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Clarke S, Da Costa S, Crottaz-Herbette S. Dual Representation of the Auditory Space. Brain Sci 2024; 14:535. [PMID: 38928534 PMCID: PMC11201621 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Auditory spatial cues contribute to two distinct functions, of which one leads to explicit localization of sound sources and the other provides a location-linked representation of sound objects. Behavioral and imaging studies demonstrated right-hemispheric dominance for explicit sound localization. An early clinical case study documented the dissociation between the explicit sound localizations, which was heavily impaired, and fully preserved use of spatial cues for sound object segregation. The latter involves location-linked encoding of sound objects. We review here evidence pertaining to brain regions involved in location-linked representation of sound objects. Auditory evoked potential (AEP) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies investigated this aspect by comparing encoding of individual sound objects, which changed their locations or remained stationary. Systematic search identified 1 AEP and 12 fMRI studies. Together with studies of anatomical correlates of impaired of spatial-cue-based sound object segregation after focal brain lesions, the present evidence indicates that the location-linked representation of sound objects involves strongly the left hemisphere and to a lesser degree the right hemisphere. Location-linked encoding of sound objects is present in several early-stage auditory areas and in the specialized temporal voice area. In these regions, emotional valence benefits from location-linked encoding as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Clarke
- Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Av. Pierre-Decker 5, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.D.C.); (S.C.-H.)
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2
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Elmer S, Schmitt R, Giroud N, Meyer M. The neuroanatomical hallmarks of chronic tinnitus in comorbidity with pure-tone hearing loss. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:1511-1534. [PMID: 37349539 PMCID: PMC10335971 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02669-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Tinnitus is one of the main hearing impairments often associated with pure-tone hearing loss, and typically manifested in the perception of phantom sounds. Nevertheless, tinnitus has traditionally been studied in isolation without necessarily considering auditory ghosting and hearing loss as part of the same syndrome. Hence, in the present neuroanatomical study, we attempted to pave the way toward a better understanding of the tinnitus syndrome, and compared two groups of almost perfectly matched individuals with (TIHL) and without (NTHL) pure-tone tinnitus, but both characterized by pure-tone hearing loss. The two groups were homogenized in terms of sample size, age, gender, handedness, education, and hearing loss. Furthermore, since the assessment of pure-tone hearing thresholds alone is not sufficient to describe the full spectrum of hearing abilities, the two groups were also harmonized for supra-threshold hearing estimates which were collected using temporal compression, frequency selectivity und speech-in-noise tasks. Regions-of-interest (ROI) analyses based on key brain structures identified in previous neuroimaging studies showed that the TIHL group exhibited increased cortical volume (CV) and surface area (CSA) of the right supramarginal gyrus and posterior planum temporale (PT) as well as CSA of the left middle-anterior part of the superior temporal sulcus (STS). The TIHL group also demonstrated larger volumes of the left amygdala and of the left head and body of the hippocampus. Notably, vertex-wise multiple linear regression analyses additionally brought to light that CSA of a specific cluster, which was located in the left middle-anterior part of the STS and overlapped with the one found to be significant in the between-group analyses, was positively associated with tinnitus distress level. Furthermore, distress also positively correlated with CSA of gray matter vertices in the right dorsal prefrontal cortex and the right posterior STS, whereas tinnitus duration was positively associated with CSA and CV of the right angular gyrus (AG) and posterior part of the STS. These results provide new insights into the critical gray matter architecture of the tinnitus syndrome matrix responsible for the emergence, maintenance and distress of auditory phantom sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Elmer
- Department of Computational Linguistics, Computational Neuroscience of Speech & Hearing, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Competence Center Language & Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raffael Schmitt
- Department of Computational Linguistics, Computational Neuroscience of Speech & Hearing, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Giroud
- Department of Computational Linguistics, Computational Neuroscience of Speech & Hearing, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich, University and ETH of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Competence Center Language & Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Meyer
- Department of Comparative Language Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich, University and ETH of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language Evolution (ISLE), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Alpen-Adria University, Klagenfurt, Austria
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3
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Grisendi T, Clarke S, Da Costa S. Emotional sounds in space: asymmetrical representation within early-stage auditory areas. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1164334. [PMID: 37274197 PMCID: PMC10235458 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1164334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from behavioral studies suggests that the spatial origin of sounds may influence the perception of emotional valence. Using 7T fMRI we have investigated the impact of the categories of sound (vocalizations; non-vocalizations), emotional valence (positive, neutral, negative) and spatial origin (left, center, right) on the encoding in early-stage auditory areas and in the voice area. The combination of these different characteristics resulted in a total of 18 conditions (2 categories x 3 valences x 3 lateralizations), which were presented in a pseudo-randomized order in blocks of 11 different sounds (of the same condition) in 12 distinct runs of 6 min. In addition, two localizers, i.e., tonotopy mapping; human vocalizations, were used to define regions of interest. A three-way repeated measure ANOVA on the BOLD responses revealed bilateral significant effects and interactions in the primary auditory cortex, the lateral early-stage auditory areas, and the voice area. Positive vocalizations presented on the left side yielded greater activity in the ipsilateral and contralateral primary auditory cortex than did neutral or negative vocalizations or any other stimuli at any of the three positions. Right, but not left area L3 responded more strongly to (i) positive vocalizations presented ipsi- or contralaterally than to neutral or negative vocalizations presented at the same positions; and (ii) to neutral than positive or negative non-vocalizations presented contralaterally. Furthermore, comparison with a previous study indicates that spatial cues may render emotional valence more salient within the early-stage auditory areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Grisendi
- Service de Neuropsychologie et de Neuroréhabilitation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Clarke
- Service de Neuropsychologie et de Neuroréhabilitation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Da Costa
- Centre d’Imagerie Biomédicale, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Han JH, Lee J, Lee HJ. The effect of noise on the cortical activity patterns of speech processing in adults with single-sided deafness. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1054105. [PMID: 37006498 PMCID: PMC10060629 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1054105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common complaint in people with single-sided deafness (SSD) is difficulty in understanding speech in a noisy environment. Moreover, the neural mechanism of speech-in-noise (SiN) perception in SSD individuals is still poorly understood. In this study, we measured the cortical activity in SSD participants during a SiN task to compare with a speech-in-quiet (SiQ) task. Dipole source analysis revealed left hemispheric dominance in both left- and right-sided SSD group. Contrary to SiN listening, this hemispheric difference was not found during SiQ listening in either group. In addition, cortical activation in the right-sided SSD individuals was independent of the location of sound whereas activation sites in the left-sided SSD group were altered by the sound location. Examining the neural-behavioral relationship revealed that N1 activation is associated with the duration of deafness and the SiN perception ability of individuals with SSD. Our findings indicate that SiN listening is processed differently in the brains of left and right SSD individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Han
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences for Convergence Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
- Ear and Interaction Center, Doheun Institute for Digital Innovation in Medicine (D.I.D.I.M.), Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences for Convergence Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
- Ear and Interaction Center, Doheun Institute for Digital Innovation in Medicine (D.I.D.I.M.), Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences for Convergence Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
- Ear and Interaction Center, Doheun Institute for Digital Innovation in Medicine (D.I.D.I.M.), Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Hyo-Jeong Lee
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5
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Wang Y, Lu L, Zou G, Zheng L, Qin L, Zou Q, Gao JH. Disrupted neural tracking of sound localization during non-rapid eye movement sleep. Neuroimage 2022; 260:119490. [PMID: 35853543 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial hearing in humans is a high-level auditory process that is crucial to rapid sound localization in the environment. Both neurophysiological models with animals and neuroimaging evidence from human subjects in the wakefulness stage suggest that the localization of auditory objects is mainly located in the posterior auditory cortex. However, whether this cognitive process is preserved during sleep remains unclear. To fill this research gap, we investigated the sleeping brain's capacity to identify sound locations by recording simultaneous electroencephalographic (EEG) and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals during wakefulness and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in human subjects. Using the frequency-tagging paradigm, the subjects were presented with a basic syllable sequence at 5 Hz and a location change that occurred every three syllables, resulting in a sound localization shift at 1.67 Hz. The EEG and MEG signals were used for sleep scoring and neural tracking analyses, respectively. Neural tracking responses at 5 Hz reflecting basic auditory processing were observed during both wakefulness and NREM sleep, although the responses during sleep were weaker than those during wakefulness. Cortical responses at 1.67 Hz, which correspond to the sound location change, were observed during wakefulness regardless of attention to the stimuli but vanished during NREM sleep. These results for the first time indicate that sleep preserves basic auditory processing but disrupts the higher-order brain function of sound localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lingxi Lu
- Center for the Cognitive Science of Language, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Guangyuan Zou
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lang Qin
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qihong Zou
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jia-Hong Gao
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institution of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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6
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Brain Reactions to Opening and Closing the Eyes: Salivary Cortisol and Functional Connectivity. Brain Topogr 2022; 35:375-397. [PMID: 35666364 PMCID: PMC9334428 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-022-00897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study empirically assessed the strength and duration of short-term effects induced by brain reactions to closing/opening the eyes on a few well-known resting-state networks. We also examined the association between these reactions and subjects’ cortisol levels. A total of 55 young adults underwent 8-min resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) scans under 4-min eyes-closed and 4-min eyes-open conditions. Saliva samples were collected from 25 of the 55 subjects before and after the fMRI sessions and assayed for cortisol levels. Our empirical results indicate that when the subjects were relaxed with their eyes closed, the effect of opening the eyes on conventional resting-state networks (e.g., default-mode, frontal-parietal, and saliency networks) lasted for roughly 60-s, during which we observed a short-term increase in activity in rs-fMRI time courses. Moreover, brain reactions to opening the eyes had a pronounced effect on time courses in the temporo-parietal lobes and limbic structures, both of which presented a prolonged decrease in activity. After controlling for demographic factors, we observed a significantly positive correlation between pre-scan cortisol levels and connectivity in the limbic structures under both conditions. Under the eyes-closed condition, the temporo-parietal lobes presented significant connectivity to limbic structures and a significantly positive correlation with pre-scan cortisol levels. Future research on rs-fMRI could consider the eyes-closed condition when probing resting-state connectivity and its neuroendocrine correlates, such as cortisol levels. It also appears that abrupt instructions to open the eyes while the subject is resting quietly with eyes closed could be used to probe brain reactivity to aversive stimuli in the ventral hippocampus and other limbic structures.
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Valzolgher C, Todeschini M, Verdelet G, Gatel J, Salemme R, Gaveau V, Truy E, Farnè A, Pavani F. Adapting to altered auditory cues: Generalization from manual reaching to head pointing. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263509. [PMID: 35421095 PMCID: PMC9009652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Localising sounds means having the ability to process auditory cues deriving from the interplay among sound waves, the head and the ears. When auditory cues change because of temporary or permanent hearing loss, sound localization becomes difficult and uncertain. The brain can adapt to altered auditory cues throughout life and multisensory training can promote the relearning of spatial hearing skills. Here, we study the training potentials of sound-oriented motor behaviour to test if a training based on manual actions toward sounds can learning effects that generalize to different auditory spatial tasks. We assessed spatial hearing relearning in normal hearing adults with a plugged ear by using visual virtual reality and body motion tracking. Participants performed two auditory tasks that entail explicit and implicit processing of sound position (head-pointing sound localization and audio-visual attention cueing, respectively), before and after having received a spatial training session in which they identified sound position by reaching to auditory sources nearby. Using a crossover design, the effects of the above-mentioned spatial training were compared to a control condition involving the same physical stimuli, but different task demands (i.e., a non-spatial discrimination of amplitude modulations in the sound). According to our findings, spatial hearing in one-ear plugged participants improved more after reaching to sound trainings rather than in the control condition. Training by reaching also modified head-movement behaviour during listening. Crucially, the improvements observed during training generalize also to a different sound localization task, possibly as a consequence of acquired and novel head-movement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Valzolgher
- Integrative, Multisensory, Perception, Action and Cognition Team (IMPACT), Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences—CIMeC, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Michela Todeschini
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (DiPSCo), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Gregoire Verdelet
- Integrative, Multisensory, Perception, Action and Cognition Team (IMPACT), Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
- Neuroimmersion, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | | | - Romeo Salemme
- Integrative, Multisensory, Perception, Action and Cognition Team (IMPACT), Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
- Neuroimmersion, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - Valerie Gaveau
- Integrative, Multisensory, Perception, Action and Cognition Team (IMPACT), Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
- University of Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Eric Truy
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alessandro Farnè
- Integrative, Multisensory, Perception, Action and Cognition Team (IMPACT), Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences—CIMeC, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Neuroimmersion, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - Francesco Pavani
- Integrative, Multisensory, Perception, Action and Cognition Team (IMPACT), Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences—CIMeC, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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8
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Miceli G, Caccia A. Cortical disorders of speech processing: Pure word deafness and auditory agnosia. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 187:69-87. [PMID: 35964993 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823493-8.00005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Selective disorders of auditory speech processing due to brain lesions are reviewed. Over 120 years after the first anatomic report (Dejerine and Sérieux, 1898), fewer than 80 cumulative cases of generalized auditory agnosia and pure word deafness with documented brain lesions are on record. Most patients (approximately 70%) had vascular lesions. Damage is very frequently bilateral in generalized auditory agnosia, and more frequently unilateral in pure word deafness. In unilateral cases, anatomical disconnection is not a prerequisite, and disorders may be due to functional disconnection. Regardless of whether lesions are unilateral or bilateral, speech processing difficulties emerge in the presence of damage to the superior temporal regions of the language-dominant hemisphere, suggesting that speech input is processed asymmetrically at early stages already. Extant evidence does not allow establishing whether processing asymmetry originates in the primary auditory cortex or in higher associative cortices, nor whether auditory processing in the brainstem is entirely symmetric. Results are consistent with the view that the difficulty in processing auditory input characterized by quick spectral and/or temporal changes is one of the critical dimensions of the disorder. Forthcoming studies should focus on detailed audiologic, neurolinguistic, and neuroanatomic descriptions of each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Miceli
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy; Centro Interdisciplinare Linceo 'Beniamino Segre'-Accademia dei Lincei, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antea Caccia
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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9
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Han JH, Lee J, Lee HJ. Ear-Specific Hemispheric Asymmetry in Unilateral Deafness Revealed by Auditory Cortical Activity. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:698718. [PMID: 34393711 PMCID: PMC8363420 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.698718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Profound unilateral deafness reduces the ability to localize sounds achieved via binaural hearing. Furthermore, unilateral deafness promotes a substantial change in cortical processing to binaural stimulation, thereby leading to reorganization over the whole brain. Although distinct patterns in the hemispheric laterality depending on the side and duration of deafness have been suggested, the neurological mechanisms underlying the difference in relation to behavioral performance when detecting spatially varied cues remain unknown. To elucidate the mechanism, we compared N1/P2 auditory cortical activities and the pattern of hemispheric asymmetry of normal hearing, unilaterally deaf (UD), and simulated acute unilateral hearing loss groups while passively listening to speech sounds delivered from different locations under open free field condition. The behavioral performances of the participants concerning sound localization were measured by detecting sound sources in the azimuth plane. The results reveal a delayed reaction time in the right-sided UD (RUD) group for the sound localization task and prolonged P2 latency compared to the left-sided UD (LUD) group. Moreover, the RUD group showed adaptive cortical reorganization evidenced by increased responses in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the intact ear for individuals with better sound localization whereas left-sided unilateral deafness caused contralateral dominance in activity from the hearing ear. The brain dynamics of right-sided unilateral deafness indicate greater capability of adaptive change to compensate for impairment in spatial hearing. In addition, cortical N1 responses to spatially varied speech sounds in unilateral deaf people were inversely related to the duration of deafness in the area encompassing the right auditory cortex, indicating that early intervention would be needed to protect from maladaptation of the central auditory system following unilateral deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Han
- Laboratory of Brain & Cognitive Sciences for Convergence Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Laboratory of Brain & Cognitive Sciences for Convergence Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Laboratory of Brain & Cognitive Sciences for Convergence Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, South Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
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10
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Sardari S, Pourrahimi A, Fathi M, Talebi H, Mazhari S. Auditory processing in schizophrenia: Behavioural evidence of abnormal spatial awareness. Laterality 2021; 27:71-85. [PMID: 34293997 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2021.1955910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Spatial processing deficits are the reason for many daily life problems of schizophrenia (SCZ) patients. In this study, we aimed to examine the possibility of abnormal bias to one hemifield, in form of hemispatial neglect and extinction, in auditory modality in SCZ. Twenty-five SCZ patients and 25 healthy individuals were compared on speech tasks to study the auditory neglect and extinction, as well as an auditory localization task for studying neglect. In the speech tasks, participants reproduced some nonsense syllables, played from one or two speakers on the right and/or left sides. On the localization task, examinees discriminated the subjective location of the noise stimuli presented randomly from five speakers. On the speech task, patients had significantly lower hit rates for the right ear compared with controls (p = 0.01). While healthy controls showed right ear advantage, SCZs showed a left ear priority. In the localization task, although both groups had a left-side bias, this bias was much more prominent for the patients (all p < 0.05). SCZ could potentially alter the auditory spatial function, which may appear in the form of auditory neglect and extinction on the right side, depending on the characteristics of patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sardari
- Kerman Neuroscience Research center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - AliMohammad Pourrahimi
- Kerman Neuroscience Research center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mazyar Fathi
- Kerman Neuroscience Research center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hosein Talebi
- Audiology department, Rehabilitation faculty, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Mazhari
- Kerman Neuroscience Research center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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11
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Lerud KD, Vines BW, Shinde AB, Schlaug G. Modulating short-term auditory memory with focal transcranial direct current stimulation applied to the supramarginal gyrus. Neuroreport 2021; 32:702-710. [PMID: 33852539 PMCID: PMC8085037 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can affect performance by decreasing regional excitability in a brain region that contributes to the task of interest. To our knowledge, no research to date has found both enhancing and diminishing effects on performance, depending upon which polarity of the current is applied. The supramarginal gyrus (SMG) is an ideal brain region for testing tDCS effects because it is easy to identify using the 10-20 electroencephalography coordinate system, and results of neuroimaging studies have implicated the left SMG in short-term memory for phonological and nonphonological sounds. In the present study, we found that applying tDCS to the left SMG affected pitch memory in a manner that depended upon the polarity of stimulation: cathodal tDCS had a negative impact on performance whereas anodal tDCS had a positive impact. These effects were significantly different from sham stimulation, which did not influence performance; they were also specific to the left hemisphere - no effect was found when applying cathodal stimulation to the right SMG - and were unique to pitch memory as opposed to memory for visual shapes. Our results provide further evidence that the left SMG is a nodal point for short-term auditory storage and demonstrate the potential of tDCS to influence cognitive performance and to causally examine hypotheses derived from neuroimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl D. Lerud
- Department of Neurology and Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center – UMass Medical School, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Bradley W. Vines
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anant B. Shinde
- Department of Neurology and Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center – UMass Medical School, Springfield, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Applied Life Sciences, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gottfried Schlaug
- Department of Neurology and Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center – UMass Medical School, Springfield, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Applied Life Sciences, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Klarendić M, Gorišek VR, Granda G, Avsenik J, Zgonc V, Kojović M. Auditory agnosia with anosognosia. Cortex 2021; 137:255-270. [PMID: 33647851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A 66-year-old right-handed female medical doctor suffered two consecutive cardioembolic strokes, initially affecting the right frontal lobe and the right insula, followed by a lesion in the left temporal lobe. The patient presented with distinctive phenomenology of general auditory agnosia with anosognosia for the deficit. She did not understand verbal requests and her answers to oral questions were fluent but unrelated to the topic. However, she was able to correctly answer written questions, name objects, and fluently describe their purpose, which is characteristic for verbal auditory agnosia. She was also unable to recognise environmental sounds or to recognise and repeat any melody. These inabilities represent environmental sound agnosia and amusia, respectively. Surprisingly, she was not aware of the problem, not asking any questions regarding her symptoms, and avoiding discussing her inability to understand spoken language, which is indicative of anosognosia. The deficits in our patient followed a distinct pattern of recovery. The verbal auditory agnosia was the first to resolve, followed by environmental sound agnosia. Amusia persisted the longest. The patient was clinically assessed from the first day of symptom onset and the evolution of symptoms was video documented. We give a detailed account of the patient's behaviour and provide results of audiological and neuropsychological evaluations. We discuss the anatomy of auditory agnosia and anosognosia relevant to the case. This case study may serve to better understand auditory agnosia in clinical settings. It is important to distinguish auditory agnosia from Wernicke's aphasia, because use of written language may enable normal communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Klarendić
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika R Gorišek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gal Granda
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Avsenik
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vid Zgonc
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Kojović
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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13
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Bainbridge WA, Pounder Z, Eardley AF, Baker CI. Quantifying aphantasia through drawing: Those without visual imagery show deficits in object but not spatial memory. Cortex 2021; 135:159-172. [PMID: 33383478 PMCID: PMC7856239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Congenital aphantasia is a recently characterized variation of experience defined by the inability to form voluntary visual imagery, in individuals who are otherwise high performing. Because of this specific deficit to visual imagery, individuals with aphantasia serve as an ideal group for probing the nature of representations in visual memory, particularly the interplay of object, spatial, and symbolic information. Here, we conducted a large-scale online study of aphantasia and revealed a dissociation in object and spatial content in their memory representations. Sixty-one individuals with aphantasia and matched controls with typical imagery studied real-world scene images, and were asked to draw them from memory, and then later copy them during a matched perceptual condition. Drawings were objectively quantified by 2,795 online scorers for object and spatial details. Aphantasic participants recalled significantly fewer objects than controls, with less color in their drawings, and an increased reliance on verbal scaffolding. However, aphantasic participants showed high spatial accuracy equivalent to controls, and made significantly fewer memory errors. These differences between groups only manifested during recall, with no differences between groups during the matched perceptual condition. This object-specific memory impairment in individuals with aphantasia provides evidence for separate systems in memory that support object versus spatial information. The study also provides an important experimental validation for the existence of aphantasia as a variation in human imagery experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma A Bainbridge
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Zoë Pounder
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK.
| | - Alison F Eardley
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK.
| | - Chris I Baker
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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14
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Carrière M, Cassol H, Aubinet C, Panda R, Thibaut A, Larroque SK, Simon J, Martial C, Bahri MA, Chatelle C, Martens G, Chennu S, Laureys S, Gosseries O. Auditory localization should be considered as a sign of minimally conscious state based on multimodal findings. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa195. [PMID: 33426527 PMCID: PMC7784043 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory localization (i.e. turning the head and/or the eyes towards an auditory stimulus) is often part of the clinical evaluation of patients recovering from coma. The objective of this study is to determine whether auditory localization could be considered as a new sign of minimally conscious state, using a multimodal approach. The presence of auditory localization and the clinical outcome at 2 years of follow-up were evaluated in 186 patients with severe brain injury, including 64 with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, 28 in minimally conscious state minus, 71 in minimally conscious state plus and 23 who emerged from the minimally conscious state. Brain metabolism, functional connectivity and graph theory measures were investigated by means of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, functional MRI and high-density electroencephalography in two subgroups of unresponsive patients, with and without auditory localization. These two subgroups were also compared to a subgroup of patients in minimally conscious state minus. Auditory localization was observed in 13% of unresponsive patients, 46% of patients in minimally conscious state minus, 62% of patients in minimally conscious state plus and 78% of patients who emerged from the minimally conscious state. The probability to observe an auditory localization increased along with the level of consciousness, and the presence of auditory localization could predict the level of consciousness. Patients with auditory localization had higher survival rates (at 2-year follow-up) than those without localization. Differences in brain function were found between unresponsive patients with and without auditory localization. Higher connectivity in unresponsive patients with auditory localization was measured between the fronto-parietal network and secondary visual areas, and in the alpha band electroencephalography network. Moreover, patients in minimally conscious state minus significantly differed from unresponsive patients without auditory localization in terms of brain metabolism and alpha network centrality, whereas no difference was found with unresponsive patients who presented auditory localization. Our multimodal findings suggest differences in brain function between unresponsive patients with and without auditory localization, which support our hypothesis that auditory localization should be considered as a new sign of minimally conscious state. Unresponsive patients showing auditory localization should therefore no longer be considered unresponsive but minimally conscious. This would have crucial consequences on these patients’ lives as it would directly impact the therapeutic orientation or end-of-life decisions usually taken based on the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Carrière
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau2, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Helena Cassol
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau2, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Charlène Aubinet
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau2, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Rajanikant Panda
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau2, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Aurore Thibaut
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau2, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Stephen K Larroque
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau2, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jessica Simon
- Psychology and Neurosciences of Cognition PsyNCogn, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Martial
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau2, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Mohamed A Bahri
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Camille Chatelle
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau2, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Martens
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau2, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Srivas Chennu
- School of Computing, University of Kent, Chatam Maritime ME4 4AG, UK.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau2, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivia Gosseries
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Centre du Cerveau2, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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15
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Stewart HJ, Shen D, Sham N, Alain C. Involuntary Orienting and Conflict Resolution during Auditory Attention: The Role of Ventral and Dorsal Streams. J Cogn Neurosci 2020; 32:1851-1863. [PMID: 32573378 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Selective attention to sound object features such as pitch and location is associated with enhanced brain activity in ventral and dorsal streams, respectively. We examined the role of these pathways in involuntary orienting and conflict resolution using fMRI. Participants were presented with two tones that may, or may not, share the same nonspatial (frequency) or spatial (location) auditory features. In separate blocks of trials, participants were asked to attend to sound frequency or sound location and ignore the change in the task-irrelevant feature. In both attend-frequency and attend-location tasks, RTs were slower when the task-irrelevant feature changed than when it stayed the same (involuntary orienting). This behavioral cost coincided with enhanced activity in the pFC and superior temporal gyrus. Conflict resolution was examined by comparing situations where the change in stimulus features was congruent (both features changed) and incongruent (only one feature changed). Participants were slower and less accurate for incongruent than congruent sound features. This congruency effect was associated with enhanced activity in the pFC and was greater in the right superior temporal gyrus and medial frontal cortex during the attend-location task than during the attend-frequency task. Together, these findings do not support a strict division of "labor" into ventral and dorsal streams but rather suggest interactions between these pathways in situations involving changes in task-irrelevant sound feature and conflict resolution. These findings also validate the Test of Attention in Listening task by revealing distinct neural correlates for involuntary orienting and conflict resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Stewart
- Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University College London.,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | - Dawei Shen
- Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nasim Sham
- Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claude Alain
- Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto
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16
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What and where in the auditory systems of sighted and early blind individuals: Evidence from representational similarity analysis. J Neurol Sci 2020; 413:116805. [PMID: 32259708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Separated ventral and dorsal streams in auditory system have been proposed to process sound identification and localization respectively. Despite the popularity of the dual-pathway model, it remains controversial how much independence two neural pathways enjoy and whether visual experiences can influence the distinct cortical organizational scheme. In this study, representational similarity analysis (RSA) was used to explore the functional roles of distinct cortical regions that lay within either the ventral or dorsal auditory streams of sighted and early blind (EB) participants. We found functionally segregated auditory networks in both sighted and EB groups where anterior superior temporal gyrus (aSTG) and inferior frontal junction (IFJ) were more related to the sound identification, while posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) and inferior parietal lobe (IPL) preferred the sound localization. The findings indicated visual experiences may not have an influence on this functional dissociation and the cortex of the human brain may be organized as task-specific and modality-independent strategies. Meanwhile, partial overlap of spatial and non-spatial auditory information processing was observed, illustrating the existence of interaction between the two auditory streams. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of visual experiences on the neural bases of auditory perception and observed the cortical reorganization in EB participants in whom middle occipital gyrus was recruited to process auditory information. Our findings examined the distinct cortical networks that abstractly encoded sound identification and localization, and confirmed the existence of interaction from the multivariate perspective. Furthermore, the results suggested visual experience might not impact the functional specialization of auditory regions.
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17
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Notter MP, Hanke M, Murray MM, Geiser E. Encoding of Auditory Temporal Gestalt in the Human Brain. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:475-484. [PMID: 29365070 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The perception of an acoustic rhythm is invariant to the absolute temporal intervals constituting a sound sequence. It is unknown where in the brain temporal Gestalt, the percept emerging from the relative temporal proximity between acoustic events, is encoded. Two different relative temporal patterns, each induced by three experimental conditions with different absolute temporal patterns as sensory basis, were presented to participants. A linear support vector machine classifier was trained to differentiate activation patterns in functional magnetic resonance imaging data to the two different percepts. Across the sensory constituents the classifier decoded which percept was perceived. A searchlight analysis localized activation patterns specific to the temporal Gestalt bilaterally to the temporoparietal junction, including the planum temporale and supramarginal gyrus, and unilaterally to the right inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis). We show that auditory areas not only process absolute temporal intervals, but also integrate them into percepts of Gestalt and that encoding of these percepts persists in high-level associative areas. The findings complement existing knowledge regarding the processing of absolute temporal patterns to the processing of relative temporal patterns relevant to the sequential binding of perceptual elements into Gestalt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Notter
- Department of Radiology.,Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation Service.,EEG Brain Mapping Core, Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hanke
- Institute of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke-University.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Micah M Murray
- Department of Radiology.,Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation Service.,EEG Brain Mapping Core, Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ophthalmology Department, University of Lausanne and Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eveline Geiser
- Department of Radiology.,Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation Service.,McGovern Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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18
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Central auditory processing in adults with chronic stroke without hearing loss: A magnetoencephalography study. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:1102-1118. [PMID: 32200092 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stroke lesions in non-auditory areas may affect higher-order central auditory processing. We sought to characterize auditory functions in chronic stroke survivors with unilateral arm/hand impairment using auditory evoked responses (AERs) with lesion and perception metrics. METHODS The AERs in 29 stroke survivors and 14 controls were recorded with single tones, active and passive frequency-oddballs, and a dual-oddball with pitch-contour and time-interval deviants. Performance in speech-in-noise, mistuning detection, and moving-sound detection was assessed. Relationships between AERs, behaviour, and lesion overlap with functional networks, were examined. RESULTS Despite their normal hearing, eight patients showed unilateral AER in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the affected hand with reduced amplitude compared to those with bilateral AERs. Both groups showed increasing attenuation of later components. Hemispheric asymmetry of AER sources was reduced in bilateral-AER patients. The N1 wave (100 ms latency) and P2 (200 ms) were delayed in individuals with lesions in the basal-ganglia and white-matter, while lesions in the attention network reduced the frequency-MMN (mismatch negativity) responses and increased the pitch-contour P3a response. Patients' impaired speech-in-noise perception was explained by AER measures and frequency-deviant detection performance with multiple regression. CONCLUSION AERs reflect disruption of auditory functions due to damage outside of temporal lobe, and further explain complexity of neural mechanisms underlying higher-order auditory perception. SIGNIFICANCE Stroke survivors without obvious hearing problems may benefit from rehabilitation for central auditory processing.
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19
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Salvari V, Paraskevopoulos E, Chalas N, Müller K, Wollbrink A, Dobel C, Korth D, Pantev C. Auditory Categorization of Man-Made Sounds Versus Natural Sounds by Means of MEG Functional Brain Connectivity. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1052. [PMID: 31636532 PMCID: PMC6787283 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous neuroimaging studies have shown that sounds can be discriminated due to living-related or man-made-related characteristics and involve different brain regions. However, these studies have mainly provided source space analyses, which offer simple maps of activated brain regions but do not explain how regions of a distributed system are functionally organized under a specific task. In the present study, we aimed to further examine the functional connectivity of the auditory processing pathway across different categories of non-speech sounds in healthy adults, by means of MEG. Our analyses demonstrated significant activation and interconnection differences between living and man-made object sounds, in the prefrontal areas, anterior-superior temporal gyrus (aSTG), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and supramarginal gyrus (SMG), occurring within 80–120 ms post-stimulus interval. Current findings replicated previous ones, in that other regions beyond the auditory cortex are involved during auditory processing. According to the functional connectivity analysis, differential brain networks across the categories exist, which proposes that sound category discrimination processing relies on distinct cortical networks, a notion that has been strongly argued in the literature also in relation to the visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Salvari
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Evangelos Paraskevopoulos
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolas Chalas
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kilian Müller
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Wollbrink
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Dobel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniela Korth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christo Pantev
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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20
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Abstract
Humans and other animals use spatial hearing to rapidly localize events in the environment. However, neural encoding of sound location is a complex process involving the computation and integration of multiple spatial cues that are not represented directly in the sensory organ (the cochlea). Our understanding of these mechanisms has increased enormously in the past few years. Current research is focused on the contribution of animal models for understanding human spatial audition, the effects of behavioural demands on neural sound location encoding, the emergence of a cue-independent location representation in the auditory cortex, and the relationship between single-source and concurrent location encoding in complex auditory scenes. Furthermore, computational modelling seeks to unravel how neural representations of sound source locations are derived from the complex binaural waveforms of real-life sounds. In this article, we review and integrate the latest insights from neurophysiological, neuroimaging and computational modelling studies of mammalian spatial hearing. We propose that the cortical representation of sound location emerges from recurrent processing taking place in a dynamic, adaptive network of early (primary) and higher-order (posterior-dorsal and dorsolateral prefrontal) auditory regions. This cortical network accommodates changing behavioural requirements and is especially relevant for processing the location of real-life, complex sounds and complex auditory scenes.
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21
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Hanenberg C, Getzmann S, Lewald J. Transcranial direct current stimulation of posterior temporal cortex modulates electrophysiological correlates of auditory selective spatial attention in posterior parietal cortex. Neuropsychologia 2019; 131:160-170. [PMID: 31145907 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Speech perception in "cocktail-party" situations, in which a sound source of interest has to be extracted out of multiple irrelevant sounds, poses a remarkable challenge to the human auditory system. Studies on structural and electrophysiological correlates of auditory selective spatial attention revealed critical roles of the posterior temporal cortex and the N2 event-related potential (ERP) component in the underlying processes. Here, we explored effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to posterior temporal cortex on neurophysiological correlates of auditory selective spatial attention, with a specific focus on the N2. In a single-blind, sham-controlled crossover design with baseline and follow-up measurements, monopolar anodal and cathodal tDCS was applied for 16 min to the right posterior superior temporal cortex. Two age groups of human subjects, a younger (n = 20; age 18-30 yrs) and an older group (n = 19; age 66-77 yrs), completed an auditory free-field multiple-speakers localization task while ERPs were recorded. The ERP data showed an offline effect of anodal, but not cathodal, tDCS immediately after DC offset for targets contralateral, but not ipsilateral, to the hemisphere of tDCS, without differences between groups. This effect mainly consisted in a substantial increase of the N2 amplitude by 0.9 μV (SE 0.4 μV; d = 0.40) compared with sham tDCS. At the same point in time, cortical source localization revealed a reduction of activity in ipsilateral (right) posterior parietal cortex. Also, localization error was improved after anodal, but not cathodal, tDCS. Given that both the N2 and the posterior parietal cortex are involved in processes of auditory selective spatial attention, these results suggest that anodal tDCS specifically enhanced inhibitory attentional brain processes underlying the focusing onto a target sound source, possibly by improved suppression of irrelevant distracters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Hanenberg
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Psychology, D-44780, Bochum, Germany; Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, D-44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stephan Getzmann
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, D-44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jörg Lewald
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Psychology, D-44780, Bochum, Germany.
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22
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Tissieres I, Crottaz-Herbette S, Clarke S. Implicit representation of the auditory space: contribution of the left and right hemispheres. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:1569-1582. [PMID: 30848352 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Spatial cues contribute to the ability to segregate sound sources and thus facilitate their detection and recognition. This implicit use of spatial cues can be preserved in cases of cortical spatial deafness, suggesting that partially distinct neural networks underlie the explicit sound localization and the implicit use of spatial cues. We addressed this issue by assessing 40 patients, 20 patients with left and 20 patients with right hemispheric damage, for their ability to use auditory spatial cues implicitly in a paradigm of spatial release from masking (SRM) and explicitly in sound localization. The anatomical correlates of their performance were determined with voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM). During the SRM task, the target was always presented at the centre, whereas the masker was presented at the centre or at one of the two lateral positions on the right or left side. The SRM effect was absent in some but not all patients; the inability to perceive the target when the masker was at one of the lateral positions correlated with lesions of the left temporo-parieto-frontal cortex or of the right inferior parietal lobule and the underlying white matter. As previously reported, sound localization depended critically on the right parietal and opercular cortex. Thus, explicit and implicit use of spatial cues depends on at least partially distinct neural networks. Our results suggest that the implicit use may rely on the left-dominant position-linked representation of sound objects, which has been demonstrated in previous EEG and fMRI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Tissieres
- Service de neuropsychologie et de neuroréhabilitation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Crottaz-Herbette
- Service de neuropsychologie et de neuroréhabilitation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Clarke
- Service de neuropsychologie et de neuroréhabilitation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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23
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Audiovisual Lexical Retrieval Deficits Following Left Hemisphere Stroke. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8120206. [PMID: 30486517 PMCID: PMC6316523 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8120206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding sensory features of multiple modalities of what we hear and see allows formation of a coherent percept to access semantics. Previous work on object naming has focused on visual confrontation naming with limited research in nonverbal auditory or multisensory processing. To investigate neural substrates and sensory effects of lexical retrieval, we evaluated healthy adults (n = 118) and left hemisphere stroke patients (LHD, n = 42) in naming manipulable objects across auditory (sound), visual (picture), and multisensory (audiovisual) conditions. LHD patients were divided into cortical, cortical–subcortical, or subcortical lesions (CO, CO–SC, SC), and specific lesion location investigated in a predictive model. Subjects produced lower accuracy in auditory naming relative to other conditions. Controls demonstrated greater naming accuracy and faster reaction times across all conditions compared to LHD patients. Naming across conditions was most severely impaired in CO patients. Both auditory and visual naming accuracy were impacted by temporal lobe involvement, although auditory naming was sensitive to lesions extending subcortically. Only controls demonstrated significant improvement over visual naming with the addition of auditory cues (i.e., multisensory condition). Results support overlapping neural networks for visual and auditory modalities related to semantic integration in lexical retrieval and temporal lobe involvement, while multisensory integration was impacted by both occipital and temporal lobe lesion involvement. The findings support modality specificity in naming and suggest that auditory naming is mediated by a distributed cortical–subcortical network overlapping with networks mediating spatiotemporal aspects of skilled movements producing sound.
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24
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Da Costa S, Clarke S, Crottaz-Herbette S. Keeping track of sound objects in space: The contribution of early-stage auditory areas. Hear Res 2018; 366:17-31. [PMID: 29643021 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The influential dual-stream model of auditory processing stipulates that information pertaining to the meaning and to the position of a given sound object is processed in parallel along two distinct pathways, the ventral and dorsal auditory streams. Functional independence of the two processing pathways is well documented by conscious experience of patients with focal hemispheric lesions. On the other hand there is growing evidence that the meaning and the position of a sound are combined early in the processing pathway, possibly already at the level of early-stage auditory areas. Here, we investigated how early auditory areas integrate sound object meaning and space (simulated by interaural time differences) using a repetition suppression fMRI paradigm at 7 T. Subjects listen passively to environmental sounds presented in blocks of repetitions of the same sound object (same category) or different sounds objects (different categories), perceived either in the left or right space (no change within block) or shifted left-to-right or right-to-left halfway in the block (change within block). Environmental sounds activated bilaterally the superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and right precentral cortex. Repetitions suppression effects were measured within bilateral early-stage auditory areas in the lateral portion of the Heschl's gyrus and posterior superior temporal plane. Left lateral early-stages areas showed significant effects for position and change, interactions Category x Initial Position and Category x Change in Position, while right lateral areas showed main effect of category and interaction Category x Change in Position. The combined evidence from our study and from previous studies speaks in favour of a position-linked representation of sound objects, which is independent from semantic encoding within the ventral stream and from spatial encoding within the dorsal stream. We argue for a third auditory stream, which has its origin in lateral belt areas and tracks sound objects across space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Da Costa
- Centre d'Imagerie BioMédicale (CIBM), EPFL et Universités de Lausanne et de Genève, Bâtiment CH, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Stephanie Clarke
- Service de Neuropsychologie et de Neuroréhabilitation, CHUV, Université de Lausanne, Avenue Pierre Decker 5, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Crottaz-Herbette
- Service de Neuropsychologie et de Neuroréhabilitation, CHUV, Université de Lausanne, Avenue Pierre Decker 5, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Muhammed L, Hardy CJD, Russell LL, Marshall CR, Clark CN, Bond RL, Warrington EK, Warren JD. Agnosia for bird calls. Neuropsychologia 2018; 113:61-67. [PMID: 29572063 PMCID: PMC5946901 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The cognitive organisation of nonverbal auditory knowledge remains poorly defined. Deficits of environmental sound as well as word and visual object knowledge are well-recognised in semantic dementia. However, it is unclear how auditory cognition breaks down in this disorder and how this relates to deficits in other knowledge modalities. We had the opportunity to study a patient with a typical syndrome of semantic dementia who had extensive premorbid knowledge of birds, allowing us to assess the impact of the disease on the processing of auditory in relation to visual and verbal attributes of this specific knowledge category. We designed a novel neuropsychological test to probe knowledge of particular avian characteristics (size, behaviour [migratory or nonmigratory], habitat [whether or not primarily water-dwelling]) in the nonverbal auditory, visual and verbal modalities, based on a uniform two-alternative-forced-choice procedure. The patient's performance was compared to healthy older individuals of similar birding experience. We further compared his performance on this test of bird knowledge with his knowledge of familiar human voices and faces. Relative to healthy birder controls, the patient showed marked deficits of bird call and bird name knowledge but relatively preserved knowledge of avian visual attributes and retained knowledge of human voices and faces. In both the auditory and visual modalities, his knowledge of the avian characteristics of size and behaviour was intact whereas his knowledge of the associated characteristic of habitat was deficient. This case provides further evidence that nonverbal auditory knowledge has a fractionated organisation that can be differentially targeted in semantic dementia. The cognitive organisation of auditory semantics is poorly understood. We assessed multimodal avian knowledge in a birder with semantic dementia. The patient had auditory (but not visual) agnosia for birds versus healthy birders. Auditory knowledge of avian attributes and human voices were differentially affected. This case illuminates the fractionated organisation of nonverbal auditory knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louwai Muhammed
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J D Hardy
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy L Russell
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles R Marshall
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Camilla N Clark
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Bond
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth K Warrington
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason D Warren
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Tissieres I, Fornari E, Clarke S, Crottaz-Herbette S. Supramodal effect of rightward prismatic adaptation on spatial representations within the ventral attentional system. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:1459-1471. [PMID: 29151115 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rightward prismatic adaptation (R-PA) was shown to alleviate not only visuo-spatial but also auditory symptoms in neglect. The neural mechanisms underlying the effect of R-PA have been previously investigated in visual tasks, demonstrating a shift of hemispheric dominance for visuo-spatial attention from the right to the left hemisphere both in normal subjects and in patients. We have investigated whether the same neural mechanisms underlie the supramodal effect of R-PA on auditory attention. Normal subjects underwent a brief session of R-PA, which was preceded and followed by an fMRI evaluation during which subjects detected targets within the left, central and right space in the auditory or visual modality. R-PA-related changes in activation patterns were found bilaterally in the inferior parietal lobule. In either modality, the representation of the left, central and right space increased in the left IPL, whereas the representation of the right space decreased in the right IPL. Thus, a brief exposure to R-PA modulated the representation of the auditory and visual space within the ventral attentional system. This shift in hemispheric dominance for auditory spatial attention offers a parsimonious explanation for the previously reported effects of R-PA on auditory symptoms in neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Tissieres
- Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Av. Pierre-Decker 5, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Fornari
- CIBM (Centre d'Imagerie Biomédicale), Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Clarke
- Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Av. Pierre-Decker 5, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Crottaz-Herbette
- Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Av. Pierre-Decker 5, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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For Better or Worse: The Effect of Prismatic Adaptation on Auditory Neglect. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:8721240. [PMID: 29138699 PMCID: PMC5613466 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8721240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with auditory neglect attend less to auditory stimuli on their left and/or make systematic directional errors when indicating sound positions. Rightward prismatic adaptation (R-PA) was repeatedly shown to alleviate symptoms of visuospatial neglect and once to restore partially spatial bias in dichotic listening. It is currently unknown whether R-PA affects only this ear-related symptom or also other aspects of auditory neglect. We have investigated the effect of R-PA on left ear extinction in dichotic listening, space-related inattention assessed by diotic listening, and directional errors in auditory localization in patients with auditory neglect. The most striking effect of R-PA was the alleviation of left ear extinction in dichotic listening, which occurred in half of the patients with initial deficit. In contrast to nonresponders, their lesions spared the right dorsal attentional system and posterior temporal cortex. The beneficial effect of R-PA on an ear-related performance contrasted with detrimental effects on diotic listening and auditory localization. The former can be parsimoniously explained by the SHD-VAS model (shift in hemispheric dominance within the ventral attentional system; Clarke and Crottaz-Herbette 2016), which is based on the R-PA-induced shift of the right-dominant ventral attentional system to the left hemisphere. The negative effects in space-related tasks may be due to the complex nature of auditory space encoding at a cortical level.
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Codina CJ, Pascalis O, Baseler HA, Levine AT, Buckley D. Peripheral Visual Reaction Time Is Faster in Deaf Adults and British Sign Language Interpreters than in Hearing Adults. Front Psychol 2017; 8:50. [PMID: 28220085 PMCID: PMC5292361 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Following auditory deprivation, the remaining sense of vision has shown selective enhancement in visual cognition, especially in the area of near peripheral vision. Visual acuity is poor in the far periphery and may be an area where sound confers the greatest advantage in hearing persons. Experience with a visuospatial language such as British Sign Language (BSL) makes additional demands on the visual system. To test the different and separable effects of deafness and use of a visuo-spatial language on far peripheral visual processing, we investigated visual reaction times (RTs) and response accuracy to visual stimuli, between 30° and 85° along the four cardinal and four inter-cardinal meridians. We used three luminances of static, briefly illuminated stimuli in visually normal adults. The cohort tested included profoundly congenitally deaf adults (N = 17), hearing fluent BSL users (N = 8) and hearing non-signing adults (N = 18). All participants were tested using a peripheral forced choice paradigm designed previously to test deaf and hearing children (Codina et al., 2011a). Deaf adults demonstrated significantly faster RTs to all far peripheral stimuli and exceeded the abilities of both signing and non-signing hearing adults. Deaf adults were significantly faster than BSL interpreters, who in turn were significantly faster than hearing non-signing adults. The differences in RT demonstrated between groups were consistent across all visual field meridians and were not localized to any one region of the visual field. There were no differences found between any groups in accuracy of detecting these static stimuli at any retinal location. Early onset auditory deprivation appears to lead to a response time visual advantage in far peripheral responses to briefly presented, static LED stimuli, especially in the right visual field. Fluency in BSL facilitates faster visuo-motor responses in the peripheral visual field, but to a lesser extent than congenital, profound deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte J Codina
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology and Orthoptics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield Sheffield, UK
| | - Olivier Pascalis
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition, Université de Grenoble Alpes Grenoble, France
| | - Heidi A Baseler
- Centre for Neuroscience, Hull York Medical School, University of York York, UK
| | | | - David Buckley
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology and Orthoptics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield Sheffield, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Arterial hypertension negatively influences the peripheral auditory system, causing sensorineural hearing loss. Much less is known about the detrimental effects of hypertension on the central auditory functions. METHODS We tested 32 arterial hypertension patients and 32 age and sex-matched healthy volunteers with the expanded tonal audiometry (0.125-12.5 kHz), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (0.75-8 kHz), horizontal minimum audible angle test for eight azimuths with binaural stimulation and the random gap detection test. RESULTS Peripheral hearing of the hypertensive patients was impaired in comparison with the controls within all audiometric frequencies (0.125-12.5 kHz) and within specific groups of frequencies. Distortion product otoacoustic emission results were significantly lower for frequencies 4 (P = 0.04) and 6 kHz (P < 0.001). The sound localization ability in the horizontal minimum audible angle test was significantly worse in the hypertensive patients in the 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and 270° azimuth when the interaural pure tone average (0.5-1-2 kHz) was set less than 20 dB hearing level (P < 0.05), and in the 0°, 90°, 225°, and 270°azimuth when the binaural pure tone average (0.5-1-2 kHz) was set 20 dB or less hearing level (P < 0.05). Gap detection thresholds in the random gap detection test did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION Arterial hypertension is independently related to the damage of the peripheral part of the auditory system resulting in high-frequency hearing loss. Hypertensive disturbances of central auditory processing are more discrete and concern the spatial hearing resolution.
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Cogné M, Knebel JF, Klinger E, Bindschaedler C, Rapin PA, Joseph PA, Clarke S. The effect of contextual auditory stimuli on virtual spatial navigation in patients with focal hemispheric lesions. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2016; 28:1-16. [PMID: 27653552 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2015.1127260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Topographical disorientation is a frequent deficit among patients suffering from brain injury. Spatial navigation can be explored in this population using virtual reality environments, even in the presence of motor or sensory disorders. Furthermore, the positive or negative impact of specific stimuli can be investigated. We studied how auditory stimuli influence the performance of brain-injured patients in a navigational task, using the Virtual Action Planning-Supermarket (VAP-S) with the addition of contextual ("sonar effect" and "name of product") and non-contextual ("periodic randomised noises") auditory stimuli. The study included 22 patients with a first unilateral hemispheric brain lesion and 17 healthy age-matched control subjects. After a software familiarisation, all subjects were tested without auditory stimuli, with a sonar effect or periodic random sounds in a random order, and with the stimulus "name of product". Contextual auditory stimuli improved patient performance more than control group performance. Contextual stimuli benefited most patients with severe executive dysfunction or with severe unilateral neglect. These results indicate that contextual auditory stimuli are useful in the assessment of navigational abilities in brain-damaged patients and that they should be used in rehabilitation paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Cogné
- a Rehabilitation Medicine Unit and EA4136, University of Bordeaux , Bordeaux , France
| | - Jean-François Knebel
- b Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) , Lausanne , Switzerland.,c Department of Radiology and Department of Clinical Neurosciences , Laboratory for Investigative Neurophysiology (The LINE), University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland.,d EEG Brain Brain Mapping Core, Centre for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM) , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Evelyne Klinger
- e Digital Interactions Health and Disability Lab, ESIEA , Laval , France.,f French Institute for Research on Handicap , Paris , France
| | - Claire Bindschaedler
- b Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | | | - Pierre-Alain Joseph
- a Rehabilitation Medicine Unit and EA4136, University of Bordeaux , Bordeaux , France.,f French Institute for Research on Handicap , Paris , France
| | - Stephanie Clarke
- b Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) , Lausanne , Switzerland
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Poliva O. From Mimicry to Language: A Neuroanatomically Based Evolutionary Model of the Emergence of Vocal Language. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:307. [PMID: 27445676 PMCID: PMC4928493 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The auditory cortex communicates with the frontal lobe via the middle temporal gyrus (auditory ventral stream; AVS) or the inferior parietal lobule (auditory dorsal stream; ADS). Whereas the AVS is ascribed only with sound recognition, the ADS is ascribed with sound localization, voice detection, prosodic perception/production, lip-speech integration, phoneme discrimination, articulation, repetition, phonological long-term memory and working memory. Previously, I interpreted the juxtaposition of sound localization, voice detection, audio-visual integration and prosodic analysis, as evidence that the behavioral precursor to human speech is the exchange of contact calls in non-human primates. Herein, I interpret the remaining ADS functions as evidence of additional stages in language evolution. According to this model, the role of the ADS in vocal control enabled early Homo (Hominans) to name objects using monosyllabic calls, and allowed children to learn their parents' calls by imitating their lip movements. Initially, the calls were forgotten quickly but gradually were remembered for longer periods. Once the representations of the calls became permanent, mimicry was limited to infancy, and older individuals encoded in the ADS a lexicon for the names of objects (phonological lexicon). Consequently, sound recognition in the AVS was sufficient for activating the phonological representations in the ADS and mimicry became independent of lip-reading. Later, by developing inhibitory connections between acoustic-syllabic representations in the AVS and phonological representations of subsequent syllables in the ADS, Hominans became capable of concatenating the monosyllabic calls for repeating polysyllabic words (i.e., developed working memory). Finally, due to strengthening of connections between phonological representations in the ADS, Hominans became capable of encoding several syllables as a single representation (chunking). Consequently, Hominans began vocalizing and mimicking/rehearsing lists of words (sentences).
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Abstract
Goal-directed behavior can be characterized as a dynamic link between a sensory stimulus and a motor act. Neural correlates of many of the intermediate events of goal-directed behavior are found in the posterior parietal cortex. Although the parietal cortex’s role in guiding visual behaviors has received considerable attention, relatively little is known about its role in mediating auditory behaviors. Here, the authors review recent studies that have focused on how neurons in the lateral intraparietal area (area LIP) differentially process auditory and visual stimuli. These studies suggest that area LIP contains a modality-dependent representation that is highly dependent on behavioral context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale E Cohen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
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Asymmetries in the representation of space in the human auditory cortex depend on the global stimulus context. Neuroreport 2016; 27:242-6. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pure word deafness with auditory object agnosia after bilateral lesion of the superior temporal sulcus. Cortex 2015; 73:24-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tomasino B, Canderan C, Marin D, Maieron M, Gremese M, D'Agostini S, Fabbro F, Skrap M. Identifying environmental sounds: a multimodal mapping study. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:567. [PMID: 26539096 PMCID: PMC4612670 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our environment is full of auditory events such as warnings or hazards, and their correct recognition is essential. We explored environmental sounds (ES) recognition in a series of studies. In study 1 we performed an Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of neuroimaging experiments addressing ES processing to delineate the network of areas consistently involved in ES processing. Areas consistently activated in the ALE meta-analysis were the STG/MTG, insula/rolandic operculum, parahippocampal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus bilaterally. Some of these areas truly reflect ES processing, whereas others are related to design choices, e.g., type of task, type of control condition, type of stimulus. In study 2 we report on 7 neurosurgical patients with lesions involving the areas which were found to be activated by the ALE meta-analysis. We tested their ES recognition abilities and found an impairment of ES recognition. These results indicate that deficits of ES recognition do not exclusively reflect lesions to the right or to the left hemisphere but both hemispheres are involved. The most frequently lesioned area is the hippocampus/insula/STG. We made sure that any impairment in ES recognition would not be related to language problems, but reflect impaired ES processing. In study 3 we carried out an fMRI study on patients (vs. healthy controls) to investigate how the areas involved in ES might be functionally deregulated because of a lesion. The fMRI evidenced that controls activated the right IFG, the STG bilaterally and the left insula. We applied a multimodal mapping approach and found that, although the meta-analysis showed that part of the left and right STG/MTG activation during ES processing might in part be related to design choices, this area was one of the most frequently lesioned areas in our patients, thus highlighting its causal role in ES processing. We found that the ROIs we drew on the two clusters of activation found in the left and in the right STG overlapped with the lesions of at least 4 out of the 7 patients' lesions, indicating that the lack of STG activation found for patients is related to brain damage and is crucial for explaining the ES deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tomasino
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico “E. Medea”, Polo Regionale del Friuli Venezia GiuliaUdine, Italy
| | - Cinzia Canderan
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico “E. Medea”, Polo Regionale del Friuli Venezia GiuliaUdine, Italy
| | - Dario Marin
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico “E. Medea”, Polo Regionale del Friuli Venezia GiuliaUdine, Italy
| | - Marta Maieron
- Fisica Medica A.O.S. Maria della MisericordiaUdine, Italy
| | - Michele Gremese
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico “E. Medea”, Polo Regionale del Friuli Venezia GiuliaUdine, Italy
| | - Serena D'Agostini
- Unità Operativa di Neuroradiologia, A.O.S. Maria della MisericordiaUdine, Italy
| | - Franco Fabbro
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico “E. Medea”, Polo Regionale del Friuli Venezia GiuliaUdine, Italy
| | - Miran Skrap
- Unità Operativa di Neurochirurgia, A.O.S. Maria della MisericordiaUdine, Italy
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Zündorf IC, Lewald J, Karnath HO. Testing the dual-pathway model for auditory processing in human cortex. Neuroimage 2015; 124:672-681. [PMID: 26388552 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Analogous to the visual system, auditory information has been proposed to be processed in two largely segregated streams: an anteroventral ("what") pathway mainly subserving sound identification and a posterodorsal ("where") stream mainly subserving sound localization. Despite the popularity of this assumption, the degree of separation of spatial and non-spatial auditory information processing in cortex is still under discussion. In the present study, a statistical approach was implemented to investigate potential behavioral dissociations for spatial and non-spatial auditory processing in stroke patients, and voxel-wise lesion analyses were used to uncover their neural correlates. The results generally provided support for anatomically and functionally segregated auditory networks. However, some degree of anatomo-functional overlap between "what" and "where" aspects of processing was found in the superior pars opercularis of right inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 44), suggesting the potential existence of a shared target area of both auditory streams in this region. Moreover, beyond the typically defined posterodorsal stream (i.e., posterior superior temporal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, and superior frontal sulcus), occipital lesions were found to be associated with sound localization deficits. These results, indicating anatomically and functionally complex cortical networks for spatial and non-spatial auditory processing, are roughly consistent with the dual-pathway model of auditory processing in its original form, but argue for the need to refine and extend this widely accepted hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida C Zündorf
- Center of Neurology, Division of Neuropsychology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Lewald
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hans-Otto Karnath
- Center of Neurology, Division of Neuropsychology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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From bird to sparrow: Learning-induced modulations in fine-grained semantic discrimination. Neuroimage 2015; 118:163-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Agarwal M, Ulmer JL, Klein AP, Mark LP. Cortical and Subcortical Substrates of Cranial Nerve Function. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2015; 36:275-90. [PMID: 26233861 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The pivotal role of cranial nerves in a wholesome life experience cannot be overemphasized. Research has opened new avenues to understand cranial nerve function. Classical concept of strict bilateral cortical control of cranial nerves has given way to concepts of hemispheric dominance and hemispheric lateralization. An astute Neuroradiologist should keep abreast of these concepts and help patients and referring physicians by applying this knowledge in reading images. This chapter provides an overview of cranial nerve function and latest concepts pertaining to their cortical and subcortical control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Agarwal
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
| | - John L Ulmer
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Andrew P Klein
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Leighton P Mark
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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Roaring lions and chirruping lemurs: How the brain encodes sound objects in space. Neuropsychologia 2015; 75:304-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Przewoźny T, Gójska-Grymajło A, Gąsecki D. Auditory Spatial Deficits in the Early Stage of Ischemic Cerebral Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2015; 24:1905-16. [PMID: 26051668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical research, together with computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging findings, proves that ischemic stroke (IS) that damages auditory pathways can cause hearing loss and impairment of higher auditory processes such as sound localization. The goal of the study was to find possible correlations between the IS risk factors, ischemic lesion volume and localization, neurologic status, and the sound localization capability in acute IS patients. METHODS We consecutively enrolled 61 IS patients into the study. The control group consisted of 60 healthy volunteers. All neuro-otological evaluations were performed up to 30 days from the incidence of stroke. All the subjects underwent the horizontal minimum audible angle test (HMAAT) and standard tonal and speech audiometric assessments. RESULTS HMMAT results were significantly worse in the IS patients and were present in 82.0% of the patients. There were more patients with unilateral disturbances than with bilateral ones (54.1% versus 27.9%). It was the characteristics of the ischemic lesions that correlated strongly with the sound localization deterioration, that is, their bilateral (the 90° azimuth, P = .018; the 180°, P = .002), multiple (the 45°, P = .020; the 180°, P = .007; the 225°, P = .047), and lacunar character (the 90°, P = .015; the 225°, P = .042). Differences in the types of HMAAT results were significant for lesions in the frontal and the temporal lobe (P = .018 and P = .040). In addition, worse sound localization ability was more common in patients with poor speech discrimination and the bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. We have not found statistically significant correlations for other analyzed factors such as the cortical/subcortical character of the lesions, the patients' neurologic status, and cerebrovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Sound localization impairment is common in IS patients and it is the multiple, bilateral, and lacunar character of the ischemic lesions that seems to be strongly positively correlated with the disturbance of the sound localization ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Przewoźny
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | | | - Dariusz Gąsecki
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Clarke S, Bindschaedler C, Crottaz-Herbette S. Impact of Cognitive Neuroscience on Stroke Rehabilitation. Stroke 2015; 46:1408-13. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.007435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Clarke
- From the Service de Neuropsychologie et de Neuroréhabilitation, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claire Bindschaedler
- From the Service de Neuropsychologie et de Neuroréhabilitation, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Crottaz-Herbette
- From the Service de Neuropsychologie et de Neuroréhabilitation, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Poliva O. From where to what: a neuroanatomically based evolutionary model of the emergence of speech in humans. F1000Res 2015; 4:67. [PMID: 28928931 PMCID: PMC5600004 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.6175.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the brain of primates, the auditory cortex connects with the frontal lobe via the temporal pole (auditory ventral stream; AVS) and via the inferior parietal lobule (auditory dorsal stream; ADS). The AVS is responsible for sound recognition, and the ADS for sound-localization, voice detection and audio-visual integration. I propose that the primary role of the ADS in monkeys/apes is the perception and response to contact calls. These calls are exchanged between tribe members (e.g., mother-offspring) and are used for monitoring location. Perception of contact calls occurs by the ADS detecting a voice, localizing it, and verifying that the corresponding face is out of sight. The auditory cortex then projects to parieto-frontal visuospatial regions (visual dorsal stream) for searching the caller, and via a series of frontal lobe-brainstem connections, a contact call is produced in return. Because the human ADS processes also speech production and repetition, I further describe a course for the development of speech in humans. I propose that, due to duplication of a parietal region and its frontal projections, and strengthening of direct frontal-brainstem connections, the ADS converted auditory input directly to vocal regions in the frontal lobe, which endowed early Hominans with partial vocal control. This enabled offspring to modify their contact calls with intonations for signaling different distress levels to their mother. Vocal control could then enable question-answer conversations, by offspring emitting a low-level distress call for inquiring about the safety of objects, and mothers responding with high- or low-level distress calls. Gradually, the ADS and the direct frontal-brainstem connections became more robust and vocal control became more volitional. Eventually, individuals were capable of inventing new words and offspring were capable of inquiring about objects in their environment and learning their names via mimicry.
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Poliva O. From where to what: a neuroanatomically based evolutionary model of the emergence of speech in humans. F1000Res 2015; 4:67. [PMID: 28928931 PMCID: PMC5600004 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.6175.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the brain of primates, the auditory cortex connects with the frontal lobe via the temporal pole (auditory ventral stream; AVS) and via the inferior parietal lobe (auditory dorsal stream; ADS). The AVS is responsible for sound recognition, and the ADS for sound-localization, voice detection and integration of calls with faces. I propose that the primary role of the ADS in non-human primates is the detection and response to contact calls. These calls are exchanged between tribe members (e.g., mother-offspring) and are used for monitoring location. Detection of contact calls occurs by the ADS identifying a voice, localizing it, and verifying that the corresponding face is out of sight. Once a contact call is detected, the primate produces a contact call in return via descending connections from the frontal lobe to a network of limbic and brainstem regions. Because the ADS of present day humans also performs speech production, I further propose an evolutionary course for the transition from contact call exchange to an early form of speech. In accordance with this model, structural changes to the ADS endowed early members of the genus Homo with partial vocal control. This development was beneficial as it enabled offspring to modify their contact calls with intonations for signaling high or low levels of distress to their mother. Eventually, individuals were capable of participating in yes-no question-answer conversations. In these conversations the offspring emitted a low-level distress call for inquiring about the safety of objects (e.g., food), and his/her mother responded with a high- or low-level distress call to signal approval or disapproval of the interaction. Gradually, the ADS and its connections with brainstem motor regions became more robust and vocal control became more volitional. Speech emerged once vocal control was sufficient for inventing novel calls.
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Poliva O. From where to what: a neuroanatomically based evolutionary model of the emergence of speech in humans. F1000Res 2015; 4:67. [PMID: 28928931 PMCID: PMC5600004.2 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.6175.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the brain of primates, the auditory cortex connects with the frontal lobe via the temporal pole (auditory ventral stream; AVS) and via the inferior parietal lobe (auditory dorsal stream; ADS). The AVS is responsible for sound recognition, and the ADS for sound-localization, voice detection and integration of calls with faces. I propose that the primary role of the ADS in non-human primates is the detection and response to contact calls. These calls are exchanged between tribe members (e.g., mother-offspring) and are used for monitoring location. Detection of contact calls occurs by the ADS identifying a voice, localizing it, and verifying that the corresponding face is out of sight. Once a contact call is detected, the primate produces a contact call in return via descending connections from the frontal lobe to a network of limbic and brainstem regions. Because the ADS of present day humans also performs speech production, I further propose an evolutionary course for the transition from contact call exchange to an early form of speech. In accordance with this model, structural changes to the ADS endowed early members of the genus Homo with partial vocal control. This development was beneficial as it enabled offspring to modify their contact calls with intonations for signaling high or low levels of distress to their mother. Eventually, individuals were capable of participating in yes-no question-answer conversations. In these conversations the offspring emitted a low-level distress call for inquiring about the safety of objects (e.g., food), and his/her mother responded with a high- or low-level distress call to signal approval or disapproval of the interaction. Gradually, the ADS and its connections with brainstem motor regions became more robust and vocal control became more volitional. Speech emerged once vocal control was sufficient for inventing novel calls.
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Abstract
Auditory agnosia refers to impairments in sound perception and identification despite intact hearing, cognitive functioning, and language abilities (reading, writing, and speaking). Auditory agnosia can be general, affecting all types of sound perception, or can be (relatively) specific to a particular domain. Verbal auditory agnosia (also known as (pure) word deafness) refers to deficits specific to speech processing, environmental sound agnosia refers to difficulties confined to non-speech environmental sounds, and amusia refers to deficits confined to music. These deficits can be apperceptive, affecting basic perceptual processes, or associative, affecting the relation of a perceived auditory object to its meaning. This chapter discusses what is known about the behavioral symptoms and lesion correlates of these different types of auditory agnosia (focusing especially on verbal auditory agnosia), evidence for the role of a rapid temporal processing deficit in some aspects of auditory agnosia, and the few attempts to treat the perceptual deficits associated with auditory agnosia. A clear picture of auditory agnosia has been slow to emerge, hampered by the considerable heterogeneity in behavioral deficits, associated brain damage, and variable assessments across cases. Despite this lack of clarity, these striking deficits in complex sound processing continue to inform our understanding of auditory perception and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Robert Slevc
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Alison R Shell
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Ye S, Jiang Y, Duan Y, Karim A, Fan D, Yang L, Zhao X, Yin J, Luo K. Constitutive expression of the poplar WRKY transcription factor PtoWRKY60 enhances resistance to Dothiorella gregaria Sacc. in transgenic plants. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 34:1118-29. [PMID: 25281841 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
WRKY proteins are involved in various physiological processes in plants, especially in coping with diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. However, limited information is available on the roles of specific WRKY transcription factors in poplar defense. In this study, we reported the characterization of PtoWRKY60, a Group IIa WRKY member, from Populus tomentosa Carr. The gene expression profile of PtoWRKY60 in various tissues showed that it significantly accumulated in old leaves. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that PtoWRKY60 had a close relationship with AtWRKY18, AtWRKY40 and AtWRKY60. PtoWRKY60 was induced mainly by salicylic acid (SA) and slightly by Dothiorella gregaria Sacc., jasmonic acid, wounding treatment, low temperature and salinity stresses. Overexpression of PtoWRKY60 in poplar resulted in increased resistance to D. gregaria. The defense-associated genes, such as PR5.1, PR5.2, PR5.4, PR5.5 and CPR5, were markedly up-regulated in transgenic plants overexpressing PtoWRKY60. These results indicate that PtoWRKY60 might be partly involved in the signal transduction pathway initiated by SA in Populus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Ye
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Transgenic Plant and Safety Control, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuanzhong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Transgenic Plant and Safety Control, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yanjiao Duan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Transgenic Plant and Safety Control, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Abdul Karim
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Transgenic Plant and Safety Control, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Di Fan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Transgenic Plant and Safety Control, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Transgenic Plant and Safety Control, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Transgenic Plant and Safety Control, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Transgenic Plant and Safety Control, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
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Mendonça C. A review on auditory space adaptations to altered head-related cues. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:219. [PMID: 25120422 PMCID: PMC4110508 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article we present a review of current literature on adaptations to altered head-related auditory localization cues. Localization cues can be altered through ear blocks, ear molds, electronic hearing devices, and altered head-related transfer functions (HRTFs). Three main methods have been used to induce auditory space adaptation: sound exposure, training with feedback, and explicit training. Adaptations induced by training, rather than exposure, are consistently faster. Studies on localization with altered head-related cues have reported poor initial localization, but improved accuracy and discriminability with training. Also, studies that displaced the auditory space by altering cue values reported adaptations in perceived source position to compensate for such displacements. Auditory space adaptations can last for a few months even without further contact with the learned cues. In most studies, localization with the subject's own unaltered cues remained intact despite the adaptation to a second set of cues. Generalization is observed from trained to untrained sound source positions, but there is mixed evidence regarding cross-frequency generalization. Multiple brain areas might be involved in auditory space adaptation processes, but the auditory cortex (AC) may play a critical role. Auditory space plasticity may involve context-dependent cue reweighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Mendonça
- Department of Signal Processing and Acoustics, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University Espoo, Finland
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Ahveninen J, Huang S, Nummenmaa A, Belliveau JW, Hung AY, Jääskeläinen IP, Rauschecker JP, Rossi S, Tiitinen H, Raij T. Evidence for distinct human auditory cortex regions for sound location versus identity processing. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2585. [PMID: 24121634 PMCID: PMC3932554 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurophysiological animal models suggest that anterior auditory cortex (AC) areas process sound-identity information, whereas posterior ACs specialize in sound location processing. In humans, inconsistent neuroimaging results and insufficient causal evidence have challenged the existence of such parallel AC organization. Here we transiently inhibit bilateral anterior or posterior AC areas using MRI-guided paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) while subjects listen to Reference/Probe sound pairs and perform either sound location or identity discrimination tasks. The targeting of TMS pulses, delivered 55–145 ms after Probes, is confirmed with individual-level cortical electric-field estimates. Our data show that TMS to posterior AC regions delays reaction times (RT) significantly more during sound location than identity discrimination, whereas TMS to anterior AC regions delays RTs significantly more during sound identity than location discrimination. This double dissociation provides direct causal support for parallel processing of sound identity features in anterior AC and sound location in posterior AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyrki Ahveninen
- Harvard Medical School-Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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Zündorf IC, Karnath HO, Lewald J. The effect of brain lesions on sound localization in complex acoustic environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:1410-8. [PMID: 24618271 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Localizing sound sources of interest in cluttered acoustic environments--as in the 'cocktail-party' situation--is one of the most demanding challenges to the human auditory system in everyday life. In this study, stroke patients' ability to localize acoustic targets in a single-source and in a multi-source setup in the free sound field were directly compared. Subsequent voxel-based lesion-behaviour mapping analyses were computed to uncover the brain areas associated with a deficit in localization in the presence of multiple distracter sound sources rather than localization of individually presented sound sources. Analyses revealed a fundamental role of the right planum temporale in this task. The results from the left hemisphere were less straightforward, but suggested an involvement of inferior frontal and pre- and postcentral areas. These areas appear to be particularly involved in the spectrotemporal analyses crucial for effective segregation of multiple sound streams from various locations, beyond the currently known network for localization of isolated sound sources in otherwise silent surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida C Zündorf
- 1 Centre of Neurology, Division of Neuropsychology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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