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Multielemental, Nutritional, and Proteomic Characterization of Different Lupinus spp. Genotypes: A Source of Nutrients for Dietary Use. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248771. [PMID: 36557904 PMCID: PMC9787123 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Among grain pulses, lupins have recently gained considerable interest for a number of attractive nutritional attributes relating to their high protein and dietary fiber and negligible starch contents. The seeds of Lupinus albus (cv. Multitalia and Luxor, and the Modica ecotype); L. luteus (cv. Dukat, Mister, and Taper); and L. angustifolius (cv. Sonet) analyzed in this study were deposited within the germplasm collection of the Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops of Acireale and were sowed in East Sicily in 2013/14. The collected seeds were analyzed for their multielemental micro- and macronutrient profiles, resulting in a wide variability between genotypes. Lupin seed flour samples were subjected to a defatting process using supercritical CO2, with oil yields dependent on the species and genotype. We determined the fatty acid profile and tocopherol content of the lupin oil samples, finding that the total saturated fatty acid quantities of different samples were very close, and the total tocopherol content was about 1500.00 µg/g FW. The proteomic analysis of the defatted lupin seed flours showed substantial equivalence between the cultivars of the same species of Lupinus albus and L. luteus. Moreover, the L. angustifolius proteome map showed the presence of additional spots in comparison to L. albus, corresponding to α-conglutins. Lupin, in addition to being a good source of mineral elements, also contributes vitamin E and, thanks to the very high content of gamma-tocopherols, demonstrates powerful antioxidant activity.
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Czubinski J, Dwiecki K. Molecular structure-affinity relationship of selected phenolic compounds for lupin seed γ-conglutin. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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da Silva RM, Guimarães VM, Veríssimo LAA, Vidigal MCTR, Minim VPR, Minim LA. Extraction, purification by cation exchange supermacroporous cryogel and physico-chemical characterization of γ-conglutin from lupin seeds (Lupinus albus L.). J Sep Sci 2021; 45:401-410. [PMID: 34687586 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the extraction, purification, and physicochemical characterization of γ-conglutin, a protein present in lupin seeds with properties of reducing blood glucose levels. Total protein was extracted with an alkaline-saline solvent, followed by isoelectric precipitation. Chromatographic purification of the precipitated fraction was performed using a cation exchange supermacroporous cryogel column. Electrophoresis of the eluted fraction from chromatography presented a single band of ∼48 kDa under non-reducing conditions (two bands of ∼30 and ∼17 kDa, under reducing conditions) confirming the success of the purification protocol. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the identity of the protein as γ-conglutin. The purified γ-conglutin had an isoelectric point of 7.51, β-sheets prevailing as a secondary structure, and denaturation temperature close to 68°C. The outcome of this work showed that γ-conglutin was obtained with a high degree of purity. The proposed purification protocol is simple and can be easily scaled up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luis Antonio Minim
- Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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4
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Czubinski J. Fluorescence polarization as an approach to study the molecular interaction between lupin seed γ-conglutin and insulin. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Innes E, Yiu HHP, McLean P, Brown W, Boyles M. Simulated biological fluids - a systematic review of their biological relevance and use in relation to inhalation toxicology of particles and fibres. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:217-248. [PMID: 33905298 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1903386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of simulated biological fluids (SBFs) is a promising in vitro technique to better understand the release mechanisms and possible in vivo behaviour of materials, including fibres, metal-containing particles and nanomaterials. Applications of SBFs in dissolution tests allow a measure of material biopersistence or, conversely, bioaccessibility that in turn can provide a useful inference of a materials biodistribution, its acute and long-term toxicity, as well as its pathogenicity. Given the wide range of SBFs reported in the literature, a review was conducted, with a focus on fluids used to replicate environments that may be encountered upon material inhalation, including extracellular and intracellular compartments. The review aims to identify when a fluid design can replicate realistic biological conditions, demonstrate operation validation, and/or provide robustness and reproducibility. The studies examined highlight simulated lung fluids (SLFs) that have been shown to suitably replicate physiological conditions, and identify specific components that play a pivotal role in dissolution mechanisms and biological activity; including organic molecules, redox-active species and chelating agents. Material dissolution was not always driven by pH, and likewise not only driven by SLF composition; specific materials and formulations correspond to specific dissolution mechanisms. It is recommended that SLF developments focus on biological predictivity and if not practical, on better biological mimicry, as such an approach ensures results are more likely to reflect in vivo behaviour regardless of the material under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Innes
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK
| | - Humphrey H P Yiu
- Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Polly McLean
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK
| | - William Brown
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK
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Czubinski J. Insight into thermally induced structural changes of lupin seed γ-conglutin. Food Chem 2021; 354:129480. [PMID: 33765465 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A multidimensional analysis aimed to determine the thermal impact on γ-conglutin at the two oligomeric states was carried out. A wide range of biophysical and bioinformatic methods allowed to get insight into a thermal unfolding mechanism. The determined midpoint transition temperature (Tm) values were remarkably different, being 56.5 °C and 71.1 °C for γ-conglutin monomer and hexamer, respectively. The unfolding pattern for hexamer molecules included aggregation/precipitation, while monomers tended to form soluble aggregates after heat exposure. Interestingly, differences in the aromatic amino acid residues movements indicate that during thermal treatment of γ-conglutin hexamer red-shift occurred contrary to the monomer in the case of which blue-shift was noted. The obtained results provide an essential contribution to expand our knowledge about the molecular characterization of this intriguing lupin seed protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Czubinski
- Department of Food Biochemistry and Analysis, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
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Lupinus albus γ-Conglutin, a Protein Structurally Related to GH12 Xyloglucan-Specific Endo-Glucanase Inhibitor Proteins (XEGIPs), Shows Inhibitory Activity against GH2 β-Mannosidase. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197305. [PMID: 33022933 PMCID: PMC7583008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-conglutin (γC) is a major protein of Lupinus albus seeds, but its function is still unknown. It shares high structural similarity with xyloglucan-specific endo-glucanase inhibitor proteins (XEGIPs) and, to a lesser extent, with Triticum aestivum endoxylanase inhibitors (TAXI-I), active against fungal glycoside hydrolases GH12 and GH11, respectively. However, γC lacks both these inhibitory activities. Since β-galactomannans are major components of the cell walls of endosperm in several legume plants, we tested the inhibitory activity of γC against a GH2 β-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25). γC was actually able to inhibit the enzyme, and this effect was enhanced by the presence of zinc ions. The stoichiometry of the γC/enzyme interaction was 1:1, and the calculated Ki was 1.55 μM. To obtain further insights into the interaction between γC and β-mannosidase, an in silico structural bioinformatic approach was followed, including some docking analyses. By and large, this work describes experimental findings that highlight new scenarios for understanding the natural role of γC. Although structural predictions can leave space for speculative interpretations, the full complexity of the data reported in this work allows one to hypothesize mechanisms of action for the basis of inhibition. At least two mechanisms seem plausible, both involving lupin-γC-peculiar structures.
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Mane S, Bringans S, Johnson S, Pareek V, Utikar R. Reverse phase HPLC method for detection and quantification of lupin seed γ-conglutin. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1063:123-129. [PMID: 28863333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A simple, selective and accurate reverse phase HPLC method was developed for detection and quantitation of γ-conglutin from lupin seed extract. A linear gradient of water and acetonitrile containing trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) on a reverse phase column (Agilent Zorbax 300SB C-18), with a flow rate of 0.8ml/min was able to produce a sharp and symmetric peak of γ-conglutin with a retention time at 29.16min. The identity of γ-conglutin in the peak was confirmed by mass spectrometry (MS/MS identification) and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. The data obtained from MS/MS analysis was matched against the specified database to obtain the exact match for the protein of interest. The proposed method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, sensitivity, precision, recovery and accuracy. The analytical parameters revealed that the validated method was capable of selectively performing a good chromatographic separation of γ-conglutin from the lupin seed extract with no interference of the matrix. The detection and quantitation limit of γ-conglutin were found to be 2.68μg/ml and 8.12μg/ml respectively. The accuracy (precision and recovery) analysis of the method was conducted under repeatable conditions on different days. Intra-day and inter-day precision values less than 0.5% and recovery greater than 97% indicated high precision and accuracy of the method for analysis of γ-conglutin. The method validation findings were reproducible and can be successfully applied for routine analysis of γ-conglutin from lupin seed extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmilee Mane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Scott Bringans
- Proteomics International, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Stuart Johnson
- School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Vishnu Pareek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Ranjeet Utikar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
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Burgos-Díaz C, Piornos JA, Wandersleben T, Ogura T, Hernández X, Rubilar M. Emulsifying and Foaming Properties of Different Protein Fractions Obtained from a Novel Lupin Variety AluProt-CGNA(®) (Lupinus luteus). J Food Sci 2016; 81:C1699-706. [PMID: 27232549 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of vegetable proteins as food ingredient is becoming increasingly important due to their high versatility and environmental acceptability. This work describes a chemical characterization and techno-functional properties (emulsifying and foaming properties) of 3 protein fractions obtained from a protein-rich novel lupin variety, AluProt-CGNA(®) . This nongenetically modified variety have a great protein content in dehulled seeds (60.6 g protein/100 g, dry matter), which is higher than soybean and other lupin varieties. A simple procedure was utilized to obtain 3 different fractions by using alkali solubilization and isoelectric precipitation. Fractions 1 and 3 were mainly composed of protein and polysaccharides (NNE), whereas fraction 2 was mainly composed by protein (97%, w/w). Fraction 3 presented interesting and potential foaming properties in comparison to the other fractions evaluated in the study. Besides, its solubility, foaming and emulsifying capacity were practically not affected by pH variations. The 3 fractions also presented good emulsion stability, reaching values above a 95%. SDS-PAGE showed that fractions 1 and 2 contained mainly conglutin α, β, and δ, but in different ratios, whereas fraction 3 contained mainly conglutin γ and albumins. The results of this work will provide better understanding for the utilization of each protein fractions as potential ingredients in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Burgos-Díaz
- Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center, CGNA, Technology and Processes Unit, Temuco, Chile
| | - José A Piornos
- Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center, CGNA, Technology and Processes Unit, Temuco, Chile
| | - Traudy Wandersleben
- Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center, CGNA, Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Temuco, Chile
| | - Takahiro Ogura
- Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center, CGNA, Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Temuco, Chile
| | - Xaviera Hernández
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN, Univ. de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mónica Rubilar
- Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center, CGNA, Technology and Processes Unit, Temuco, Chile
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN, Univ. de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Cabello-Hurtado F, Keller J, Ley J, Sanchez-Lucas R, Jorrín-Novo JV, Aïnouche A. Proteomics for exploiting diversity of lupin seed storage proteins and their use as nutraceuticals for health and welfare. J Proteomics 2016; 143:57-68. [PMID: 26996462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lupins have a variety of both traditional and modern uses. In the last decade, reports assessing the benefits of lupin seed proteins have proliferated and, nowadays, the pharmaceutical industry is interested in lupin proteins for human health. Modern genomics and proteomics have hugely contributed to describing the diversity of lupin storage genes and, above all, proteins. Most of these studies have been centered on few edible lupin species. However, Lupinus genus comprises hundreds of species spread throughout the Old and New Worlds, and these resources have been scarcely explored and exploited. We present here a detailed review of the literature on the potential of lupin seed proteins as nutraceuticals, and the use of -omic tools to analyze seed storage polypeptides in main edible lupins and their diversity at the Lupinus inter- and intra-species level. In this sense, proteomics, more than any other, has been a key approach. Proteomics has shown that lupin seed protein diversity, where post-translational modifications yield a large number of peptide variants with a potential concern in bioactivity, goes far beyond gene diversity. The future extended use of second and third generation proteomics should definitely help to go deeper into coverage and characterization of lupin seed proteome. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Some important topics concerning storage proteins from lupin seeds are presented and analyzed in an integrated way in this review. Proteomic approaches have been essential in characterizing lupin seed protein diversity, which goes far beyond gene diversity since the protein level adds to the latter differential proteolytic cleavage of conglutin pro-proteins and a diverse array of glycosylation forms and sites. Proteomics has also proved helpful for screening and studying Lupinus germplasm with the future aim of exploiting and improving food production, quality, and nutritional values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Cabello-Hurtado
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, OSUR (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes), University of Rennes 1, 263 av. du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | - Jean Keller
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, OSUR (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes), University of Rennes 1, 263 av. du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - José Ley
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, OSUR (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes), University of Rennes 1, 263 av. du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Rosa Sanchez-Lucas
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry and Proteomics Research Group, Dpt. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba-CeiA3, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jesús V Jorrín-Novo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry and Proteomics Research Group, Dpt. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba-CeiA3, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Abdelkader Aïnouche
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, OSUR (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes), University of Rennes 1, 263 av. du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
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Arnoldi A, Boschin G, Zanoni C, Lammi C. The health benefits of sweet lupin seed flours and isolated proteins. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Boisa N, Elom N, Dean JR, Deary ME, Bird G, Entwistle JA. Development and application of an inhalation bioaccessibility method (IBM) for lead in the PM10 size fraction of soil. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 70:132-42. [PMID: 24934854 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
An approach for assessing the inhalation bioaccessibility of Pb in the PM10 size fraction is presented, using an in vitro simulated epithelial lung fluid to represent the extracellular environment of the lung. The developed inhalation bioaccessibility method (IBM) is applied to a range of urban surface soils and mining wastes obtained from Mitrovica, Kosovo, a site where impacts upon human health following exposure to Pb have been internationally publicised. All Pb determinations were undertaken by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The pseudo-total concentration of Pb (microwave acid digestion using aqua-regia) varied between matrices: smelter (20,900-72,800mgkg(-1)), topsoil (274-13,700mgkg(-1)), and tailings (2990mgkg(-1)-25,300mgkg(-1)). The in vitro inhalation bioaccessibility was typically several orders of magnitude lower: smelter (7.0-965mgkg(-1)), topsoil (9.8-1060mgkg(-1)), and tailings (0.7mgkg(-1)-49.2mgkg(-1)). The % inhalation bioaccessibility ranged from 0.02 to 11.0%, with the higher inhalation bioaccessible Pb concentrations being observed for samples from the Bosniak Mahalla area of Mitrovica (an area proposed for the relocation of internally displaced peoples). The estimated inhalation dose (for adults) calculated from the PM10 pseudo-total Pb concentration ranged from 0.369 to 1.284μgkg(-1)BWday(-1) (smelter), 0.005-0.242μgkg(-1)BWday(-1) (topsoil), and 0.053-0.446μgkg(-1)BWday(-1) (tailings). When daily inhalation doses were calculated using the bioaccessible Pb concentration the modelled exposure doses were much lower: smelter (0.0001-0.0170μgkg(-1)BWday(-1)), topsoil (0.0002-0.0187μgkg(-1)BWday(-1)) and tailings (0.0001-0.0009μgkg(-1)BWday(-1)). Modelled for the neutral pH conditions of the interstitial lung environment, the results indicate a low potential inhalation bioaccessibility for Pb in these samples. Given the already elevated environmental Pb burden experienced by the local population, where significant prolonged dust or particulate generating activities are taking place, or where the inhaled particles are phagocytized, then inhalation exposure has the potential to significantly add to the overall Pb burden. Such data are important for local policy makers to better enable them to assess risk, especially in areas where soils/dusts have elevated levels of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndokiari Boisa
- Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Nwabueze Elom
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - John R Dean
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Michael E Deary
- Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Graham Bird
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Jane A Entwistle
- Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
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Scarafoni A, Ronchi A, Duranti M. gamma-Conglutin, the Lupinus albus XEGIP-like protein, whose expression is elicited by chitosan, lacks of the typical inhibitory activity against GH12 endo-glucanases. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2010; 71:142-148. [PMID: 19962718 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
gamma-Conglutin, a glycoprotein from Lupinus albus seed, has been characterized at molecular level but its physiological function is still unknown. gamma-Conglutin shares a high structural similarity with xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase inhibitor proteins (XEGIPs) and Triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (TAXI-I), which act specifically against fungal glycosyl hydrolase belonging to families 12 and 11, respectively. To assess the possible involvement of gamma-conglutin in plant defense, germinating lupin seeds were incubated with chitosan. The relative quantification of gamma-conglutin mRNA extracted from cotyledons was then carried out by RT-qPCR and indicated that chitosan strongly elicited the expression of gamma-conglutin. Moreover, biochemical trials aimed to test the inhibitory capacity of the protein have been also carried out. gamma-Conglutin failed to inhibit representative fungal endo-glucanases and other cell wall-degrading enzymes. To explain the lack of inhibitory capacity we investigated the possible structural differences between gamma-conglutin and XEGIPs and TAXI-I, including the construction of a predictive 3D model of the protein. Bioinformatic analysis suggests that the lack of inhibitory activity of gamma-conglutin can be attributed to sequence differences in the inhibitor interaction domains, and in particular to a sequence deletion in one of the functional loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Scarafoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari Agroalimentari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Duranti M, Consonni A, Magni C, Sessa F, Scarafoni A. The major proteins of lupin seed: Characterisation and molecular properties for use as functional and nutraceutical ingredients. Trends Food Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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16
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Molecular nutraceutics as a mean to investigate the positive effects of legume seed proteins on human health. Trends Food Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Duranti M. Grain legume proteins and nutraceutical properties. Fitoterapia 2006; 77:67-82. [PMID: 16406359 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2005.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2005] [Accepted: 11/17/2005] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Grain legumes are a valuable source of food proteins. Their exploitation is expected to grow in relation of a growing world's food needs. Moreover, it is currently taking place a reappraisal of the beneficial effects of legume seed dietary intake, which are the basis for various health claims. Proteins and peptides concur to the observed biological activities of legume seeds, but their effect(s) has(ve) not completely been disclosed. Aims of this review are: to report the most relevant putative positive effects of grain legumes on human health and to give an account of the current knowledge on the demonstrated legume seed protein biological activities. Specific effects on the prevention and treatment of various diseases, mostly of which are typical of the affluent countries, are reported. Examples of studies at molecular level aimed at elucidating of the underlying mechanism(s) are given. The prospects on targeted legume protein exploitation in the nutraceutical area, including the biotechnological approaches, are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Duranti
- Department of AgriFood Molecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
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18
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Sironi E, Sessa F, Duranti M. A simple procedure of lupin seed protein fractionation for selective food applications. Eur Food Res Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-005-1151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lombardi-Boccia G, Ruggeri S, Aguzzi A, Cappelloni M. Globulins enhance in vitro iron but not zinc dialysability: a study on six legume species. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2003; 17:1-5. [PMID: 12755494 DOI: 10.1016/s0946-672x(03)80037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study was addressed to evaluate the in vitro iron and zinc dialysability from the globulin fraction of six legumes. Five legume species including white bean, mottled bean (Taylor bean), chickpea, lentil, lupin, and a modified mottled bean variety, selected by back-crossing to obtain seeds with globulins composed by G1 fraction only, were used. Globulins (G1 + G2) were extracted from the seeds and analysed for their in vitro iron and zinc dialysability. The highest globulin concentration was detected in lentil (89%). The percentage of globulins in the modified variety of Taylor bean (G1 only) was higher than that of the commercial variety (G1 + G2). The highest concentration of iron was found in Taylor bean globulins. The modified variety of Taylor bean contained 2.6-fold higher iron concentration than the whole seed, and the commercial variety had 1.8-fold higher iron only. The highest zinc concentration was found in lentil globulins. Also iron dialysability from globulins was markedly higher than that of the respective whole seed. The highest value of iron dialysability was found in lentil (10.8%). Zinc dialysability was generally high (above 20%), but no significant differences between whole seed and globulins were detected. The results showed that globulins enhanced iron but not zinc dialysability. Lupin and the modified variety of Taylor bean showed a different behaviour in terms of mineral dialysability compared to the other legumes. The amino acid composition of the digestion products of whole seeds and globulins failed to evidence any direct influence on iron and zinc availability.
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Duranti M, Di Cataldo A, Sessa F, Scarafoni A, Ceciliani F. Metal ions restore the proteolytic resistance of denatured conglutin gamma, a lupin seed glycoprotein, by promoting its refolding. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2002; 50:2029-2033. [PMID: 11902952 DOI: 10.1021/jf010512c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The susceptibility to trypsin of conglutin gamma, a lupin seed glycoprotein affected by this enzyme only when in a non-native conformation, was used to study the effect of Zn(2+) and other metal ions on the structural dynamics of the protein. When acid-treated trypsin-susceptible conglutin gamma was incubated at neutral pH in the presence of Zn(2+), it became resistant to tryptic attack, contrary to the protein treated in the absence of Zn(2+). The time course of this refolding event has been quantitatively evaluated by SDS-PAGE. Amino acid sequencing of the major polypeptide fragments, produced by trypsin before completion of the refolding process, indicated that only a few cleavable bonds were accessible to the enzyme. This suggested that the presence of metal ions affected the pathway of degradation of the protein, by inducing its folding. Among the other metal ions tested, Ni(2+) also promoted the adoption of a trypsin-resistant conformation of conglutin gamma, whereas Mn(2+) and Ca(2+) had only much lower effects. The relevance of these findings for a deeper understanding of the in vivo degradation of plant food proteins and how it is affected by metal ions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Duranti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari Agroalimentari and Istituto di Fisiologia Veterinaria e Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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