1
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Jiang Q, Liu X, Wang W, Chen Y, Yu M. Metal-free direct C-6-H alkylation of purines and purine nucleosides enabled by oxidative homolysis of 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines at room temperature. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1744-1754. [PMID: 36723234 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02070j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the application of 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs), which are easily prepared from inexpensive aldehydes in one step, for the direct site-specific C-H alkylation of purines and purine nucleosides. Despite there being three active C(sp2)-H bonds (C-2-H, C-6-H, and C-8-H) in the structure, the reactions still show high regioselectivity at the purinyl C-6-H position. Importantly, the reactions successfully avoid the use of transition metal catalysts and additional acids. Meanwhile, the protocols are not sensitive to moisture and require only persulfate as an oxidant. Besides, this method displays broad functional group compatibility and is easy to scale up. Notably, pharmaceutical purines, e.g. the natural product 6-hydroxymethyl nebularine isolated from basidiomycetes, can be smoothly prepared using this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
| | - Xiguang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
| | - Weili Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
| | - Yiwen Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
| | - Mingwu Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
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2
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Yu M, Jiang Q, Liu X, Chen Y, Sun K, Tian M, Wang W. Regiospecificity C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Bond Construction between Purines and Alkenes to Synthesize C 6-Alkylpurines and Purine Nucleosides Using O 2 as the Oxidant. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1411-1423. [PMID: 36634372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A highly site-selective and Markovnikov-type radical C6-H alkylation of purines with alkenes is achieved, allowing fast construction of the C(sp2)-C(sp3) bond at the C-6-position of purines and purine nucleosides using O2 as a green oxidant and alkenes as cheap alkylation reagents. The route was also a radical route to synthesize C6-alkyl-N7-substituted purines with potential steric hindrance between C6-alkyl groups and N7-substituted groups. This reaction is easily scaled up and has excellent functional group compatibility and broad substrate scopes. Moreover, the unstable intermediate was also separated, which was the key evidence for the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwu Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Xiguang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Kai Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264025, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Miao Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264025, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Weili Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
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3
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Shoji T, Fukushima K, Menjo T, Yamada Y, Hanasaki T, Kikushima K, Takenaga N, Dohi T. Triflimide-Promoted Nucleophilic C-Arylation of Halopurines to Access N 7-Substituted Purine Biaryls. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:886-891. [PMID: 34148910 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized nucleobases are utilized in a wide range of fields; therefore, the development of new synthesis methods is essential for their continued application. With respect to the C6-arylation of halopurines, which possess a substituent at the N7-position, only a small number of successful cases have been reported, which is predominately a result of large steric hinderance effects. Herein, we report efficient and metal-free C6-arylations and SNAr reactions of N7-substituted chloropurines in aromatic and heteroatom nucleophiles promoted by triflimide (Tf2NH) in fluoroalcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kosuke Fukushima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Takayuki Menjo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | | | - Tomonori Hanasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | | | | | - Toshifumi Dohi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
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4
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Nucleophilic Arylation of Halopurines Facilitated by Brønsted Acid in Fluoroalcohol. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 24:molecules24213812. [PMID: 31652675 PMCID: PMC6865213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Various aryl-substituted purine derivatives were synthesized through the direct arylation of halopurines with aromatic compounds, facilitated by the combination of triflic acid and fluoroalcohol. This metal-free method is complementary to conventional coupling reactions using metal catalysts and reagents for the syntheses of aryl-substituted purine analogues.
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5
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Tassone JP, MacQueen PM, Lavoie CM, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Stradiotto M. Nickel-Catalyzed N-Arylation of Cyclopropylamine and Related Ammonium Salts with (Hetero)aryl (Pseudo)halides at Room Temperature. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Tassone
- Department
of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Preston M. MacQueen
- Department
of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Christopher M. Lavoie
- Department
of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- X-Ray
Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-Ray
Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department
of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
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6
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Tian M, Yu M, Shi T, Hu J, Li S, Xu J, Chen N, Du H. Silver-Catalyzed Direct C6-H Arylation of Purines and Purine Nucleosides with Arylboronic Acids. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tian
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwu Yu
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Junbin Hu
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Shunlai Li
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Hongguang Du
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
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7
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Collier GS, Brown LA, Boone ES, Long BK, Kilbey SM. Synthesis of Main Chain Purine-Based Copolymers and Effects of Monomer Design on Thermal and Optical Properties. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:682-687. [PMID: 35614655 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to incorporate diverse monomeric building blocks enables the development of advanced polymeric materials possessing a wide range of properties that suits them for myriad applications. Herein, that synthetic toolbox is expanded through the first report of purine-based copolymers in which purines are incorporated directly into the polymer main chain. Stille cross-coupling of dibromopurine monomers with benzodithiophene (BDT) comonomers is used to generate these "poly(purine)s", and variations in the substitution pattern of the purine monomer and BDT side-chains provides insight into the role of monomer design on their resultant thermal and photophysical properties. Specifically, thermal analyses show that poly(purine)s exhibit high thermal stability and high glass transition temperatures depending on the BDT side-chain substituents and substitution pattern of the purine-derived comonomer. Furthermore, optical properties measured via UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies show dependence on monomer substitution pattern. These findings demonstrate the viability of synthesizing poly(purine)s via metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and highlight the potential to tailor poly(purine) properties via simple alterations of comonomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham S. Collier
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Lauren A. Brown
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Evan S. Boone
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Brian K. Long
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - S. Michael Kilbey
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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8
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D'Errico S, Oliviero G, Borbone N, Nici F, Piccialli V, Pinto B, D'Alonzo D, Mayol L, Piccialli G. Synthesis of C6-Pyridylpurine Nucleosides by Reaction of Nebularine N1-Oxide with Pyridinyl Grignard Reagents. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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9
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Wang DC, Niu HY, Xie MS, Qu GR, Wang HX, Guo HM. Highly Regioselective Three-Component Domino Heck–Negishi Coupling Reaction for the Functionalization of Purines at C6. Org Lett 2013; 16:262-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4032683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Chao Wang
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ying Niu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology,
Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Xie
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Rong Qu
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Xuan Wang
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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10
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Kania J, Gundersen LL. Synthesis ofN-Alkenylpurines by Rearrangements of the CorrespondingN-Allyl Isomers: Scopes and Limitations. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Hassan AEA, Abou-Elkhair RAI, Riordan JM, Allan PW, Parker WB, Khare R, Waud WR, Montgomery JA, Secrist JA. Synthesis and evaluation of the substrate activity of C-6 substituted purine ribosides with E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase: palladium mediated cross-coupling of organozinc halides with 6-chloropurine nucleosides. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 47:167-74. [PMID: 22112758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of C-6 alkyl, cycloalkyl, and aryl-9-(β-d-ribofuranosyl)purines were synthesized and their substrate activities with Escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (E. coli PNP) were evaluated. (Ph(3)P)(4)Pd-mediated cross-coupling reactions of 6-chloro-9-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-β-d-ribofuranosyl)-purine (6) with primary alkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr, n-Bu, isoBu) zinc halides followed by treatment with NH(3)/MeOH gave the corresponding 6-alkyl-9-(β-d-ribofuranosyl)purine derivatives 7-11, respectively, in good yields. Reactions of 6 with cycloalkyl(propyl, butyl, pentyl)zinc halides and aryl (phenyl, 2-thienyl)zinc halides gave under similar conditions the corresponding 6-cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, phenyl, and thienyl -9-(β-d-ribofuranosyl)purine derivatives 12-16, respectively in high yields. E. coli PNP showed a high tolerance to the steric and hydrophobic environment at the 6-position of the synthesized purine ribonucleosides. Significant cytotoxic activity was observed for 8, 12, 15, and 16. Evaluation of 12 and 16 against human tumor xenografts in mice did not demonstrate any selective antitumor activity. In addition, 6-methyl-9-(β-d-arabinofuranosyl)purine (18) was prepared and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla E A Hassan
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, P.O. Box 55305, Birmingham, AL 35255-5305, USA
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12
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Qu GR, Xin PY, Niu HY, Jin X, Guo XT, Yang XN, Guo HM. Microwave promoted palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of 6-chloropurines with sodium tetraarylborate in water. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Wang DC, Niu HY, Qu GR, Liang L, Wei XJ, Zhang Y, Guo HM. Nickel-catalyzed Negishi cross-couplings of 6-chloropurines with organozinc halides at room temperature. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7663-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06265d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Gamadeku T, Gundersen LL. Synthesis of 8-Bromo-N-benzylpurines via 8-Lithiated Purines: Scope and Limitations. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910903318708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Standara S, Maliňáková K, Marek R, Marek J, Hocek M, Vaara J, Straka M. Understanding the NMR chemical shifts for 6-halopurines: role of structure, solvent and relativistic effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:5126-39. [DOI: 10.1039/b921383j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Slagt VF, de Vries AHM, de Vries JG, Kellogg RM. Practical Aspects of Carbon−Carbon Cross-Coupling Reactions Using Heteroarenes. Org Process Res Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/op900221v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent F. Slagt
- Syncom BV, Kadijk 3, 9747 AT Groningen, The Netherlands, DSM Pharmaceutical Products - Innovative Synthesis and Catalysis, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - André H. M. de Vries
- Syncom BV, Kadijk 3, 9747 AT Groningen, The Netherlands, DSM Pharmaceutical Products - Innovative Synthesis and Catalysis, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G. de Vries
- Syncom BV, Kadijk 3, 9747 AT Groningen, The Netherlands, DSM Pharmaceutical Products - Innovative Synthesis and Catalysis, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard M. Kellogg
- Syncom BV, Kadijk 3, 9747 AT Groningen, The Netherlands, DSM Pharmaceutical Products - Innovative Synthesis and Catalysis, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
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17
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Qu GR, Mao ZJ, Niu HY, Wang DC, Xia C, Guo HM. Straightforward and Highly Efficient Catalyst-Free One-Step Synthesis of 2-(Purin-6-yl)acetoacetic Acid Ethyl Esters, (Purin-6-yl)acetates, and 6-Methylpurines through SNAr-Based Reactions of 6-Halopurines with Ethyl Acetoacetate. Org Lett 2009; 11:1745-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9002256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Rong Qu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal
University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China, and School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology,
Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Mao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal
University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China, and School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology,
Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Hong-Ying Niu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal
University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China, and School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology,
Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Dong-Chao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal
University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China, and School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology,
Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Chao Xia
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal
University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China, and School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology,
Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal
University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China, and School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology,
Xinxiang 453003, China
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18
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Kuchař M, Pohl R, Klepetářová B, Hocek M. Synthesis of diverse 6-(1,2-disubstituted ethyl)purine bases and nucleosides via 6-(oxiran-2-yl)purines. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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20
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Bambuch V, Pohl R, Hocek M. Synthesis of 6-(4,5-Dihydrofuran-2-yl)- and 6-(Tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)purine Bases and Nucleosides. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Tobrman T, Štěpnička P, Císařová I, Dvořák D. Preparation and Crystal Structures of Purine 2,2′-, 6,6′-, and 8,8′-Dimers. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Kuchař M, Pohl R, Klepetářová B, Votruba I, Hocek M. Synthesis of substituted 6-cyclopropylpurine bases and nucleosides by cross-coupling reactions or cyclopropanations. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:2377-87. [DOI: 10.1039/b802833h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Uchil V, Seo B, Nair V. A novel strategy to assemble the beta-diketo acid pharmacophore of HIV integrase inhibitors on purine nucleobase scaffolds. J Org Chem 2007; 72:8577-9. [PMID: 17918897 PMCID: PMC2518961 DOI: 10.1021/jo701336r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Claisen condensation, the key step in constructing the pharmacophore of aryl beta-diketo acids (DKA) as integrase inhibitors, fails in certain cases of highly electron-deficient heterocycles such as purines. A general synthetic strategy to assemble the DKA motif on the purine scaffold has been accomplished. The synthetic sequence entails a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling, a C-acylation involving a tandem addition/elimination reaction, and a novel ferric ion-catalyzed selective hydrolysis of an enolic ether in the presence of a carboxylic acid ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Uchil
- The Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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24
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Vik A, Hedner E, Charnock C, Tangen LW, Samuelsen Ø, Larsson R, Bohlin L, Gundersen LL. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of agelasine and agelasimine analogs. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:4016-37. [PMID: 17442577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Agelasine and agelasimine derivatives with substantially less complicated terpenoid side chains compared to the naturally occurring compounds have been synthesized and their ability to inhibit growth of microorganisms and cancer cells has been studied. Compounds with excellent activity against cancer cell lines (MIC ca. 1 microM for the most potent compounds), including a drug resistant renal cell line, have been identified. Most compounds studied also exhibited broad spectrum antimicrobial activity including activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Vik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
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25
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Guthmann H, Könemann M, Bach T. Synthesis of a Cyclic Tetrameric Purine by Successive Cross-Coupling Reactions and Subsequent Pd-Catalyzed Cyclization. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Tobrman T, Dvořák D. Reductive Dimerization of 2- and 6-Iodopurines: Side Reaction in Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Iodopurines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20071365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of a Pd catalyst and a base, 6- and 2-iodopurine derivatives undergo reductive C-C dimerization with the formation of the corresponding 6,6'- or 2,2'-dimers. The best results of the dimerization were obtained in the presence of i-Pr2NEt as a base in DMF. Phosphine-free catalysts as well as catalysts containing phosphines can be used. In the presence of catalytic systems containing PPh3 the dimerization does not proceed. This dimerization may become an important side reaction in the Stille or the Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of iodopurines.
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Nair V, Uchil V, Neamati N. β-Diketo acids with purine nucleobase scaffolds: Novel, selective inhibitors of the strand transfer step of HIV integrase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:1920-3. [PMID: 16439124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Revised: 12/22/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The HIV pol gene encodes three viral enzymes that are required for its replication. While drug discovery involving the viral targets, reverse transcriptase and protease, has resulted in useful therapeutic agents, such efforts on HIV integrase have not produced a single FDA-approved drug. In the work focused on the discovery of inhibitors of HIV integrase, we have synthesized new beta-diketo acids with purine nucleobase scaffolds that are potent inhibitors of the strand transfer steps of wild-type HIV-1 integrase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasu Nair
- The Center for Drug Discovery and the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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28
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Braendvang M, Gundersen LL. Selective anti-tubercular purines: Synthesis and chemotherapeutic properties of 6-aryl- and 6-heteroaryl-9-benzylpurines. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:6360-73. [PMID: 16081292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Revised: 06/24/2005] [Accepted: 06/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
6-Aryl- and 6-heteroaryl-9-benzylpurines have been synthesized employing palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions in the step forming the C-C or C-N bond between the aryl- or heteroaryl and the purine. The compounds were screened for activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as representative Gram+ and Gram- bacteria, and for cytotoxic effects on mammalian cells. Several potent antimycobacterials were identified. These compounds probably act by a novel and selective mechanism; they exhibit low toxicity toward other bacteria as well as mammalian cells.
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Capek P, Pohl R, Hocek M. Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure (Purin-6-yl)phenylalanines and Their Nucleosides, a Novel Type of Purine-Amino Acid Conjugates. J Org Chem 2005; 70:8001-8. [PMID: 16277321 DOI: 10.1021/jo051110x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[Chemical reaction: See text] Enantiomerically or diastereomerically pure 4-(purin-6-yl)phenylalanines, a novel type of stable amino acid-purine conjugates, were synthesized by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of protected 4-boronophenylalanines or 4-(trimethylstanyl)phenylalanines with diverse 6-halopurines (9-benzyl-6-halopurines and 9-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-6-halopurines as well as acyl- and silyl-protected 6-halopurine ribonucleosides and 2-deoxyribonucleosides). Free purine bases and nucleosides bearing (S)- or (R)-phenylalanine in position 6 were obtained after complete deprotection of the products of cross-coupling reactions. Reactivity trends for both of these cross-coupling and deprotection protocols have been compared in terms of practicability, efficiency, and stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Capek
- Centre for New Antivirals and Antineoplastics, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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30
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Bråthe A, Gundersen LL, Malterud KE, Rise F. 6-Substituted Purines as Inhibitors of 15-Lipoxygenase; a Structure-Activity Study. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2005; 338:159-66. [PMID: 15864785 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200400951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) has been implicated in oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), a process believed to be important for the development of atherosclerosis, as well as other pathogenic conditions. Potent and selective inhibitors of 15-LO may have a drug potential. In this study, purines with a variety of substituents have been examined as inhibitors of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) from soybeans. Several 6-substitued purines where the purine ring and a phenyl ring in the substituent were separated by a "spacer" were synthesized and their ability to inhibit the enzyme was explored. Sepa ration of the purine and the phenyl rings with none, one or two sp3-carbons resulted in essentially inactive compounds, trans-styrylpurines and phenylethynylpurines, on the other hand, they exhibited activity close to the well-known 15-LO inhibitor quercetin. High activity was also found when the "spacer" was a trans-cyclopropyl ring. The shape of the spacer was important; a corresponding cis-cyclopropylpurine exhibited much less affinity for the enzyme. Only minor differences in inhibitory activity against 15-LO were found regardless of whether an N-substituent was situated on N-9 or N-7, even when the N-substituent was relatively large. Also, a variety of substituents in the purine 2- and 8-position were well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Bråthe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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31
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Laufer SA, Domeyer DM, Scior TRF, Albrecht W, Hauser DRJ. Synthesis and biological testing of purine derivatives as potential ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2005; 48:710-22. [PMID: 15689155 DOI: 10.1021/jm0408767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of ATP adenine, a series of adenine and purine derivatives was prepared and tested for their ability to inhibit a spectrum of disease-related kinases. There has been scant research investigating the potential of cosubstrate derived kinase inhibitors for other kinases than CDKs. Our inhibitor design combined the purine system from the original cosubstrate ATP and phenyl moieties in order to explore possible interactions with the different regions of the ATP binding site in several disease-related protein kinases. There have been a number of hits for the assayed substances, which led us to conclude that the spectrum of compounds may prove to be a valuable tool kit for the evaluation of bonding and selectivity patterns for a wide variety of kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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32
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33
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34
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Tobrman T, Dvorák D. 6-Magnesiated Purines: Preparation and Reaction with Aldehydes. Org Lett 2003; 5:4289-91. [PMID: 14601982 DOI: 10.1021/ol0355027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Halogen-metal exchange reaction of 9-benzyl-6-iodopurine with iPrMgCl in toluene at -80 degrees C proceeds almost quantitatively. Such a purine-derived Grignard reagent reacts selectively with aldehydes in toluene, giving the corresponding alcohols in 25-62% yield, while other functional groups such as ketones, esters, and nitriles do not react under these conditions. The reaction can be extended to protected 6-iodopurine ribonucleoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Tobrman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Prague Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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35
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36
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Bråthe A, Gundersen LL, Nissen-Meyer J, Rise F, Spilsberg B. Cytotoxic activity of 6-alkynyl- and 6-alkenylpurines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:877-80. [PMID: 12617912 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
6-Alkynyl- and 6-alkenylpurines have been screened for cytotoxic activity against a human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line; K-562 cells using a [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation assay. Most alkynes displayed cytotoxicity comparable to, or better than, the known anticancer drugs 6-mercaptopurine and fludarabine. The 6-alkenylpurines, which are promising plant growth stimulators and 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors, exhibited only low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Bråthe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
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37
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Hocek M. Syntheses of Purines Bearing Carbon Substituents in Positions 2, 6 or 8 by Metal‐ or Organometal‐Mediated C−C Bond‐Forming Reactions. European J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200390025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Fax: (internat.) + 420‐2/33331271
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38
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Havelková M, Dvořák D, Hocek M. Covalent analogues of DNA base-pairs and triplets. Part 3: Synthesis of 1,4- and 1,3-bis(purin-6-yl)benzenes and 1-(1,3-dimethyluracil-5-yl)-3 or 4-(purin-9-yl)benzenes. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00833-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Berrée F, Girard-Le Bleis P, Carboni B. Synthesis of the marine sponge alkaloid oroidin and its analogues via Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Lakshman MK. Palladium-catalyzed C–N and C–C cross-couplings as versatile, new avenues for modifications of purine 2′-deoxynucleosides. J Organomet Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(02)01267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Abstract
The first total synthesis of one of the spicamycin congeners, SPM VIII (3), is described. A preliminary model study for construction of the characteristic N-glycoside linkage in spicamycin using tetra-O-benzyl-beta-D-mannopyranosylamine (13) and halopurines 5 revealed that Pd-catalyzed conditions successfully provided the coupling products 14 and 15 in good yields. It was also shown that thermal anomerization of the N-glycosides easily occurred, which resulted in the predominant formation of the beta-anomer as the thermodynamically favored compound, and the activation energy of anomerization of 15 was estimated to be ca. 30 kcal/mol. The novel aminoheptose unit of spicamycin 6 was prepared stereoselectively by carbon elongation of an acyclic aldehyde, prepared by ring cleavage reaction of a highly functionalized cyclohexane derived from naturally abundant myo-inositol. The Pd-catalyzed coupling reaction of the beta-heptopyranosylamine 6 with protected 6-chloropurine 5d, followed by deprotection, provided spicamycin amino nucleoside 2, whose condensation with dodecanoylglycine completed the total synthesis of 3. This study confirmed the proposed unique structure of a novel nucleoside antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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42
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Hassan J, Sévignon M, Gozzi C, Schulz E, Lemaire M. Aryl-aryl bond formation one century after the discovery of the Ullmann reaction. Chem Rev 2002; 102:1359-470. [PMID: 11996540 DOI: 10.1021/cr000664r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3023] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jwanro Hassan
- Laboratoire de Catalyse et Synthèse Organique, UMR 5622, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Hocek M, Dvořáková H, Císařová I. Covalent Analogues of DNA Base-Pairs and Triplets V. Synthesis of Purine-Purine and Purine-Pyrimidine Conjugates Connected by Diverse Types of Acyclic Carbon Linkages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20021560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The title 1,2-bis(purin-6-yl)acetylenes, -diacetylenes, -ethylenes and -ethanes were prepared as covalent base-pair analogues starting from 6-ethynylpurines and 6-iodopurines by the Sonogashira cross-coupling or oxidative alkyne-dimerization reactions followed by hydrogenations. 6-[(1,3-Dimethyluracil-5-yl)ethynyl]purine (11) was prepared analogously and hydrogenated to the corresponding purine-pyrimidine conjugates linked via vinylene and ethylene linkers. Unlike the cytostatic bis(purin-6-yl)acetylenes and -diacetylenes, the purine-pyrimidine conjugates were inactive. Crystal structures of bis(purin-6-yl)acetylene 6a, -diacetylene 8a and -ethane 5a were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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44
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Ohba M, Tashiro T. Preparatory Study for the Synthesis of the Marine Sponge Alkaloids Asmarines A-F: Synthesis of Their Heterocyclic Portions. HETEROCYCLES 2002. [DOI: 10.3987/com-02-9512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Fujiwara T, Kimoto M, Sugiyama H, Hirao I, Yokoyama S. Synthesis of 6-(2-thienyl)purine nucleoside derivatives that form unnatural base pairs with pyridin-2-one nucleosides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2221-3. [PMID: 11514175 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Unnatural bases, 2-amino-6-(2-thienyl)purine and 2-amino-6-(2-furanyl)purine, were newly designed to replace the previously developed purine analogue, 2-amino-6-(N,N-dimethylamino)purine, which specifically pairs with pyridin-2-one. These nucleoside derivatives were synthesized via the 6-substitution of 6-iodopurine nucleosides with tributylstannylthiophene or tributylstannylfuran. As compared with 2-amino-6-(N,N-dimethylamino)purine, 2-amino-6-(2-thienyl)purine reduced the interference in the stacking interactions with the neighboring bases in a DNA duplex and improved the efficiency of the enzymatic incorporation of the nucleoside triphosphate of pyridin-2-one opposite the unnatural base.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fujiwara
- Yokoyama CytoLogic Project, ERATO, JST, c/o RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
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46
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Hocek M, Holý A, Votruba I, Dvořáková H. Cytostatic 6-Arylpurine Nucleosides III. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Study in Cytostatic Activity of 6-Aryl-, 6-Hetaryl- and 6-Benzylpurine Ribonucleosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20010483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A series of fifteen 6-aryl-, 6-hetaryl- and 6-benzylpurine ribonucleosides has been prepared by Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of 6-chloro-9-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)- purine with arylboronic acids, hetarylzinc halides, hetarylstannanes or benzylzinc halides followed by deprotection. Structure-activity relationship study revealed that besides 6-(4-substituted phenyl)purine nucleosides, also some 6-hetaryl- and 6-benzylpurine ribonucleosides possess considerable cytostatic activity.
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47
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Hassan AE, Abou-Elkair RA, Montgomery JA, Secrist JA. Convenient syntheses of 6-methylpurine and related nucleosides. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2000; 19:1123-34. [PMID: 10999252 DOI: 10.1080/15257770008035035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Efficient methods for the synthesis of 6-methylpurine (3), 9-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-6-methylpurine (8), and 6-methyl-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine (5) are described. Methodology involving the (Ph3P)4Pd catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of CH3ZnBr with several different 6-chloropurine derivatives is described in high yield. This methodology now provides a facile and high-yielding synthesis of 8, which is needed in significant amounts for studies in cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Hassan
- Organic Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35255-5305, USA
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48
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Bakkestuen AK, Gundersen LL, Langli G, Liu F, Nolsøe JM. 9-Benzylpurines with inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1207-10. [PMID: 10866382 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
9-Benzylpurines with a variety of substituents in the 2-, 6- and/or 8-position have been prepared and screened for antimycobacterial effects. High inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis was found for 9-benzylpurines carrying a phenylethynyl-, trans-styryl or aryl substituents in the 6-position and generally chlorine in the 2-position tends to increase activity.
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Hocek M, Holý A, Votruba I, Dvoráková H. Synthesis and cytostatic activity of substituted 6-phenylpurine bases and nucleosides: application of the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of 6-chloropurine derivatives with phenylboronic acids. J Med Chem 2000; 43:1817-25. [PMID: 10794698 DOI: 10.1021/jm991167+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of protected 6-chloropurine and 2-amino-6-chloropurine bases and nucleosides with substituted phenylboronic acids led to the corresponding protected 6-(substituted phenyl)purine derivatives 6-9. Their deprotection yielded a series of substituted 6-phenylpurine bases and nucleosides 10-13. Significant cytostatic activity (IC(50) 0.25-20 micromol/L) in CCRF-CEM, HeLa, and L1210 cell lines was found for several 6-(4-X-substituted phenyl)purine ribonucleosides 12 (X = H, F, Cl, and OR), while the 6-phenylpurine and 2-amino-6-phenylpurine bases 10 and 11, as well as 2-amino-6-phenylpurine ribosides 13, were entirely inactive against these cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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50
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Havelková M, Studenovský M, Dvořák D. N1-Substituted Hypoxanthine Derivatives from the Reaction of 6-Halopurines with Michael Acceptors Under the Conditions of Heck Reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 6-iodo-, 9-benzyl-6-chloropurine and 7-benzyl-6-chloropurine with butyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, methyl vinyl ketone or methyl methacrylate under conditions of the Heck reaction in the presence of TlOAc or AgOAc afforded N1-alkylhypoxanthine derivatives. Formation of these unexpected products can be rationalised as a Tl+- or Ag+-assisted substitution of halogen with acetate anion. The 6-acetoxypurine derivative thus formed then eliminates ketene and gives 7-benzyl- or 9-benzylhypoxanthine. Conjugate addition of these compounds onto Michael acceptors furnishes the N1-substituted hypoxanthine derivatives.
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