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Ameen S, Zaman U, AlSalem HS, Alhawiti AS, Alanazi AN, Zghab I, Alissa M, Alghamdi SA, Naz R, Rehman KU. Isolation and biochemical characterization of novel acid phosphatase and zinc-dependent acid phosphatase from the chicken's brain. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131339. [PMID: 38574925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The AcPase exhibits a specific activity of 31.32 U/mg of protein with a 728-fold purification, and the yield of the enzyme is raised to 3.15 %. The Zn2+-dependent AcPase showed a purification factor of 1.34 specific activity of 14 U/mg of proteins and a total recovery of 5.14. The SDS-PAGE showed a single band corresponding to a molecular weight of 18 kDa of AcPase and 29 kDa of Zn2+-dependent AcPase. The AcPase enzyme has shown a wide range of substrate specificity for p-NPP, phenyl phosphate and FMN, while in the case of ZnAcPase α and β-Naphthyl phosphate and p-NPP were proved to be superior substrates. The divalent metal ions like Mg2+, Mn2+, and Ca2+ increased the activity, while other substrates decreased the enzyme activity. The Km (0.14 mM) and Vmax (21 μmol/min/mg) values of AcPase were higher than those of Zn2+-AcPase (Km = 0.5 mM; Vmax = 9.7 μmol/min/mg). The Zn2+ ions activate the Zn2+-AcPase while Fe3+, Al3+, Pb2+, and Hg2+ showed inhibition on enzyme activity. Molybdate, vanadate and phosphate were found to be competitive inhibitors of AcPase with Ki values 316 μM, 185 μM, and 1.6 mM, while in Zn2+-AcPase tartrate and phosphate also showed competitive inhibition with Ki values 3 mM and 0.5 mM respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Ameen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Umber Zaman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Huda Salem AlSalem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliyah S Alhawiti
- Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal N Alanazi
- Department of Chemistry, Khafji University College, University of Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imen Zghab
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suad A Alghamdi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rubina Naz
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Khalil Ur Rehman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, KPK, Pakistan.
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Ghahremani M, Park J, Anderson EM, Marty-Howard NJ, Mullen RT, Plaxton WC. Lectin AtGAL1 interacts with high-mannose glycoform of the purple acid phosphatase AtPAP26 secreted by phosphate-starved Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1158-1166. [PMID: 30341950 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Ghahremani
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joonho Park
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Erin M Anderson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naomi J Marty-Howard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert T Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - William C Plaxton
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Decker D, Öberg C, Kleczkowski LA. Identification and characterization of inhibitors of UDP-glucose and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylases for in vivo studies. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:1093-1107. [PMID: 28273406 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
UDP-sugars serve as ultimate precursors in hundreds of glycosylation reactions (e.g. for protein and lipid glycosylation, synthesis of sucrose, cell wall polysaccharides, etc.), underlying an important role of UDP-sugar-producing enzymes in cellular metabolism. However, genetic studies on mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation were frequently hampered by reproductive impairment of the resulting mutants, making it difficult to assess an in vivo role of a given enzyme. Here, a chemical library containing 17 500 compounds was separately screened against purified UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase), both enzymes representing the primary mechanisms of UDP-sugar formation. Several compounds have been identified which, at 50 μm, exerted at least 50% inhibition of the pyrophosphorylase activity. In all cases, both UGPase and USPase activities were inhibited, probably reflecting common structural features of active sites of these enzymes. One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. Hit optimization on cmp #6 yielded two analogs (cmp #6D and cmp #6D2), which acted as uncompetitive inhibitors against both UGPase and USPase, and were strong inhibitors in the pollen test, with apparent inhibition constants of less than 1 μm. Their effects on pollen germination were relieved by addition of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose, suggesting that the inhibitors targeted UDP-sugar formation. The results suggest that cmp #6 and its analogs may represent useful tools to study in vivo roles of the pyrophosphorylases, helping to overcome the limitations of genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Decker
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Umeå University, Umeå, 90187, Sweden
| | - Christopher Öberg
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratories for Chemical Biology Umeå, Umeå University, Umeå, 90187, Sweden
| | - Leszek A Kleczkowski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Umeå University, Umeå, 90187, Sweden
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Decker D, Meng M, Gornicka A, Hofer A, Wilczynska M, Kleczkowski LA. Substrate kinetics and substrate effects on the quaternary structure of barley UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 79:39-45. [PMID: 22552276 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) is an essential enzyme responsible for production of UDP-Glc, which is used in hundreds of glycosylation reactions involving addition of Glc to a variety of compounds. In this study, barley UGPase was characterized with respect to effects of its substrates on activity and quaternary structure of the protein. Its K(m) values with Glc-1-P and UTP were 0.33 and 0.25 mM, respectively. Besides using Glc-1-P as a substrate, the enzyme had also considerable activity with Gal-1-P; however, the K(m) for Gal-1-P was very high (>10 mM), rendering this reaction unlikely under physiological conditions. UGPase had a relatively broad pH optimum of 6.5-8.5, regardless of the direction of reaction. The enzyme equilibrium constant was 0.4, suggesting slight preference for the Glc-1-P synthesis direction of the reaction. The quaternary structure of the enzyme, studied by Gas-phase Electrophoretic Mobility Macromolecule Analysis (GEMMA), was affected by addition of either single or both substrates in either direction of the reaction, resulting in a shift from UGPase dimers toward monomers, the active form of the enzyme. The substrate-induced changes in quaternary structure of the enzyme may have a regulatory role to assure maximal activity. Kinetics and factors affecting the oligomerization status of UGPase are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Decker
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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Kestwal RM, Konozy EHE, Hsiao CD, Roque-Barreira MC, Bhide SV. Characterization of α-mannosidase from Erythrina indica seeds and influence of endogenous lectin on its activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2007; 1770:24-8. [PMID: 16935428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2006] [Revised: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 07/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
alpha-mannosidase from Erythrina indica seeds is a Zn(2+) dependent glycoprotein with 8.6% carbohydrate. The enzyme has a temperature optimum of 50 degrees C and energy of activation calculated from Arrhenius plot was found to be 23 kJ mol(-1). N-terminal sequence up to five amino acid residues was found to be DTQEN (Asp, Thr, Gln, Glu, and Asn). In chemical modification studies treatment of the enzyme with NBS led to total loss of enzyme activity and modification of a single tryptophan residue led to inactivation. Fluorescence studies over a pH range of 3-8 have shown tryptophan residue to be in highly hydrophobic environment and pH change did not bring about any appreciable change in its environment. Far-UV CD spectrum indicated predominance of alpha-helical structure in the enzyme. alpha-Mannosidase from E indica exhibits immunological identity with alpha-mannosidase from Canavalia ensiformis but not with the same enzyme from Glycine max and Cicer arietinum. Incubation of E. indica seed lectin with alpha-mannosidase resulted in 35% increase in its activity, while no such activation was observed for acid phosphatase from E. indica. Lectin induced activation of alpha-mannosidase could be completely abolished in presence of lactose, a sugar specific for lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Mohan Kestwal
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Pune, Pune, India
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Litterer LA, Schnurr JA, Plaisance KL, Storey KK, Gronwald JW, Somers DA. Characterization and expression of Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2006; 44:171-80. [PMID: 16757173 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2006.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
At5g52560, a homolog of pea (Pisum sativum) UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (PsUSP) was functionally annotated by expression in Escherichia coli and subsequent characterization of substrate specificity and kinetic properties. Arabidopsis contains a single USP gene (AtUSP) and evaluation of gene databases suggests that USP is unique to plants. The 69 kDa AtUSP gene product exhibited high activity with Glc-1-P, GlcA-1-P and Gal-1-P, but low activity with GlcNAc-1-P, Fuc-1-P, Man-1-P, inositol-1-P or Glc-6-P. AtUSP was activated by magnesium and preferred UTP as co-substrate. Apparent K(m) values for GlcA-1-P, Glc-1-P and UTP were 0.13 mM, 0.42 mM and 0.14 mM, respectively. In the reverse direction (pyrophosphorolysis), the apparent K(m) values for UDP-GlcA, UDP-Glc and pyrophosphate were 0.56 mM, 0.72 mM and 0.15 mM, respectively. USP enzyme activity (UDP-GlcA --> GlcA-1-P) was detected in Arabidopsis tissues with highest activity found in the inflorescence. As determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, AtUSP transcript is widely expressed with high levels detected in the inflorescence. To evaluate tissue-specific expression of AtUSP, histochemical GUS staining of plants transformed with AtUSPprom:GUS constructs was performed. In 7-day-old seedlings, GUS staining was detected in cotyledons, trichomes and vascular tissues of the primary root. In the inflorescence of older plants, high levels of GUS staining were detected in cauline leaves, the epidermis of the stem and in pollen. In silico analysis of AtUSP expression in developing pollen indicates that transcript levels increase as development proceeds from the uninucleate to the tricellular stage. The results suggest that AtUSP plays an important role in pollen development in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Litterer
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
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Cavagis ADM, Granjeiro PA, Ferreira CV, Aoyama H. Effect of chaotropic agents on reversible unfolding of a soybean (Glycine max) seed acid phosphatase. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2004; 65:831-6. [PMID: 15081282 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2003] [Revised: 12/11/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work we examined the effect of urea and guanidinium chloride on the structural stability of a single isoform of soybean seed acid phosphatase, based on the intensity of tryptophan fluorescence as a function of denaturant concentration. The free energy of unfolding, DeltaGu, was calculated at 25 degrees C as a function of the concentrations of both chaotropic agents; the conformational stability, DeltaG (H2O), was determined to be 2.48 kcal mol(-1). Center of mass, determined from analysis of fluorescence data, was used as a parameter to assess conformational changes. Our results indicate that complete enzyme inactivation occurred before full enzyme unfolding in both cases, and suggest that there are differences between the conformational flexibility of the active-site and that of the macromolecule as a whole.
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dos Prazeres JN, Ferreira CV, Aoyama H. Acid phosphatase activities during the germination of Glycine max seeds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2004; 42:15-20. [PMID: 15061079 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2003.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a study concerning the determination of some characteristics of soybean seedlings and the detection of acid phosphatase activities towards different substrates during the germination. Enzyme activities with p-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP) and inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) as substrates were detected from the 5th and 7th days after germination, respectively. Acid phosphatase activities with tyrosine phosphate (TyrP), glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) were also observed but to a lesser extent. Under the same conditions, no enzyme activity was detected with phytic acid (PhyAc) as substrate. The appearance of phosphatase activity was coincident with the decrease of inorganic phosphate content during germination; over the same period, the protein content increased up to the 5th day, decreased until the 8th day, and remained constant after this period. Relative to phosphatase activity in the cotyledons, the activities detected in the hypocotyl and roots were 82% and 38%, respectively. During storage the enzyme maintained about 63% of its activity for 3 months at 5 degrees C. The specificity constant (Vmax/Km) values for pNPP and PPi were 212 and 64 mu kat mM-1 mg-1, respectively. Amongst the substrates tested, PPi could be a potential physiological substrate for acid phosphatase during the germination of soybean seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Nicanuzia dos Prazeres
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Cidade Universitária, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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