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Three Dimensional Printing of Multiscale Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites Containing Graphene or Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12122064. [PMID: 35745401 PMCID: PMC9227618 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing offers a promising, challenging opportunity to manufacture component parts with ad hoc designed composite materials. In this study, the novelty of the research is the production of multiscale composites by means of a solvent-free process based on melt compounding of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), with various amounts of microfillers, i.e., milled (M) carbon fibers (CFs) and nanofillers, i.e., carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). The compounded materials were processed into compression molded sheets and into extruded filaments. The latter were then used to print fused filament fabrication (FFF) specimens. The multiscale addition of the microfillers inside the ABS matrix caused a notable increase in rigidity and a slight increase in strength. However, it also brought about a significant reduction of the strain at break. Importantly, GNPs addition had a good impact on the rigidity of the materials, whereas CNTs favored/improved the composites' electrical conductivity. In particular, the addition of this nanofiller was very effective in improving the electrical conductivity compared to pure ABS and micro composites, even with the lowest CNT content. However, the filament extrusion and FFF process led to the creation of voids within the structure, causing a significant loss of mechanical properties and a slight improvement of the electrical conductivity of the printed multiscale composites. Selective parameters have been presented for the comparison and selection of compositions of multiscale nanocomposites.
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2
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Dependence of the Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Structure of Polyurethane-Clay Nanocomposites on the Weight Fraction of Clay. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs6060173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The effect of clay and chemical cross-linking on the dynamic mechanical properties of polyurethane reinforced with different concentrations of organically modified montmorillonite clay is investigated in this study. The polyurethane matrix is constituted of polytetrahydrofuran soft segment and 4,4′-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) hard segment. Glycerin was used as the chemical crosslinking agent, while Cloisite 30B clay was the reinforcing filler. The nanocomposites containing up to 1 wt.% clay showed a uniform dispersion of clay; however, the nanocomposites containing higher concentrations of clay showed the presence of heterogeneities. Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, DMS revealed that the nanocomposites containing between 2 and 10 wt.% clay had two glass transition temperatures, Tg,1 and Tg,2. The higher-temperature glass transition temperature, Tg,2 increased with increasing clay concentration, while the low-temperature glass transition temperature, Tg,1 decreased with increasing clay concentration. The nanocomposites containing low clay concentrations up to 1 wt.% showed only one glass transition temperature with a narrow glass transition region. The crosslink density for the nanocomposites increased with increasing wt.% clay.
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3
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Stress Dependency of Creep Response for Glass/Epoxy Composite at Nonlinear and Linear Viscoelastic Behavior. INT J POLYM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9733138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This research is aimed at comparing the stress dependency of creep viscoelastic behavior for glass/epoxy composite and neat epoxy close to the glass transition temperature and room temperature. Long-term creep performance of quasi-unidirectional composites and quasi-isotropic stacking sequence composites is modeled based on the time-stress superposition principle (TSSP). Linearity and nonlinearity of viscoelastic behavior and stress-dependence correlations were investigated for quasi-isotropic stacking sequence composite at 25°C and 50°C (near the glass transition temperature). Stress dependency of creep stages (primary, secondary, and tertiary) of neat epoxy was evaluated at this range of temperature. The prediction results of composite at room temperature show that the raising of the stress levels leads to the acceleration of viscoelastic strain values, but the creep compliance does not present any dependency. Besides, the reduction of viscoelastic ability is realized by measuring less amount of creep compliance at higher stress level in the glass transition temperature. These observations confirmed the linearity and nonlinearity of viscoelastic behavior at room and glass transition temperature, respectively. Similar results of neat epoxy revealed that the increase in the stress level accelerates the strain values at room temperature and decreases the creep resistance at glass transition temperature. Failure morphologies of epoxy sample fractured at room temperature are included scarp, cusp, and river line; however, close to the glass transition temperature, more expansive mirror zones appeared. Fiber architecture significantly affected the secondary stage regime by providing load-bearing ability. Thereby, creep rate reduction and enhancement of creep lifetime and creep resistance would be reported using unidirectional reinforcing in contrast to those of the multilayer sequence one.
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An Investigative Study on the Progress of Nanoclay-Reinforced Polymers: Preparation, Properties, and Applications: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244401. [PMID: 34960959 PMCID: PMC8704753 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoclay-reinforced polymers have attracted considerable universal attention in academic and industrial research due to their outstanding properties and their ever-expanding utilization in diversified applications. In that regard, in the present review, the structure of layered silicate clay, as well as procedures for clay material modification, are outlined. We also discuss the general characterization techniques, synthesis methods, and various properties of polymer-clay nanocomposites (PCNs), and some examples likewise are depicted from the scientific literature. The study's primary goal is to provide an up-to-date survey of polymer-clay nanocomposites and their specific applications in industries such as automotive, flame-retardant, and biomedical applications, coating, and packaging.
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Bencharki M, Rondot S, Tara A, Jbara O, Berzin F. Electrical and mechanical properties of partially bio‐based PP/PBS blends nanocomposites elaborated by twin‐screw extrusion. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mouhja Bencharki
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne Laboratoire Matériaux et Ingénierie Mécanique MATIM – UFR Sciences Reims Cedex 2 France
| | - Sébastien Rondot
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne Laboratoire Matériaux et Ingénierie Mécanique MATIM – UFR Sciences Reims Cedex 2 France
| | - Ahmed Tara
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne Laboratoire Matériaux et Ingénierie Mécanique MATIM – UFR Sciences Reims Cedex 2 France
| | - Omar Jbara
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne Laboratoire Matériaux et Ingénierie Mécanique MATIM – UFR Sciences Reims Cedex 2 France
| | - Françoise Berzin
- UMR FARE INRA URCA 2 Esplanade Roland Garros Reims Cedex 2 France
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6
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Soudmand BH, Shelesh‐Nezhad K, Salimi Y. A combined differential scanning calorimetry‐dynamic mechanical thermal analysis approach for the estimation of constrained phases in thermoplastic polymer nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Behzad H. Soudmand
- Division of Plastics and Composites Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Karim Shelesh‐Nezhad
- Division of Plastics and Composites Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Yaghob Salimi
- Division of Plastics and Composites Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
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7
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Preparation and characterization of boronic acid- functionalized halloysite nanotube/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Aït Hocine N, Médéric P, Hassan H. Influence of mixing energy on the solid-state behavior and clay fraction threshold of PA12/C30B ® nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2018-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study focuses on the influence of mixing energy on the solid-state behavior and clay fraction threshold of nanocomposites. Thus, three polyamide12/clay (PA12/C30B®) nanocomposites exhibiting different nanostructures were prepared from three sets of processing conditions. Then, thermal and dynamical viscoelastic properties of these nanocomposites were analyzed, in relationship with the material nanostructure and processing conditions. For the first time, the solid-state properties of the nanocomposites revealed the existence of a critical specific mixing mechanical energy. Below this critical value, an increase of mechanical energy refines the structure, improving some end-use properties of the nanocomposite. Above this value, a high mixing energy supply is necessary in order to significantly modify the structure. They also highlighted that the clay fraction threshold, which is commonly attributed to the formation of a three-dimensional percolated network, decreases with increasing specific mixing energy, less significantly when this energy is superior to its critical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourredine Aït Hocine
- INSA CVL, Université de Tours, Université d’Orléans, LaMé , 3 rue de la Chocolaterie, BP 3410 , 41034 Blois Cedex , France
| | - Pascal Médéric
- IRDL, CNRS-UMR 6027, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, CS 93837 , 29238 Brest Cedex 3 , France
| | - Hanaya Hassan
- INSA CVL, Université de Tours, Université d’Orléans, LaMé , 3 rue de la Chocolaterie, BP 3410 , 41034 Blois Cedex , France
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9
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Gohari DP, Kalaee MR, Sharif A. Interfacial In Situ Polymerization of Layered-Silicate/Poly (Hexamethylene Isophthalamide) Nanocomposites. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-019-01088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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The Influence of Nanoclay on the Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Performance of Recycled Carpet Composites. RECYCLING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/recycling4020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we recycled waste carpet using a vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. Three different variations of carpet composites were fabricated, namely, neat epoxy, clay-coated, and clay-infused carpet composites. The carpet composite samples were degraded hygrothermally as well as under a cyclic UV condensation condition. Presence of clay was shown to impede the moisture absorption and UV degradation in the carpet composites. Flexural properties also showed that the presence of clay slows the degradation process of the composites. The flame retardancy result indicated that the presence of clay in the polymer network decreases the ignition time of the carpet composites.
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11
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Nomula SSR, Rathore DK, Ray BC, Prusty RK. Creep performance of CNT reinforced glass fiber/epoxy composites: Roles of temperature and stress. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Seetha Ram Nomula
- Composite Materials Group, Department of Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringNational Institute of Technology Rourkela 769008 India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Rathore
- School of Mechanical EngineeringKIIT Deemed to be University Bhubaneswar 751024 India
| | - Bankim Chandra Ray
- Composite Materials Group, Department of Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringNational Institute of Technology Rourkela 769008 India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Prusty
- Composite Materials Group, Department of Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringNational Institute of Technology Rourkela 769008 India
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12
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Dorigato A, Pegoretti A. Novel electroactive polyamide 12 based nanocomposites filled with reduced graphene oxide. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Dorigato
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit; University of Trento; Via Sommarive 9, Trento, 38123 Italy
| | - A. Pegoretti
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit; University of Trento; Via Sommarive 9, Trento, 38123 Italy
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13
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Biduski B, Evangelho JAD, Silva FTD, de Mello. El Halal SL, Takimi AS, Carreño NLV, Dias ARG, Zavareze EDR. Physicochemical properties of nanocomposite films made from sorghum-oxidized starch and nanoclay. STARCH-STARKE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201700079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Biduski
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial; Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Pelotas RS Brazil
| | | | - Francine Tavares da Silva
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial; Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Pelotas RS Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Alvaro Renato Guerra Dias
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial; Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Pelotas RS Brazil
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14
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Dorigato A, Brugnara M, Pegoretti A. Novel polyamide 12 based nanocomposites for industrial applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-017-1257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Dorigato A, Brugnara M, Pegoretti A. Synergistic effects of carbon black and carbon nanotubes on the electrical resistivity of poly(butylene-terephthalate) nanocomposites. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dorigato
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit; University of Trento; Trento Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Pegoretti
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit; University of Trento; Trento Italy
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16
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Zarrini K, Rahimi AA, Alihosseini F, Fashandi H. Highly efficient dye adsorbent based on polyaniline-coated nylon-6 nanofibers. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2017; 142:3645-3654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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17
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Sharma A, Rawat K, Solanki PR, Bohidar HB. Surface patch binding-induced exfoliation of nanoclays and enhancement of physical properties of gelatin organogels. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Sharma
- School of Physical Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
- Special Centre for Nanosciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
| | - Kamla Rawat
- Special Centre for Nanosciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
- Inter University Accelerator Centre; New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Pratima R Solanki
- Special Centre for Nanosciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
| | - Himadri B Bohidar
- School of Physical Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
- Special Centre for Nanosciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
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18
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Polyaniline–graphene oxide nanocomposite sensor for quantification of calcium channel blocker levamlodipine. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 65:205-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Hosseinabadi HG, Khederlou K, Payandehpeyman J, Bagheri R. On variations of the interphase thickness and the slope of strengthening by clay addition in exfoliated polymer-clay nanocomposites. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Gooneie A, Schuschnigg S, Holzer C. Dissipative Particle Dynamics Models of Orientation of Weakly-Interacting Anisometric Silicate Particles in Polymer Melts under Shear Flow: Comparison with the Standard Orientation Models. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201500086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gooneie
- Chair of Polymer Processing; Department of Polymer Engineering and Science; Montanuniversität Leoben; Otto Glöckel-Straße 2 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - Stephan Schuschnigg
- Chair of Polymer Processing; Department of Polymer Engineering and Science; Montanuniversität Leoben; Otto Glöckel-Straße 2 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - Clemens Holzer
- Chair of Polymer Processing; Department of Polymer Engineering and Science; Montanuniversität Leoben; Otto Glöckel-Straße 2 8700 Leoben Austria
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21
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Effect of constrained amorphous region on properties of acid–base polyelectrolyte membranes based on sulphonated poly(ether ether ketone) and a nonconjugated diamine. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Imogolite Polymer Nanocomposites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-100293-3.00024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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23
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Rath SK, Sudarshan K, Bhavsar RS, Kharul UK, Pujari PK, Patri M, Khakhar DV. Characterizing the nanoclay induced constrained amorphous region in model segmented polyurethane–urea/clay nanocomposites and its implications on gas barrier properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:1487-99. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05260b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AFM images of the segmented PU/clay nanocomposite with labeling of various phases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathi Sudarshan
- Radiochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400085
- India
| | - Rupesh S. Bhavsar
- Polymer Science & Engineering Division
- National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
| | - Ulhas K. Kharul
- Polymer Science & Engineering Division
- National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
| | - Pradeep K. Pujari
- Radiochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400085
- India
| | | | - Devang V. Khakhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Mumbai
- India
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24
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Khan AN, Hayder A, Chaung WT, Hong PD. Glass transition behavior of poly(trimethylene 2,6-naphthalate) in nanoclay confinement. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x15060127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Sharma SK, Prakash J, Sudarshan K, Sen D, Mazumder S, Pujari PK. Structure at Interphase of Poly(vinyl alcohol)–SiC Nanofiber Composite and Its Impact on Mechanical Properties: Positron Annihilation and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Studies. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Sharma
- Radiochemistry
Division, ‡Powder Metallurgy Division, and §Solid State Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - J. Prakash
- Radiochemistry
Division, ‡Powder Metallurgy Division, and §Solid State Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - K. Sudarshan
- Radiochemistry
Division, ‡Powder Metallurgy Division, and §Solid State Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - D. Sen
- Radiochemistry
Division, ‡Powder Metallurgy Division, and §Solid State Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - S. Mazumder
- Radiochemistry
Division, ‡Powder Metallurgy Division, and §Solid State Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - P. K. Pujari
- Radiochemistry
Division, ‡Powder Metallurgy Division, and §Solid State Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
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26
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Nawani P, Burger C, Rong L, Hsiao BS, Tsou AH. Structure and permeability relationships in polymer nanocomposites containing carbon black and organoclay. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Du F, Yousfi M, Lipnik P, Sclavons M, Soulestin J. Using water to modify the localization of clay in immiscible polymer blends. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12594d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The injection of water during melt blending modified the localization of clay in immiscible polymer blends from one phase to the other and improved their dispersion state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Du
- Department of Polymer and Composite Technology & Mechanical Engineering
- Mines Douai
- F-59508 Douai Cedex
- France
| | - Mohamed Yousfi
- Department of Polymer and Composite Technology & Mechanical Engineering
- Mines Douai
- F-59508 Douai Cedex
- France
| | - Pascale Lipnik
- Bio- and Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences
- Université Catholique de Louvain
- B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Michel Sclavons
- Bio- and Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences
- Université Catholique de Louvain
- B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Jérémie Soulestin
- Department of Polymer and Composite Technology & Mechanical Engineering
- Mines Douai
- F-59508 Douai Cedex
- France
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28
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Rath SK, Aswal VK, Sharma C, Joshi K, Patri M, Harikrishnan G, Khakhar DV. Mechanistic origins of multi-scale reinforcements in segmented polyurethane-clay nanocomposites. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Chirayil CJ, Mathew L, Hassan P, Mozetic M, Thomas S. Rheological behaviour of nanocellulose reinforced unsaturated polyester nanocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 69:274-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Vegetable oil derived solvent, and catalyst free "click chemistry" thermoplastic polytriazoles. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:792901. [PMID: 25032224 PMCID: PMC4085725 DOI: 10.1155/2014/792901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Azide-alkyne Huisgen “click” chemistry provides new synthetic routes for making thermoplastic polytriazole polymers—without solvent or catalyst. This method was used to polymerize three diester dialkyne monomers with a lipid derived 18 carbon diazide to produce a series of polymers (labelled C18C18, C18C9, and C18C4 based on monomer chain lengths) free of residual solvent and catalyst. Three diester dialkyne monomers were synthesized with ester chain lengths of 4, 9, and 18 carbons from renewable sources. Significant differences in thermal and mechanical properties were observed between C18C9 and the two other polymers. C18C9 presented a lower melting temperature, higher elongation at break, and reduced Young's modulus compared to C18C4 and C18C18. This was due to the “odd-even” effect induced by the number of carbon atoms in the monomers which resulted in orientation of the ester linkages of C18C9 in the same direction, thereby reducing hydrogen bonding. The thermoplastic polytriazoles presented are novel polymers derived from vegetable oil with favourable mechanical and thermal properties suitable for a large range of applications where no residual solvent or catalyst can be tolerated. Their added potential biocompatibility and biodegradability make them ideal for applications in the medical and pharmaceutical industries.
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31
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Evaluation of polyamide composite casings with silver–zinc crystals for sausages packaging. Food Packag Shelf Life 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Preparation and characterization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) incorporated with secondary-modified montmorillonite. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-014-0220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Preparation and characterization of polyhydroxybutyrate/polycaprolactone nanocomposites. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:572726. [PMID: 24600329 PMCID: PMC3926308 DOI: 10.1155/2014/572726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)/polycaprolactone (PCL)/stearate Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposites were prepared via solution casting intercalation method. Coprecipitation method was used to prepare the anionic clay Mg-Al LDH from nitrate salt solution. Modification of nitrate anions by stearate anions between the LDH layers via ion exchange reaction. FTIR spectra showed the presence of carboxylic acid (COOH) group which indicates that stearate anions were successfully intercalated into the Mg-Al LDH. The formation of nanocomposites only involves physical interaction as there are no new functional groups or new bonding formed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the mixtures of nanocomposites are intercalated and exfoliated types. XRD results showed increasing of basal spacing from 8.66 to 32.97 Å in modified stearate Mg-Al LDH, and TEM results revealed that the stearate Mg-Al LDH layers are homogeneously distributed in the PHB/PCL polymer blends matrix. Enhancement in 300% elongation at break and 66% tensile strength in the presence of 1.0 wt % of the stearate Mg-Al LDH as compare with PHB/PCL blends. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) proved that clay improves compatibility between polymer matrix and the best ratio 80PHB/20PCL/1stearate Mg-Al LDH surface is well dispersed and stretched before it breaks.
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Soleimani A, Drappel S, Carlini R, Goredema A, Gillies ER. Structure–Property Relationships for a Series of Poly(ester amide)s Containing Amino Acids. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4035219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Drappel
- Xerox Research Center of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Canada L5K 2L1
| | - Rina Carlini
- Xerox Research Center of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Canada L5K 2L1
| | - Adela Goredema
- Xerox Research Center of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Canada L5K 2L1
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35
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Bindu P, Thomas S. Viscoelastic behavior and reinforcement mechanism in rubber nanocomposites in the vicinity of spherical nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:12632-48. [PMID: 24090199 DOI: 10.1021/jp4039489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The viscoelastic behavior and reinforcement mechanism of nano ZnO reinforced natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites were investigated in this study. Dynamic mechanical analysis was performed to investigate the nature of the constrained polymer region in NR-nano ZnO nanocomposites, and the constrained polymer region is responsible for the reinforcement mechanism. The viscoelastic and tensile properties of NR nanocomposites were investigated with respect to the effect of nanofiller loading. All the nanocomposites showed a significant increase in storage modulus in the glassy and rubbery regions, the shift of the tan δ peak to the higher temperature region, and the lowering of the tan δ peak intensity compared to neat NR. The enhancement in the modulus is related to the weight % of the added nano ZnO as well as the volume of the constrained rubber chains in the proximity of ZnO nanoparticles. The study of the constrained volume of the polymer indicates that the structure of the nanocomposite possesses a moderately strong interfacial interaction between rubber chains and ZnO nanoparticles. The type of rubber-nanofiller interaction strongly influences the amount and modulus of the constrained region and contributes to the enhancement in the storage modulus of the resulting nanocomposites. The volume fraction of the constrained region of the NR nanocomposites was found to have good linear correlation with the weight % of nano ZnO. It was also understood that there should exist an optimum cross-linking density for a certain nanofiller reinforced rubber system, as well as partial physical adsorption of macromolecular rubber chains on the nanofiller surface. An optimum nanofiller loading is necessary for moderately strong rubber-nanofiller interaction and hence for the enhancement in the mechanical properties of the NR nanocomposites. A core-shell morphology model and constrained polymer model have been proposed to explain the constrained polymer chains in the NR-nano ZnO nanocomposite system on the basis of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bindu
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University , Priyadarshini Hills P.O, Kottayam, Kerala, India 686 560
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36
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Alateyah AI, Dhakal HN, Zhang ZY. Processing, Properties, and Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites Based on Layer Silicates: A Review. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. I. Alateyah
- Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Advanced Polymer and Composites Research Group; School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth PO1 3DJ UK
| | - H. N. Dhakal
- Advanced Polymer and Composites Research Group; School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth PO1 3DJ UK
| | - Z. Y. Zhang
- Advanced Polymer and Composites Research Group; School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth PO1 3DJ UK
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37
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Findenig G, Kargl R, Stana-Kleinschek K, Ribitsch V. Interaction and structure in polyelectrolyte/clay multilayers: a QCM-D study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:8544-8553. [PMID: 23799242 DOI: 10.1021/la400880a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the investigation of the influence of the ionic strength on the internal structure, film forming behavior, and swelling properties of polyelectrolyte/clay multilayers. Layer-by-layer films were prepared with three different polyelectrolytes [polyethylenimine (PEI), polydiallyldimethylammoniumchloride (pDADMAC), and 2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium propyl chloride starch (HPMA starch)] in combination with laponite clay platelets on three different surfaces. All experiments were carried out at two different ionic strengths (30 mM or 500 mM NaCl). The experiments performed with strong polyelectrolytes revealed a higher film thickness and adsorbed masses of clay and polyelectrolyte at 500 mM NaCl. The films containing PEI showed different behavior and were considerably less sensitive to changes in the ionic strength. This was also reflected by the swelling behavior as demonstrated by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) measurements. Films comprising PEI showed, in contrast to the other polyelectrolytes, much lower swelling in water leading to more compact and stable films in humid environments which is important for numerous applications of LbL clay coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Findenig
- Division of Surface and Interface Science, Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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38
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Peng P, Yang Z, Wu M, Zhang Q, Chen G. Effect of montmorillonoite modification and maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene on the microstructure and mechanical properties of polypropylene/montmorillonoite nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources; Department of Material and Chemistry; China University of Geosciences; Wuhan; Hubei; 430074; China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources; Department of Material and Chemistry; China University of Geosciences; Wuhan; Hubei; 430074; China
| | - Minghu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources; Department of Material and Chemistry; China University of Geosciences; Wuhan; Hubei; 430074; China
| | - Qiaolian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources; Department of Material and Chemistry; China University of Geosciences; Wuhan; Hubei; 430074; China
| | - Gang Chen
- Zhejiang San Ding Technology Co. Ltd.; Shaoxing; Zhejiang; 312071; China
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39
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Zeinolebadi A, Stribeck N, Vuluga Z, Schloen C, Botta S, Sari MG. SAXS investigation of structure-property relationship of polypropylene/montmorillonite composites during load cycling. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Zeinolebadi
- Institute TMC, Department of Chemistry; University of Hamburg; Bundesstr. 45; 20146; Hamburg; Germany
| | - Norbert Stribeck
- Institute TMC, Department of Chemistry; University of Hamburg; Bundesstr. 45; 20146; Hamburg; Germany
| | - Zina Vuluga
- National Research and Development Institute; Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM; Bucharest; Romania
| | - Christoph Schloen
- Institute TMC, Department of Chemistry; University of Hamburg; Bundesstr. 45; 20146; Hamburg; Germany
| | - Stephan Botta
- HASYLAB at DESY; Notkestr. 85; D-22603; Hamburg; Germany
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40
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Calò E, Massaro C, Terzi R, Cancellara A, Pesce E, Re M, Greco A, Maffezzoli A, Gonzalez-Chi PI, Salomi A. Rotational Molding of Polyamide-6 Nanocomposites with Improved Flame Retardancy. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop polyamide-6/ organic-modified montmorillonite (omMMT) nanocomposites for the production of hollow parts by rotational molding. Particular emphasis was placed on the mechanical and flame retardancy properties needed for the fabrication of vessels for flammable liquids. The morphology of the melt compounded nanocomposites, produced by melt compounding, was investigated by X-ray diffraction measurements (WAXD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) showed an exfoliated structure. Rheological measurements were used in order to verify whether the viscosity of materials was adequate for rotational molding. While thermomechanical analysis has revealed that neat PA6 and its nanocomposites were not suitable for rotational molding, due to the very low thermal stability of the polymer, the addition of a thermal stabilizer, shifted the onset of degradation to higher temperatures, thus widening the processing window of both PA6 and PA6 nanocomposites. Large-scale vessel prototypes were obtained by rotational molding of thermo-stabilized PA6 and its nanocomposites, and samples extracted from the rotomolded parts were characterized with respect to physical and mechanical properties. It was found that the PA6 nanocomposites exhibited significant improvements at cone calorimeter tests in comparison with neat PA6.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Calò
- ENEA – Department of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials, Brindisi Research Centre, Brindisi, Italy
| | - C. Massaro
- ENEA – Department of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials, Brindisi Research Centre, Brindisi, Italy
| | - R. Terzi
- ENEA – Department of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials, Brindisi Research Centre, Brindisi, Italy
| | - A. Cancellara
- ENEA – Department of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials, Brindisi Research Centre, Brindisi, Italy
| | - E. Pesce
- ENEA – Department of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials, Brindisi Research Centre, Brindisi, Italy
| | - M. Re
- ENEA – Department of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials, Brindisi Research Centre, Brindisi, Italy
| | - A. Greco
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - A. Maffezzoli
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - P. I. Gonzalez-Chi
- Centro de Investigacionn Cientifica de Yucatan, Unidad de Materiales, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
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Varamesh A, Abdollahi M, Khanli HH. Structure and properties of NR/BR blend/clay nanocomposites prepared by the latex method. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x13020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Salah HBH, Daly HB, Denault J, Perrin F. Morphological aspects of injected polypropylene/clay nanocomposite materials. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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43
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44
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Gong J, Gong W, Gong Z, Gao S, Wang B. Investigation of free volume distribution and mechanical properties of rectorite/nylon 6 nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Sadek EM, El-Nashar DE. Preparation and characterization of nitrile butadiene rubber-nanoclay composites with maleic acid anhydride as compatibilizer. Part I. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008312448405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)-nanoclay composites have been prepared. Maleic acid anhydride-treated organoclay (MOC) was synthesized and utilized as a compatibilizer. The prepared clay structures were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, the FTIR investigation confirmed the incorporation of (MOC) in the NBR matrix, X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that an exfoliated structure was obtained, and scanning electron microscope images displayed the good interaction between the MOC and the rubber matrix. The influence of the MOC content (i.e. 1, 3, 5, 10, 20 phr) relative to the micrometer clay (i.e. 10, 20 phr) on the NBR compounds was analyzed through rheometric and swelling characteristics. The rheometric study demonstrated an increase in minimum and maximum torques, delayed scorch time and optimum cure time for the MOC (3 phr)-incorporated NBR compound compared to pure NBR. The cure rate index followed the same trend. In addition, these particular compounds showed decreased equilibrium swelling in toluene solvent, increased crosslinking density, a greater volume fraction and bound rubber content compared to the corresponding rubber filled with micrometer clay.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. M. Sadek
- Petrochemical Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - D. E. El-Nashar
- Polymer & Pigment Department, National Research Center (NRC), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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46
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Keledi G, Hári J, Pukánszky B. Polymer nanocomposites: structure, interaction, and functionality. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:1919-1938. [PMID: 22349033 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr11442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This feature article discusses the main factors determining the properties of polymer nanocomposites with special attention paid to structure and interactions. Usually more complicated structure develops in nanocomposites than in traditional particulate filled polymers, and that is especially valid for composites prepared from plate-like nanofillers. Besides the usually assumed exfoliated/intercalated morphology, i.e. individual platelets and tactoids, such nanocomposites often contain large particles, and a network structure developing at large extent of exfoliation. Aggregation and orientation are the most important structural phenomena in nanotube or nanofiber reinforced composites, and ag-gregation is a major problem also in composites prepared with spherical particles. The surface characteristics of nanofillers and interactions are rarely determined or known; the related problems are discussed in the paper in detail. The surface of these reinforcements is modified practically always. The goal of the modification is to improve dispersion and/or adhesion in nanotube and spherical particle reinforced composites, and to help exfoliation in nanocomposites containing platelets. However, modification decreases surface energy often leading to decreased interaction with the matrix. Very limited information exists about interphase formation and the properties of the interphase in nanocomposites, although they must influence properties considerably. The properties of nanocomposites are usually far from the expectations, the main reason being insufficient homogeneity, undefined structure and improper adhesion. In spite of considerable difficulties nanocomposites have great potentials especially in functional applications. Several nanocomposite products are already used in industrial practice demonstrated by a few examples in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Keledi
- Laboratory of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
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47
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Gargalaka J, Couto RAA, Constantino VRL, Toma HE, Araki K. Influence of the relative amounts of crystalline and amorphous phases on the mechanical properties of polyamide-6 nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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48
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Qiu Z, Zhang J, Huang C, Niu Y, Yang K, Wang Y. The influence of the surface character of the clays on the properties of poly(
p
‐dioxanone)/fibrous clay nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Cheng Qiu
- Center for Degradable and Flame‐Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCEPM‐MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco‐Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing‐Jing Zhang
- Center for Degradable and Flame‐Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCEPM‐MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco‐Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai‐Li Huang
- Center for Degradable and Flame‐Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCEPM‐MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco‐Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Niu
- Center for Degradable and Flame‐Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCEPM‐MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco‐Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke‐Ke Yang
- Center for Degradable and Flame‐Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCEPM‐MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco‐Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu‐Zhong Wang
- Center for Degradable and Flame‐Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCEPM‐MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco‐Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
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49
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Novel epoxidized natural rubber toughened polyamide 6/halloysite nanotubes nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-011-9749-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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50
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Abdollahi M, Khanli HH, Aalaie J, Yousefi MR. Structure and properties of natural rubber/butadiene rubber (NR/BR) blend/sodium-montmorillonite nanocomposites prepared via a combined latex/melt intercalation method. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x11120091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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