what seems to be unique to the melatonin's family is their collective effects. Because the members of this family are metabolically related, most of them are expected to be present in living organisms wherever melatonin is produced. Therefore, the protection exerted by melatonin against OS may be viewed as a result of the combined antioxidant effects of the parent molecule and its metabolites. Melatonin's family is rather exceptional in this regard, offering versatile and collective antioxidant protection against OS. It certainly seems that melatonin is one of the best nature's defenses against oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México City, México
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Melatonin: A Versatile Protector against Oxidative DNA Damage. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030530. [PMID: 29495460 PMCID: PMC6017920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage to DNA has important implications for human health and has been identified as a key factor in the onset and development of numerous diseases. Thus, it is evident that preventing DNA from oxidative damage is crucial for humans and for any living organism. Melatonin is an astonishingly versatile molecule in this context. It can offer both direct and indirect protection against a wide variety of damaging agents and through multiple pathways, which may (or may not) take place simultaneously. They include direct antioxidative protection, which is mediated by melatonin's free radical scavenging activity, and also indirect ways of action. The latter include, at least: (i) inhibition of metal-induced DNA damage; (ii) protection against non-radical triggers of oxidative DNA damage; (iii) continuous protection after being metabolized; (iv) activation of antioxidative enzymes; (v) inhibition of pro-oxidative enzymes; and (vi) boosting of the DNA repair machinery. The rather unique capability of melatonin to exhibit multiple neutralizing actions against diverse threatening factors, together with its low toxicity and its ability to cross biological barriers, are all significant to its efficiency for preventing oxidative damage to DNA.
Collapse
|
5
|
Alam J, Subhan F, Ullah I, Shahid M, Ali G, Sewell RDE. Synthetic and natural antioxidants attenuate cisplatin-induced vomiting. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 18:4. [PMID: 28081725 PMCID: PMC5234122 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-016-0110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Synthetic and natural antioxidants including Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell (Scrophulariaceae) which also possess anti-dopaminergic properties, have been proposed to be useful for emetogenic chemotherapy. In this study, synthetic [N-(2-mercaptopropionyl) glycine (MPG), vitamin C (Vit-C)] and natural [grape seed proanthocyanidin (GP), B. monnieri n-butanolic fraction (BM-ButFr)] antioxidants and their combinations were evaluated against cisplatin-induced emesis in pigeons during a 24 h observation period. Methods Emesis was induced using cisplatin (7.0 mg/kg, i.v). MPG (10, 20, 30 mg/kg), Vit-C (100, 200, 300 mg/kg), GP (50, 100, 150 mg/kg) and BM-ButFr (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) and their combinations were administered i.m., 15 min before cisplatin administration. The number of vomiting bouts, retching, emetic latency and % weight loss were recorded to assess antiemetic potential. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH free radical scavenging assay (FRSA). Results Significant attenuation of vomiting bouts, retching, % weight loss along with an increase in latency was produced by all the antioxidants and their combinations compared to cisplatin alone and this is the first report of this activity of GP in pigeons. Low EC50 values in the FRSA for MPG (67.66 μg/mL), Vit-C (69.42 μg/mL), GP (6.498 μg/mL) and BM-ButFr (55.61 μg/mL) compared to BHT standard (98.17 μg/mL) demonstrated their radical scavenging capacity. Correlation between the antioxidant activity and antiemetic efficacy disclosed a high degree of correlation for the tested antioxidants. Conclusion The selected synthetic and natural antioxidants and their combinations were able to attenuate cisplatin-induced vomiting, which correlated with their potent in vitro antioxidant activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40360-016-0110-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javaid Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Subhan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Gowhar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Robert D E Sewell
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF103NB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Evaluation of a single-dose PIGRET assay for cisplatin in rats compared with the RBC Pig-a assay. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 811:97-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
7
|
Phenolic Melatonin-Related Compounds: Their Role as Chemical Protectors against Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111442. [PMID: 27801875 PMCID: PMC6274579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently no doubt about the serious threat that oxidative stress (OS) poses to human health. Therefore, a crucial strategy to maintain a good health status is to identify molecules capable of offering protection against OS through chemical routes. Based on the known efficiency of the phenolic and melatonin (MLT) families of compounds as antioxidants, it is logical to assume that phenolic MLT-related compounds should be (at least) equally efficient. Unfortunately, they have been less investigated than phenols, MLT and its non-phenolic metabolites in this context. The evidence reviewed here strongly suggests that MLT phenolic derivatives can act as both primary and secondary antioxidants, exerting their protection through diverse chemical routes. They all seem to be better free radical scavengers than MLT and Trolox, while some of them also surpass ascorbic acid and resveratrol. However, there are still many aspects that deserve further investigations for this kind of compounds.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang R, MoYung KC, Zhao YJ, Poon K. A Mechanism for the Temporal Potentiation of Genipin to the Cytotoxicity of Cisplatin in Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:507-16. [PMID: 27429587 PMCID: PMC4946121 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.15449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the potentiation effect of Genipin to Cisplatin induced cell senescence in HCT-116 colon cancer cells in vitro. METHODS Cell viability was estimated by Propidium iodide and Hoechst 3342, reactive oxygen species (ROS) with DHE, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) with JC-1 MMP assay Kit and electron current production with microbial fuel cells (MFC). RESULTS Genipin inhibited the UCP2 mediated anti-oxidative proton leak significantly promoted the Cisplatin induced ROS and subsequent cell death, which was similar to that of UCP2-siRNA. Cells treated with Cisplatin alone or combined with Genipin, ROS negatively, while MMP positively correlated with cell viability. Cisplatin induced ROS was significantly decreased by detouring electrons to MFC, or increased by Genipin combined treatment. Compensatory effects of UCP2 up-regulation with time against Genipin treatment were suggested. Shorter the Genipin treatment before Cisplatin better promoted the Cisplatin induced ROS and subsequent cell death. CONCLUSION The interaction of leaked electron with Cisplatin was important during ROS generation. Inhibition of UCP2-mediated proton leak with Genipin potentiated the cytotoxicity of Cisplatin. Owing to the compensatory effects against Genipin, shorter Genipin treatment before Cisplatin was recommended in order to achieve better potentiation effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Wang
- 1. Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong,China 518100
| | - K C MoYung
- 2. Program of Food Science and Technology, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, 28 Jinfeng Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China 519085
| | - Y J Zhao
- 2. Program of Food Science and Technology, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, 28 Jinfeng Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China 519085
| | - Karen Poon
- 2. Program of Food Science and Technology, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, 28 Jinfeng Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China 519085
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tuteja J, Nishimura S, Choudhary H, Ebitani K. Selective Oxidation of 1,6-Hexanediol to 6-Hydroxycaproic Acid over Reusable Hydrotalcite-Supported Au-Pd Bimetallic Catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:1862-1866. [PMID: 25990616 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Selective oxidation of 1,6-hexanediol into 6-hydroxycaproic acid was achieved over hydrotalcite-supported Au-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles as heterogeneous catalyst using aqueous H2 O2 . N,N-dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide (DDAO) was used as an efficient capping agent. Spectroscopic analyses by UV/Vis, TEM, XPS, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy suggested that interactions between gold and palladium atoms are responsible for the high activity of the reusable Au40 Pd60 -DDAO/HT catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Tuteja
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 761-51-1149
| | - Shun Nishimura
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 761-51-1149
| | - Hemant Choudhary
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 761-51-1149
| | - Kohki Ebitani
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 761-51-1149.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Akbas HS, Timur M, Ozben T. Concurrent use of antioxidants in cancer therapy: an update. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 2:931-9. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2.6.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
11
|
Rjiba-Touati K, Ayed-Boussema I, Soualeh N, Achour A, Bacha H, Abid S. Antioxidant and antigenotoxic role of recombinant human erythropoeitin against alkylating agents: Cisplatin and mitomycin C in cultured Vero cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:943-50. [DOI: 10.1177/1535370213494643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) and mitomycin C (MMC), two alkylating agents used against various solid tumours, are a common source of acute kidney injury. Thus, strategies for minimizing CDDP and MMC toxicity are of a clinical interest. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective role of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) against oxidative stress and genotoxicity induced by CDDP and MMC in cultured Vero cells. Three types of treatments were performed: (i) cells were treated with rhEPO 24 h before exposure to CDDP/MMC (pre-treatment), (ii) cells were treated with rhEPO and CDDP/MMC simultaneously (co-treatment), (iii) cells were treated with rhEPO 24 h after exposure to CDDP/MMC (post-treatment). Our results showed that rhEPO decreased the reactive oxygen species levels, the malondialdehyde levels and ameliorated glutathione (reduced and oxidized glutathione) modulation induced by CDDP and MMC in cultured Vero cells. Furthermore, rhEPO administration prevented alkylating agents-induced DNA damage accessed by comet test. Altogether, our results suggested a protective role of rhEPO, against CDDP- and MMC-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity, especially in pre-treatment condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karima Rjiba-Touati
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Monastir University, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ayed-Boussema
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Monastir University, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Nidhal Soualeh
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Monastir University, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Abdellatif Achour
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, University Hospital of Sahloul, 4021 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Bacha
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Monastir University, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Monastir University, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Extremely low-frequency magnetic field enhances the therapeutic efficacy of low-dose cisplatin in the treatment of Ehrlich carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:189352. [PMID: 23484088 PMCID: PMC3581299 DOI: 10.1155/2013/189352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines the therapeutic efficacy of the administration of low-dose cisplatin (cis) followed by exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF), with an average intensity of 10 mT, on Ehrlich carcinoma in vivo. The cytotoxic and genotoxic actions of this combination were studied using comet assay, mitotic index (MI), and the induction of micronucleus (MN). Moreover, the inhibition of tumor growth was also measured. Treatment with cisplatin and ELF-MF (group A) increased the number of damaged cells by 54% compared with 41% for mice treated with cisplatin alone (group B), 20% for mice treated by exposure to ELF-MF (group C), and 9% for the control group (group D). Also the mitotic index decreased significantly for all treated groups (P < 0.001). The decrement percent for the treated groups (A, B, and C) were 70%, 65%, and 22%, respectively, compared with the control group (D). Additionally, the rate of tumor growth at day 12 was suppressed significantly (P < 0.001) for groups A, B, and C with respect to group (D). These results suggest that ELF-MF enhanced the cytotoxic activity of cisplatin and potentiate the benefit of using a combination of low-dose cisplatin and ELF-MF in the treatment of Ehrlich carcinoma.
Collapse
|
13
|
Dos Santos GC, Mendonça LM, Antonucci GA, Dos Santos AC, Antunes LMG, Bianchi MDLP. Protective effect of bixin on cisplatin-induced genotoxicity in PC12 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 50:335-40. [PMID: 22019694 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Bixin is the main carotenoid found in annatto seeds (Bixa orellana L.) and is responsible for their reddish-orange color. The antioxidant properties of this compound are associated with its ability to scavenge free radicals, which may reduce damage and protect tissues against toxicity caused by anticancer drugs such as cisplatin. In this study, the genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of bixin on cisplatin-induced toxicity in PC12 cells was assessed. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay, mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and protective effect of bixin were evaluated using the micronucleus test and comet assay. PC12 cells were treated with bixin (0.05, 0.08, and 0.10μg/mL), cisplatin (0.1μg/mL) or a combination of both bixin and cisplatin. Bixin was neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic compared to the controls. In the combined treatment bixin significantly reduced the percentage of DNA in tail and the frequency of micronuclei induced by cisplatin. This result suggests that bixin can function as a protective agent, reducing cisplatin-induced DNA damage in PC12 cells, and it is possible that this protection could also extend to neuronal cells. Further studies are being conducted to better understand the mechanisms involved in the activity of this protective agent prior to using it therapeutically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Cristina Dos Santos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Rod. Araraquara/Jaú Km 1, CEP 14801-902 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shalby AB, Assaf N, Ahmed HH. Possible mechanisms for N-acetyl cysteine and taurine in ameliorating acute renal failure induced by cisplatin in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2011; 21:538-46. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2011.568985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
15
|
Sohn SI, Rim HK, Kim YH, Choi JH, Park JH, Park HJ, Choi JW, Kim SD, Jeong SY, Lee KT. The Ameliorative Effect of 23-Hydroxytormentic Acid Isolated from Rubus coreanus on Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:1508-13. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Il Sohn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
| | - Hong-Kun Rim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
- Medical Science and Engineering Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Yang-Hee Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
- Medical Science and Engineering Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
| | - Jae-Hoon Park
- Medical Science and Engineering Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Hee-Juhn Park
- Department of Botanical Resources, Sangji University
| | | | - Soo-dong Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University
| | - Seo-Young Jeong
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
- Medical Science and Engineering Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim YH, Choi JH, Rim HK, Kang HJ, Chang SG, Park JH, Park HJ, Choi JW, Kim SD, Lee KT. 23-Hydroxytormentic Acid and Niga-Ichgoside F1 Isolated from Rubus coreanus Attenuate Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Renal Epithelial LLC-PK1 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:906-11. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hee Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
- Medical Science and Engineering Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
| | - Hong-Kun Rim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
- Medical Science and Engineering Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Hyun-Jun Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Sung-Goo Chang
- Medical Science and Engineering Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Jae-Hoon Park
- Medical Science and Engineering Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Hee-Juhn Park
- Department of Botanical Resources, Sangji University
| | | | - Soo-Dong Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
- Medical Science and Engineering Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tuncer S, Dalkilic N, Akif Dunbar M, Keles B. Comparative Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid and Melatonin on Cisplatin-Induced Neurotoxicity. Int J Neurosci 2010; 120:655-63. [PMID: 20942579 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2010.510916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
18
|
Hassan I, Chibber S, Naseem I. Ameliorative effect of riboflavin on the cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity under photoillumination. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:2052-8. [PMID: 20457210 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used anticancer drug. It is documented that it elicits major side effects like nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity due to oxidative stress forcing the patients to limit its clinical use in long term treatment. Riboflavin (vitamin B(2)) is a strong photosensitizer because it generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon photoillumination. We have tried to trap its photosensitizing property to ameliorate the cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in mice. They were treated with riboflavin and cisplatin separately as well as with their combination under photoilluminated condition. The status of major antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant proteins, functional markers, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation was studied in liver, kidneys and serum samples of all the groups. Cisplatin treated group showed significantly compromised level of antioxidant enzymes and the proteins with higher extent of lipid and protein oxidation. Similar but less pronounced pattern was observed in the riboflavin treated group. The groups treated with the combination of cisplatin and riboflavin showed all the parameters tended towards normal levels in a dose dependent manner. Hence, it can be hypothesized that riboflavin shows ameliorative effect on the cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity under the mentioned treatment conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP 202 002, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Miyamoto Y, Iwao Y, Tasaki Y, Sato K, Ishima Y, Watanabe H, Kadowaki D, Maruyama T, Otagiri M. The uremic solute indoxyl sulfate acts as an antioxidant against superoxide anion radicals under normal-physiological conditions. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:2816-20. [PMID: 20416300 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the uremic solute indoxyl sulfate (IS) on scavenging superoxide anion radicals (O(2)(*-)) generated from both the xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) system and activated neutrophils was investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, combined with 2-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-1-oxide (EMPO). The findings show that the presence of normal-physiological serum concentrations of IS (0.1-10 microM) resulted in decreased formation of EMPO-superoxide adduct without affecting XO activity. Furthermore, IS showed scavenging activity against cell-derived O(2)(*-) generated from activated neutrophils. In addition, IS also eliminated hydroxyl radicals. These findings suggest that IS acts as a novel endogenous antioxidant under normal-physiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Miyamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Maharaj DS, Maharaj H, Antunes EM, Maree DM, Nyokong T, Glass BD, Daya S. 6-Hydroxymelatonin protects against quinolinic-acid-induced oxidative neurotoxicity in the rat hippocampus. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 57:877-81. [PMID: 15969947 DOI: 10.1211/0022357056424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Melatonin, a naturally occuring chemical mediator, although assigned a diverse range of functions, has attracted interest because of its ability to function as a free radical scavenger. Its major hepatic metabolite and photoproduct, 6-hydroxymelatonin (6-OHM), also shares this property. Since singlet oxygen and quinolinic acid (QUIN) are critically involved in the pathology of neurotoxicity, the objective of this study was to investigate the ability of 6-OHM to scavenge singlet oxygen and evaluate its ability to scavenge superoxide anions and reduce QUIN-induced neurotoxicity in the hippocampus in-vivo. The results show that 6-OHM is an efficient inhibitor of singlet oxygen formation as indicated by the rate constants and quantum yields reported for 6-OHM and zinc phthalo-cyanine (ZnPc), respectively. 6-OHM, appears to reduce QUIN-induced superoxide anion generation in the hippocampus, which provides some evidence of the neuroprotective effects of 6-OHM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D S Maharaj
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kaji H, Inukai Y, Maiguma T, Ono H, Teshima D, Hiramoto K, Makino K. Radical scavenging activity of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids and traditional prophylactics against chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. J Clin Pharm Ther 2009; 34:197-205. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2008.00993.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
22
|
Chirino YI, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 61:223-42. [PMID: 18986801 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin) is an important chemotherapeutic agent useful in the treatment of several cancers; however, it has several side effects such as nephrotoxicity. The role of the oxidative and nitrosative stress in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is additionally supported by the protective effect of several free radical scavengers and antioxidants. Furthermore, in in vitro experiments, antioxidants or reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers have a cytoprotective effect on cells exposed to cisplatin. Recently, the participation of nitrosative stress has been more explored in cisplatin-induced renal damage. The use of a water-soluble Fe(III) porphyrin complex able to metabolize peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) has demonstrated that this anion contributes to both in vivo and in vitro cisplatin-induced toxicity. ONOO(-) is produced when nitric oxide (NO*) reacts with superoxide anion (O(2)(*-)); currently, there are evidences suggesting alterations in NO* production after cisplatin treatment and the evidence appear to NO* has a toxic effect. This article goes through current evidence of the mechanism by more than a few compounds have beneficial effects on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, contribute to understanding the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress and suggest several points as part of the mechanism of cisplatin toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda I Chirino
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan, DF, Mexico.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
The fact that the full extent of the function of the pineal gland has not yet been elucidated, has stimulated melatonin research worldwide. This review introduces melatonin's mechanism of action, direct and indirect antioxidant actions as well as the antioxidant properties of its metabolites, 6-hydroxymelatonin (6-OHM) and N-acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine (AFMK). At present the mechanism of action is proposed to be receptor-, protein- and nonprotein-mediated. From its popular role in the treatment of jetlag, melatonin is now implicated in the reduction of oxidative stess, both as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant. Melatonin's direct scavenging action in respect of the following will be discussed: superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, peroxy radicals and nitric oxide/peroxy nitrite anions. In addition melatonin also possesses indirect antioxidant activity and the role of its metabolites, AFMK and 6-OHM will be presented. It is these free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties of melatonin that has shifted the focus from that of merely strengthening circadian rhythms to that of neuroprotectant: a new place in therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa S Maharaj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fukutomi J, Fukuda A, Fukuda S, Hara M, Terada A, Yoshida M. Scavenging activity of indole compounds against cisplatin-induced reactive oxygen species. Life Sci 2006; 80:254-7. [PMID: 17049361 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2006] [Revised: 08/12/2006] [Accepted: 09/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant effects of indole compounds such as melatonin (MLT), tryptophan, and serotonin, on cisplatin (cis-diaminedichloroplatinum, or CDDP)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were examined by electron spin resonance (ESR). In addition, DNA fragmentation by CDDP-induced ROS and the effect of MLT on it were analyzed in primary cultures of rat renal tubular epithelial cells. MLT and serotonin had scavenging effects on CDDP-induced hydroxy radicals (*OH), and the scavenging activity of MLT was higher than that of serotonin. The exposure of primary-cultured renal tubular cells to CDDP caused severe cytotoxicity. Tryptophan, serotonin, and 6-OH-MLT did not reduce the CDDP-induced cytotoxicity, whereas MLT did. CDDP exposure induced DNA fragmentation in primary-cultured renal tubular cells, but the simultaneous administration of MLT inhibited the DNA fragmentation. These results indicate that MLT inhibits CDDP-induced cytotoxicity by directly scavenging *OH, and that MLT markedly reduces renal cytotoxicity and DNA fragmentation caused by CDDP-induced ROS in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junya Fukutomi
- Clinical Trials Center, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Grisel JJ, Chen WJA. Antioxidant Pretreatment Does Not Ameliorate Alcohol-Induced Purkinje Cell Loss in the Developing Rat Cerebellum. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2006; 29:1223-9. [PMID: 16046878 DOI: 10.1097/01.alc.0000171932.13148.cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research has suggested that oxidative stress is a potential mechanism for alcohol-induced injury and that supplementation with antioxidants can ameliorate alcohol-induced damage. In this study, two known antioxidants, melatonin and U83836E, were assessed for their effectiveness in blocking the expected alcohol-induced cerebellar Purkinje cell loss in neonatal rat pups. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rat pups were artificially reared from postnatal days (PDs) 4-9 and were exposed to either alcohol or antioxidants (melatonin or U83836E) individually or in combination. A normal control group (raised by rat dams) was included in this study. On PD 9, the brain from each pup was removed and weighed, and the cerebellar vermis was processed for stereological cell counting. RESULTS Alcohol exposure during the brain growth spurt produced microencephaly, in addition to significant decreases in the number and density of Purkinje cells in lobule I and the volume of lobule I. The antioxidants did not reduce any of the adverse effects observed from alcohol exposure, and they did not decrease the Purkinje cell number when administered alone. Furthermore, antioxidants did not change the only blood alcohol concentration measured on PD 6. CONCLUSIONS The results confirmed alcohol-induced microencephaly and cerebellar Purkinje cell loss from neonatal alcohol exposure, and they showed that neither antioxidant could attenuate these adverse effects on the developing brain. The inability of antioxidants to reduce Purkinje cell loss from neonatal alcohol exposure suggests the existence of alternative mechanisms for developmental alcohol-induced Purkinje cell loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jedidiah J Grisel
- Department of Human Anatomy and Medical Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843-1114, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cantero G, Pastor N, Mateos S, Campanella C, Cortés F. Cisplatin-induced endoreduplication in CHO cells: DNA damage and inhibition of topoisomerase II. Mutat Res 2006; 599:160-6. [PMID: 16574165 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2005] [Revised: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 02/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that polyploid cells that arise during a variety of pathological conditions and as a result of exposure to genotoxicants, typically in the liver, become aneuploid through genetic instability. Aneuploidy contributes to, or even drives, tumour development. We have assessed the capacity of the drug cisplatin, one of the most commonly used compounds for the treatment of malignancies, to induce endoreduplication, a particular type of polyploidy, in cultured Chinese hamster AA8 cells. Taking into account that any interference with DNA topoisomerase II (topo II) function leads to endoreduplication, we have found that treatment of the cells with this platinum compound results in a dose-dependent inhibition of the catalytic activity of the enzyme. These observations are discussed on the basis of a possible dual action of cisplatin leading to a combined negative effect on normal segregation of chromosomes. On the one hand, through the drug capacity to efficiently inhibiting the catalytic activity of topo II itself and, on the other hand, as a consequence of changes in DNA such as base modifications and cross-links that result from cisplatin treatment, likely leading to a lack of recognition/binding of DNA by the enzyme. These observations support a model in which the involvement of topo II in different pathways leading to induced endoreduplication has been proposed, and seem to bear significance as to the possible origin of the development of secondary tumours as a result of cisplatin treatment of primary malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Cantero
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology of Seville, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Smith AM, Zeve DR, Grisel JJ, Chen WJA. Neonatal alcohol exposure increases malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the developing cerebellum. BRAIN RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 2005; 160:231-8. [PMID: 16256207 DOI: 10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2005] [Revised: 09/05/2005] [Accepted: 09/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that developmental alcohol-induced brain damage is mediated through increases in oxidative stress. In this study, the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured to indicate alcohol-mediated oxidative stress. In addition, the ability of two known antioxidants, melatonin (MEL) and lazaroid U-83836E (U), to attenuate alcohol-induced oxidative stress was investigated. Sprague-Dawley rat pups were randomly assigned to six artificially-reared groups, ALC (alcohol), MEL, MEL/ALC, U, U/ALC, and GC (gastrostomy control), and one normal suckle control (to control for artificial-rearing effects on the dependent variables). The daily dosages for ALC, MEL, and U were 6 g/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg, respectively. Alcohol was administered in 2 consecutive feedings, and antioxidant (MEL or U) was administered for a total of 4 consecutive feedings (2 feedings prior to and 2 feedings concurrently with alcohol). The animals received treatment from postnatal days (PD) 4 through 9. Cerebellar, hippocampal, and cortical samples were collected on PD 9 and analyzed for MDA and GSH content. The results indicated that MDA concentrations in the cerebellum were significantly elevated in animals receiving alcohol; however, MDA levels in the hippocampus and cortex were not affected by alcohol treatment. Additionally, GSH levels in the cerebellum were significantly elevated in groups receiving alcohol, regardless of antioxidant treatment. Neither antioxidant was able to protect against alcohol-induced alterations of MDA or GSH. These findings suggest that alcohol might increase GSH levels indirectly as a compensatory mechanism designed to protect the brain from oxidative-stress-mediated insult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Smith
- 142E Reynolds Medical Building, Department of Human Anatomy and Medical Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zamorano-Ponce E, Fernández J, Vargas G, Rivera P, Carballo MA. Protective activity of cedron (Aloysia triphylla) infusion over genetic damage induced by cisplatin evaluated by the comet assay technique. Toxicol Lett 2004; 152:85-90. [PMID: 15294350 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2004] [Revised: 04/05/2004] [Accepted: 04/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using the comet assay technique, this paper examines the protection from the cisplatin-induced genetic damage in mouse bone marrow cells provided by cedron-leaf infusion. Animals were separated into six groups: (I) untreated, (II) negative control, (III) treated with cedron-leaf infusion (5%), (IV) treated with cisplatin (6 mg/kg b.w.), (V) pretreated with infusion and treated with cisplatin and (VI) positive control (cyclophosphamide, 20 mg/kg b.w.). Based on the tail moment values found, four types of comets were distinguished. No statistical differences (P<0.01) were found between untreated animals, negative control and infusion treated mice. As expected, treatment of mice with a single dose of cis-DDP-induced genetic damage and the pretreatment with infusion prior to cis-DDP injection inhibited the capacity of cisplatin to induce genetic damage. Cell viability was up to 90% in all cases. The results suggest that infusion could exert its in vivo antigenotoxic action by enhancing the antioxidant status of bone marrow cells. The found could be attributed to its scavenging potency towards free radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Zamorano-Ponce
- Laboratorio de Genética Toxicológica, GENETOX, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Casilla 447, Chillán, Chile.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wozniak K, Czechowska A, Blasiak J. Cisplatin-evoked DNA fragmentation in normal and cancer cells and its modulation by free radical scavengers and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571. Chem Biol Interact 2004; 147:309-18. [PMID: 15135086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2004.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin, cis-DDP) is well studied anticancer drug, whose activity can be attributed to its ability to form adducts with DNA, but this drug can also form DNA-damaging free radicals, however this mechanism of cisplatin action is far less explored. Using the comet assay we studied cisplatin-induced DNA damage in the presence of spin traps: DMPO and PBN, Vitamins A, C and E as well as the tyrosine kinases inhibitor STI571 in normal human lymphocytes and leukemic K562 cells. The latter cells express the BCR/ABL fusion protein, which can be a target of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571. A 20 h incubation with cisplatin at 1-10 microM induced DNA cross-links and DNA fragmentation in normal and cancer cells. Cisplatin could induce intra- and interstrand DNA-DNA cross-links as well as DNA-protein cross-links. DNA damage in K562 cells was more pronounced than in normal lymphocytes. In the presence of spin traps and vitamins we noticed a decrease in the DNA fragmentation in both cell types. Co-treatment of the lymphocytes with cisplatin at 10 microM and STI571 at 0.25 microg/ml caused an increase of DNA fragmentation in comparison with DNA fragmentation induced by cisplatin alone. In the case of K562 cells, an increase of DNA fragmentation was observed after treatment with cisplatin at 1 microM. Our results indicate that the free radicals scavengers could decrease DNA fragmentation induced by cisplatin in the normal and cancer cells, but probably they have no effect on DNA cross-linking induced by the drug. The results obtained with the BCR/ABL inhibitor suggest that K562 cells could be more sensitive towards co-treatment of cisplatin and STI571. Our results suggest also that aside from the BCR/ABL other factors such as p53 level, signal transduction pathways and DNA repair processes can be responsible for the increased sensitivity of K562 cells to cisplatin compared with normal lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wozniak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Epperly MW, Osipov AN, Martin I, Kawai KK, Borisenko GG, Tyurina YY, Jefferson M, Bernarding M, Greenberger JS, Kagan VE. Ascorbate as a “redox sensor” and protector against irradiation-induced oxidative stress in 32D CL 3 hematopoietic cells and subclones overexpressing human manganese superoxide dismutase. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 58:851-61. [PMID: 14967442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2003.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2003] [Revised: 10/06/2003] [Accepted: 10/15/2003] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether increased expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) protects cells from irradiation by preventing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a new approach to detecting free radical intermediates using ascorbate as an endogenous spin trap was used. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells from the 32D cl 3 hematopoietic cell line or a subclone overexpressing MnSOD (2C6) were incubated with dehydroascorbate for 30 min and irradiated to doses from 0 to 50 Gy. Radical intermediates reacting with spin traps or ascorbate were measured by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Results were compared to irradiation-induced changes in thiol levels, irradiation survival curves, and accumulation of 8-OHdG as a measurement of DNA oxidative damage. RESULTS Manganese superoxide dismutase-overexpressing 2C6 cells maintained higher levels of ascorbate (5.4 +/- 0.5 and 2.6 +/- 0.5 nmol/10(6) cells, respectively) and thiols (14.0 +/- 0.1 and 11.1 +/- 0.2 nmol/10(6) cells) compared to 32D cl 3 parent cells. Cells overexpressing MnSOD produced lower levels of ROS than did the parental 32D cl 3 cells, as evidenced by lower expenditure of ascorbate and GSH after irradiation. Increased ascorbate levels protected both 32D cl 3 and 2C6 cells from irradiation killing, as demonstrated by an increased shoulder on survival curves and decreased DNA 8-OHdG accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Manganese superoxide dismutase overexpression protects 2C6 cells from irradiation damage by scavenging ROS that readily interact with major endogenous antioxidants--ascorbate and GSH--in nontransfected hematopoietic 32D cl 3 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|