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Watanabe Y, Nessa N, Toba H, Kobara M, Nakata T. Angelica acutiloba Exerts Antihypertensive Effect and Improves Insulin Resistance in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Fed with a High-Fat Diet. Pharmacology 2022; 107:188-196. [PMID: 35038707 DOI: 10.1159/000520982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Angelica acutiloba is one of the crude drugs used in Chinese herbal medicine, and its intake is expected to improve metabolic syndrome-associated disorders. Here, we examined the effects of A. acutiloba extract (AAE) on hypertension and insulin resistance induced by the treatment of high-fat diet (HFD) to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Then, we investigated the mechanisms associated with the effects of AAE. METHODS AAE was administered to HFD-fed SHRs. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), sympathetic nerve activity, hypothalamic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, blood glucose level, plasma insulin concentration, visceral fat mass, and gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the visceral fat were evaluated. RESULTS AAE reduced the increases in SBP and hypothalamic ACE activity observed in the HFD-fed SHRs, whereas the suppressive effect on sympathetic nerve activity was slight. Environmental stress-induced pressure and sympathetic overactivity were suppressed by the treatment of AAE. It also decreased the increase in the blood glucose level, plasma insulin concentration, homeostasis model assessment for the insulin resistance, and TNF-α gene expression in the visceral fat, but not the increase in the visceral fat mass. CONCLUSION AAE has an antihypertensive effect, suppresses stress-induced hypertension, and improves insulin resistance in HFD-fed SHRs. The suppression of brain ACE activity, sympathetic nerve activity, and inflammation are partly involved in the effects of AAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Watanabe
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naseratun Nessa
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroe Toba
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kobara
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nakata
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
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Egashira N, Goto Y, Iba H, Kawanaka R, Takahashi R, Taniguchi C, Watanabe T, Kubota K, Katsurabayashi S, Iwasaki K. Kamishoyosan potentiates pentobarbital-induced sleep in socially isolated, ovariectomized mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114585. [PMID: 34464703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sleep disorders are among the most common symptoms in both peri- and post-menopausal women. Kamishoyosan (KSS) is a Kampo medicine prescribed for the treatment of sleep disorders in menopausal women in Japan. However, its precise mechanism of action remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, we developed a new animal model of menopausal sleep disorders by inducing social isolation stress in ovariectomized mice. Using pentobarbital-induced sleeping time as an index, we aimed to investigate the effects of KSS and involvement of the benzodiazepine receptors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight-week-old, female ddY mice were ovariectomized or subjected to a sham operation (control) and housed in social isolation or groups for 9 weeks. The animals were divided into four groups, group-housed sham-operated, isolated sham-operated, group-housed ovariectomized, and socially isolated ovariectomized. Pentobarbital (50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.). Sleeping time was considered the period between the loss of righting reflex and its return (up to 180 min). KSS was administered orally (p.o.) 60 min before the test. Diazepam and flumazenil were administered i.p. 30 and 45 min before the test, respectively. On the day after administration, the mice were euthanized, and their uteri were weighed. RESULTS Socially isolated, ovariectomized mice had shorter sleeping times than mice in all other groups. In mice with intact ovaries, diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) considerably prolonged the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, but KSS (30-1000 mg/kg, p.o.) did not. However, KSS (100 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly prolonged the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in socially isolated ovariectomized mice. The prolongation of sleeping time mediated by KSS was reversed by flumazenil (3 mg/kg, i.p.). CONCLUSIONS KSS potentiated pentobarbital-induced sleep in socially isolated, ovariectomized mice, and the benzodiazepine receptors are possibly involved in its pharmacological mechanism. These findings suggest that KSS is beneficial for the treatment of menopausal sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Egashira
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yu Goto
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Hikari Iba
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Rikako Kawanaka
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Ryota Takahashi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Chise Taniguchi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Takuya Watanabe
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Kaori Kubota
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan; A.I.G. Collaborative Research Institute for Aging and Brain Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Shutaro Katsurabayashi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Katsunori Iwasaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan; A.I.G. Collaborative Research Institute for Aging and Brain Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
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Topal M, Ozturk Sarıkaya SB, Topal F. Determination of
Angelica archangelica
’s Antioxidant Capacity and Mineral Content. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Topal
- Gumushane University Vocational School of Health Services Gumushane 29100 Turkey
| | - S. Beyza Ozturk Sarıkaya
- Gumushane University Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Department of Food Engineering Gumushane 29100 Turkey
| | - Fevzi Topal
- Gumushane University Department of Chemical and Chemical Processing Technologies Laboratory Technology Program Gumushane Vocational School Gumushane 29100 Turkey
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Choi KO, Kim D, Lim JD, Ko S, Hong GP, Lee S. Functional enhancement of ultrafine Angelica gigas powder by spray-drying microencapsulation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Hu Z, Oh S, Ha TW, Hong JT, Oh KW. Sleep-Aids Derived from Natural Products. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:343-349. [PMID: 29929351 PMCID: PMC6029681 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although drugs such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines are often used for the treatment of insomnia, they are associated with various side effects such as habituations, tolerance and addiction. Alternatively, natural products with minimal unwanted effects have been preferred for the treatment of acute and/or mild insomnia, with additional benefits of overall health-promotion. Basic and clinical researches on the mechanisms of action of natural products have been carried out so far in insomnia treatments. Recent studies have been focusing on diverse chemical components available in natural products, with an interest of developing drugs that can improve sleep duration and quality. In the last 15 years, our co-workers have been actively looking for candidate substances from natural products that can relieve insomnia. This review is, therefore, intended to bring pharmacological data regarding to the effects of natural products on sleep duration and quality, mainly through the activation of GABAA receptors. It is imperative that phytochemicals will provide useful information during electroencephalography (EEG) analysis and serve as an alternative medications for insomnia patients who are reluctant to use conventional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 33006, China
| | - Seikwan Oh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and TIDRC, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Ha
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Osong 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Tae Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Osong 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Wan Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Osong 28160, Republic of Korea
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Phthalides: Distribution in Nature, Chemical Reactivity, Synthesis, and Biological Activity. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 104 2017; 104:127-246. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45618-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Woo JH, Ha TW, Kang JS, Hong JT, Oh KW. Potentiation of decursinol angelate on pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors via the activation of GABA A-ergic systems in rodents. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 21:27-36. [PMID: 28066138 PMCID: PMC5214908 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Angelicae Gigantis Radix (AGR, Angelica gigas) has been used for a long time as a traditional folk medicine in Korea and oriental countries. Decursinol angelate (DCA) is structurally isomeric decursin, one of the major components of AGR. This study was performed to confirm whether DCA augments pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors via the activation of GABAA-ergic systems in animals. Oral administration of DCA (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg) markedly suppressed spontaneous locomotor activity. DCA also prolonged sleeping time, and decreased the sleep latency by pentobarbital (42 mg/kg), in a dose-dependent manner, similar to muscimol, both at the hypnotic (42 mg/kg) and sub-hypnotic (28 mg/kg) dosages. Especially, DCA increased the number of sleeping animals in the sub-hypnotic dosage. DCA (50 mg/kg, p.o.) itself modulated sleep architectures; DCA reduced the counts of sleep/wake cycles. At the same time, DCA increased total sleep time, but not non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. In the molecular experiments. DCA (0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 µg/ml) increased intracellular Cl- influx level in hypothalamic primary cultured neuronal cells of rats. In addition, DCA increased the protein expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65/67) and GABAA receptors subtypes. Taken together, these results suggest that DCA potentiates pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors through the activation of GABAA-ergic systems, and can be useful in the treatment of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Ha
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, 48434, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Ki-Wan Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Ogawa Y, Fujii Y, Sugiyama R, Konishi T. The role of the seven crude drug components in the sleep-promoting effect of Yokukansan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 177:19-27. [PMID: 26611914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yokukansan is a traditional Japanese "Kampo" medicine derived from Yi-Gan San in traditional Chinese medicine. Many studies have been published on its effects and mechanisms. In this study, we focused on the sleep-promoting effects of Yokukansan. AIM OF THE STUDY Yokukansan composes of seven crude drugs: Uncaria Hook, Bupleurm Root, Cnidium Rhizome, Japanese Angelica Root, Poria Sclerotium, Atractylodes Lancea Rhizome, and Glycyrrhiza. Although each has distinctive effects in isolation, they combine to work as a sleep aid in the Yokukansan formula. We examined the roles of the seven crude drug components in the sleep-promoting effect of Yokukansan. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, we used an easy in vivo assay method which we developed previously to screen sleeping substances using thermography. This assay method focuses on the decrease in skin temperature of mice during sleep inducement. RESULTS By administering the crude drug components of Yokukansan one at a time, it was possible to separate them into two groups: those that caused a decrease in body temperature (Uncaria Hook, Bupleurm Root, Cnidium rhizome, and Japanese Angelica root) and those that did not (Poria Sclerotium, Atractylodes Lancea Rhizome, and Glycyrrhiza). Accordingly, it was thought that the crude drugs causing a drop in body temperature were responsible for promoting sleep, while those in the other group would have no such effect in isolation. To investigate whether the crude drugs that did not cause a decrease in body temperature might be unnecessary for the sleep-promoting effect of Yokukansan, a number of decoctions were prepared using only six of the seven crude drug components, excluding a different crude drug in each case. Results showed that when any of the three components (Poria Sclerotium, Atractylodes Lancea Rhizome, or Glycyrrhiza) of Yokukansan that had no effect on body temperature in isolation were removed from Yokukansan, the resulting extract no longer had any of Yokukansan's sleep-promoting effects. This result suggested that these three crude drug components were involved indirectly in the activity of Yokukansan, by supporting other crude drugs. The interactions of the three supporting crude drugs were then examined further. As a result, a combination of Poria Sclerotium, Atractylodes Lancea Rhizome, and Glycyrrhiza was found to cause a decrease in body temperature, even though none of the three crude drugs had this effect in isolation. When an extract prepared by infusing the three crude drugs together was tested alongside extracts made by infusing the three crude drugs separately, the latter showed no effect and there were differences between the two in constituent analysis by HPLC. These results indicate that some reactions may occur during extraction. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study show that all crude drug components of Yokukansan contribute to its sleep-promoting effects. This is the first report to show the role of the seven clude drug components in the sleep-inducing effects of Yokukansan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ogawa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1, Fujushirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yuuko Fujii
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Reina Sugiyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tenji Konishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
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Lee B, Sur B, Shim I, Lee H, Hahm DH. Angelica gigas ameliorate depression-like symptoms in rats following chronic corticosterone injection. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:210. [PMID: 26138544 PMCID: PMC4490640 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated injection of corticosterone (CORT) induces dysregulation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, resulting in depression. We examined the effects of Angelica gigas extract (AGN) treatment in a rat model of depressive and anxiety-like behaviors, induced by chronic CORT exposure. METHODS Male rats received 10, 20, or 50 mg/kg AGN (i.p.) 30 min prior to a daily injection of CORT for 21 consecutive days. Activation of the HPA axis in response to the repeated CORT injections was confirmed by measuring serum levels of CORT and the expression of corticotropin-releasing factor in the hypothalamus. RESULTS Daily AGN administration significantly reversed the depression and anxiety-like behavioral abnormalities. It also blocked increases in tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the locus coeruleus, and suppressed the decreased expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB mRNAs in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that administration of AGN prior to high-dose exogenous CORT significantly improved helpless behaviors, possibly by modulating the central noradrenergic system and regulation of BDNF expression in rats. Thus, AGN may be a useful agent for the treatment or alleviation of psychiatric disorders associated with depression and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bombi Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bongjun Sur
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
- BK21 PLUS Korean Medicine Science Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea
| | - Hyejung Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Hahm
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 PLUS Korean Medicine Science Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea.
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He Y, Li Q, Bi K. Simultaneous determination of six active components by a single standard to determine multicomponents combined with fingerprint analysis for the quality control of Rhizoma Chuanxiong. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1090-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei He
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
- National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
- National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
- National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
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Koga N, Yamaguchi T, Lee KK, Kobayashi H. Kososan, a standardized traditional Japanese herbal medicine, reverses sleep disturbance in socially isolated mice via GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor complex activation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:697-703. [PMID: 24300331 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Kososan (KSS), a traditional Japanese medicine with a distinct aroma, is clinically used to treat affective disorders but its antidepressant-like effect has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we investigated the effects of inhaled and orally administered KSS on sleep disturbances in socially isolated mice. METHODS Four-weeks-old male ddy mice were housed either in social isolation or in groups for 4-6 weeks before the experiment. KSS was orally administered (0.5 or 1.0 g/kg) or inhaled (0.5, 1.0, or 2.5 g/0.125 m(3)) 60 min before pentobarbital administration. Stress levels in mice were evaluated by the duration of pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. RESULTS Sleeping time was shorter in socially-isolated mice than in group-housed mice. Oral and inhaled KSS prolonged sleeping time in stressed mice, but had no effect on sleeping time of group-housed mice. Prolonged sleeping time after oral KSS was significantly inhibited (p<0.05) by bicuculline (3 mg/kg, i.p.), a GABAA antagonist, but not by flumazenil (3 mg/kg, i.p.), a selective benzodiazepine antagonist. Prolonged sleeping time after KSS inhalation was significantly inhibited (p<0.05) by flumazenil but not by bicuculline. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that KSS activates GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor complex and reverses shortened pentobarbital-induced sleep caused by social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Koga
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Takuji Yamaguchi
- Center for Advanced Kampo Medicine and Clinical Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Tsumura Research Laboratory, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Keiko K Lee
- Center for Advanced Kampo Medicine and Clinical Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Center for Advanced Kampo Medicine and Clinical Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Lee B, Sur B, Kwon S, Shim I, Lee H, Hahm DH. Inhibitory effects ofAngelica gigasextract on memory deficits induced by chronic stress in the rat. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2013.879922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Wu K, Wang ZZ, Liu D, Qi XR. Pharmacokinetics, brain distribution, release and blood-brain barrier transport of Shunaoxin pills. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 151:1133-1140. [PMID: 24373808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shunaoxin pills, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) product, have been used to treat cerebrovascular diseases in China since 2005. The main active components of Shunaoxin pills are ferulic acid and ligustilide from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, Umbelliferae) and Danggui (Angelica sinensis radix, Umbelliferae). As Shunaoxin shows excellent activity in the central nervous system (CNS), the extent to which the major constituents of Shunaoxin reach the CNS should be investigated. Moreover, the in vivo-in vitro correlations (IVIVC) of the formulation should be studied to elucidate the mechanisms of action of TCM in the CNS. However, these data have not previously been available. Thus we intended to investigate what the extent when these constituents of Shunaoxin pills reach the CNS, and evaluate the IVIVC of release and pharmacokinetics. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we evaluated the release of ferulic acid and ligustilide from Shunaoxin pills, and their transport across an in vitro model of the BBB. We also evaluated their pharmacokinetics and brain distribution in vivo. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify both compounds simultaneously. Based on the release in vitro and absorption of ferulic acid and ligustilide in vivo, IVIVC permitted prediction of the pharmacokinetics of these compounds. RESULTS The release of ferulic acid and ligustilide reached a platform phase within 1h. Ferulic acid and ligustilide rapidly crossed the BBB in different patterns; the transport ratio increased over time. After intragastric (i.g.) administration of Shunaoxin pills, ferulic acid and ligustilide were rapidly absorbed and distributed into brain, which may result in a rapid onset of action. CONCLUSIONS Ferulic acid and ligustilide were transported across a model BBB. After i.g. administration of Shunaoxin pills, ferulic acid and ligustilide were rapidly absorbed and distributed in brain; this may lead to rapid pharmacological onset. The IVIVC can be used to predict in vivo pharmacokinetics from in vitro experimental results. These results provide support for the clinical use of Shunaoxin pills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhan-Zhang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Tianjin No. 6 Traditional Chinese Medicine Factory of Zhongxin Pharmaceuticals Group Co., Ltd. Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Xian-Rong Qi
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Guo J, Pan W, Qian D, Duan JA, Shang E, Tang Y. Analgesic activity of DaChuanXiongFang after intranasal administration and its potential active components in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:649-654. [PMID: 24076473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE DaChuanXiongFang was a well-known formula originated from Jin Dynasty, China. It has been used in both China and Japan to treat migraine. In the present study, the analgesic and sedative efficacy of DaChuanXiongFang ethanol extract (DCXFEE) after intranasal administration was tested and compared with that by intragastric route. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three mice experimental models: acetic acid-induced writhing response test, hot-plate latent pain response test and pentobarbital-induced sleep model were used to evaluate DCXFEE activity. To further explore the in vivo potential active components of DCXFEE that contribute to the difference of activity induced by different administration route, ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS) was utilized to analyze components in rat brain after given DCXFEE (60 mg/kg). RESULTS DCXFEE showed analgesic efficacy after intranasal administration (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg) in acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. While after intragastric administration, DCXFEE only showed analgesic efficacy at high dose (60 mg/kg). Moreover, the analgesic potency was weaker after intragastric administration compared with that after intranasal administration at the same dose (60 mg/kg). Similar results were obtained in hot-plate latent pain response test in mice. DCXFEE (60 mg/kg) had no sedative effect after intranasal and intragastric administration. No components originated from DCXFEE were identified in rat brain 15 min after oral administration. One major parent component ligustilide was detected in rat brain after intranasal administration. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that DCXFEE had faster onset of action as well as better analgesic efficacy after intranasal administration than that after intragastric administration. DCXFEE has no sedative activity on potentiation of pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice given by both routes. Ligustilide might represents the potential major bioactive component of DCXFEE after intranasal administration and contribute to its analgesic activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, PR China
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Li W, Tang Y, Chen Y, Duan JA. Advances in the chemical analysis and biological activities of chuanxiong. Molecules 2012; 17:10614-51. [PMID: 22955453 PMCID: PMC6268834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules170910614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuan-Xiong, CX), the dried rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae), is one of the most popular plant medicines in the World. Modern research indicates that organic acids, phthalides, alkaloids, polysaccharides, ceramides and cerebrosides are main components responsible for the bioactivities and properties of CX. Because of its complex constituents, multidisciplinary techniques are needed to validate the analytical methods that support CX's use worldwide. In the past two decades, rapid development of technology has advanced many aspects of CX research. The aim of this review is to illustrate the recent advances in the chemical analysis and biological activities of CX, and to highlight new applications and challenges. Emphasis is placed on recent trends and emerging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuping Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China
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He CY, Wang S, Feng Y, Liang S, Lin X, Xu DS, Ruan KF. Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and metabolism of senkyunolide I, a major bioactive component in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 142:706-13. [PMID: 22668502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae) is widely prescribed for treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China for centuries. One of the major bioactive components in L. chuanxiong is senkyunolide I (SEI), which shows pharmacological activities in anti-migraine and anti-oxidative damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aim of this study was to investigate in vivo pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and metabolism of SEI in rats. The concentrations of SEI in plasma and tissues were determined by a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using and non-compartmental analysis. The metabolites were identified using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method. RESULTS After oral and intravenous administration, SEI was quickly eliminated from plasma and its oral bioavailability (BA) was about 37.25%, which was smaller than intraportal BA (81.17%), but similar to intraduodenal BA (36.91%), suggesting that gastric first-pass effect of SEI is negligible, and hepatic first-pass effect was approximately 18.83%. After oral administration, SEI could penetrate blood brain barrier and extensively distribute in tested tissues, with the descending order of AUC being kidney, liver, lung, muscle, brain, heart, thymus, and spleen in rat. The parent compound and nine metabolites were found and identified in rat bile after oral administration of SEI (36 mg/kg). The metabolic mechanism of SEI in rat mainly involves methylation, glucuronidation and glutathione conjugation during the phase II biotransformation pathway in rats. CONCLUSIONS The information gained here may provide a meaningful basis for clinical application of such a bioactive compound of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yong He
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
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Zhou Y, Ren Y, Ma Z, Jia G, Gao X, Zhang L, Qin X. Identification and quantification of the major volatile constituents in antidepressant active fraction of xiaoyaosan by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:187-192. [PMID: 22366681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xiaoyaosan (XYS), a well-known formula for relieving depression, was originated from the book of "Taiping Huimin Heji Jufang" in Song Dynasty (960-1127 AD), composed of Radix Bupleuri, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Poria, Herba Menthae, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens and Radix Glycyrrhizae with dose proportion of 6:6:6:6:6:3:2:2. It is commonly used for the treatment of depression-related syndromes in China. In the formula, Radix Bupleuri usually serves as the principal drug, Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Radix Paeoniae Alba serve as the ministerial drugs, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Poria, Herba Menthae and Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens serve as adjunctive drugs, Radix Glycyrrhizae serves as messenger drug, they coordinate with each other and enhance the effect of the formula. In our previous experiments, the antidepressant effect of XYS was revealed. However, the antidepressant part (or component) of this prescription was still obscure. MATERIALS AND METHODS An experimental despair animal model: the mice tail suspension test (TST) was used to evaluate the antidepressant activity of XYS and its fractions. GC-MS method was developed to identify the volatile components and determine 4 major volatile components in active fraction. RESULTS In the TST test, the effect of a low polar fraction (XY-EA) was superior to other fractions of XYS. 13 volatile compounds in the XY-EA were identified on the basis of standards, isolation and structural determination in our laboratory, NIST 05 database and literature data. The content of 4 major volatile compounds in XY-EA which is 6.703%. CONCLUSIONS The petroleum ether fraction (XY-EA) appears to be the active fraction of XYS. 4 major components Z-ligustilide, palmitic acid, atractylenolide I, and atractylenolide II may be the antidepressant active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
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Katoh A, Fukuda S, Fukusaki E, Hashimoto T, Hayasaki T, Kanaya S, Komura H, Nomoto K, Shojo M, Takeno KJ. Systems Biology in a Commercial Quality Study of the Japanese Angelica Radix: Toward an Understanding of Traditional Medicinal Plants. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 39:757-77. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x11009172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The commercial quality of Japanese Angelica radices — Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa (Yamato-toki) and A. acutiloba Kitagawa var. sugiyama Hikino (Hokkai-toki) — used in Kampo traditional herbal medicines, was studied by use of omics technologies. Complementary and alternative medical providers have observed in their clinical experience that differences in radix commercial quality reflect the differences in pharmacological responses; however, there has been little scientific examination of this phenomenon. The approach of omics, including metabolomics, transcriptomics, genomics, and informatics revealed a distinction between the radix-quality grades based on their metabolites, gene expression in human subjects, and plant genome sequences. Systems biology, constructing a network of omics data used to analyze this complex system, is expected to be a powerful tool for enhancing the study of radix quality and furthering a comprehensive understanding of all medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Katoh
- Core Laboratory, Nara Prefectural Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Support Corporation, 88 Shijo, Kashihara, Nara 634-0813, Japan
| | - Shinzo Fukuda
- Fukuda-Shoten, 477 Abeshinmachi, Sakurai, Nara 633-0054, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hayasaki
- Oriental Medicine Research Center, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Kanaya
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hajime Komura
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Bioorganic Research Institute (SUNBOR), Wakayamadai 1-1-1, Shimamoto, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Nomoto
- Core Laboratory, Nara Prefectural Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Support Corporation, 88 Shijo, Kashihara, Nara 634-0813, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shojo
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kanokwan Jumtee Takeno
- Department of Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Alleviation of Morphine Withdrawal Signs but Not Tolerance by the Essential Oil of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:847096. [PMID: 22829859 PMCID: PMC3398661 DOI: 10.1155/2012/847096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of chronic and acute treatment of the essential oil (EO) of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. on the development of morphine tolerance and dependence in mice. Mice were rendered tolerant to and dependent on morphine by subcutaneous injection of morphine over a period of 5 days. Tolerance was assessed using the tail-pinch test and withdrawal signs of morphine were precipitated by injecting naloxone 2 h after the final morphine injection. Repeated injection of the EO of K. odoratissima (5 and 10 mg/kg) for 4 days significantly suppressed morphine-withdrawal jumps, a sign of the development of dependence to opiate as assessed by naloxone precipitation withdrawal on day 5 of testing. A single injection (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) of the EO on day 5, 1 h prior to morphine failed to produce any significant change in morphine withdrawal signs. Neither the acute nor the chronic administration of EO of the K. odoratissima did significantly influence the development of tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine. Alleviation in morphine signs of withdrawal after chronic injection with K. odoratissima is indicative of reversal of neuronal adaptation that takes place during morphine presence in the brain.
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Wei Y, Hu J, Li H, Liu J. Preparative isolation and purification of senkyunolide-I, senkyunolide-H and ferulic acid from Rhizoma Chuanxiong using counter-current chromatography. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3426-32. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zhou Y, Lu L, Li Z, Gao X, Tian J, Zhang L, Wu B, Qin X. Antidepressant-like effects of the fractions of Xiaoyaosan on rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:236-244. [PMID: 21640181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xiaoyaosan (XYS), composed of Radix Bupleuri, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Poria, Herba Menthae, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens and Radix Glycyrrhizae, is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) which is used for the treatment of depression in China. In the formula, Radix Bupleuri usually serves as the principal drug, Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Radix Paeoniae Alba serve as the ministerial drugs, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Poria, Herba Menthae and Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens serve as adjunctive drugs, Radix Glycyrrhizae serves as messenger drug, they coordinate with each other and enhance the effect of the formula. In our previous experiments, the antidepressant effect of XYS was revealed. However, the antidepressant part (or component) of this prescription was still obscure. We divided the XYS into five different polar fractions, and explored the antidepressant activity of five different polar fractions to identify the active fraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Behavior research and metabonomics method based on (1)H NMR were used for efficacy study of different fractions in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model of depression. Rats were divided into 8 groups and drugs were administered during the 21 days model building period. The urine samples of rats were collected overnight (12h) on 21 day and the metabolic profiling of the urine was measured using NMR. Multivariate analysis was also utilized to evaluate the active fraction of XYS. RESULTS In the behavior research, there were significant difference between the lipophilic fraction group (XY-A) and the model group. In addition, with pattern recognition analysis of urinary metabolites, the results showed a clear separation of the model group and control group, while XY-A group was much closer to the control group in the OSC-PLS score plot. Seven endogenous metabolites contributing to the separation of the model group and control group were detected, while XY-A group regulated the 5 perturbed metabolites showing a tendency of recovering to control group. CONCLUSIONS The present work suggested that petroleum ether fraction was the most effective fraction, implying that lipophilic components contribute to the antidepressant effect of XYS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
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León A, Toscano RA, Tortoriello J, Delgado G. Phthalides and other constituents from Ligusticum porteri; sedative and spasmolytic activities of some natural products and derivatives. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:1234-42. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.534735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra León
- a Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria , Coyoacán 04510, México
| | - Rubén A. Toscano
- a Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria , Coyoacán 04510, México
| | - Jaime Tortoriello
- b Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Centro de Investigación de Plantas Medicinales , IMSS, Argentina No. 1, Xochitepec, Morelos 62790, México
| | - Guillermo Delgado
- a Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria , Coyoacán 04510, México
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Effects of Japanese traditional medicines on circulating cytokine levels in women with hot flashes. Menopause 2011; 18:85-92. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181e5063c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Egashira N, Nogami A, Iwasaki K, Ishibashi A, Uchida N, Takasaki K, Mishima K, Nishimura R, Oishi R, Fujiwara M. Yokukansan Enhances Pentobarbital-Induced Sleep in Socially Isolated Mice: Possible Involvement of GABAA – Benzodiazepine Receptor Complex. J Pharmacol Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11079sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Terauchi M, Hiramitsu S, Akiyoshi M, Owa Y, Kato K, Obayashi S, Matsushima E, Kubota T. Effects of three Kampo formulae: Tokishakuyakusan (TJ-23), Kamishoyosan (TJ-24), and Keishibukuryogan (TJ-25) on Japanese peri- and postmenopausal women with sleep disturbances. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2010; 284:913-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-010-1779-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Katoh A, Ninomiya Y. Relationship between content of pharmacological components and grade of Japanese Angelica radixes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 130:35-42. [PMID: 20434533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Japanese Angelica radix (Angelicaacutiloba Kitagawa radix; Yamato-toki), is classified into one of the three grades: excellent-, middle- and low-grade. Even though herbal doctors and Kampo pharmacists have observed that radix grades correspond to their pharmacological response in clinical experience, these observations has not been documented with supporting scientific evidence in the literature. In the current study, relationship between content of pharmacological components and the grade of radixes was reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pharmacological effect of methanol extracts of excellent- and low-grade radixes was compared using assay of inhibition of acetylcholine-induced contraction in guinea pig ileum. Pharmacological contents of the radix were quantitatively measured by HPLC analysis. RESULTS Excellent-grade radixes showed lower activity than low-grade radixes on the inhibition assay for ileum contraction. (Z)-Ligustilide content of the excellent-grade radixes was statistically significantly lower than that of other grades of radixes (p-value by Student's t-test: 6.9x10(-4)). A regression equation was obtained from assessing the inhibitory activity of a (Z)-ligustilide standard at various concentrations. Comparison of the inhibitory activity values, which were estimated by the regression equation, and the actual activity values, which were determined using the assay, indicated that ligustilide is the factor that dominantly affects the activity. The ligustilide concentration of hot water extracts of radixes was determined. The concentration in the hot water extracts and the content of the radixes was positively correlated based on a Pearson correlation test. This result suggests that ligustilide extracted by infusion depends on its radix content. CONCLUSIONS There are differences in (Z)-ligustilide content and its pharmacological activity depending on the grade of Japanese Angelica radix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Katoh
- Core Laboratory, Nara Prefectural Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Support Corporation, 88 Shijo, Kashihara, Nara 634-0813, Japan.
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Undieh AS. Pharmacology of signaling induced by dopamine D(1)-like receptor activation. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 128:37-60. [PMID: 20547182 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine D(1)-like receptors consisting of D(1) and D(5) subtypes are intimately implicated in dopaminergic regulation of fundamental neurophysiologic processes such as mood, motivation, cognitive function, and motor activity. Upon stimulation, D(1)-like receptors initiate signal transduction cascades that are mediated through adenylyl cyclase or phosphoinositide metabolism, with subsequent enhancement of multiple downstream kinase cascades. The latter actions propagate and further amplify the receptor signals, thus predisposing D(1)-like receptors to multifaceted interactions with various other mediators and receptor systems. The adenylyl cyclase response to dopamine or selective D(1)-like receptor agonists is reliably associated with the D(1) subtype, while emerging evidence indicates that the phosphoinositide responses in native brain tissues may be preferentially mediated through stimulation of the D(5) receptor. Besides classic coupling of each receptor subtype to specific G proteins, additional biophysical models are advanced in attempts to account for differential subcellular distribution, heteromolecular oligomerization, and activity-dependent selectivity of the receptors. It is expected that significant advances in understanding of dopamine neurobiology will emerge from current and anticipated studies directed at uncovering the molecular mechanisms of D(5) coupling to phosphoinositide signaling, the structural features that might enhance pharmacological selectivity for D(5) versus D(1) subtypes, the mechanism by which dopamine may modulate phosphoinositide synthesis, the contributions of the various responsive signal mediators to D(1) or D(5) interactions with D(2)-like receptors, and the spectrum of dopaminergic functions that may be attributed to each receptor subtype and signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashiwel S Undieh
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, 130 South 9th Street, Suite 1510, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Abstract
A number of essential oils are currently in use as aromatherapy agents to relieve anxiety, stress, and depression. Popular anxiolytic oils include lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), rose (Rosa damascena), orange (Citrus sinensis), bergamot (Citrus aurantium), lemon (Citrus limon), sandalwood (Santalum album), clary sage (Salvia sclarea), Roman chamomile (Anthemis nobilis), and rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium spp.). This review discusses the chemical constituents and CNS effects of these aromatherapeutic essential oils, as well as recent studies on additional essential oils with anxiolytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA
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Yasui T, Yamada M, Uemura H, Ueno SI, Numata S, Ohmori T, Tsuchiya N, Noguchi M, Yuzurihara M, Kase Y, Irahara M. Changes in circulating cytokine levels in midlife women with psychological symptoms with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and Japanese traditional medicine. Maturitas 2009; 62:146-52. [PMID: 19179025 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to compare the effects on serum cytokine concentrations of paroxetine, a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, and kamishoyosan, a Japanese traditional medicine, in midlife women with psychological symptoms. METHODS Seventy-six women with psychological symptoms such as anxiety and mild depression as menopausal symptoms were enrolled in this study. Thirty-eight women received oral administration of 10mg paroxetine every day, and 38 women received oral administration of kamshoyosan every day for 6 months. Overall climacteric symptoms were assessed using Greene's climacteric scale. Serum levels of cytokines were measured using a multiplexed human cytokine assay. RESULTS Greene's total scores in both women treated with paroxetine and in women treated with kamishoyosan decreased significantly. Percentage decreases in Greene's total, psychological and vasomotor scores during the 6-month period in the paroxetine group were significantly greater than those in the kamishoyosan group. Serum IL-6 concentration in women treated with paroxetine decreased significantly. Serum concentrations of IL-8, IL-10, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1beta and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in women treated with paroxetine decreased significantly. On the other hand, serum IL-6 concentration in women treated with kamishoyosan decreased significantly, but other serum concentrations did not change significantly. CONCLUSION Decrease in IL-6 concentration may be involved in the mechanism of the actions of both paroxetine and kamishoyosan in women with psychological symptoms, and IL-6 may therefore be useful as a marker of treatment. The action of paroxetine may also be associated with decreases in IL-8, IL-10, MIP-1beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yasui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Course of Human Development, Human Development and Health Science, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
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Guo J, Duan JA, Shang EX, Tang Y, Qian D. Determination of ligustilide in rat brain after nasal administration of essential oil from Rhizoma Chuanxiong. Fitoterapia 2009; 80:168-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dietz BM, Liu D, Hagos GK, Yao P, Schinkovitz A, Pro SM, Deng S, Farnsworth NR, Pauli GF, van Breemen RB, Bolton JL. Angelica sinensis and its alkylphthalides induce the detoxification enzyme NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 by alkylating Keap1. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:1939-48. [PMID: 18808158 DOI: 10.1021/tx8001274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The roots of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Dang Gui; Apiaceae) have a long history in traditional Chinese medicine as a remedy for women's disorders and are often called "lady's ginseng". Currently, extracts of A. sinensis are commonly included in numerous dietary supplements used for women's health and as antiaging products. In the present study, we examined the potential chemopreventive activity of A. sinensis extracts by measuring the relative ability to induce the detoxification enzyme, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). The lipophilic partitions showed strong NQO1 induction with concentrations to double the enzyme activity (CD) of 5.5 +/- 0.7 (petroleum ether) and 3.9 +/- 0.5 microg/mL (chloroform). Fractionation led to the isolation of phenolic esters and alkylphthalides, especially Z-ligustilide, the main lipophilic compound, which showed strong NQO1 inducing properties (CD = 6.9 +/- 1.9 microM). Transcription of many detoxifying enzymes is regulated through the antioxidant response element (ARE) and its transcription factor Nrf2, which is repressed under basal conditions by Keap1. However, exposure to electrophilic inducers that alkylate Keap1 results in higher concentrations of free Nrf2 and ARE activation. The ARE reporter activity was therefore analyzed in HepG2-ARE-C8 cells after incubation with lipophilic extracts of A. sinensis or ligustilide for 24 h. Under these conditions, both the extract and the ligustilide increased ARE-luciferase reporter activity in a dose-dependent manner. Incubation of ligustilide with GSH and subsequent LC-MS-MS analysis revealed that ligustilide as well as oxidized ligustilide species covalently modified GSH. In addition, using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and LC-MS-MS, it was demonstrated that the lipophilic extracts, ligustilide, and monooxygenated ligustilide alkylated important cysteine residues in human Keap1 protein, thus activating Nrf2 and transcription of ARE regulated genes. These observations suggest that A. sinensis dietary supplements standardized to ligustilide have potential as chemopreventive agents through induction of detoxification enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit M Dietz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, USA.
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Huang SH, Chen CC, Lin CM, Chiang BH. Antioxidant and flavor properties of Angelica sinensis extracts as affected by processing. J Food Compost Anal 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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The analysis of Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Danggui). J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:1991-2001. [PMID: 18667208 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Revised: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radix Angelicae Sinensis, known as Danggui in China, is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), which is contained by more than 80 composite formulae. Modern researches indicate that phthalides, organic acids and their esters, polysaccharides are main chemical components related to the bioactivities and pharmacological properties of Danggui. Some of them, such as Z-ligustilide and ferulic acid, are selected as marker compounds to evaluate the quality of Danggui frequently. Because of the diversity of chemical structures and characters of these components, analytical methods of Danggui are various, including GC-MS, HPLC-DAD-MS, TLC, CE-DAD, and so on. Besides that, the development of analytical technology makes the quality control of Danggui more effective and reliable. Quality evaluation is from single or several components' analysis to fingerprinting, or in combination. Furthermore, bioactive components screening of Danggui has also attracted much attention, which will help us evaluate the selected marker components to some extent. In this paper, the literatures about the major phytoconstituents of Danggui, quality control and bioactive components screening methods have been reviewed. Main attention is given to the different methodologies developed to perform chemical analysis, including separation, detection and identification.
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Wei XH, Cheng XM, Shen JS, Wang ZT. Antidepressant effect of Yueju-Wan ethanol extract and its fractions in mice models of despair. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 117:339-344. [PMID: 18343064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Yueju-Wan (YJ), a traditional Chinese medicinal formula, is commonly used for the treatment of depression-related syndromes in China. This study was conducted to evaluate the antidepressant activity of YJ ethanol extract (YJ-E) and its four different fractions, the petroleum ether fraction (YJ-EA), ethyl acetate fraction (YJ-EB), n-butanol fraction (YJ-EC) and final aqueous fraction (YJ-ED). MATERIALS AND METHODS Two experimental despair animal models: the mice tail suspension test (TST) and the mice forced swimming test (FST) were used to evaluate the antidepressant activity of YJ-E and its fractions. These extracts or fractions were administered orally for 7 days, while the parallel positive control was given at the same time using fluoxetine hydrochloride (FLU) in TST and imipramine hydrochloride (IMI) in FST respectively. RESULTS YJ-E high dose (YJ-E2), YJ-EA, YJ-EC and the positive control groups could decrease the duration of immobility in the TST and FST and have no significant changes in locomotor activity. YJ-E low dose (YJ-E1), YJ-EB, YJ-ED and the vehicle solvent (VEH) control group have no obvious effect on these same tests. CONCLUSIONS In these despair animal models, YJ ethanol extract, the petroleum ether fraction and n-butanol fraction show potent antidepressant effects. The petroleum ether fraction and n-butanol fraction appear to be the active fractions of YJ-E.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Wei
- Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Yan R, Ko NL, Li SL, Tam YK, Lin G. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ligustilide, a major bioactive component in Rhizoma Chuanxiong, in the rat. Drug Metab Dispos 2007; 36:400-8. [PMID: 18039808 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.107.017707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligustilide is the most abundant bioactive ingredient in Rhizoma Chuanxiong, a Chinese medicinal herb commonly used for the treatment of cardiovascular ailments. The present study reported, for the first time, the pharmacokinetics of ligustilide, administered in its pure form and in an herbal extract, in rats. After i.v. administration of pure ligustilide, it was distributed extensively (V(d), 3.76 +/- 1.23 l/kg) and eliminated rapidly (t(1/2), 0.31 +/- 0.12 h). The i.v. clearance (CL) of ligustilide after Chuanxiong extract administration was significantly higher than that dosed in its pure form [CL, 20.35 +/- 3.05 versus 9.14 +/- 1.27 l/h/kg, p < 0.01; area under the curve (AUC), 0.79 +/- 0.10 versus 1.81 +/- 0.24 mg x h/l, p < 0.01], suggesting significant interaction between ligustilide and components present in the extract. Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics was observed after i.p. administration, and a significantly higher dose-normalized AUC (1.77 +/- 0.23 mg x h/l) at 52 mg/kg was obtained than that at 26 mg/kg (0.93 +/- 0.07 mg x h/l, p < 0.05). Oral bioavailability of ligustilide was low (2.6%), which was partly because of extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver. Seven metabolites of ligustilide were identified, and three of them were unequivocally characterized as butylidenephthalide, senkyunolide I, and senkyunolide H. These three compounds also occurred naturally in the herb and were reported to be bioactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR
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Oh JK, Kim YS, Park HJ, Lim EM, Pyun KH, Shim I. Antidepressant effects of Soyo-san on Immobilization stress in ovariectomized female rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1422-6. [PMID: 17666797 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Soyo-san is a traditional oriental medicinal formula, a mixture of 9 crude drugs, and it has been clinically used for treating mild depressive disorders. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of Soyo-san on repeated stress-induced alterations of learning and memory on a Morris water maze (MWM) task and also the anxiety-related behavior on the elevated pulse maze (EPM) in ovariectomized female rats. We assessed the changes in the reactivity of the cholinergic system by measuring the immunoreactive neurons of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and reactivity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the hippocampus, and the serum levels of corticosterone were assessed after behavioral testing. The female rats were randomly divided into three groups: the nonoperated and nonstressed group (normal), the ovariectomized and stressed group (control), and the ovariectomized, stressed and Soyo-san treated group (SOY). The rats were exposed to immobilization stress (IMO) for 14 d (2 h/d), and Soyo-san (400 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 30 min before IMO stress. Treatments with SOY caused significant reversals of the stress-induced deficits in learning and memory on a spatial memory task, and it also produced an anxiolytic-like effect on the EPM, and increased the ChAT and AChE reactivities (p<0.05, respectively). The serum level of corticosterone in the SOY group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p<0.05). These results suggest that Soyo-san might prove to be an effective antidepressant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyung Oh
- Department of Oriental Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seochon-ri, Kiheung-eup, Youngin-shi, Kyungji-do 449-701, South Korea
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Yu Y, Du JR, Wang CY, Qian ZM. Protection against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury by Z-ligustilide in PC12 cells. Exp Brain Res 2007; 184:307-12. [PMID: 17717647 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-007-1100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Z-ligustilide (Z-LIG) is the primary lipophilic compound of the Chinese medicine Danggui (Radix Angelica sinensis). Previous studies demonstrated that Z-LIG had significant neuroprotective potential in both transient and permanent cerebral ischemia, possibly through antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. The present study examined the mechanisms of Z-LIG on hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced injury in PC12 cells. Following exposure of the cells to H(2)O(2 )(500 microM), a significant reduction in cell survival and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), as well as increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), were observed. In addition, H(2)O(2 )treatment significantly upregulated Bax expression, cleaved-caspase 3, and cytosolic cytochrome-c, and decreased Bcl-2 protein levels. Pretreatment of the cells with Z-LIG (0.1, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 microg/ml) significantly attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced cell death, attenuated increased intracellular ROS levels, and decreased Bax expression, cleaved-caspase 3, and cytochrome-c. Further, Z-LIG improved cellular TAC and concentration-dependently upregulated Bcl-2 expression. These results demonstrate that Z-LIG has a pronounced protective effect against H(2)O(2)-induced cytotoxicity, at least partly through improving cellular antioxidant defense and inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. These findings suggest that Z-LIG may be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders in which oxidative stress and apoptosis are mainly implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting, Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
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Yan R, Lin G, Ko NL, Tam YK. Low Oral Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Senkyunolide A, a Major Bioactive Component in Rhizoma Chuanxiong, in the Rat. Ther Drug Monit 2007; 29:49-56. [PMID: 17304150 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e31802c5862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of senkyunolide A, one of the major bioactive ingredients in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Rhizoma Chuanxiong, which is commonly used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, was studied in rats. After intravenous (IV) administration, senkyunolide A was extensively distributed (Vd/F: 6.74 +/- 0.73 L/kg) and rapidly eliminated from the plasma (CL/F: 7.20 +/- 0.48 L/h per kilogram and t1/2: 0.65 +/- 0.06 hr). Hepatic metabolism was suggested as the major route of senkyunolide A elimination as indicated by the results of in vitro S9 fraction study. After intraperitoneal (IP) administration, senkyunolide A exhibited dose-independent pharmacokinetics. The absorption after IP administration was rapid (Tmax: 0.04 +/- 0.01 hours), and the bioavailability was 75%. After oral administration, senkyunolide A was also absorbed rapidly (Tmax: 0.21 +/- 0.08 hours); however, its oral bioavailability was low (approximately 8%). The contributing factors were determined to be instability in the gastrointestinal tract (accounting for 67% of the loss) and hepatic first-pass metabolism (accounting for another 25%). Pharmacokinetics of senkyunolide A were unaltered when Chuanxiong extract was administered, which suggests that components in the extract have insignificant effects on senkyunolide A pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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Cao YX, Zhang W, He JY, He LC, Xu CB. Ligustilide induces vasodilatation via inhibiting voltage dependent calcium channel and receptor-mediated Ca2+ influx and release. Vascul Pharmacol 2006; 45:171-6. [PMID: 16807126 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2006.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2005] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of ligustilide on vasodilatation in rat mesenteric artery and the mechanisms responsible for it. Isometric tension of rat mesenteric artery rings was recorded by a sensitive myograph system in vitro. The results showed that ligustilide at concentrations more than 10 microM relaxed potassium chloride (KCl)-preconstricted rat mesenteric artery in a concentration-dependent manner. The vasodilatation effect of ligustilide was not dependent on endothelium. Ligustilide rightwards shifted concentration-response curves induced by KCl, calcium chloride (CaCl(2)), noradrenaline (NA) or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in a non-parallel manner. This suggests that the vasodilatation effects were most likely via voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) and receptor-operated calcium channel (ROCC). Propranolol, glibenclamide, tetraethylammonium and barium chloride did not affect the vasodilation induced by ligustilide, showing that beta-adrenoceptor, ATP sensitive potassium channel, calcium-activated potassium channel and inwardly rectifying potassium channel were not involved in the vasodilatation. Ligustilide concentration-dependently inhibited the vasoconstriction induced by NA or CaCl(2) in Ca(2+)-free medium, indicating that the vasodilatation relates to inhibition of extracellular Ca(2+) influx through VDCC and ROCC, and intracellular Ca(2+) release from Ca(2+) store. Since caffeine-induced contraction was inhibited by ligustilide, inhibition of intracellular Ca(2+) released by ligustilide occurred via the ryanodine receptors. Our results suggest that ligustilide induces vasodilatation in rat mesenteric artery by inhibiting the VDCC and ROCC, and receptor-mediated Ca(2+) influx and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xiao Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Shi Y, He L, Wang S. Determination of ligustilide in rat blood and tissues by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2006; 20:993-8. [PMID: 16583458 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method was developed to study the pharmacokinetics of ligustilide following oral administration to rats. The method was used for the analysis of samples taken from rats. Biological samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) using an n-hexane-ether (2:1) solvent mixture for a sample clean-up step and analyzed by GC/MS with a quadrupole MS detector in selected ion monitoring mode (m/z 190). The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range 0.172-8.60 microg/mL (r > 0.99) for blood samples and a different range (r > 0.99) for different tissue samples. The limit of detection (LOD) was 1.0 ng/mL or 1.0 ng/g (three times the signal-noise ratio). Within- and between-day precision expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD) for the method was 1.58-3.88 and 2.99-4.91%, respectively. The recovery for all samples was >80%, except for liver samples (>70%). The main pharmacokinetic parameters obtained were: T(max) = 0.65 +/- 0.07 h, C(max) = 1.5 +/- 0.2 microg/mL, AUC = 34 +/- 6 h microg/mL and K(a) = 3.5 +/- 0.6/h. The experimental results showed that ligustilide was easily absorbed, but its elimination was slow, from 3 to 12 h after oral administration. The concentrations of ligustilide in rat cerebellum, cerebrum, spleen and kidney were higher than those in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Shi
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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41
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Toriizuka K, Kamiki H, Ohmura NY, Fujii M, Hori Y, Fukumura M, Hirai Y, Isoda S, Nemoto Y, Ida Y. Anxiolytic effect of Gardeniae Fructus-extract containing active ingredient from Kamishoyosan (KSS), a Japanese traditional Kampo medicine. Life Sci 2005; 77:3010-20. [PMID: 15985266 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2004] [Accepted: 12/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kamishoyosan (KSS), a Kampo formula used to treat menopausal psychotic syndromes in women, consists of ten crude herbal drugs. The anxiolytic effect of KSS was investigated by the social interaction (SI) test using mice, and whether the effect of KSS was due to the stimulating and/or sedating effects was examined by the open field locomotion test. Furthermore, the present study examined the effect of individual crude drugs in KSS by the SI test to clarify its active components. Oral administration of KSS increased the total SI time in a dose-dependent manner (50--200 mg/kg), but this effect was not observed over a dose of 300 mg/kg. On the other hand, there were no significant changes observed for the open field locomotion test. These results suggest that the appearance of KSS-induced SI behavior is due to an anxiolytic effect. The unaltered results of the open field test indicated that KSS was neither a stimulant nor sedative. To identify the essential herbs in KSS, the effects of "the component herbs in KSS" and "KSS minus one component herb" using the SI test were examined. An increase in the SI time was observed for hot water extracts of Menthae herba and Gardeniae Fructus, the same as for the KSS treatment. On the other hand the effect of KSS on the SI time was reduced to the control level for KSS minus Gardeniae Fructus, KSS minus Paeoniae Radix, KSS minus Glycyrrhizae Radix and KSS minus Hoelen. Oral administration of Gardeniae Fructus-extract or its common constituent, geniposide increased the SI time in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that Gardeniae Fructus and geniposide play a role in the anxiolytic effect of KSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Toriizuka
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
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Deng C, Ji J, Wang X, Zhang X. Development of pressurized hot water extraction followed by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determination of ligustilides inLigusticum chuanxiongand Angelica sinensis. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:1237-43. [PMID: 16117002 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a simple, rapid, solvent-free, and low-cost method was developed for the determination of ligustilides in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), which was based on pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) followed by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The two bioactive compounds Z-ligustilide and E-ligustilide in two common TCMs, viz. Ligusticum chuanxiong and Angelica sinensis, were extracted by water at 150 degrees C and 40 bar, followed by concentration with HS-SPME and detection by GC-MS. PHWE and HS-SPME parameters were investigated and method validation (precision and recovery) was studied. It has been shown that the proposed method provides a powerful approach for quantitative analysis of ligustilides in TCMs. The method was applied to determination of ligustildes in the TCMs from different growing areas. The results indicate that PHWE-HS-SPME-GC-MS is a potential tool for TCM quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Sheng LH, Li SL, Kong L, Chen XG, Mao XQ, Su XY, Zou HF, Li P. Separation of compounds interacting with liposome membrane in combined prescription of traditional Chinese medicines with immobilized liposome chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 38:216-24. [PMID: 15925211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2004] [Revised: 01/09/2005] [Accepted: 01/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Immobilized liposome chromatography (ILC), the stationary phase of which has been regarded as a mimic biomembranes system was used to separate and analyze compounds interacting with liposome membrane in Danggui Buxue decoction, a combined prescription of traditional Chinese medicines (CPTCMs), and its compositions Radix Astragli and Radix Angelica Sinensis. More than 10 main peaks in the extract of Danggui Buxue decoction were resolved on the ILC column, suggesting that more than 10 components in the prescription have significant retention on ILC column. Ligustilide, astragaloside IV and formononetin, three main bioactive ingredients in Danggui Buxue decoction, were found to have relatively significant, while ferulic acid, another bioactive ingredient in the prescription, relatively weak retention on ILC column. Effects of the eluent pH and amount of immobilized phosphatidylcholine (PC) on separation of interactional compounds in the extract of Danggui Buxue decoction were also investigated. It was found that these two factors strongly affected the retention of some interactional compounds. In addition, the fractions partitioned with different solvents from water extract of this combined prescription were evaluated with this ILC column system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Hong Sheng
- National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 161 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116011, China.
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Lu GH, Chan K, Liang YZ, Leung K, Chan CL, Jiang ZH, Zhao ZZ. Development of high-performance liquid chromatographic fingerprints for distinguishing Chinese Angelica from related umbelliferae herbs. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1073:383-92. [PMID: 15909545 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) fingerprint of Chinese Angelica (CA) was developed basing on the consistent chromatograms of 40 CA samples (Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels). The unique properties of this HPLC fingerprints were validated by analyzing 13 related herbs including 4 Japanese Angelicae Root samples (JA, A. acutiloba Kitagawa and A. acutiloba Kitagawa var. sugiyame Hikino), 6 Szechwan Lovage Rhizome samples (SL, Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.) and 3 Cnidium Rhizome samples (CR, Cnidium officinale Makino). Both correlation coefficients of similarity in chromatograms and relative peak areas of characteristic compounds were calculated for quantitative expression of the HPLC fingerprints. The amount of senkyunolide A in CA was less than 30-fold of that in SL and CR samples, which was used as a chemical marker to distinguish them. JA was easily distinguished from CA, SL and CR based on either chromatographic patterns or the amount of coniferyl ferulate. No obvious difference between SL and CR chromatograms except the relative amount of some compounds, suggesting that SL and CR might have very close relationship in terms of chemotaxonomy. Ferulic acid and Z-ligustilide were unequivocally determined whilst senkyunolide I, senkyunolide H, coniferyl ferulate, senkyunolide A, butylphthalide, E-ligustilide, E-butylidenephthalide, Z-butylidenephthalide and levistolide A were tentatively identified in chromatograms based on their atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) MS data and the comparison of their UV spectra with those published in literatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hua Lu
- Research and Development Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 5 Hong Kong Baptist Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
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Chen SW, Min L, Li WJ, Kong WX, Li JF, Zhang YJ. The effects of angelica essential oil in three murine tests of anxiety. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2005; 79:377-82. [PMID: 15501315 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2004.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2004] [Revised: 07/01/2004] [Accepted: 08/18/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of angelica essential oil in three assays predictive of anxiolytic activity in male mice were studied, with diazepam as a positive anxiolytic control. In the elevated plus-maze test, compared to the positive control diazepam, angelica essential oil (30.0 mg/kg, PO) had a modest anxiolytic-like effect (increased the percentage of open-arm time and reduced the percent protected head dips). In the light/dark test, angelica essential oil (30.0 mg/kg) prolonged the time spent in the light area without altering the locomotor activity of the animals. In the stress-induced hyperthermia test, 60 and 70 min after drug administration, rectal temperature was measured twice, angelica essential oil at the dose of 30.0 mg/kg inhibited stress-induced hyperthermia. Thus, these findings indicate that angelica essential oil, as does diazepam, exhibits an anxiolytic-like effect. Further studies will be required to assess the generality of the present findings to other species and behavioural paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Box 41, 103 Wenhua Road, 110016 Shenyang, P.R. China.
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Yan R, Li SL, Chung HS, Tam YK, Lin G. Simultaneous quantification of 12 bioactive components of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 37:87-95. [PMID: 15664747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2004] [Revised: 09/20/2004] [Accepted: 09/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific HPLC-UV method has been developed, for the first time, to simultaneously quantify 12 bioactive ingredients in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Rhizoma Chuanxiong). This assay was fully validated in respect to precision, accuracy and sensitivity. This method was successfully applied to quantify twelve ingredients in six different Chuanxiong samples. The results demonstrated significant variations in the total content and quantity of each of the main bioactive compounds in different herbs, indicating that quality control of bioactive ingredients in Chuanxiong is critical to ensure its clinical benefits. This assay can be readily utilized as quality control method for Chuanxiong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
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Lin G, Chan SSK, Chung HS, Li SL. Chemistry and biological activities of naturally occurring phthalides. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS (PART L) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(05)80065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Zhao RJ, Koo BS, Kim GW, Jang EY, Lee JR, Kim MR, Kim SC, Kwon YK, Kim KJ, Huh TL, Kim DH, Shim I, Yang CH. The Essential Oil from Angelica gigas NAKAI Suppresses Nicotine Sensitization. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:2323-6. [PMID: 16327174 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.2323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral sensitization, as evidenced by the progressive enhanced locomotor response to a subsequent injection of the drug, is the major behavioral outcome produced by repeated injections of nicotine, and a model for studying drug addiction. It is putatively regarded that the alteration of extracellular dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens is closely associated with nicotine-induced behavioral sensitization. The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of the essential oil from Angelica gigas NAKAI (on fragrance inhalation) on repeated nicotine-induced locomotor activity and extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens of rats using in vivo microdialysis. Rats were given repeated injections of saline or nicotine (0.4 mg/kg s.c., twice a day for 7 d), followed by one challenge injection on the 4th day after the last daily injection. Systemic challenge with nicotine (0.4 mg/kg s.c.) produced a larger increase in locomotor activity in nicotine-pretreated rats than in saline-pretreated rats. A direct local challenge of 3 mM nicotine via a microdialysis probe also induced a larger increase in dopamine release in nicotine-pretreated rats than in saline-pretreated rats. Most importantly, our results showed that inhalation of the essential oils from Angelica gigas NAKAI significantly decreased both dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens and locomotor activity induced by a nicotine challenge. These results suggest that the essential oils from Angelica gigas NAKAI inhibit nicotine-induced behavioral and neurochemical sensitization, and imply that the essential oil from Angelica gigas NAKAI may be effective in treating nicotine addiction, possibly by modulating dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jie Zhao
- The Research Center for Biomedical Resources of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Korea
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Yu S, Ng YY, Jian ZH, Chen CC, Lu MS, Lu HY, Chu CP. Neurotransmitter levels in brains of chronically Jiawey Siwu-treated rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2003; 30:507-19. [PMID: 12568278 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x02000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Levels of monoamines and metabolites, excitatory amino acids, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were investigated in discrete brain areas of chronic Jiawey Siwu (JS)-treated rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed orally for 3 months with normal saline or JS at 0.21, 1.05 or 4.2 g/kg/day. Body weights of these four groups were similar over 3 months. Most effects of JS revealed a dose dependency with levels of neurotransmitters. Levels of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI) in cerebral cortex; EPI, vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in medulla oblongata; DA in midbrain; NE and 5-HT in amygdala; and 5-HT in hypothalamus had decreased in JS-treated rats. 3-Methoxytyramine (3-MT) in cerebral cortex; 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) in medulla oblongata; NE, 3-MT and homovanillic acid (HVA) in pons; EPI and 3-MT in midbrain; 3-MT and HVA in amygdala; 3-MT, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), HVA and 5-HIAA in cerebellum; HVA in hypothalamus; and DOPAC and HVA in hippocampus had all increased in JS-treated rats. In pons, 5-HT increased with low and decreased with high JS doses. Ratios of DA/3-MT in pons and midbrain; DA/HVA in pons and cerebellum; and 5-HT/5-HIAA in medulla oblongata, cerebellum and hypothalamus had decreased. Furthermore, aspartate (ASP) and glutamate (GLU) levels had decreased in cerebral cortex, midbrain, hypothalamus and hippocampus or amygdala, and increased in pons. GABA levels were reduced in cerebral cortex, and higher in medulla oblongata, pons, amygdala, cerebellum, hippocampus and striatum of JS-treated rats. These results indicate that the synthesis and (or) metabolism of NE, DA, EPI and 5-HT, and the levels of ASP, GLU and GABA in rat brains were differentially regionally altered by JS, which may contribute to the central manifestations of JS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Yu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC.
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