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Deng Z, Lai C, Zhang J, Sun F, Li D, Hao P, Shentu X, Pang K, Yu X. Effects of Secondary Metabolites of Rice on Brown Planthopper and Its Symbionts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:386. [PMID: 38203556 PMCID: PMC10779037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (BPH) is a main rice pest in China and many other Asian countries. In the control of BPH, the application of insect-resistant rice has proven to be quite effective. Secondary metabolites are essential weapons in plants' defense against phytophagous insects. Studies have found that differences in the content of secondary metabolites play a crucial role in determining whether rice exhibits resistance or susceptibility to BPH. Simultaneously, symbionts are essential to the BPH. Nevertheless, there is limited research on the impact of secondary metabolites on the symbionts within BPH. Therefore, investigating the influence of secondary metabolites on both BPH and their symbionts is significant for the control of BPH. In this experiment, newly emerged female adults of BPH were fed artificial diets containing 10 different secondary metabolites. The results indicated that methyl jasmonate had inhibitory effects on the survival rate, weight gain, and reproductive capacity of BPH. Using qPCR methods, it was discovered that the number of symbiotic fungi (Ascomycetes symbionts) within BPH significantly decreased under methyl jasmonate stress. In conclusion, this experiment has preliminarily revealed the inhibitory effects of methyl jasmonate on BPH and its symbionts, demonstrating its potential for controlling BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kun Pang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Modern Science and Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Z.D.); (C.L.); (J.Z.); (F.S.); (D.L.); (P.H.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Modern Science and Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Z.D.); (C.L.); (J.Z.); (F.S.); (D.L.); (P.H.); (X.S.)
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Li J, Li B, Luo L, Cao F, Yang B, Gao J, Yan Y, Zhang G, Peng L, Hu B. Increased phenolic acid and tanshinone production and transcriptional responses of biosynthetic genes in hairy root cultures of Salvia przewalskii Maxim. treated with methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8565-8578. [PMID: 33048323 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to reveal the impact of the plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the growth, effective components accumulation, and related gene expression of the hairy root of Salvia przewalskii Maxim. Various concentrations of SA (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 μM) or MeJA (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600 μM) were added to the culture medium of Salvia przewalskii Maxim. Low concentrations of SA promoted the growth of hairy root, while a high concentration inhibited it. 0 to 400 μM MeJA promoted the growth of hairy root, but 600 μM MeJA starts to inhibit its growth. 50 μM SA and 400 μM MeJA significantly enhanced the production of caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone IIA. In general, 50 μM SA can be used to accumulate of tanshinone in hairy roots of S. przewalskii with 6 days. 400 μM MeJA can be used to accumulate of phenolic acids in hairy roots of S. przewalskii with 3 days. The selected genes in the tanshinone and phenolic acid biosynthetic pathway were upregulated with elicitation. To obtain a higher yield and content of secondary metabolites, it is advisable to use 50 μM SA or 400 μM MeJA as the optimal doses to cultivate the hairy root of S. przewalskii. This study provides, for the first time, an efficient tanshinone and phenolic acid production method for S. przewalskii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Bo Li
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Xianyang, 712083, China
| | - Lu Luo
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Fulin Cao
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Bingyue Yang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yonggang Yan
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
| | - Benxiang Hu
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
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Williams D, Qu Y, Simionescu R, De Luca V. The assembly of (+)-vincadifformine- and (-)-tabersonine-derived monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus involves separate branch pathways. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:626-636. [PMID: 31009114 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The biological activity of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) has led to their use in cancer treatment and other medical applications. Their biosynthesis has involved the formation of reactive intermediates by responsible enzymes to elaborate several different chemical scaffolds. Modification of scaffolds through different substitution reactions has produced chemically diverse MIAs and related biological activities. The present study characterizes the three-step pathway involved in the formation of (+)-echitovenine, the major O-acetylated MIA of Catharanthus roseus roots, and differentiates it from a parallel pathway involved in the formation of hörhammericine. Separate hydrolases convert a common reactive MIA intermediate to aspidosperma skeletons of opposite specific rotations, that is (+)-vincadifformine and (-)-tabersonine, respectively. The formation of (+) minovincinine from (+) vincadifformine 19-hydroxylase (V19H) is catalyzed by a root-specific cytochrome P450 with high amino acid sequence similarity to the leaf-specific tabersonine-3-hydroxylase involved in vindoline biosynthesis. Similarly, O-acetylation of (+)-minovincinine to form (+) echitovenine involves minovincinine-O-acetytransferase. The substrate specificity of V19H and MAT for their respective (+)-enantiomers defines the separate enantiomer-specific pathway involved in (+)-echitovenine biosynthesis and differentiates it from a parallel (-)-enantiomer-specific pathway involved in the formation of hörhammericine from (-)-tabersonine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Razvan Simionescu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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4
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Kidd T, Easson ML, Qu Y, De Luca V. Inter-organ transport of secologanin allows assembly of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in a Catharanthus roseus mutant. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 159:119-126. [PMID: 30611871 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal value of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) such as 3',4'-anhydrovinblastine, as well as their chemical complexity have stimulated extensive efforts to understand the biochemical and molecular pathways involved in their biosynthesis in plants such as Catharanthus roseus, Rawvolfia serpentina and others. Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) mutagenesis has been used successfully together with simple MIA thin layer chromatography screening to identify C. roseus mutants with altered MIA profiles. This study describes the isolation of very low iridoid and MIA containing C. roseus mutant (M2-1582) that accumulates MIAs when the plant is provided with secologanin by feeding mutant roots or by grafting the mutant scion onto wild type roots. The observed low iridoid and MIA content was correlated with lowered expression of BIS1/BIS2 transcription factors and several genes involved in secologanin biosynthesis that are expressed in internal phloem parenchyma cells of leaves. When exogenous secologanin was applied to the roots of the mutant plant, secologanin levels rose more than 13-fold, while two major MIAs catharanthine and vindoline rose more than 8- and 4- fold, respectively. Grafting the mutant on WT stocks led to 27-, 11- and 27-fold increases in secologanin, catharanthine and vindoline, respectively in leaves of the scion one week after graft initiation. Other minor MIAs (serpentine, anhydrovinblastine, vindolidine, deacetylvindoline, tabersonine and 16-methoxytabersonine) that were not detected in the mutant, became detectable in leaves of the scion. These results provide strong evidence for a secologanin transport mechanism that mobilizes this iridoid between different plant organs in C. roseus and that secologanin transport to the mutant across the graft union permits the formation of MIAs in leaves of the mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Kidd
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Michael Lae Easson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada.
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5
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Abouzeid S, Beutling U, Selmar D. Stress-induced modification of indole alkaloids:Phytomodificines as a new category of specialized metabolites. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 159:102-107. [PMID: 30605851 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the elucidation of the stress-induced reverse changes of major indole alkaloids in Vinca minor, primarily on the postulated conversion of vincamine and vincadifformine to yield 9-methoxyvincamine, minovincine, and minovincinine, respectively. By applying the P450 enzyme inhibitors, naproxen and resveratrol, it was shown that the oxidative reaction involved in the postulated conversion of vincamine and vincadifformine is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes. In combination with the identification of 9-hydroxyvincamine as a postulated intermediate, this result confirms that the observed stress-induced reverse changes in the alkaloid pattern are caused by modifications of the alkaloids which regularly accumulate in the healthy Vinca minor plants. Up to now, just two main types of defense compounds are distinguished: phytoalexins, which are synthesized de novo from primary metabolites and phytoanticipins, which are constitutively present in plants - either intrinsically active or are activated after cell death by hydrolysis or oxidation of the precursors. In contrast, the results presented in this paper demonstrate that indole alkaloids, representing typical phytoanticipins, are just slightly modified in response to a stress-related elicitation. Accordingly, these modified alkaloids neither represent classical phytoalexins (being synthesized de novo), nor can they be classified as phytoanticipins, since modification does not occur postmortem. Consequently, we propose a new category for these modified alkaloids that we call phytomodificines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abouzeid
- Institute for Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnsstr. 4, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany; Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ulrike Beutling
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dirk Selmar
- Institute for Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnsstr. 4, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Effect of abiotic elicitation and pathway precursors feeding over terpenoid indole alkaloids production in multiple shoot and callus cultures of Catharanthus roseus. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Qu Y, Safonova O, De Luca V. Completion of the canonical pathway for assembly of anticancer drugs vincristine/vinblastine in Catharanthus roseus. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:257-266. [PMID: 30256480 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The important anticancer drugs, vinblastine, vincristine and analogs, are composed of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), catharanthine and vindoline, found uniquely in the medicinal plant, Catharanthus roseus. While 26 genes involved in the assembly of these two MIAs are known, two key reactions have eluded characterization to complete the documentation of the vinblastine pathway in this plant species. The assembly of these dimeric MIAs requires O-acetylstemmadenine oxidase (ASO) and a dual function geissoschizine synthase (GS) that reduces cathenamine to form geissoschizine, and that also reduces the ASO product to form a common intermediate for subsequent conversion by four separate hydrolases to catharanthine, tabersonine or vincadifformine, respectively. The in planta role of ASO is supported by identifying a single amino acid-substituted ASO mutant with very low enzyme activity and by virus-induced gene silencing of ASO to produce plants that accumulate O-acetylstemmadenine rather than catharanthine and vindoline found in wild-type (WT) plants. The in planta role of GS is supported by showing that a low GS-expressing mutant accumulating lower levels of catharanthine and vindoline also displays significantly lower tabersonine-forming activity in coupled enzyme assays than in the WT background. Gene expression analyses demonstrate that both ASO and GS are highly enriched in the leaf epidermis where the pathways for catharanthine and tabersonine biosynthesis are expressed. The full elucidation of this canonical pathway enables synthetic biology approaches for manufacturing a broad range of MIAs, including these dimers used in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Olga Safonova
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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8
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An engineered combinatorial module of transcription factors boosts production of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus. Metab Eng 2018; 48:150-162. [PMID: 29852273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To fend off microbial pathogens and herbivores, plants have evolved a wide range of defense strategies such as physical barriers, or the production of anti-digestive proteins or bioactive specialized metabolites. Accumulation of the latter compounds is often regulated by transcriptional activation of the biosynthesis pathway genes by the phytohormone jasmonate-isoleucine. Here, we used our recently developed flower petal transformation method in the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus to shed light on the complex regulatory mechanisms steering the jasmonate-modulated biosynthesis of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), to which the anti-cancer compounds vinblastine and vincristine belong. By combinatorial overexpression of the transcriptional activators BIS1, ORCA3 and MYC2a, we provide an unprecedented insight into the modular transcriptional control of MIA biosynthesis. Furthermore, we show that the expression of an engineered de-repressed MYC2a triggers a tremendous reprogramming of the MIA pathway, finally leading to massively increased accumulation of at least 23 MIAs. The current study unveils an innovative approach for future metabolic engineering efforts for the production of valuable bioactive plant compounds in non-model plants.
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9
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Carqueijeiro I, Dugé de Bernonville T, Lanoue A, Dang TT, Teijaro CN, Paetz C, Billet K, Mosquera A, Oudin A, Besseau S, Papon N, Glévarec G, Atehortùa L, Clastre M, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Schneider B, St-Pierre B, Andrade RB, O'Connor SE, Courdavault V. A BAHD acyltransferase catalyzing 19-O-acetylation of tabersonine derivatives in roots of Catharanthus roseus enables combinatorial synthesis of monoterpene indole alkaloids. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:469-484. [PMID: 29438577 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
While the characterization of the biosynthetic pathway of monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) in leaves of Catharanthus roseus is now reaching completion, only two enzymes from the root counterpart dedicated to tabersonine metabolism have been identified to date, namely tabersonine 19-hydroxylase (T19H) and minovincine 19-O-acetyltransferase (MAT). Albeit the recombinant MAT catalyzes MIA acetylation at low efficiency in vitro, we demonstrated that MAT was inactive when expressed in yeast and in planta, suggesting an alternative function for this enzyme. Therefore, through transcriptomic analysis of periwinkle adventitious roots, several other BAHD acyltransferase candidates were identified based on the correlation of their expression profile with T19H and found to localize in small genomic clusters. Only one, named tabersonine derivative 19-O-acetyltransferase (TAT) was able to acetylate the 19-hydroxytabersonine derivatives from roots, such as minovincinine and hörhammericine, following expression in yeast. Kinetic studies also showed that the recombinant TAT was specific for root MIAs and displayed an up to 200-fold higher catalytic efficiency than MAT. In addition, gene expression analysis, protein subcellular localization and heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana were in agreement with the prominent role of TAT in acetylation of root-specific MIAs, thereby redefining the molecular determinants of the root MIA biosynthetic pathway. Finally, identification of TAT provided a convenient tool for metabolic engineering of MIAs in yeast enabling efficiently mixing different biosynthetic modules spatially separated in the whole plant. This combinatorial synthesis associating several enzymes from Catharanthus roseus resulted in the conversion of tabersonine in tailor-made MIAs bearing both leaf and root-type decorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Carqueijeiro
- EA2106 'Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales', Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Arnaud Lanoue
- EA2106 'Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales', Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Thu-Thuy Dang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Christiana N Teijaro
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19122, USA
| | - Christian Paetz
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Kevin Billet
- EA2106 'Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales', Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Angela Mosquera
- EA2106 'Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales', Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Universidad de Antioquia, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Audrey Oudin
- EA2106 'Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales', Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 'Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales', Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Papon
- EA3142 'Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène', Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Gaëlle Glévarec
- EA2106 'Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales', Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Lucía Atehortùa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Universidad de Antioquia, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Marc Clastre
- EA2106 'Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales', Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Bernd Schneider
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- EA2106 'Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales', Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Rodrigo B Andrade
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19122, USA
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 'Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales', Université de Tours, Tours, France
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10
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Sun J, Zhao L, Shao Z, Shanks J, Peebles CAM. Expression of tabersonine 16-hydroxylase and 16-hydroxytabersonine-O-methyltransferase in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:673-683. [PMID: 29105731 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The monoterpene indole alkaloids vindoline and catharanthine, which are exclusively synthesized in the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus, are the two important precursors for the production of pharmaceutically important anti-cancer medicines vinblastine and vincristine. Hairy root culture is an ideal platform for alkaloids production due to its industrial scalability, genetic and chemical stability, and availability of genetic engineering tools. However, C. roseus hairy roots do not produce vindoline due to the lack of expression of the seven-step pathway from tabersonine to vindoline [Murata & De Luca (2015) Plant Journal, 44, 581-594]. The present study describes the genetic engineering of the first two genes tabersonine 16-hydroxylase (T16H) and 16-O-methyl transferase (16OMT) in the missing vindoline pathway under the control of a glucocorticoid-inducible promoter to direct tabersonine toward vindoline biosynthesis in C. roseus hairy roots. In two transgenic hairy roots, the induced overexpression of T16H and 16OMT resulted in the accumulation of vindoline pathway metabolites 16-hydroxytabersonine and 16-methoxytabersonine. The levels of root-specific alkaloids, including lochnericine, 19-hydroxytabersonine and hörhammericine, significantly decreased in the induced hairy roots in comparison to the uninduced control lines. This suggests tabersonine was successfully channeled to the vindoline pathway away from the roots competing pathway based on the overexpression. Interestingly, another two new metabolites were detected in the induced hairy roots and proposed to be the epoxidized-16-hydroxytabersonine and lochnerinine. Thus, the introduction of vindoline pathway genes in hairy roots can cause unexpected terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIA) profile alterations. Furthermore, we observed complex transcriptional changes in TIA genes and regulators detected by RT-qPCR which highlight the tight regulation of the TIA pathway in response to T16H and 16OMT engineering in C. roseus hairy roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Le Zhao
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Ames, Iowa
| | - Zengyi Shao
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Ames, Iowa
| | - Jacqueline Shanks
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Ames, Iowa
| | - Christie A M Peebles
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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11
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Abouzeid S, Beutling U, Surup F, Abdel Bar FM, Amer MM, Badria FA, Yahyazadeh M, Brönstrup M, Selmar D. Treatment of Vinca minor Leaves with Methyl Jasmonate Extensively Alters the Pattern and Composition of Indole Alkaloids. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2905-2909. [PMID: 29131648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Alkaloids extracted from mature Vinca minor leaves were fractionated by preparative HPLC. By means of HRMS and NMR data, the main alkaloids were identified as vincamine, strictamine, 10-hydroxycathofoline, and vincadifformine. Upon treatment with methyl jasmonate (MeJA), the pattern and composition of the indole alkaloids changed extensively. While 10-hydroxycathofoline and strictamine concentrations remained unaltered, vincamine and vincadifformine levels showed a dramatic reduction. Upon MeJA treatment, four other indole alkaloids were detected in high quantities. Three of these alkaloids have been identified as minovincinine, minovincine, and 9-methoxyvincamine. Whereas minovincinine and minovincine are known to occur in trace amounts in V. minor, 9-methoxyvincamine represents a novel natural product. Based on the high similarities of vincamine and 9-methoxyvincamine and their inverse changes in concentrations, it is postulated that vincamine is a precursor of 9-methoxyvincamine. Similarly, vincadifformine seems to be converted first to minovincinine and finally to minovincine. Because MeJA treatment greatly altered the alkaloidal composition of V. minor, it could be used as a potential elicitor of alkaloids that are not produced under normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abouzeid
- Institute for Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig , 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University , Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | | | | | - Fatma M Abdel Bar
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University , Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Amer
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University , Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Farid A Badria
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University , Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahdi Yahyazadeh
- Institute for Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig , 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Selmar
- Institute for Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig , 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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12
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Pan Q, Saiman MZ, Mustafa NR, Verpoorte R, Tang K. A simple and rapid HPLC-DAD method for simultaneously monitoring the accumulation of alkaloids and precursors in different parts and different developmental stages of Catharanthus roseus plants. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1014:10-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Yoon JM, Zhao L, Shanks JV. Metabolic engineering with plants for a sustainable biobased economy. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2013; 4:211-37. [PMID: 23540288 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061312-103320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plants are bona fide sustainable organisms because they accumulate carbon and synthesize beneficial metabolites from photosynthesis. To meet the challenges to food security and health threatened by increasing population growth and depletion of nonrenewable natural resources, recent metabolic engineering efforts have shifted from single pathways to holistic approaches with multiple genes owing to integration of omics technologies. Successful engineering of plants results in the high yield of biomass components for primary food sources and biofuel feedstocks, pharmaceuticals, and platform chemicals through synthetic biology and systems biology strategies. Further discovery of undefined biosynthesis pathways in plants, integrative analysis of discrete omics data, and diversified process developments for production of platform chemicals are essential to overcome the hurdles for sustainable production of value-added biomolecules from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Moon Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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14
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Hairy root cultures: A suitable biological system for studying secondary metabolic pathways in plants. Eng Life Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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15
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Verma P, Mathur AK, Srivastava A, Mathur A. Emerging trends in research on spatial and temporal organization of terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway in Catharanthus roseus: a literature update. PROTOPLASMA 2012; 249:255-68. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-011-0291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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16
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De Luca V, Salim V, Levac D, Atsumi SM, Yu F. Discovery and functional analysis of monoterpenoid indole alkaloid pathways in plants. Methods Enzymol 2012; 515:207-29. [PMID: 22999176 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394290-6.00010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous difficulties have been associated with forward genetic approaches to identify, and functionally characterize genes involved in the biosynthesis, regulation, and transport of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs). While the identification of certain classes of genes associated with MIA pathways has facilitated the use of homology-based approaches to clone other genes catalyzing similar reactions in other parts of the pathway, this has not greatly speeded up the pace of gene discovery for the diversity of reactions involved. Compounding this problem has been the lack of knowledge or even availability of certain MIA intermediates that would be required to establish a novel enzyme reaction to functionally identify a biosynthetic step or the candidate gene product involved. The advent of inexpensive sequencing technologies for transcriptome and genome sequencing, combined with proteomics and metabolomics, is now revolutionizing the pace of gene discovery associated with MIA pathways and their regulation. The discovery process uses large databases of genes, proteins, and metabolites from an ever-expanding list of nonmodel plant species competent to produce and accumulate MIAs. Comparative bioinformatics between species, together with gene expression analysis of particular tissue, cell, and developmental types, is helping to identify target genes that can then be investigated for their possible role in an MIA pathway by virus-induced gene silencing. Successful silencing not only confirms the involvement of the candidate gene but also allows identification of the pathway intermediate involved. In many circumstances, the pathway intermediate can be isolated for use as a substrate in order to confirm gene function in heterologous bacterial, yeast, or plant expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo De Luca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
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17
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Giddings LA, Liscombe DK, Hamilton JP, Childs KL, DellaPenna D, Buell CR, O'Connor SE. A stereoselective hydroxylation step of alkaloid biosynthesis by a unique cytochrome P450 in Catharanthus roseus. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:16751-7. [PMID: 21454651 PMCID: PMC3089517 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.225383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cytochrome P450s are involved in the production of over a hundred thousand metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenylpropanoids. Although cytochrome P450 genes constitute one of the largest superfamilies in plants, many of the catalytic functions of the enzymes they encode remain unknown. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of a cytochrome P450 gene in a new subfamily of CYP71, CYP71BJ1, involved in alkaloid biosynthesis. Co-expression analysis of putative cytochrome P450 genes in the Catharanthus roseus transcriptome identified candidate genes with expression profiles similar to known terpene indole alkaloid biosynthetic genes. Screening of these candidate genes by functional expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yielded a unique P450-dependent enzyme that stereoselectively hydroxylates the alkaloids tabersonine and lochnericine at the 19-position of the aspidosperma-type alkaloid scaffold. Tabersonine, which can be converted to either vindoline or 19-O-acetylhörhammericine, represents a branch point in alkaloid biosynthesis. The discovery of CYP71BJ1, which forms part of the pathway leading to 19-O-acetylhörhammericine, will help illuminate how this branch point is controlled in C. roseus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley-Ann Giddings
- From the Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 and
| | - David K. Liscombe
- From the Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 and
| | | | | | - Dean DellaPenna
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | | | - Sarah E. O'Connor
- From the Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 and
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18
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Guedes De Pinho P, Gonçalves RF, Valentão P, Pereira DM, Seabra RM, Andrade PB, Sottomayor M. Volatile composition of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 49:674-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Revised: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Peebles CA, Hughes EH, Shanks JV, San KY. Transcriptional response of the terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway to the overexpression of ORCA3 along with jasmonic acid elicitation of Catharanthus roseus hairy roots over time. Metab Eng 2009; 11:76-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Hisiger S, Jolicoeur M. Plant Cell Culture Monitoring Using an in Situ Multiwavelength Fluorescence Probe. Biotechnol Prog 2008; 21:580-9. [PMID: 15801802 DOI: 10.1021/bp049726f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A multiwavelength fluorescence probe is proposed for in situ monitoring of Eschscholtzia californica and Catharanthus roseus plant cell cultures. The potential of the probe as a tool for real-time estimation of biomass and production in secondary metabolites has been studied. The probe excitation range is 270-550 nm and the emission range is 310-590 nm, with a step of 20 nm for both excitation and emission filters. Many endogenous fluorophores such as NAD(P)H, riboflavins (riboflavin and derivatives such as FMN, FAD), tryptamine and tryptophan, and fluorescent secondary metabolites were analyzed simultaneously. NAD(P)H fluorescence signal (350/450 nm) showed to be an adequate signal for estimating cells activity. Riboflavins fluorescence signal (450/530 nm) followed C. roseus cell concentration both for the growth phase and after elicitation with jasmonic acid. Fluorescence from the alkaloids interfered with NAD(P)H signal during the production phase. For C. roseus, tryptophan, tryptamine, ajmalicine and serpentine were monitored by the probe. For E. californica, fluorescence from alkaloids overlapped with riboflavins preventing from using the probe to follow cell growth but global alkaloids production could be followed using the probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Hisiger
- Development of Metabolic Engineering Tools, Bio-P2, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079 Centre-ville Station, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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21
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Facchini PJ, De Luca V. Opium poppy and Madagascar periwinkle: model non-model systems to investigate alkaloid biosynthesis in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 54:763-84. [PMID: 18476877 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03438.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Alkaloids represent a large and diverse group of compounds that are related by the occurrence of a nitrogen atom within a heterocyclic backbone. Unlike other types of secondary metabolites, the various structural categories of alkaloids are unrelated in terms of biosynthesis and evolution. Although the biology of each group is unique, common patterns have become apparent. Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), which produces several benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, and Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus), which accumulates an array of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, have emerged as the premier organisms used to study plant alkaloid metabolism. The status of these species as model systems results from decades of research on the chemistry, enzymology and molecular biology responsible for the biosynthesis of valuable pharmaceutical alkaloids. Opium poppy remains the only commercial source for morphine, codeine and semi-synthetic analgesics, such as oxycodone, derived from thebaine. Catharanthus roseus is the only source for the anti-cancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. Impressive collections of cDNAs encoding biosynthetic enzymes and regulatory proteins involved in the formation of benzylisoquinoline and monoterpenoid indole alkaloids are now available, and the rate of gene discovery has accelerated with the application of genomics. Such tools have allowed the establishment of models that describe the complex cell biology of alkaloid metabolism in these important medicinal plants. A suite of biotechnological resources, including genetic transformation protocols, has allowed the application of metabolic engineering to modify the alkaloid content of these and related species. An overview of recent progress on benzylisoquinoline and monoterpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis in opium poppy and C. roseus is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Facchini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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22
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Facchini PJ. Regulation of alkaloid biosynthesis in plants. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2007; 63:1-44. [PMID: 17133713 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(06)63001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Facchini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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23
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Hong SB, Peebles CAM, Shanks JV, San KY, Gibson SI. Terpenoid indole alkaloid production by Catharanthus roseus hairy roots induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring rol ABC genes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 93:386-90. [PMID: 16261632 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have established Catharanthus roseus hairy root cultures transgenic for the rol ABC genes from T(L)-DNA of the agropine-type Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4. The rol ABC hairy root lines exhibit a wild-type hairy root syndrome in terms of growth and morphology on solid medium. However, they differ from wild-type hairy root lines in that they more frequently have excellent adaptability to liquid medium and do not appear to form calli during cultivation. Moreover, they do not produce detectable levels of mannopine and agropine which, in contrast, are often synthesized abundantly in wild-type hairy root lines. The absence of these opines does not appear to cause the rol ABC lines to have higher levels of terpenoid indole alkaloids than wild-type hairy root lines. Unlike wild-type lines, rol ABC lines produce very similar levels of total alkaloids despite wide variations in individual alkaloid contents. This work demonstrates that the three genes rol ABC are sufficient to induce high-quality hairy roots in Catharanthus roseus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Beom Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MS-140, 6100 Main St., Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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24
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Rischer H, Orešič M, Seppänen-Laakso T, Katajamaa M, Lammertyn F, Ardiles-Diaz W, Van Montagu MCE, Inzé D, Oksman-Caldentey KM, Goossens A. Gene-to-metabolite networks for terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:5614-9. [PMID: 16565214 PMCID: PMC1459402 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0601027103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rational engineering of complicated metabolic networks involved in the production of biologically active plant compounds has been greatly impeded by our poor understanding of the regulatory and metabolic pathways underlying the biosynthesis of these compounds. Whereas comprehensive genome-wide functional genomics approaches can be successfully applied to analyze a select number of model plants, these holistic approaches are not yet available for the study of nonmodel plants that include most, if not all, medicinal plants. We report here a comprehensive profiling analysis of the Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus), a source of the anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. Genome-wide transcript profiling by cDNA-amplified fragment-length polymorphism combined with metabolic profiling of elicited C. roseus cell cultures yielded a collection of known and previously undescribed transcript tags and metabolites associated with terpenoid indole alkaloids. Previously undescribed gene-to-gene and gene-to-metabolite networks were drawn up by searching for correlations between the expression profiles of 417 gene tags and the accumulation profiles of 178 metabolite peaks. These networks revealed that the different branches of terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis and various other metabolic pathways are subject to differing hormonal regulation. These networks also served to identify a select number of genes and metabolites likely to be involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids. This study provides the basis for a better understanding of periwinkle secondary metabolism and increases the practical potential of metabolic engineering of this important medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Rischer
- *VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, FIN-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Matej Orešič
- *VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, FIN-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Mikko Katajamaa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Tykistökatu 6, FIN-20521, Turku, Finland; and
| | - Freya Lammertyn
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wilson Ardiles-Diaz
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc C. E. Van Montagu
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kirsi-Marja Oksman-Caldentey
- *VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, FIN-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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25
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Hong SB, Peebles CAM, Shanks JV, San KY, Gibson SI. Expression of the Arabidopsis feedback-insensitive anthranilate synthase holoenzyme and tryptophan decarboxylase genes in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots. J Biotechnol 2006; 122:28-38. [PMID: 16188339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2005] [Revised: 07/28/2005] [Accepted: 08/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In plants, the indole pathway provides precursors for a variety of secondary metabolites. In Catharanthus roseus, a decarboxylated derivative of tryptophan, tryptamine, is a building block for the biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids. Previously, we manipulated the indole pathway by introducing an Arabidopsis feedback-insensitive anthranilate synthase (AS) alpha subunit (trp5) cDNA and C. roseus tryptophan decarboxylase gene (TDC) under the control of a glucocorticoid-inducible promoter into C. roseus hairy roots [Hughes, E.H., Hong, S.-B., Gibson, S.I., Shanks, J.V., San, K.-Y. 2004a. Expression of a feedback-resistant anthranilate synthase in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots provides evidence for tight regulation of terpenoid indole alkaloid levels. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 86, 718-727; Hughes, E.H., Hong, S.-B., Gibson, S.I., Shanks, J.V., San, K.-Y. 2004b. Metabolic engineering of the indole pathway in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots and increased accumulation of tryptamine and serpentine. Metabol. Eng. 6, 268-276]. Inducible expression of either or both transgenes did not lead to significant increases in overall alkaloid levels despite the considerable accumulation of tryptophan and tryptamine. In an attempt to more successfully engineer the indole pathway, a wild type Arabidopsis ASbeta subunit (ASB1) cDNA was constitutively expressed along with the inducible expression of trp5 and TDC in C. roseus hairy roots. Transgenic hairy roots expressing both trp5 and ASB1 show a significantly greater resistance to feedback inhibition of AS activity by tryptophan than plants expressing only trp5. In fact, a 4.5-fold higher concentration of tryptophan is required to achieve 50% inhibition of AS activity in plants overexpressing both genes than in plants expressing only trp5. In addition, upon a 3 day induction during the exponential phase, a trp5:ASB1 hairy root line produced 1.8 times more tryptophan (specific yield ca. 3.0 mg g(-1) dry weight) than the trp5 hairy root line. Concurrently, tryptamine levels increase up to 9-fold in the induced trp5:ASB1 line (specific yield ca. 1.9 mg g(-1) dry weight) as compared with only a 4-fold tryptamine increase in the induced trp5 line (specific yield ca. 0.3 mg g(-1) dry weight). However, endogenous TDC activities of both trp5:ASB1 and trp5 lines remain unchanged irrespective of induction. When TDC is ectopically expressed together with trp5 and ASB1, the induced trp5:ASB1:TDC hairy root line accumulates tryptamine up to 14-fold higher than the uninduced line. In parallel with the remarkable accumulation of tryptamine upon induction, alkaloid accumulation levels were significantly changed depending on the duration and dosage of induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Beom Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MS-140, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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26
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O'Connor SE, McCoy E. Terpene Indole Alkaloid Biosynthesis. RECENT ADVANCES IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-9920(06)80035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Murata J, De Luca V. Localization of tabersonine 16-hydroxylase and 16-OH tabersonine-16-O-methyltransferase to leaf epidermal cells defines them as a major site of precursor biosynthesis in the vindoline pathway in Catharanthus roseus. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 44:581-94. [PMID: 16262708 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2005.02557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) produces the well known and remarkably complex anticancer dimeric alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine, which are derived by the coupling of vindoline and catharanthine monomers. Recent data from in situ RNA hybridization and immunolocalization suggest that combinatorial cell factories within the leaf are involved in vindoline biosynthesis. In this study, the cell types responsible for vindoline biosynthesis were identified by laser-capture microdissection/RNA isolation/RT-PCR to show that geraniol hydroxylase, secologanin synthase, tryptophan decarboxylase, strictosidine synthase, strictosidine ss-glucosidase and tabersonine 16-hydroxylase can be detected preferentially in epidermal cells. A new and complementary application of the carborundum abrasion (CA) technique was developed to obtain epidermis-enriched leaf extracts that can be used to measure alkaloid metabolite levels, enzyme activities and gene expression. The CA technique showed that tabersonine and 16-methoxytabersonine, together with 16-hydroxytabersonine-16-O-methyltransferase, are found predominantly in Catharanthus leaf epidermis, in contrast to vindoline, catharanthine and later enzymatic steps in vindoline biosynthesis. The results show that leaf epidermal cells are biosynthetically competent to produce tryptamine and secologanin precursors that are converted via many enzymatic transformations to make 16-methoxytabersonine. This alkaloid or its 2,3 dihydro-derivative is then transported to cells (mesophyll/idioblast/laticifer) within Catharanthus leaves to complete the last three or four enzymatic transformations to make vindoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Murata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St Catharines, Ontario, L2S3A1 Canada
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Kanho H, Yaoya S, Kawahara N, Nakane T, Takase Y, Masuda K, Kuroyanagi M. Biotransformation of benzaldehyde-type and acetophenone-type derivatives by Pharbitis nil hairy roots. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2005; 53:361-5. [PMID: 15802832 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.53.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The glucosylation of some coumarin and flavone derivatives on incubation with the hairy roots of morning glory (Pharbitis nil) was previously reported. We further studied the biotransformation of benzaldehyde- and acetophenone-type derivatives. Vanillin and isovanillin were reduced to alcoholic derivatives and glucosylated at the phenolic and the alcoholic hydroxyl groups. In the case of 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, the formyl group was reduced and the 3-hydroxyl or 4-hydroxyl groups were glucosylated to give monoglucosides. The 3-hydroxyl group was predominantly glucosylated to the 4-hydroxyl group. 4-beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy-3-methoxybenzylalcohol was obtained in low yield. In time-course experiments with vanillin, it was found that the high-level reduction of the formyl group and glucosylation of the phenolic hydroxyl group occurred, and finally 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylvanillylalcohol was obtained as the main product. In the case of 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, and salicylaldehyde, the formyl groups were reduced, and then the hydroxyl groups at the benyl position were glucosylated to give alcoholic glucosides in relatively high yields. In 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone, the 4-hydroxyl group was glucosylated and two dimerized glucosides, biphenyl and biphenylether types, were obtained in low yields. In acetophenone, 1-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-1-phenylethane and 2-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxyacetophenone were obtained. As mentioned above P. nil hairy roots showed various biotransformative activities including glucosylation of phenolic and benzylic hydroxyl groups, reduction of the formyl group near the benzene ring, and phenol oxidation dimerization. The glucosylation reaction was especially interesting for the production of valuable glucosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kanho
- School of Bioresources, Hiroshima Prefectural University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Suresh B, Ravishankar GA. Methyl jasmonate modulated biotransformation of phenylpropanoids to vanillin related metabolites using Capsicum frutescens root cultures. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2005; 43:125-31. [PMID: 15820659 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2005.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2004] [Accepted: 01/03/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Normal root cultures of Capsicum frutescens biotransform externally fed precursors, like caffeic acid and veratraldehyde, to vanillin and other related metabolites. The bioconversion of caffeic acid to further metabolites--viz. vanillin, vanillylamine, vanillic acid--was shown to be elicited by treating the cultures with 10 microM methyl jasmonate (MJ). Root cultures treated with MJ accumulated (1.93 times) more of vanillin (20.2 microM on day-3) than untreated ones. A concomitant increase in enzymatic activity of caffeic acid O-methyl transferase (CAOMT, EC 2.1.1.68) was obtained in MJ treated cultures, compared to untreated cultures. After 24 h of MJ treatment, a 13.7-fold increase in CAOMT activity was recorded in root cultures of C. frutescens. Cultures treated with veratraldehyde accumulated more vanillin (78 microM) than caffeic acid fed cultures, 6 days after precursor addition. Capsaicin did not accumulate even after addition of precursors. The efficiencies of biotransformation with caffeic acid and veratraldehyde were 2.2% and 9% with respect to vanillin formation, indicating a possible diversion of the phenylpropanoid pathway towards other secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Suresh
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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