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Combined Curcumin and Luteolin Synergistically Inhibit Colon Cancer Associated with Notch1 and TGF-β Signaling Pathways in Cultured Cells and Xenograft Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14123001. [PMID: 35740666 PMCID: PMC9221484 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14123001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to select a combination of curcumin and luteolin, two phytochemicals from food, at lower concentrations with a higher inhibitory effect on colon cancer growth and investigate possible molecular mechanisms of this anti-colon cancer effect. By pairwise combination screening, we identified that the combination of curcumin (CUR) at 15 μM and luteolin (LUT) at 30 μM (C15L30) synergistically suppressed the proliferation of human colon cancer CL-188 cells, but the individual chemicals had a little inhibitory effect at the selected concentrations. This result was also confirmed in other colon cancer DLD-1cells, suggesting that this synergistic inhibitory effect of C15L30 applies to different colon cancer cells. The combination C15L30 synergistically suppressed the wound closure (wound healing assay) in CL-188 cells. We also found that the combination of CUR and LUT (at 20 mg/kg/day and 10 mg/kg/day, respectively, IP injection, 5 days for 2 weeks) synergistically suppressed tumor growth in CL-188 cell-derived xenograft mice. Western blot results showed that protein levels of Notch1 and TGF-β were synergistically reduced by the combination, both in CL-188 cells and xenograft tumors. Tumor pathological analysis revealed that combined CUR and LUT synergistically increased necrosis, but the individual treatment with CUR and LUT had no significant effect on tumor necrosis. Therefore, combined curcumin and luteolin synergically inhibit colon cancer development by suppressing cell proliferation, necrosis, and migration associated with Notch1 and TGF-β pathways. This study provides evidence that colon cancer may be prevented/treated by consuming foods having high levels of luteolin and curcumin in humans.
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Zhang L, Wang X, Si H. Synergistic anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of the combination of resveratrol and curcumin in human vascular endothelial cells and rodent aorta. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 108:109083. [PMID: 35691595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic increased pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) play critical roles in the development of endothelial dysfunction and therefore induce cardiovascular disease. Although phytochemicals have the potential ability to reduce the risk of CVD, the big gap between required high concentration in cells and the low bioavailability in the blood of phytochemicals compromise their therapeutic potentials. This study aims to investigate if combined phytochemicals at low levels exert a synergistic anti-inflammatory effect and to define relevant molecular mechanisms. Our results found that combined curcumin (5 µM) and resveratrol (5 µM) synergistically (combination index is 0.78) inhibited TNF-α-induced monocytes adhesion to human endothelial EA.hy 926 cells while the individual chemicals did not have such effect at the selected concentrations. The concentrations of curcumin (5 µM) and resveratrol (5 µM) are very close to the maximum level of curcumin (3.56 µM) and resveratrol (2 µM) in human blood. Dietary supplementation of combined curcumin (500mg/kg) and resveratrol (200mg/kg) synergistically reduced TNF-α-induced vascular inflammation in C57BL/6 mice with a similar pattern in cells. Moreover, the combination ameliorated the TNF-α-induced protein expressions and circulating levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in EA.hy 926 cells, mice aorta and serum. Furthermore, combined curcumin and resveratrol significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65 nuclear protein expression than that by the individual chemical alone in EA.hy 926 cells, indicating that the synergistic effect of the combination may result from that curcumin reduces the required minimum concentration for resveratrol to inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. In conclusion, the combination of curcumin and resveratrol protects against TNF-α-induced vascular inflammation by suppressing NF-κB signaling in vitro and in vivo models. This study suggests that dietary intake of a combination of curcumin and resveratrol or its foods may be a practical, safe approach to prevent vascular inflammation and therefore prevent/treat vascular diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Human Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- Department of Human Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hongwei Si
- Department of Human Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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Subedi L, Gaire BP. Phytochemicals as regulators of microglia/macrophages activation in cerebral ischemia. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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DiMarco-Crook C, Rakariyatham K, Li Z, Du Z, Zheng J, Wu X, Xiao H. Synergistic anticancer effects of curcumin and 3',4'-didemethylnobiletin in combination on colon cancer cells. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1292-1301. [PMID: 32144766 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemoprevention strategies employing the use of multiple dietary bioactive components and their metabolites in combination offer advantages due to their low toxicity and potential synergistic interactions. Herein, for the first time, we studied the combination of curcumin and 3',4'-didemethylnobiletin (DDMN), a primary metabolite of nobiletin, to determine their combinatory effects in inhibiting growth of human colon cancer cells. Isobologram analysis revealed a synergistic interaction between curcumin and DDMN in the inhibition of cell growth of HCT116 colon cancer cells. The combination treatment induced significant G2 -M cell-cycle arrest and extensive apoptosis, which greatly exceeded the effects of individual treatments with curcumin or DDMN. Proteins associated with these heightened anticarcinogenic effects were p53, p21, HO-1, c-poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, Cdc2, and Cdc25c; each of the proteins was confirmed to be substantially impacted by the combination treatment, more than by individual treatments alone. Interestingly, an increase in the stability of curcumin was also observed with the presence of DDMN in cell culture medium, which could offer an explanation in part for the synergistic interaction between curcumin and DDMN. This newly identified synergy between curcumin and DDMN should be explored further to determine its chemopreventive potential against colon cancer in vivo. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study identifies for the first time the synergistic inhibition of colon cancer cell growth by the dietary component curcumin present in turmeric, in combination with a metabolite of nobiletin, a unique citrus flavonoid. The synergism of the combination may be due to cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by the combination as well as an improvement in the stability of curcumin as a result of the antioxidant property of the nobiletin metabolite. These significant findings of synergism between curcumin and the nobiletin metabolite could offer potential chemopreventive value against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhengze Li
- Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Zheyuan Du
- Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.,Inst. of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.,Dept. of Kinesiology and Health, Miami Univ., Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Hang Xiao
- Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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Zhang L, Wang X, Zhang L, Virgous C, Si H. Combination of curcumin and luteolin synergistically inhibits TNF-α-induced vascular inflammation in human vascular cells and mice. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 73:108222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Sf A, Maharjan R. Immunomodulation of Zerumbone via Decreasing the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species from Immune Cells. Pak J Biol Sci 2019; 21:475-479. [PMID: 30724050 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2018.475.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Zerumbone has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and anti-hyperglycemic effects but the specific mechanism through which zerumbone exerts its anti-inflammatory action through inhibiting reactive oxygen species was not well studied. Hence, this paper studied the zerumbone capacity to inhibit intracellular and extracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) produced by whole blood cell, polymorphoneutrophil (PMNs) and macrophage cells due to the zymogen and phorbolmyristerate acetate (PMA) oxidant effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zymogen and PMA based chemiluminescence assay were used to determine the immunomodulatory effect of zerumbone at concentrations (100, 10 and 1 μg mL-1) toward production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) from whole blood, PMNs and macrophage. RESULTS Zerumbone significantly inhibited intracellular and extracellular ROS production by the zymosan/PMA-activated phagocyte cells with IC50 values of (16.3±0.1, 23.7±0.1 and 4.97±0.1 μg mL-1) against whole blood, PMNs and macrophage respectively. CONCLUSION The anti-inflammatory activity of zerumbone was so much significant that even strong oxidant (zymogen and PMA) were not able to produce reactive oxygen species when incubated together in phagocytic cells, thus suppress production of ROS. Therefore, it is highly used in herbal medicine as a potent immunomodulatory therapy in various inflammation associated diseases.
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Zhang L, Virgous C, Si H. Synergistic anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of combined phytochemicals. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 69:19-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ahmed B, Liu S, Si H. Antiadipogenic Effects and Mechanisms of Combinations of Genistein, Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, and/or Resveratrol in Preadipocytes. J Med Food 2016; 20:162-170. [PMID: 27976976 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds are considered an excellent alternative strategy for developing effective, safe, and cost-effective antiobesity agents. The aim of this study was to investigate if combinations of soy bean genistein (G), green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (E), and/or grape resveratrol (R) at low dosages synergistically inhibit preadipocyte differentiation both in 3T3-L1 cells and human primary preadipocytes (HPAs). Our results show that combinations of G, E, and/or R additively inhibited preadipocyte differentiation (39-56% of control) both in 3T3-L1 cells at 30 μM and HPAs at 15 μM, while the individual compounds have no antiadipogenic effect at the selected concentrations. We also observed similar patterns that combinations of G, E, and/or R additively reduced protein expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and CCAAT binding proteins alpha (C/EBP-α), the two key preadipocyte differentiation regulators, both in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and HPAs. Moreover, combined G, E, and/or R attenuated protein expressions of fatty acid binding protein 4 and perilipin, two PPAR-γ/C/EBP-α downstream molecules in fat drop development in a very similar pattern, in inhibiting differentiation in preadipocytes. This combined antiadipogenic effect of G + E + R is additive, not synergistic according to our results and the Median-Effect Principle. In addition, we found that a lower concentration (15 μM) of G, E, and/or R is required in HPAs than the concentration (30 μM) needed in 3T3-L1 cells, to exert the combined antiadipogenic effect. These data suggest that combinations of G, E, and/or R intake or soy bean, green tea, and/or grape simultaneous consumption may prevent obesity in human being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulbul Ahmed
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Tennessee State University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Siqin Liu
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Tennessee State University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hongwei Si
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Tennessee State University , Nashville, Tennessee
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Rana VS, Ahluwalia V, Shakil NA, Prasad L. Essential oil composition, antifungal, and seedling growth inhibitory effects of zerumbone from Zingiber zerumbet Smith. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2016.1261051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virendra S. Rana
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Ahluwalia
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Najam A. Shakil
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Lakshman Prasad
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Kim JS, Kim AY, Shin HM, Ahn SI, Shim HJ, Nam KW, Hwang KA, Youn HS. Aster yomena suppresses LPS-induced cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2016.1251395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Soo Kim
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Myeong Shin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Il Ahn
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Shim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kung-Woo Nam
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sun Youn
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
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Ngamdee P, Jiamyangyuen S, Parkin KL. Phase II enzyme induction and anti-inflammatory effects of crude extracts and secondary fractions obtained from bran from five black glutinous rice cultivars. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paradorn Ngamdee
- Department of Agro-Industry; Faculty of Agricultural Natural Resources and Environment; Naresuan University; 99 Moo 9 Thapho Muang Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand
| | - Sudarat Jiamyangyuen
- Department of Agro-Industry; Faculty of Agricultural Natural Resources and Environment; Naresuan University; 99 Moo 9 Thapho Muang Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand
| | - Kirk L. Parkin
- Department of Food Science; 1605 Linden Drive; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706 USA
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Hemn HO, Noordin MM, Rahman HS, Hazilawati H, Zuki A, Chartrand MS. Antihypercholesterolemic and antioxidant efficacies of zerumbone on the formation, development, and establishment of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:4173-208. [PMID: 26347047 PMCID: PMC4529258 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s76225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the high incidence of cholesterol-induced cardiovascular disease, particularly atherosclerosis, the current study was designed to investigate the preventive and therapeutic efficacies of dietary zerumbone (ZER) supplementation on the formation and development of atherosclerosis in rabbits fed with a high cholesterol diet. A total of 72 New Zealand white rabbits were divided randomly on two experimental studies carried out 8 weeks apart. The first experiment was designed to investigate the prophylactic efficacy of ZER in preventing early developed atheromatous lesion. The second experimental trial was aimed at investigating the therapeutic effect of ZER in reducing the atherosclerotic lesion progression and establishment. Sudanophilia, histopathological, and ultrastructural changes showed pronounced reduction in the plaque size in ZER-medicated aortas. On the other hand, dietary supplementation of ZER for almost 10 weeks as a prophylactic measure indicated substantially decreasing lipid profile values, and similarly, plaque size in comparison with high-cholesterol non-supplemented rabbits. Furthermore, the results of oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarker evaluation indicated that ZER is a potent antioxidant in suppressing the generation of free radicals in terms of atherosclerosis prevention and treatment. ZER significantly reduced the value of malondialdehyde and augmented the value of superoxide dismutase. In conclusion, our data indicated that dietary supplementation of ZER at doses of 8, 16, and 20 mg/kg alone as a prophylactic measure, and as a supplementary treatment with simvastatin, significantly reduced early plague formation, development, and establishment via significant reduction in serum lipid profile, together with suppression of oxidative damage, and therefore alleviated atherosclerosis lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Othman Hemn
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan, Republic of Iraq
| | - Muhammad Mustapha Noordin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan, Republic of Iraq
| | - Hamza Hazilawati
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abubakr Zuki
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ahn SI, Lim SJ, Gu GJ, Kim JS, Paek JH, Kim S, Lim SS, Youn HS. Eupartoium makinoisuppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2014.968768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Lee EK, Jeong DW, Lim SJ, Gu GJ, Ahn SI, Kim JS, Paek JH, Kim S, Hong JS, Lim SS, Youn HS. Carpesium abrotanoides extract inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression induced by toll-like receptor agonists. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Eguchi A, Kaneko Y, Murakami A, Ohigashi H. Zerumbone Suppresses Phorbol Ester-Induced Expression of Multiple Scavenger Receptor Genes in THP-1 Human Monocytic Cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 71:935-45. [PMID: 17420607 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Unregulated uptake of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) via macrophage scavenger receptors (SRs), such as lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), is a key event in atherosclerosis. In the present study, we used differentiated Caco-2 cells as a model of the human small intestine to evaluate the suppressive effects of 16 traditional food items selected from Okinawa on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced LOX-1 mRNA expression in THP-1 human monocyte-like cells. Three Zingiberaceae plants, Curcuma aromatica Salisbury, Curcuma longa L., and Zingiber zerumbet Smith, markedly suppressed that expression. When added to the apical sides of Caco-2 monolayers, zerumbone, a sesquiterpene from Z. zerumbet Smith, was found to permeate into the basolateral medium as an intact structure in a time-dependent manner. alpha-Humulene, a structural analog of zerumbone lacking the alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl group, did not suppress LOX-1 mRNA expression, indicating that its electrophilic moiety might play pivotal roles in its activities. Further, zerumbone attenuated the expression of SR-A, SR-PSOX, and CD36, but not that of CD68 or CLA-1, leading to a blockade of DiI-acLDL uptake, while it also inhibited the transcriptional activities of activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB. Together, our results indicate that zerumbone is a potential phytochemical for regulating atherosclerosis with reasonable action mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Eguchi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Modifying Effects of Dietary Factors on (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate-induced Pro-matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Production in HT-29 Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 71:2442-50. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kitayama T, Nakahira M, Yamasaki K, Inoue H, Imada C, Yonekura Y, Awata M, Takaya H, Kawai Y, Ohnishi K, Murakami A. Novel synthesis of zerumbone-pendant derivatives and their biological activity. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abraham SK, Khandelwal N. Ascorbic acid and dietary polyphenol combinations protect against genotoxic damage induced in mice by endogenous nitrosation. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 757:167-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pervin M, Hasnat MDA, Debnath T, Park SR, Kim DH, Lim BO. Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Activity of Angelica Dahurica
Root Extracts. J Food Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehnaz Pervin
- Department of Applied Biochemistry; College of Biomedical & Health Science; Konkuk University; Chungju 380-701 Republic of Korea
| | - MD Abul Hasnat
- Department of Applied Biochemistry; College of Biomedical & Health Science; Konkuk University; Chungju 380-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Trishna Debnath
- Department of Applied Biochemistry; College of Biomedical & Health Science; Konkuk University; Chungju 380-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sa Ra Park
- Department of Applied Biochemistry; College of Biomedical & Health Science; Konkuk University; Chungju 380-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye Kim
- Department of Applied Biochemistry; College of Biomedical & Health Science; Konkuk University; Chungju 380-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Beong Ou Lim
- Department of Applied Biochemistry; College of Biomedical & Health Science; Konkuk University; Chungju 380-701 Republic of Korea
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Eom SH, Gu GJ, Suh CW, Koh KO, Kim DY, Eom YB, Youn HS. Suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression induced by Toll-like receptor agonists by (E)-1-(2-(2-nitrovinyl)phenyl)pyrrolidine. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:205-9. [PMID: 23810445 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize many pathogen-associated molecular patterns and induce innate immunity. TLR signaling pathways induce the activation of various transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), leading to the induction of pro-inflammatory gene products, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Here, we investigated the effect of an (E)-1-(2-(2-nitrovinyl)phenyl)pyrrolidine (NVPP), previously synthesized in our laboratory, on inflammation by modulating NF-κB activation and iNOS expression induced by TLR agonists in murine macrophages. NVPP suppressed NF-κB activation and iNOS expression induced by lipopolysaccharide (TLR4 agonist), polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (TLR3 agonist), and macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2kDa (TLR2 and TLR6 agonist). All the results suggest that NVPP is suitable for development as a new anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hoon Eom
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam, Asan, Republic of Korea
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Gu GJ, Eom SH, Shin HJ, Paek JH, Kim S, Lim SS, Youn HS. Japanese bog orchid (Eupatorium japonicum) extract suppresses expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 induced by toll-like receptor agonists. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Afzal A, Oriqat G, Akram Khan M, Jose J, Afzal M. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Terpenoids fromCurcumaand Related Species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/22311866.2013.782757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Fardet A, Chardigny JM. Plant-Based Foods as a Source of Lipotropes for Human Nutrition: A Survey of In Vivo Studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 53:535-90. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.549596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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24
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Isobavachalcone suppresses expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase induced by Toll-like receptor agonists. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 15:38-41. [PMID: 23164691 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role by recognizing many pathogen-associated molecular patterns and inducing innate immunity. Dysregulated activation of TLR signaling pathways induces the activation of various transcription factors such as nuclear factor-κB, leading to the induction of pro-inflammatory gene products such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The present study investigated the effect of isobavachalcone (IBC), a natural chalcone component of Angelica keiskei, on inflammation by modulating iNOS expression induced by TLR agonists in murine macrophages. IBC suppressed iNOS expression induced by macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2-kDa, polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid, or lipopolysaccharide. These results indicate the potential of IBC as a potent anti-inflammatory drug.
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Rana VS, Verdeguer M, Blazquez MA. Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Zingiber Zerumbet Var. Darcyi. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200701031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation method from the rhizomes of Z. zerumbet var. darcyi was determined by GC and GC-MS. Thirty-three compounds, accounting for 93.6% of the oil were identified including twenty compounds in minor (0.1-0.6%) and eight in trace (<0.05%) amounts. The main compounds were zerumbone (69.9%) α-humulene (12.9%), humulene epoxide II (2.5%), caryophyllene oxide (1.1%) and camphene (1.9%). In this analysis, it has been found that the variety could be used as an additional new source of natural zerumbone besides Zingiber zerumbet. This is a first report on the analysis of Z. zerumbet var. darcyi oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra S. Rana
- Natural Product Chemistry Lab, Medicinal Plants and Horticultural Resources Division, Institute of Bioresources of Sustainable Development, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Mercedes Verdeguer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria A. Blazquez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Zerumbone attenuates the severity of acute necrotizing pancreatitis and pancreatitis-induced hepatic injury. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:156507. [PMID: 22529518 PMCID: PMC3317088 DOI: 10.1155/2012/156507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper investigated the potential effects of zerumbone pretreatment on an acute necrotizing pancreatitis rat model induced by sodium taurocholate. The pancreatitis injury was evaluated by serum AMY, sPLA2, and pancreatic pathological score. Pancreatitis-induced hepatic injury was measured by ALT, AST, and hepatic histopathology. The expression of I-κBα and NF-κB protein was evaluated by western blot and immunohistochemistry assay while ICAM-1 and IL-1β mRNA were examined by RT-PCR. The results showed that AMY, sPLA2, ALT, and AST levels and histopathological assay of pancreatic and hepatic tissues were significantly reduced following administration of zerumbone. Applying zerumbone also has been shown to inhibit NF-κB protein and downregulation of ICAM-1 and IL-1β mRNA. The present paper suggests that treatment of zerumbone on rat attenuates the severity of acute necrotizing pancreatitis and pancreatitis-induced hepatic injury, via inhibiting NF-κB activation and downregulating the expression of ICAM-1 and IL-1β.
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Analysis of in vitro chemoprevention of genotoxic damage by phytochemicals, as single agents or as combinations. Mutat Res 2012; 744:117-24. [PMID: 22405976 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemoprevention with low-dose combinations of bioactive phytochemicals instead of single agents has been suggested to induce less toxicity and improve efficacy. In this study, we selected four plant food-based phytochemicals, viz. chlorogenic acid (CLA), pelargonidin (PEL), resveratrol (RES) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to evaluate the in vitro chemoprevention of genotoxic damage in HL-60 cells. These agents were tested either individually or as a combination at two concentrations (with a 10-fold difference) against the genotoxins mitomycin C (MMC), diepoxybutane (DEB) and patulin (PAT). Our preliminary ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay demonstrated additive effects when PEL, CLA, RES and EGCG were combined. Results of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus test showed significant protection against genotoxic damage induced by PAT, DEB and MMC when CLA, PEL, RES and EGCG were tested individually. This protective effect of the phytochemicals was not concentration-related. Both low- and high-concentration combinations of CLA, PEL, RES and EGCG showed significant reducing effects on the frequencies of micronuclei induced by PAT, DEB and MMC. However, the micronucleus test did not provide indications of additive or synergistic effects with this combination of phytochemicals. In conclusion, the chemo-preventive effects of PEL, CLA, RES and EGCG against genotoxic damage induced by MMC, DEB and PAT are indicative of a 'saturation effect' when higher concentrations and combinations of these phytochemicals are used.
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Uto T, Morinaga O, Tanaka H, Shoyama Y. Analysis of the synergistic effect of glycyrrhizin and other constituents in licorice extract on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production using knock-out extract. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 417:473-8. [PMID: 22178686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological evidence for synergism between natural compounds is not fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the synergistic function of one target compound in medicinal plant extract by using knock-out (KO) extract, which is one target compound-eliminated extract from whole crude extract. Licorice is the most important ingredient used in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the Japanese Kampo medicine, and one of the major active components of licorice is glycyrrhizin (GC). To identify the potential role of GC, we prepared GC-removed extract (GC-KO extract) from licorice extract (LE) using immunoaffinity column conjugated with anti-GC monoclonal antibody (MAb), which could eliminate 99.5% of GC from LE. LE inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264 murine macrophage cells. However, treatment of GC alone could not show the suppression of NO production and iNOS expression. Interestingly, the inhibitory effect of GC-KO extract was significantly attenuated compared with LE. Furthermore, the combined treatment with GC-KO extract and GC could improve the attenuated inhibition. Taken together, our results indicate that GC may exert synergistic suppression of iNOS expression when coexisting with the other constituents contained in LE, and KO extract is a useful approach for determination of real pharmacological functions of natural compound in the phytochemical mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuhiro Uto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
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29
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Takahashi M, Sugiyama Y, Kawabata K, Takahashi Y, Irie K, Murakami A, Kubo Y, Kobayashi K, Ohigashi H. 1,2-Di-O-α-linolenoyl-3-O-β-galactosyl-sn-glycerol as a superoxide generation inhibitor from Perilla frutescens var. crispa. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2011; 75:2240-2. [PMID: 22056448 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Using a superoxide (O(2)(-)) generation assay system with differentiated HL-60 cells, 1,2-di-O-α-linolenoyl-3-O-β-galactosyl-sn-glycerol (DLGG) was identified as an O(2)(-) generation inhibitor from Perilla frutescens var. crispa (a local variety, kida-chirimen shiso). DLGG suppressed the O(2)(-) level in a dose-dependent manner with an IC(50) value of 21 µM, comparable to those of rosmarinic acid (RoA, IC(50) = 29 µM) and caffeic acid (CA, IC(50) = 30 µM). While RoA and CA also dose-dependently inhibited O(2)(-) generation in a xanthine-xanthine oxidase system, DLGG had no effect in the same system. Thus DLGG appeared to decrease the O(2)(-) level in the HL-60 assay system by mechanisms different from those of RoA and CA, which appeared to act as O(2)(-) scavengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Takahashi
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheji-cho, Fukui, Japan.
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Isolation and synergism of in vitro anti-inflammatory and quinone reductase (QR) inducing agents from the fruits of Morinda citrifolia (noni). Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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31
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Wang KT, Chen LG, Tseng SH, Huang JS, Hsieh MS, Wang CC. Anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol and oligostilbenes from Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana against lipopolysaccharide-induced arthritis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:3649-3656. [PMID: 21391605 DOI: 10.1021/jf104718g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Vitis thunbergii Sieb. and Zucc. var. taiwaniana Lu is an endemic plant in Taiwan used as a dietary supplement for bone health. In this study, human chondrocytes were induced to produce COX-2, MMP-3, -13, and PGE(2) by LPS. An (18)F-FDG microPET imaging system was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory arthritic effects in vivo. Six stilbenes, resveratrol (1), (+)-ε-viniferin (2), ampelopsin C (3), ampelopsin A (4), (-)-vitisin B (5), and (+)-vitisin A (6), were isolated from the stem part of V. thunbergii, which displayed the strongest PGE(2) inhibition. Among these compounds, 1 significantly decreased COX-2 activity, PGE(2), MMP-3, and -13 production in vitro, and (18)F-FDG uptake and serum PGE(2) in rabbits in vivo. Anti-inflammatory effects were enhanced through the combined usage of 1 and other oligostilbenes. Taken together, the synergistic effects of 1 and oligostilbenes resulted in stem part extracts with lower 1 content displaying the better anti-inflammatory arthritis effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Teng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Taha MME, Abdul AB, Abdullah R, Ibrahim TAT, Abdelwahab SI, Mohan S. Potential chemoprevention of diethylnitrosamine-initiated and 2-acetylaminofluorene-promoted hepatocarcinogenesis by zerumbone from the rhizomes of the subtropical ginger (Zingiber zerumbet). Chem Biol Interact 2010; 186:295-305. [PMID: 20452335 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Zerumbone (ZER), a monosesquiterpene found in the subtropical ginger (Zingiber zerumbet Smith), possesses antiproliferative properties to several cancer cells lines, including the cervical, skin and colon cancers. In this study, the antitumourigenic effects of ZER were assessed in rats induced to develop liver cancer with a single intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg) and dietary 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) (0.02%). The rats also received intraperitoneal ZER injections at 15, 30 or 60 mg/kg body wt. twice a week for 11 weeks, beginning week four post-DEN injection. The hepatocytes of positive control (DEN/AAF) rats were smaller with larger hyperchromatic nuclei than normal, showing cytoplasmic granulation and intracytoplasmic violaceous material, which were characteristics of hepatocarcinogenesis. Histopathological evaluations showed that ZER protects the rat liver from the carcinogenic effects of DEN and AAF. Serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were significantly lower (P<0.05) in ZER-treated than untreated rats with liver cancer. The liver malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations significantly (P<0.05) increased in the untreated DEN/AAF rats indicating hepatic lipid peroxidation. There was also significant (P<0.05) reduction in the hepatic tissue glutathione (GSH) concentrations. The liver sections of untreated DEN/AAF rats also showed abundant proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), while in ZER-treated rats the expression of this antigen was significantly (P<0.05) lowered. By the TUNEL assay, there were significantly (P<0.05) higher numbers of apoptotic cells in DEN/AAF rats treated with ZER than those untreated. Zerumbone treatment had also increased Bax and decreased Bcl-2 protein expression in the livers of DEN/AAF rats, which suggested increased apoptosis. Even after 11 weeks of ZER treatment, there was no evidence of abnormality in the liver of normal rats. This study suggests that ZER reduces oxidative stress, inhibits proliferation, induces mitochondria-regulated apoptosis, thus minimising DEN/AAF-induced carcinogenesis in rat liver. Therefore, ZER has great potential in the treatment of liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Mohamed Elhassan Taha
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Parker TL, Miller SA, Myers LE, Miguez FE, Engeseth NJ. Evaluation of synergistic antioxidant potential of complex mixtures using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:209-217. [PMID: 19957934 DOI: 10.1021/jf903080f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that certain combinations of compounds result in a decrease in toxic or pro-oxidative effects, previously noted when compounds were administered singly. Thus, there is a need to study many complex interactions further. Two in vitro techniques [electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays] were used in this study to assess pro- and antioxidant capacity and synergistic potential of various compounds. Rutin, p-coumaric acid, abscisic acid, ascorbic acid, and a sugar solution were evaluated individually at various concentrations and in all 26 possible combinations at concentrations found in certain foods (honey or papaya), both before and after simulated digestion. EPR results indicated sugar-containing combinations provided significantly higher antioxidant capacity; those combinations containing sugars and ascorbic acid demonstrated synergistic potential. The ORAC assay suggested additive effects, with some combinations having synergistic potential, although fewer combinations were significantly synergistic after digestion. Finally, ascorbic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, and urate were evaluated at serum-achievable levels. EPR analysis did not demonstrate additive or synergistic potential, although ORAC analysis did, principally in combinations containing ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tory L Parker
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, S-135 ESC, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
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Eguchi A, Murakami A, Ohigashi H. Novel bioassay system for evaluating anti-oxidative activities of food items: Use of basolateral media from differentiated Caco-2 cells. Free Radic Res 2009; 39:1367-75. [PMID: 16298867 DOI: 10.1080/10715760500045624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, including superoxide and nitric oxide (NO), are known to be mediators of oxidative stress and play pivotal roles in the onset of numerous life style-related diseases. While a number of studies have shown that naturally occurring anti-oxidants may be applicable for prevention and therapy for those diseases, most in vitro anti-oxidation tests reported have not provided significant insight into the absorption efficiency or metabolism of dietary anti-oxidants in the gastrointestinal tract. In the present study, we established a novel assay system by focusing on the bioconversion of food constituents using differentiated Caco-2 cells as a model of human intestinal epithelial cells. Various fresh food preparations [ginger, garlic, shimeji (Hypsizigus marmoreus), onion, carrot] were added to the apical side of differentiated Caco-2 monolayers. After incubation, the medium was recovered and tested for its inhibitory effects on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced generation in differentiated HL-60 cells, and on combined lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and interferon (IFN)-gamma -induced NO generation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The garlic preparation (25% v/v) basolateral medium abolished generation without any cytotoxicity toward HL-60 cells, though it was cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells. In the NO generation tests, all of the food preparations showed notable inhibitory activity, while the garlic preparation (5% v/v) basolateral medium inhibited NO generation with substantial cytotoxicity toward RAW 264.7 cells. Interestingly, the carrot preparation (1% v/v) basolateral medium inhibited NO generation in both a concentration- and time-dependent manner without any cytotoxicity toward RAW 264.7 or Caco-2 cells, and its activities were higher than those of the carrot preparation alone (1% v/v). Our results indicate that the present assay system is appropriate and reliable for determination of the anti-oxidative efficacy of dietary phytochemicals in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Eguchi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Fakurazi S, Hairuszah I, Lip JM, Shanthi G, Nanthini U, Shamima A, Roslida H, Tan Y. Hepatoprotective Action of Zerumbone Against Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2009.161.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Kell DB. Iron behaving badly: inappropriate iron chelation as a major contributor to the aetiology of vascular and other progressive inflammatory and degenerative diseases. BMC Med Genomics 2009; 2:2. [PMID: 19133145 PMCID: PMC2672098 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of peroxide and superoxide is an inevitable consequence of aerobic metabolism, and while these particular 'reactive oxygen species' (ROSs) can exhibit a number of biological effects, they are not of themselves excessively reactive and thus they are not especially damaging at physiological concentrations. However, their reactions with poorly liganded iron species can lead to the catalytic production of the very reactive and dangerous hydroxyl radical, which is exceptionally damaging, and a major cause of chronic inflammation. REVIEW We review the considerable and wide-ranging evidence for the involvement of this combination of (su)peroxide and poorly liganded iron in a large number of physiological and indeed pathological processes and inflammatory disorders, especially those involving the progressive degradation of cellular and organismal performance. These diseases share a great many similarities and thus might be considered to have a common cause (i.e. iron-catalysed free radical and especially hydroxyl radical generation).The studies reviewed include those focused on a series of cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological diseases, where iron can be found at the sites of plaques and lesions, as well as studies showing the significance of iron to aging and longevity. The effective chelation of iron by natural or synthetic ligands is thus of major physiological (and potentially therapeutic) importance. As systems properties, we need to recognise that physiological observables have multiple molecular causes, and studying them in isolation leads to inconsistent patterns of apparent causality when it is the simultaneous combination of multiple factors that is responsible.This explains, for instance, the decidedly mixed effects of antioxidants that have been observed, since in some circumstances (especially the presence of poorly liganded iron) molecules that are nominally antioxidants can actually act as pro-oxidants. The reduction of redox stress thus requires suitable levels of both antioxidants and effective iron chelators. Some polyphenolic antioxidants may serve both roles.Understanding the exact speciation and liganding of iron in all its states is thus crucial to separating its various pro- and anti-inflammatory activities. Redox stress, innate immunity and pro- (and some anti-)inflammatory cytokines are linked in particular via signalling pathways involving NF-kappaB and p38, with the oxidative roles of iron here seemingly involved upstream of the IkappaB kinase (IKK) reaction. In a number of cases it is possible to identify mechanisms by which ROSs and poorly liganded iron act synergistically and autocatalytically, leading to 'runaway' reactions that are hard to control unless one tackles multiple sites of action simultaneously. Some molecules such as statins and erythropoietin, not traditionally associated with anti-inflammatory activity, do indeed have 'pleiotropic' anti-inflammatory effects that may be of benefit here. CONCLUSION Overall we argue, by synthesising a widely dispersed literature, that the role of poorly liganded iron has been rather underappreciated in the past, and that in combination with peroxide and superoxide its activity underpins the behaviour of a great many physiological processes that degrade over time. Understanding these requires an integrative, systems-level approach that may lead to novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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Moon YJ, Shin BS, An G, Morris ME. Biochanin A Inhibits Breast Cancer Tumor Growth in A Murine Xenograft Model. Pharm Res 2008; 25:2158-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9583-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Murakami A, Ohigashi H. Targeting NOX, INOS and COX-2 in inflammatory cells: chemoprevention using food phytochemicals. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:2357-63. [PMID: 17893865 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biological, biochemical and physical stimuli activate inflammatory leukocytes, such as macrophages, resulting in induction and synthesis of proinflammatory proteins and enzymes, together with free radicals, as innate immune responses. On the other hand, chronic and dysregulated activation of some inducible enzymes, including NADPH oxidase (NOX), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, have been shown to play pivotal roles in the development of certain inflammatory diseases such as oncogenesis. While the use of synthetic agents, especially those targeting molecules, is an attractive and reasonable approach to prevent carcinogenesis, it should be noted that traditional herbs and spices also exist along with their active constituents, which have been demonstrated to disrupt inflammatory signal transduction pathways. In this mini-review, the molecular mechanisms of activation or induction of NOX, iNOS and COX-2, as well as some food phytochemicals with marked potential to regulate those key inflammatory molecules, are highlighted. For example, 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate, which occurs in the rhizomes of the subtropical Zingiberaceae plant, has been shown to attenuate NOX-derived superoxide generation in macrophages, as well as lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2) production through the suppression of iNOS and COX-2 synthesis, respectively. Notably, this phytochemical has exhibited a wide range of cancer prevention activities in several rodent models of inflammation-associated carcinogenesis. Herein, the cancer preventive potentials of several food phytochemicals targeting the induction of NOX, iNOS and COX-2 are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Maeta K, Nomura W, Takatsume Y, Izawa S, Inoue Y. Green tea polyphenols function as prooxidants to activate oxidative-stress-responsive transcription factors in yeasts. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 73:572-80. [PMID: 17122395 PMCID: PMC1796961 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01963-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenolic flavonoid in green tea. Catechin and its derivatives, including EGCG, are widely believed to function as antioxidants. Here we demonstrate that both EGCG and green tea extract (GTE) cause oxidative stress-related responses in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe under weak alkaline conditions in terms of the activation of oxidative-stress-responsive transcription factors. GTE as well as EGCG induced the nuclear localization of Yap1 in S. cerevisiae, which was repressed by the addition of catalase but not by the addition of superoxide dismutase. The same phenomena were observed for the nucleocytoplasmic localization of Msn2 in S. cerevisiae and Pap1, a Yap1 homologue, in S. pombe. The formation of intramolecular disulfide bonds has been proposed to be crucial for the H(2)O(2)-induced nuclear localization of Yap1, and we verified the importance of cysteine residues of Yap1 in response to EGCG and GTE. Additionally, we show that EGCG and GTE produce H(2)O(2) in a weak alkaline medium. Finally, we conclude that tea polyphenols are able to act as prooxidants to cause a response to oxidative stress in yeasts under certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Maeta
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Yun CH, Jung U, Son CG, Ju HR, Han SH. 3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1), a food-born carcinogenic heterocyclic amine, promotes nitric oxide production in murine macrophages. Toxicol Lett 2006; 161:18-26. [PMID: 16139443 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2005] [Revised: 07/20/2005] [Accepted: 07/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A heterocyclic amine, 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1) is one of the potent food-born dietary carcinogens derived mainly from burnt meat products. In the present study, we investigated the inductive effect of Trp-P-1 on nitric oxide (NO) production in murine macrophages since NO and its oxidized derivatives are directly involved in triggering mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Our results show that Trp-P-1 induced mRNA expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and NO production without co-stimulation in murine peritoneal macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells. Trp-P-1 further enhanced both iNOS mRNA expression and NO production, which were primarily induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated that Trp-P-1, alone or in the presence of LPS, facilitated the DNA binding activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, and the trans-acting activity of the NF-kappaB was confirmative as determined by in vitro transfection and a luciferase reporter gene assay. Moreover, Trp-P-1 induced increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play an important role in NF-kappaB activation. These results suggest that Trp-P-1 induces NO production mediated by an increased intracellular ROS, NF-kappaB activation, and subsequent iNOS gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Heui Yun
- Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, San 4-8 Bongcheon-7 dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul 151-818, Republic of Korea
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Aggarwal BB, Ichikawa H, Garodia P, Weerasinghe P, Sethi G, Bhatt ID, Pandey MK, Shishodia S, Nair MG. From traditional Ayurvedic medicine to modern medicine: identification of therapeutic targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2006; 10:87-118. [PMID: 16441231 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.10.1.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a hyperproliferative disorder that involves transformation, dysregulation of apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. Extensive research during the last 30 years has revealed much about the biology of cancer. Drugs used to treat most cancers are those that can block cell signalling, including growth factor signalling (e.g., epidermal growth factor); prostaglandin production (e.g., COX-2); inflammation (e.g., inflammatory cytokines: NF-kappaB, TNF, IL-1, IL-6, chemokines); drug resistance gene products (e.g., multi-drug resistance); cell cycle proteins (e.g., cyclin D1 and cyclin E); angiogenesis (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor); invasion (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases); antiapoptosis (e.g., bcl-2, bcl-X(L), XIAP, survivin, FLIP); and cellular proliferation (e.g., c-myc, AP-1, growth factors). Numerous reports have suggested that Ayurvedic plants and their components mediate their effects by modulating several of these recently identified therapeutic targets. However, Ayurvedic medicine requires rediscovery in light of our current knowledge of allopathic (modern) medicine. The focus of this review is to elucidate the Ayurvedic concept of cancer, including its classification, causes, pathogenesis and prevention; surgical removal of tumours; herbal remedies; dietary modifications; and spiritual treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat B Aggarwal
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Box 143, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Takada Y, Murakami A, Aggarwal BB. Zerumbone abolishes NF-kappaB and IkappaBalpha kinase activation leading to suppression of antiapoptotic and metastatic gene expression, upregulation of apoptosis, and downregulation of invasion. Oncogene 2006; 24:6957-69. [PMID: 16007145 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Zerumbone found in subtropical ginger Zingiber zerumbet Smith exhibits antiproliferative and antiinflammatory activities but underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. As several genes that regulate proliferation and apoptosis are regulated by nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, we hypothesized that zerumbone mediates its activity through the modulation of NF-kappaB activation. We found that zerumbone suppressed NF-kappaB activation induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF), okadaic acid, cigarette smoke condensate, phorbol myristate acetate, and H2O2 and that the suppression was not cell type specific. Interestingly, alpha-humulene, a structural analogue of zerumbone lacking the carbonyl group, was completely inactive. Besides being inducible, constitutively active NF-kappaB was also inhibited. NF-kappaB inhibition by zerumbone correlated with sequential suppression of the IkappaBalpha kinase activity, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation, IkappaBalpha degradation, p65 phosphorylation, p65 nuclear translocation, and p65 acylation. Zerumbone also inhibited the NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene expression activated by TNF, TNFR1, TRADD, TRAF2, NIK, and IKK but not that activated by the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB. NF-kappaB-regulated gene products, such as cyclin D1, COX-2, MMP-9, ICAM-1, c-Myc, survivin, IAP1, IAP2, XIAP, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bfl-1/A1, TRAF1 and FLIP, were all downregulated by zerumbone. This downregulation led to the potentiation of apoptosis induced by cytokines and chemotherapeutic agents. Zerumbone's inhibition of expression of these NF-kappaB-regulated genes also correlated with the suppression of TNF-induced invasion activity. Overall, our results indicated that zerumbone inhibits the activation of NF-kappaB and NF-kappaB-regulated gene expression induced by carcinogens and that this inhibition may provide a molecular basis for the prevention and treatment of cancer by zerumbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Takada
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Box 143, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Jang DS, Min HY, Kim MS, Han AR, Windono T, Jeohn GH, Kang SS, Lee SK, Seo EK. Humulene derivatives from Zingiber zerumbet with the inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2005; 53:829-31. [PMID: 15997145 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.53.829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new humulene sesquiterpene, 5-hydroxyzerumbone (5-hydroxy-2E,6E,9E-humulatrien-8-one) (1) and a known compound, zerumboneoxide (2) were isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet (Zingiberaceae), and found to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 values of 14.1 and 23.5 microM, respectively, by bioassay-guided fractionation (positive control: N(omega)-monomethyl-L-arginine, IC50=21.3 microM). The structure of 1 was determined by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D-NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Sik Jang
- Division of Molecular Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Elbling L, Weiss RM, Teufelhofer O, Uhl M, Knasmueller S, Schulte-Hermann R, Berger W, Micksche M. Green tea extract and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, the major tea catechin, exert oxidant but lack antioxidant activities. FASEB J 2005; 19:807-9. [PMID: 15738004 DOI: 10.1096/fj.04-2915fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Green tea is the most widely consumed beverage. It has attained high reputation as a health-promoting dietary component ascribed to the antioxidant activity of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), its main polyphenolic constituent. Evidence is increasing that tea constituents can be cell damaging and pro-oxidant themselves. These effects were suggested to be due to spontaneous H2O2 generation by polyphenols in solution. In the present study, we investigated the oxidant and antioxidant properties of green tea extracts (GTE) and of EGCG by means of the rodent macrophage-like RAW 264.7 and human promyelocytic leukemic HL60 cell lines. The results obtained show that both under cell-free conditions and in the presence of cells the oxidant activities of GTE and EGCG exceeded those of spontaneously generated H2O2 (FOX assay). Increase of intracellular oxidative stress was indicated by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin probing, and the enhanced genotoxicity was demonstrated by the alkaline comet assay and by the micronucleus assay (cytokinesis block). Time- and dose-dependent induction of cell death was monitored by trypan blue exclusion, MTT assay, and Hoechst staining. Furthermore, in our systems in vitro, EGCG neither directly scavenges H2O2 nor mediates other antioxidant activities but rather increased H2O2-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage. In conclusion, our data suggest that detailed mechanistic studies on the effects of GTE and EGCG should be performed in vivo before excessive intake and/or topical application of green tea products can be recommended to healthy and/or diseased persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonilla Elbling
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Applied and Experimental Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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Abstract
Cancer prevention strategies making use of combined agents with distinct molecular mechanisms, rather than individual agents, are considered promising for higher efficacy and lower toxicity. Although there is increasing understanding of the synergistic combinations of synthetic agents, our knowledge regarding such combinations of food factors remains limited. We recently found that free radical generation suppressants from food items in combination with their scavengers at low concentrations exhibited notable synergistic effects in activated leukocytes, whereas combinations of agents with similar modes of action showed additive or antagonistic effects. For example, pound -)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from green tea has been shown to increase the endotoxin-induced production of proinflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E(2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in RAW264.7 macrophages, whereas the soybean isoflavonoid genistein compensated for these inverse properties of EGCG, leading to marked suppression in combination. The present review briefly highlights the potential effectiveness of combinations of several agents with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties for cancer preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Ohigashi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Murakami A, Miyamoto M, Ohigashi H. Zerumbone, an anti-inflammatory phytochemical, induces expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes in human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. Biofactors 2004; 21:95-101. [PMID: 15630177 DOI: 10.1002/biof.552210118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Zerumbone, a sesquiterpene occurring in zingiberaceous plants in Southeast Asian countries, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in several independent experimental studies. We examined its effect on the expression of proinflammatory genes in human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines, Caco-2, Colo320DM, and HT-29, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. Surprisingly, zerumbone markedly induced the expression of interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in each cell line in concentration- and time-dependent manners. Results of a previous pharmacological approach using specific inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) suggested that the activation of both c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, however, not that of p38 MAPK, may be involved in zerumbone-induced IL-1beta expression pathways in Caco-2 cells. The present results imply that zerumbone increases the production of proinflammatory cytokines in cancerous tissues in the colon and that this biochemical property may cause side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Murakami A, Takahashi D, Hagihara K, Koshimizu K, Ohigashi H. Combinatorial effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and food constituents on production of prostaglandin E2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in RAW264.7 murine macrophages. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2003; 67:1056-62. [PMID: 12834283 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.67.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Combinatorial chemopreventive strategies, in contrast to those with individual agents, show potential in terms of potentially lower toxicity and higher efficacy. In this study, we combined several agents and examined their suppressive effects on the combined lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and interferon(IFN)-gamma-induced formation of proinflammatory mediators, including prostaglandin (PG) E2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, in RAW264.7 murine macrophages. The combinatorial effects of indomethacin/genistein (GEN) and aspirin/GEN were found to be synergistic for PGE2 suppression, while the nimesulide/GEN combination was antagonistic. Further, while (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) alone increased LPS/IFM-gamma-induced production of PGE2 and TNF-alpha as well as cyclooxygenase-2 expression, the EGCG/GEN combination markedly suppressed these parameters. Our results suggest that certain chemopreventive agents act complexly and that, when used in combination, they affect the intracellular signaling pathways of the paired agents to exert additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Surh YJ, Ferguson LR. Dietary and medicinal antimutagens and anticarcinogens: molecular mechanisms and chemopreventive potential--highlights of a symposium. Mutat Res 2003; 523-524:1-8. [PMID: 12628498 DOI: 10.1016/s0027-5107(02)00343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antimutagens and anticarcinogens are common amongst many traditional herbal remedies and dietary therapies. With increased understanding of the mechanistic basis of cancer development and cancer prevention, we are now better aware of ways in which some of these traditional remedies may act at the cellular or subcellular levels. This special issue features some of the highlights of the conference on this topic that was held in Seoul on October 17-19, 2001.
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