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Meier S, Karlsen Ø, Le Goff J, Sørensen L, Sørhus E, Pampanin DM, Donald CE, Fjelldal PG, Dunaevskaya E, Romano M, Caliani I, Casini S, Bogevik AS, Olsvik PA, Myers M, Grøsvik BE. DNA damage and health effects in juvenile haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) exposed to PAHs associated with oil-polluted sediment or produced water. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240307. [PMID: 33091018 PMCID: PMC7580938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The research objective was to study the presence of DNA damages in haddock exposed to petrogenic or pyrogenic polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from different sources: 1) extracts of oil produced water (PW), dominated by 2-ring PAHs; 2) distillation fractions of crude oil (representing oil-based drilling mud), dominated by 3-ring PAHs; 3) heavy pyrogenic PAHs, mixture of 4/5/6-ring PAHs. The biological effect of the different PAH sources was studied by feeding juvenile haddock with low doses of PAHs (0.3-0.7 mg PAH/kg fish/day) for two months, followed by a two-months recovery. In addition to the oral exposure, a group of fish was exposed to 12 single compounds of PAHs (4/5/6-ring) via intraperitoneal injection. The main endpoint was the analysis of hepatic and intestinal DNA adducts. In addition, PAH burden in liver, bile metabolites, gene and protein expression of CYP1A, GST activity, lipid peroxidation, skeletal deformities and histopathology of livers were evaluated. Juvenile haddock responded quickly to both intraperitoneal injection and oral exposure of 4/5/6-ring PAHs. High levels of DNA adducts were detected in livers three days after the dose of the single compound exposure. Fish had also high levels of DNA adducts in liver after being fed with extracts dominated by 2-ring PAHs (a PW exposure scenario) and 3-ring PAHs (simulating an oil exposure scenario). Elevated levels of DNA adducts were observed in the liver of all exposed groups after the 2 months of recovery. High levels of DNA adduct were found also in the intestines of individuals exposed to oil or heavy PAHs, but not in the PW or control groups. This suggests that the intestinal barrier is very important for detoxification of orally exposures of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeremie Le Goff
- ADn’tox, Bâtiment Recherche, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Lisbet Sørensen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- SINTEF Ocean AS, Environment and New Resources, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elin Sørhus
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Daniela M. Pampanin
- Department of Chemistry Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- NORCE, Randaberg, Norway
| | | | | | - Evgenia Dunaevskaya
- Department of Chemistry Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Marta Romano
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Caliani
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Casini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - André S. Bogevik
- Nofima AS – Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries Aquaculture Research, Fyllingsdalen, Norway
| | - Pål A. Olsvik
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- Nord Univ, Fac Biosci & Aquaculture, Bodo, Norway
| | - Mark Myers
- Myers Ecotoxicology Services, LLC, Shoreline, Washington, United States of America
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2
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Gabelova A. 7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole: Metabolic pathways and toxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 323:109077. [PMID: 32246921 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (DBC), a local and systemic carcinogen in animal studies, is a common environmental pollutant. It generally co-occurs in a variety of organic complex mixtures derived from incomplete combustion of organic matter. Despite high lipophilicity, DBC is more water-soluble and faster metabolized than the homocyclic aromatics. Moreover, greater polarity, high bioaccumulation potential, and persistence in the environment may imply DBC's higher biological significance and impact on human health, even at lower concentrations. The biotransformation pathways of DBC are incompletely known and the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite(s) are not clearly identified as yet. Structure-biological studies suggest two ways of activation: at the ring carbon atoms and at the pyrrole nitrogen. It is supposed that the particular pathway of biotransformation might be connected with the tissue/organ specificity of DBC. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) family of enzymes plays a pivotal role in the metabolism of DBC; though, the one-electron activation and the aldo-keto reductase-catalyzed oxidation are also involved in metabolic activation. Additionally, DBC can be photoactivated even at physiologically relevant doses of UVA light due to the extended aromatic ring system resulting in strong genotoxicity and oxidative stress. The goal of this review is to summarize current knowledge on mechanisms of DBC activation and possible implications for toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Gabelova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, University Science Park for Biomedicine, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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3
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Freire MM, Amorim LMF, Buch AC, Gonçalves AD, Sella SM, Cassella RJ, Moreira JC, Silva-Filho EV. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bays of the Rio de Janeiro state coast, SE - Brazil: Effects on catfishes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 181:108959. [PMID: 31784080 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Brazilian coast of the Rio de Janeiro State has bays of great economic, ecological and social importance. However, these ecosystems have been suffering intense anthropogenic influence, mainly due to the contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from urban-industrial activities. Moreover, PAHs are organic pollutants of high toxicity and carcinogenicity causing global concern to human and environmental health. This study evaluated on catfish (Genidens genidens) a set of key parameters (sex, morphometric traits, condition factor (K), PAH metabolites in gallbladder, frequency of micronucleus (MN) and erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA) in blood. In addition we also evaluated histopathological hepatic effects, Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and Benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE)-DNA adducts) in liver samples, in order to indicate the fish health status and environmental pollution levels of three main Bays (Guanabara, Sepetiba and Ilha Grande) of the Rio de Janeiro State, in the Southeast of Brazil. In general, the worst physical and metabolic conditions in catfishes were evidenced in Guanabara Bay, possibly indicating the highest level of contamination by PAHs. Contrary evidence was observed in Ilha Grande Bay, showing lower biological changes in G. genidens. However in Sepetiba Bay, the influence of PAHs contamination showed the highest hepatic lesions in catfishes, prevailing foci of cellular alterations, megalocytic hepatosis and hydropic vacuolations. The employability of a set of biomarkers on catfish was efficient for screening pollution for PAHs in tropical environments. This reinforces the need for effective actions of monitoring and conservation strategies of bays of the Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil), in order to ensure quality and health to both human and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Moreira Freire
- Post-Graduate Program in Geosciences (Environmental Geochemistry), Chemistry Institute, Fluminense Federal University, 24020-141, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Lidia Maria Fonte Amorim
- Post-Graduate Program in Science and Biotechnology and Post-Graduate Program in Neurosciences, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Andressa Cristhy Buch
- Post-Graduate Program in Geosciences (Environmental Geochemistry), Chemistry Institute, Fluminense Federal University, 24020-141, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Aline Domingos Gonçalves
- Post-Graduate Program in Geosciences (Environmental Geochemistry), Chemistry Institute, Fluminense Federal University, 24020-141, Niterói, Brazil; Analytical Chemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvia Maria Sella
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Fluminense Federal University, 24020-141, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Jorgensen Cassella
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Fluminense Federal University, 24020-141, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Josino Costa Moreira
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emmanoel Vieira Silva-Filho
- Post-Graduate Program in Geosciences (Environmental Geochemistry), Chemistry Institute, Fluminense Federal University, 24020-141, Niterói, Brazil.
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4
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Sherwood TA, Medvecky RL, Miller CA, Tarnecki AM, Schloesser RW, Main KL, Mitchelmore CL, Wetzel DL. Nonlethal Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Oiled Sediment Exposed Southern Flounder ( Paralichthys lethostigma): Utility for Field-Base Monitoring Exposure and Potential Recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:14734-14743. [PMID: 31765146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) blowout resulted in the deposition of toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in the coastal sediments of the Gulf of Mexico. The immediate effects on an ecosystem from an oil spill are clearly recognizable, however the long-term chronic effects and recovery after a spill are still not well understood. Current methodologies for biomonitoring wild populations are invasive and mostly lethal. Here, two potential nonlethal biomonitoring tools for the assessment of PAH toxicity and induced biological alterations in the field, were identified using laboratory-validated methods. In this study, subadult southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) were chronically exposed to DWH surrogate oiled sediments for 35 days; a subset of these exposed flounder were then provided a clean nonexposure period to ascertain the utility of selected biomarkers to monitor recovery post exposure. After chronic exposure, there was an increase in gene expression of cytochrome P450 1A but not glutathione S-transferase. There was also a notable imbalance of oxidants to antioxidants, measured as reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione, and their ratio in the blood. Evidence of subsequent oxidative damage due to chronic exposure was found through lipid peroxidation and DNA damage assessments of liver, gill, and blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy A Sherwood
- Mote Marine Laboratory , 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway , Sarasota , Florida 34236 , United States
| | - Rebecca L Medvecky
- Mote Marine Laboratory , 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway , Sarasota , Florida 34236 , United States
| | - Christelle A Miller
- Mote Marine Laboratory , 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway , Sarasota , Florida 34236 , United States
| | - Andrea M Tarnecki
- Mote Marine Laboratory , 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway , Sarasota , Florida 34236 , United States
| | - Ryan W Schloesser
- Mote Marine Laboratory , 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway , Sarasota , Florida 34236 , United States
| | - Kevan L Main
- Mote Marine Laboratory , 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway , Sarasota , Florida 34236 , United States
| | - Carys L Mitchelmore
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science , Chesapeake Biological Laboratory , 146 Williams Street , Solomons , Maryland 20688 , United States
| | - Dana L Wetzel
- Mote Marine Laboratory , 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway , Sarasota , Florida 34236 , United States
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5
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Behera BK, Das A, Sarkar DJ, Weerathunge P, Parida PK, Das BK, Thavamani P, Ramanathan R, Bansal V. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in inland aquatic ecosystems: Perils and remedies through biosensors and bioremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:212-233. [PMID: 29807281 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most ubiquitous environmental pollutants of high global concern. PAHs belong to a diverse family of hydrocarbons with over one hundred compounds known, each containing at least two aromatic rings in their structure. Due to hydrophobic nature, PAHs tend to accumulate in the aquatic sediments, leading to bioaccumulation and elevated concentrations over time. In addition to their well-manifested mutagenic and carcinogenic effects in humans, they pose severe detrimental effects to aquatic life. The high eco-toxicity of PAHs has attracted a number of reviews, each dealing specifically with individual aspects of this global pollutant. However, efficient management of PAHs warrants a holistic approach that combines a thorough understanding of their physico-chemical properties, modes of environmental distribution and bioaccumulation, efficient detection, and bioremediation strategies. Currently, there is a lack of a comprehensive study that amalgamates all these aspects together. The current review, for the first time, overcomes this constraint, through providing a high level comprehensive understanding of the complexities faced during PAH management, while also recommending future directions through potentially viable solutions. Importantly, effective management of PAHs strongly relies upon reliable detection tools, which are currently non-existent, or at the very best inefficient, and therefore have a strong prospect of future development. Notably, the currently available biosensor technologies for PAH monitoring have not so far been compiled together, and therefore a significant focus of this article is on biosensor technologies that are critical for timely detection and efficient management of PAHs. This review is focussed on inland aquatic ecosystems with an emphasis on fish biodiversity, as fish remains a major source of food and livelihood for a large proportion of the global population. This thought provoking study is likely to instigate new collaborative approaches for protecting aquatic biodiversity from PAHs-induced eco-toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Kumar Behera
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India; Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Abhishek Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - Dhruba Jyoti Sarkar
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - Pabudi Weerathunge
- Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Pranaya Kumar Parida
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - Palanisami Thavamani
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Rajesh Ramanathan
- Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Vipul Bansal
- Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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6
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Ma Z, Zhuang H. A Highly Sensitive Real-time Immuno-PCR Assay for Detecting Benzo[a]pyrene in Food Samples by Application of Biotin-Streptavidin System. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-1046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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7
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Ilijin L, Mrdaković M, Vlahović M, Matić D, Gavrilović A, Mrkonja A, Perić-Mataruga V. Acetylcholinesterase and heat shock protein 70 response in larval brain tissue of Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera, Limantriidae) upon chronic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:20818-20823. [PMID: 28795330 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) (2, 10, 20, 100, 200, and 2000 ng/g dry food weight) on the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and concentration of heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70) in fifth instar Lymantria dispar brain tissue were investigated. Inhibition of AChE is a general effect biomarker at the individual level. We observed the most efficient inhibition of this enzyme at medium and high BaP concentrations (20, 100, 200, and 2000 ng/g dry food weight). Western blot analysis revealed the presence of two hsp 70 isoforms, with changed amounts depending on the BaP concentration. A fluctuating response in hsp70 concentration to ingested BaP was observed: with decreased levels in the groups fed 2 and 100 ng BaP/g dry food weight, but increased concentrations in the groups given 10 and 2000 ng/g dry food weight. Even though we detected changes in AChE activity and hsp70 concentration in L. dispar brain tissue upon exposure to different BaP concentrations, we cannot characterize them as sensitive and reliable biomarkers for this xenobiotic in L. dispar caterpillars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Ilijin
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd.142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marija Mrdaković
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd.142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Vlahović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd.142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Matić
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd.142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anja Gavrilović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd.142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Mrkonja
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd.142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Perić-Mataruga
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd.142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
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8
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Peters RE, Wickstrom M, Siciliano SD. Do biomarkers of exposure and effect correlate with internal exposure to PAHs in swine? Biomarkers 2016; 21:283-91. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2016.1138322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Sturve J, Balk L, Liewenborg B, Adolfsson-Erici M, Förlin L, Carney Almroth B. Effects of an oil spill in a harbor assessed using biomarkers of exposure in eelpout. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:13758-13768. [PMID: 24819434 PMCID: PMC4236613 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2890-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Oil spills occur commonly, and chemical compounds originating from oil spills are widespread in the aquatic environment. In order to monitor effects of a bunker oil spill on the aquatic environment, biomarker responses were measured in eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) sampled along a gradient in Göteborg harbor where the oil spill occurred and at a reference site, 2 weeks after the oil spill. Eelpout were also exposed to the bunker oil in a laboratory study to validate field data. The results show that eelpout from the Göteborg harbor are influenced by contaminants, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), also during "normal" conditions. The bunker oil spill strongly enhanced the biomarker responses. Results show elevated ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activities in all exposed sites, but, closest to the oil spill, the EROD activity was partly inhibited, possibly by PAHs. Elevated DNA adduct levels were also observed after the bunker oil spill. Chemical analyses of bile revealed high concentrations of PAH metabolites in the eelpout exposed to the oil, and the same PAH metabolite profile was evident both in eelpout sampled in the harbor and in the eelpout exposed to the bunker oil in the laboratory study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Sturve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden,
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10
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Kim WK, Lee SK, Park JW, Choi K, Cargo J, Schlenk D, Jung J. Integration of multi-level biomarker responses to cadmium and benzo[k]fluoranthene in the pale chub (Zacco platypus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 110:121-128. [PMID: 25217733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Cd exposure for 14 days significantly increased both the molecular (DNA single-strand breaks) and biochemical (metallothionein concentrations) biomarkers in the freshwater pale chub, Zacco platypus, whereas changes in the histological and physiological biomarker responses were negligible. The BkF exposure for 14 days led to significant increases in the mRNA expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase, 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase enzymatic activity and DNA single-strand breakage at the molecular and biochemical levels. In addition, exposure to 50μg/L of BkF induced histological alteration in the liver, with significant changes to the liver somatic index and condition factor at the physiological level. The integration of multi-level biomarker responses at the molecular, biochemical and physiological levels was highly correlated with the concentrations of Cd and BkF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Keun Kim
- Future Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 660-844, Korea
| | - Sung-Kyu Lee
- Future Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 660-844, Korea
| | - June-Woo Park
- Future Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 660-844, Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jordan Cargo
- Department of Environmental Science, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Science, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea.
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Kienzler A, Bony S, Devaux A. DNA repair activity in fish and interest in ecotoxicology: a review. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 134-135:47-56. [PMID: 23571068 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of DNA repair in a target species is of first importance as it is the primary line of defense against genotoxicants, and a better knowledge of DNA repair capacity in fish could help to interpret genotoxicity data and/or assist in the choice of target species, developmental stage and tissues to focus on, both for environmental biomonitoring studies and DNA repair testing. This review focuses in a first part on what is presently known on a mechanistic basis, about the various DNA repair systems in fish, in vivo and in established cell lines. Data on base excision repair (BER), direct reversal with O⁶-alkylguanine transferase and double strand breaks repair, although rather scarce, are being reviewed, as well as nucleotide excision repair (NER) and photoreactivation repair (PER), which are by far the most studied repair mechanisms in fish. Most of these repair mechanisms seem to be strongly species and tissue dependent; they also depend on the developmental stage of the organisms. BER is efficient in vivo, although no data has been found on in vitro models. NER activity is quite low or even inexistent depending on the studies; however this lack is partly compensated by a strong PER activity, especially in early developmental stage. In a second part, a survey of the ecotoxicological studies integrating DNA repair as a parameter responding to single or mixture of contaminant is realized. Three main approaches are being used: the measurement of DNA repair gene expression after exposure, although it has not yet been clearly established whether gene expression is indicative of repair capacity; the monitoring of DNA damage removal by following DNA repair kinetics; and the modulation of DNA repair activity following exposure in situ, in order to assess the impact of exposure history on DNA repair capacity. Since all DNA repair processes are possible targets for environmental pollutants, we can also wonder at which extent such a modulation of repair capacities in fish could be the base for the development of new biomarkers of genotoxicity. Knowing the importance of the germ cell DNA integrity in the reproductive success of aquatic organisms, the DNA repair capacity of such cells deserve to be more studied, as well as DNA repair capacities of established fish cell lines. The limited amount of available data, which shows low/slow DNA repair capacities of fish cell lines compared with mammalian cell lines, concerned mainly the NER system; thus this point merits to be explored more deeply. Additionally, since some of the DNA repair systems appear more efficient in embryo larval stages, it would be of interest to consider embryonic cell lineages more closely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Kienzler
- UMR LEHNA 5023, Université de Lyon, F-69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
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12
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UV-induced Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) and Photoreactivation Repair (PER) in two trout fish cell lines used in ecotoxicological assessment studies. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 125:51-5. [PMID: 23742810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A better knowledge of DNA repair capacities in permanent fish cell lines would contribute to establish their interest in genotoxicity testing for environmental risk assessment studies including the effects of an increase in solar UV radiations on aquatic organisms. NER (Nucleotide Excision Repair) and PER (Photoreactivation Repair) are the two repair pathways of choice for UV-induced photo-lesions. In the present paper, these repair processes were characterized in the two rainbow trout cell lines, RTGill-W1 and RTL-W1 (liver), by means of a T4-modified comet assay which allowed to follow the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers repair kinetics specifically. Both repair processes have been found in the cell lines, PER repairing much faster UV lesions than NER, and NER being slightly more efficient in the gill cell line than in the liver one.
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13
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Rocha AJDS, Santos TCA, Gomes V, Bícego MC, Barbosa ACRDA, Passos MJDACR, Hasue FM, Van Ngan P. Assessment of trophic transfer of benzo(a)pyrene genotoxicity from the post-larval pink shrimp F. brasiliensis to the juvenile Florida pompano T. carolinus. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:969-976. [PMID: 22974793 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) genotoxicity was investigated in a one-step predator-prey relationship with the trophic-related marine species. Florida pompanos were fed for 5 and 10 days with pink shrimp post larvae previously exposed to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) concentrations. Parent BaP body burden was measured in samples of Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis. BaP metabolites were determined in bile samples of Trachinotus carolinus and DNA damage was assessed through the comet and erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENAs) assays in fish erythrocytes. BaP body burden increased significantly with the PAH concentration in pink shrimp PLs as well as the fish bile BaP metabolites. Both, comet and ENAs assays indicated significant increase on erythrocyte DNA damage of Florida pompanos fed with BaP-exposed pink shrimp on both feeding periods. The trophic route of BaP genotoxicity is discussed as well as the PAH biotransformation as the inducing mechanism for the DNA damages observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur José da Silva Rocha
- Laboratory of Marine Life Ecophysiology, Department of Oceanographic Biology, Institute of Oceanography, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil.
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da Silva Rocha AJ, Gomes V, Rocha Passos MJDAC, Hasue FM, Alves Santos TC, Bícego MC, Taniguchi S, Van Ngan P. EROD activity and genotoxicity in the seabob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:995-1003. [PMID: 22974795 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Seabob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri is a marine species that lives in shallow waters of coastal environments, often impacted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) pollution. In the present study, seabob shrimp were exposed for 96 h to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) at the nominal concentrations of 100, 200, 400 and 800 microg-L(-1). Animals of the control groups were exposed either to clean water or to the BaP-carrier (DMSO). At the end of the exposures, muscle tissues were sampled for BaP uptake assessment and hepatopancreas and hemolymph for EROD enzyme activity and hemocytes DNA damage, respectively. EROD activity and DNA damage increased significantly as a function of BaP exposure concentrations. Significant correlations between BaP uptake and both EROD activity and DNA damage suggest that they can be used as suitable tools for integrated levels of study on the biomarkers of PAH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur José da Silva Rocha
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia de Animais Marinhos, Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191 Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Sundt RC, Ruus A, Jonsson H, Skarphéðinsdóttir H, Meier S, Grung M, Beyer J, Pampanin DM. Biomarker responses in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to produced water from a North Sea oil field: laboratory and field assessments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2012; 64:144-152. [PMID: 22070981 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Biological markers of produced water (PW) exposure were studied in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in both laboratory and field experiments, using authentic PW from a North Sea oil field. In the laboratory study, the PW exposure yielded significantly elevated levels of metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylphenols (APs) in bile even at the lowest exposure dose (0.125% PW). Other biomarkers (hepatic CYP1A induction and DNA adduct formation) responded at 0.25% and 0.5% PW concentrations. In the field study, bile metabolite markers and hepatic CYP1A were clearly increased in fish caged close to the PW outfall. Induction of plasma vitellogenin was not found in laboratory or field exposures, suggesting that the levels of oestrogen agonists (such as APs) might not have been sufficient to elicit induction, under the present conditions. The applicability of the biomarkers for use in water column biomonitoring programs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf C Sundt
- IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068 Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Anders Ruus
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik Jonsson
- IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Halldóra Skarphéðinsdóttir
- Laboratory for Aquatic Ecotoxicology, The Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonnich Meier
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Merete Grung
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonny Beyer
- IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Daniela M Pampanin
- IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068 Stavanger, Norway
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Pinkney AE, Harshbarger JC, Karouna-Renier NK, Jenko K, Balk L, Skarphéðinsdóttir H, Liewenborg B, Rutter MA. Tumor prevalence and biomarkers of genotoxicity in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) in Chesapeake Bay tributaries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 410-411:248-57. [PMID: 21995877 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We surveyed four Chesapeake Bay tributaries for skin and liver tumors in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus). We focused on the South River, where the highest skin tumor prevalence (53%) in the Bay watershed had been reported. The objectives were to 1) compare tumor prevalence with nearby rivers (Severn and Rhode) and a more remote river (Choptank); 2) investigate associations between tumor prevalence and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylating agents; and 3) statistically analyze Chesapeake Bay bullhead tumor data from 1992 through 2008. All four South River collections exhibited high skin tumor prevalence (19% to 58%), whereas skin tumor prevalence was 2%, 10%, and 52% in the three Severn collections; 0% and 2% in the Choptank collections; and 5.6% in the Rhode collection. Liver tumor prevalence was 0% to 6% in all but one South River collection (20%) and 0% to 6% in the three other rivers. In a subset of samples, PAH-like biliary metabolites and (32)P-DNA adducts were used as biomarkers of exposure and response to polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). Adducts from alkylating agents were detected as O6-methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (O6Me-dG) and O6-ethyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (O6Et-dG) modified DNA. Bullheads from the contaminated Anacostia River were used as a positive control for DNA adducts. (32)P-DNA adduct concentrations were significantly higher in Anacostia bullhead livers compared with the other rivers. We identified alkyl DNA adducts in bullhead livers from the South and Anacostia, but not the Choptank. Neither the PAH-like bile metabolite data, sediment PAH data, nor the DNA adduct data suggest an association between liver or skin tumor prevalence and exposure to PACs or alkylating agents in the South, Choptank, Severn, or Rhode rivers. Logistic regression analysis of the Chesapeake Bay database revealed that sex and length were significant covariates for liver tumors and length was a significant covariate for skin tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred E Pinkney
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, 177 Admiral Cochrane Drive, Annapolis, MD 21401, USA.
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Balk L, Hylland K, Hansson T, Berntssen MHG, Beyer J, Jonsson G, Melbye A, Grung M, Torstensen BE, Børseth JF, Skarphedinsdottir H, Klungsøyr J. Biomarkers in natural fish populations indicate adverse biological effects of offshore oil production. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19735. [PMID: 21625421 PMCID: PMC3100293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the growing awareness of the necessity of a sustainable development, the global economy continues to depend largely on the consumption of non-renewable energy resources. One such energy resource is fossil oil extracted from the seabed at offshore oil platforms. This type of oil production causes continuous environmental pollution from drilling waste, discharge of large amounts of produced water, and accidental spills. Methods and principal findings Samples from natural populations of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in two North Sea areas with extensive oil production were investigated. Exposure to and uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were demonstrated, and biomarker analyses revealed adverse biological effects, including induction of biotransformation enzymes, oxidative stress, altered fatty acid composition, and genotoxicity. Genotoxicity was reflected by a hepatic DNA adduct pattern typical for exposure to a mixture of PAHs. Control material was collected from a North Sea area without oil production and from remote Icelandic waters. The difference between the two control areas indicates significant background pollution in the North Sea. Conclusion It is most remarkable to obtain biomarker responses in natural fish populations in the open sea that are similar to the biomarker responses in fish from highly polluted areas close to a point source. Risk assessment of various threats to the marine fish populations in the North Sea, such as overfishing, global warming, and eutrophication, should also take into account the ecologically relevant impact of offshore oil production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Balk
- Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (LB); (TH)
| | - Ketil Hylland
- Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomas Hansson
- Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (LB); (TH)
| | | | - Jonny Beyer
- International Research Institute of Stavanger (IRIS), Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Grete Jonsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Alf Melbye
- Marine Environmental Technology, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Merete Grung
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente E. Torstensen
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Bergen, Norway
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Brooks SJ, Harman C, Grung M, Farmen E, Ruus A, Vingen S, Godal BF, Barsiene J, Andreikenaite L, Skarpheðinsdottir H, Liewenborg B, Sundt RC. Water column monitoring of the biological effects of produced water from the Ekofisk offshore oil installation from 2006 to 2009. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2011; 74:582-604. [PMID: 21391100 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2011.550566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Norwegian water column monitoring program investigates the biological effects of offshore oil and gas activities in Norwegian waters. In three separate surveys in 2006, 2008, and 2009, bioaccumulation and biomarker responses were measured in mussels (Mytilus edulis) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) held in cages at known distances from the produced water (PW) discharge at the Ekofisk oil field. Identical monitoring studies performed in all three years have allowed the biological effects and bioaccumulation data to be compared, and in addition, enabled the potential environmental benefits of a PW treatment system (CTour), implemented in 2008, to be evaluated. The results of the 2009 survey showed that caged animals were exposed to low levels of PW components, with highest tissue concentrations in mussels located closest to the PW discharge. Mussels located approximately 1-2 km away demonstrated only background concentrations of target compounds. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and alkyl phenol (AP) metabolites in the bile of caged cod were elevated at stations 200-250 m from the discharge. There was also a signal of exposure relative to discharge for the biomarkers CYP1A in fish and micronuclei in mussels. All other fish and mussel biomarkers showed no significant exposure effects in 2009. The mussel bioaccumulation data in 2009 indicated a lower exposure to the PW effluent than seen previously in 2008 and 2006, resulting in an associated general improvement in the health of the caged mussels. This was due to the reduction in overall discharge of PW components (measured as oil in water) into the area in 2009 compared to previous years as a result of the improved PW treatment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Brooks
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway.
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Genotoxicity in herring gulls (Larus argentatus) in Sweden and Iceland. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2010; 702:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Holth TF, Beylich BA, Skarphédinsdóttir H, Liewenborg B, Grung M, Hylland K. Genotoxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of water-soluble oil components in cod (Gadus morhua). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:3329-3334. [PMID: 19534154 DOI: 10.1021/es803479p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Large discharges from oil and gas production platforms (produced water) have led to concerns for adverse biological effects in marine areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the development of DNA adductformation and related biomarkers in fish after chronic exposure to water-soluble components of oil. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were exposed for up to 44 weeks to three treatments (low, pulsed, high) containing environmentally relevant concentrations of low-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and short-chained alkylphenols (APs). A time- and dose-related pattern of DNA adduct formation (measured using 32P-postlabeling) was observed. The results suggested that an extended exposure period (more than 16 weeks) would be required for the formation of DNA adduct levels above background. Interestingly, fish receiving pulsed high exposure did not develop elevated concentrations of DNA adducts, possibly due to DNA repair processes. No obvious relationship between DNA adduct concentration and cytochrome P4501A activity (EROD) was observed. This study has demonstrated the genotoxic potential of water-soluble oil components, relevant for operational discharges (produced water) and chronic oil spills. The quantification of PAH metabolites in bile and hepatic DNA adduct formation appear to be suitable for environmental monitoring of chronic oil pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor F Holth
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), CIENS, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
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Aas E, Liewenborg B, Grøsvik BE, Camus L, Jonsson G, Fredrik Børseth J, Balk L. DNA adduct levels in fish from pristine areas are not detectable or low when analysed using the nuclease P1 version of the32P-postlabelling technique. Biomarkers 2008; 8:445-60. [PMID: 15195677 DOI: 10.1080/1354750032000158439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to understand and apply DNA adduct formation in fish liver as a biomarker for aquatic pollution, information concerning the natural background levels in noncontaminated organisms, caused by endogenous compounds, is of fundamental importance. In this study, DNA adducts were analysed in liver of 11 fish species from arctic and sub-arctic areas in the northern Atlantic using the nuclease P1 version of the 32P-postlabelling technique. The collected fish were assumed not to have been influenced by anthropogenic pollution apart from possible long-range transported pollutants. As polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are thought to be fundamental in forming the type of DNA adducts detected by the method used, biliary PAH metabolite levels were measured in a selection of the investigated species. In all investigated individuals, the levels of PAH metabolites were undetectable. Controlled on-site exposure experiments with benzo[a]pyrene (polar cod) and laboratory experiments with crude oil (polar cod and Atlantic cod) were conducted. DNA adducts were formed in both these species. The field-sampled fish showed undetectable levels of DNA adducts or levels just above the detection limit. The present study supports the assumption that when DNA adducts are detected by the nuclease P1 version of the 32P-postlabelling method in fish liver, it can be interpreted as DNA damage caused by pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Aas
- RF-Akvamiljø, Mekjarvik 12, 4070 Randaberg, Norway.
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Hylland K, Tollefsen KE, Ruus A, Jonsson G, Sundt RC, Sanni S, Røe Utvik TI, Johnsen S, Nilssen I, Pinturier L, Balk L, Barsiene J, Marigòmez I, Feist SW, Børseth JF. Water column monitoring near oil installations in the North Sea 2001-2004. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2008; 56:414-29. [PMID: 18158163 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Fisheries have been vital to coastal communities around the North Sea for centuries, but this semi-enclosed sea also receives large amounts of waste. It is therefore important to monitor and control inputs of contaminants into the North Sea. Inputs of effluents from offshore oil and gas production platforms (produced water) in the Norwegian sector have been monitored through an integrated chemical and biological effects programme since 2001. The programme has used caged Atlantic cod and blue mussels. PAH tissue residues in blue mussels and PAH bile metabolites in cod have confirmed exposure to effluents, but there was variation between years. Results for a range of biological effects methods reflected exposure gradients and indicated that exposure levels were low and caused minor environmental impact at the deployment locations. There is a need to develop methods that are sufficiently sensitive to components in produced water at levels found in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketil Hylland
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway.
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Schiedek D, Broeg K, Barsiene J, Lehtonen KK, Gercken J, Pfeifer S, Vuontisjärvi H, Vuorinen PJ, Dedonyte V, Koehler A, Balk L, Schneider R. Biomarker responses as indication of contaminant effects in blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and female eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) from the southwestern Baltic Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2006; 53:387-405. [PMID: 16380139 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
During a field study performed in spring and autumn 2001 and 2002, blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and female eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) were collected at three locations in the Wismar Bay (Baltic Sea), and several biomarkers of contaminant effects were analysed. Besides seasonal and inter-annual variations, biomarker signals were most pronounced at the location closest to Wismar Harbour (Wendorf) in both species. Lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) was lowest and acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) was significantly reduced. Frequency of micronuclei (MN) was significantly higher (in blue mussels), indicating mutagenic effects. In eelpout elevated levels of DNA adducts, EROD induction and PAH-metabolites were measured. Metallothionein (MT), biomarker for trace metal exposure, showed a gradient only in spring. Organochlorine contaminant analyses (PCBs, DDTs) corresponded to the observed biomarker levels. The results obtained clearly demonstrate pollution effects in the southwestern Baltic Sea. Moreover, they show that a multibiomarker approach is also applicable in a brackish water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Schiedek
- Baltic Sea Research Institute, Seestrasse 15, D-18119 Rostock, Germany.
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Hansson T, Schiedek D, Lehtonen KK, Vuorinen PJ, Liewenborg B, Noaksson E, Tjärnlund U, Hanson M, Balk L. Biochemical biomarkers in adult female perch (Perca fluviatilis) in a chronically polluted gradient in the Stockholm recipient (Sweden). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2006; 53:451-68. [PMID: 16750226 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A battery of biochemical biomarkers and the SigmaPCB concentration in adult female perch (Perca fluviatilis) verified an aquatic pollution gradient with the city of Stockholm (Sweden) as a point source of anthropogenic substances. The investigation included both an upstream gradient, 46 km westwards through Lake Mälaren, and a downstream gradient, 84 km eastwards through the Stockholm archipelago. Besides the main gradient from Stockholm, there were strong indications of pollution coming from the Baltic Sea. The results indicated a severe pollution situation in central Stockholm, with poor health status of the perch, characterised by increased specific EROD activity in the liver, increased liver EROD somatic index, decreased AChE activity in the muscle, increased amount of DNA adducts in the liver, and a high concentration of biliary 1-pyrenol. In addition, laboratory exposure to common EROD inducers elicited an abnormal response, suggestive of chronic intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Hansson
- Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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