1
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Spriha SE, Rahman FI, Rahman SMA. Synthesis, in vivo and in silico analgesic and anti-inflammatory studies of α-D-ribofuranose derivatives. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:981-991. [PMID: 34588844 PMCID: PMC8463446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Five α-D-ribofuranose analogues (2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) were synthesized in good yields from 3-O-benzyl-4-C-(hydroxymethyl)-1, 2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-ribofuranose (1). The synthesized compounds were then subjected to analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant assays. Compound 3 demonstrated 79.74% (P < 0.001) writhing inhibition and highest reaction time of 2.55 ± 0.13 min (P < 0.001) after 30 min of oral administration in peripheral and central analgesic assay, respectively, at 50 mg/kg dose. Compound 2 and 6 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity at 100 mg/kg dose with paw edema inhibition of 91.15% (P < 0.001) and 95.13% (P < 0.001), respectively, in 4th hour. The synthesized analogues did not show notable antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Molecular docking study revealed higher binding affinity of −8.1 kcal/mol and −8.9 kcal/mol of compound 3 towards cyclooxygenase-1 and phospholipase A2, respectively, compared to −7.7 and −7.6 kcal/mol respectively for corresponding native ligands. Compound 2 demonstrated binding affinity of −9.1 kcal/mol towards interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 compared to −8.7 kcal/mol of the native ligand. The molecular properties related to drug likeness of compounds were found to be within acceptable range. Synthesized D-ribofuranose analogues demonstrated promising analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities and further development may lead to new potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Enam Spriha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Fahad Imtiaz Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - S M Abdur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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2
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Grebenovsky N, Luma L, Müller P, Heckel A. Introducing LNAzo: More Rigidity for Improved Photocontrol of Oligonucleotide Hybridization. Chemistry 2019; 25:12298-12302. [PMID: 31386225 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide-based therapeutics have made rapid progress in clinical treatment of a variety of disease indications. Since most therapeutic oligonucleotides serve more than just one function and tend to have a prolonged lifetime, spatio-temporal control of these functions would be desirable. Photoswitches like azobenzene have proven themselves as useful tools in this matter. Upon irradiation, the photoisomerization of the azobenzene moiety causes destabilization in adjacent base pairs, leading to a decreased hybridization affinity. Since the way the azobenzene is incorporated in the oligonucleotide is of utmost importance, we synthesized locked azobenzene C-nucleosides and compared their photocontrol capabilities to established azobenzene C-nucleosides in oligonucleotide test-sequences by means of fluorescence-, UV/Vis-, and CD-spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Grebenovsky
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Larita Luma
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patricia Müller
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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3
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Toward Non-Enzymatic Ultrasensitive Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms by Optical Methods. CHEMOSENSORS 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors2030193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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4
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Duncan KK, Otrubova K, Boger DL. α-Ketoheterocycle inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase: exploration of conformational constraints in the acyl side chain. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2763-70. [PMID: 24690529 PMCID: PMC4029506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of α-ketooxazoles containing heteroatoms embedded within conformational constraints in the C2 acyl side chain of 2 (OL-135) were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). The studies reveal that the installation of a heteroatom (O) in the conformational constraint is achievable, although the potency of these novel derivatives is reduced slightly relative to 2 and the analogous 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene series. Interestingly, both enantiomers (R and S) of the candidate inhibitors bearing a chiral center adjacent to the electrophilic carbonyl were found to effectively inhibit FAAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine K Duncan
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Katerina Otrubova
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
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5
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Hari Y, Kashima S, Inohara H, Ijitsu S, Imanishi T, Obika S. Base-pair recognition ability of hydroxyphenyl nucleobases in parallel triplex DNA. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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6
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Ezzili C, Mileni M, McGlinchey N, Long JZ, Kinsey SG, Hochstatter DG, Stevens RC, Lichtman AH, Cravatt BF, Bilsky EJ, Boger DL. Reversible competitive α-ketoheterocycle inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase containing additional conformational constraints in the acyl side chain: orally active, long-acting analgesics. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2805-22. [PMID: 21428410 PMCID: PMC3085948 DOI: 10.1021/jm101597x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of α-ketooxazoles containing conformational constraints in the C2 acyl side chain of 2 (OL-135) were examined as inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Only one of the two possible enantiomers displayed potent FAAH inhibition (S vs R enantiomer), and their potency is comparable or improved relative to 2, indicating that the conformational restriction in the C2 acyl side chain is achievable. A cocrystal X-ray structure of the α-ketoheterocycle 12 bound to a humanized variant of rat FAAH revealed its binding details, confirmed that the (S)-enantiomer is the bound active inhibitor, shed light on the origin of the enantiomeric selectivity, and confirmed that the catalytic Ser241 is covalently bound to the electrophilic carbonyl as a deprotonated hemiketal. Preliminary in vivo characterization of the inhibitors 12 and 14 is reported demonstrating that they raise brain anandamide levels following either intraperitoneal (ip) or oral (po) administration indicative of effective in vivo FAAH inhibition. Significantly, the oral administration of 12 caused dramatic accumulation of anandamide in the brain, with peak levels achieved between 1.5 and 3 h, and these elevations were maintained over 9 h. Additional studies of these two representative members of the series (12 and 14) in models of thermal hyperalgesia and neuropathic pain are reported, including the demonstration that 12 administered orally significantly attenuated mechanical (>6 h) and cold (>9 h) allodynia for sustained periods consistent with its long-acting effects in raising the endogenous concentration of anandamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrine Ezzili
- Department of Chemistry, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Mauro Mileni
- Department of Molecular Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Nicholas McGlinchey
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005
| | - Jonathan Z. Long
- Department of Chemical Physiology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Steven G. Kinsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | | | - Raymond C. Stevens
- Department of Molecular Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Aron H. Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Benjamin F. Cravatt
- Department of Chemical Physiology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Edward J. Bilsky
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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7
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8
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Hari Y, Akabane M, Hatanaka Y, Nakahara M, Obika S. A 4-[(3R,4R)-dihydroxypyrrolidino]pyrimidin-2-one nucleobase for a CG base pair in triplex DNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:4424-6. [PMID: 21390385 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc10138b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to expand target sequences in triplex DNA formation, the development of a nucleobase that recognizes a CG base pair in dsDNA was attempted. A 4-[(3R,4R)-dihydroxypyrrolidino]pyrimidin-2-one nucleobase was found to recognize a CG base pair with high sequence-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Hari
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
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9
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Jacobi N, Lindel T. Assembly of the Bis(imidazolyl)propene Core of Nagelamides C and S by Double Grignard Reaction. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Synthesis and anti-HCV activity of 3′,4′-oxetane nucleosides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4539-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Hari Y, Matsugu S, Inohara H, Hatanaka Y, Akabane M, Imanishi T, Obika S. 2',4'-BNA bearing a 2-pyridine nucleobase for CG base pair recognition in the parallel motif triplex DNA. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:4176-80. [PMID: 20648389 DOI: 10.1039/c004895j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We succeeded in the synthesis of triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) that contain a deoxyribonucleotide (Py) bearing a 2-pyridine nucleobase or the 2',4'-BNA congener (Py(B)). By UV melting experiments, it was found that 2-pyridine was a very promising nucleobase for the sequence-selective recognition of a CG base pair within double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in a parallel motif triplex. Moreover, Py(B) in TFOs showed stronger affinity to a CG base pair than Py with further increase in the selectivity. Using TFO including multiple Py(B) units, triplex formation with dsDNA containing three CG base pairs was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Hari
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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12
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Obika S, Imanishi T, Kawada Y, Baba T, Fujisaka A. Bridged Nucleic Acids: Development, Synthesis and Properties. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-10-667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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14
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Swamy KCK, Kumar NNB, Balaraman E, Kumar KVPP. Mitsunobu and Related Reactions: Advances and Applications. Chem Rev 2009; 109:2551-651. [PMID: 19382806 DOI: 10.1021/cr800278z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 873] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Kumara Swamy
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad − 500046, A. P., India
| | - N. N. Bhuvan Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad − 500046, A. P., India
| | - E. Balaraman
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad − 500046, A. P., India
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15
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Synthesis and base-pairing properties of C-nucleotides having 1-substituted 1H-1,2,3-triazoles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:3316-9. [PMID: 19419865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides including C-nucleotides having 1-substitued 1H-1,2,3-triazoles as artificial nucleobases were conveniently synthesized by the post-elongation modification method using the copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The base-pairing properties of the triazole nucleobase analogs in forming duplexes with oligonucleotides were investigated by the T(m) experiments.
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16
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Gross TD, Chou S, Bonneville D, Gross RS, Wang P, Campopiano O, Ouellette MA, Zook SE, Reddy JP, Moree WJ, Jovic F, Chopade S. Chemical Development of NBI-75043. Use of a Flow Reactor to Circumvent a Batch-Limited Metal−Halogen Exchange Reaction. Org Process Res Dev 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/op800071m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Gross
- Chemical Development and Medicinal Chemistry, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California, 92130, U.S.A., and Irix Pharmaceutical Inc., 101 Technology Place, Florence South Carolina, 29501, U.S.A
| | - Shine Chou
- Chemical Development and Medicinal Chemistry, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California, 92130, U.S.A., and Irix Pharmaceutical Inc., 101 Technology Place, Florence South Carolina, 29501, U.S.A
| | - Daniel Bonneville
- Chemical Development and Medicinal Chemistry, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California, 92130, U.S.A., and Irix Pharmaceutical Inc., 101 Technology Place, Florence South Carolina, 29501, U.S.A
| | - Raymond S. Gross
- Chemical Development and Medicinal Chemistry, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California, 92130, U.S.A., and Irix Pharmaceutical Inc., 101 Technology Place, Florence South Carolina, 29501, U.S.A
| | - Peng Wang
- Chemical Development and Medicinal Chemistry, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California, 92130, U.S.A., and Irix Pharmaceutical Inc., 101 Technology Place, Florence South Carolina, 29501, U.S.A
| | - Onorato Campopiano
- Chemical Development and Medicinal Chemistry, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California, 92130, U.S.A., and Irix Pharmaceutical Inc., 101 Technology Place, Florence South Carolina, 29501, U.S.A
| | - Michael A. Ouellette
- Chemical Development and Medicinal Chemistry, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California, 92130, U.S.A., and Irix Pharmaceutical Inc., 101 Technology Place, Florence South Carolina, 29501, U.S.A
| | - Scott E. Zook
- Chemical Development and Medicinal Chemistry, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California, 92130, U.S.A., and Irix Pharmaceutical Inc., 101 Technology Place, Florence South Carolina, 29501, U.S.A
| | - Jayachandra P. Reddy
- Chemical Development and Medicinal Chemistry, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California, 92130, U.S.A., and Irix Pharmaceutical Inc., 101 Technology Place, Florence South Carolina, 29501, U.S.A
| | - Wilna J. Moree
- Chemical Development and Medicinal Chemistry, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California, 92130, U.S.A., and Irix Pharmaceutical Inc., 101 Technology Place, Florence South Carolina, 29501, U.S.A
| | - Florence Jovic
- Chemical Development and Medicinal Chemistry, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California, 92130, U.S.A., and Irix Pharmaceutical Inc., 101 Technology Place, Florence South Carolina, 29501, U.S.A
| | - Shubham Chopade
- Chemical Development and Medicinal Chemistry, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California, 92130, U.S.A., and Irix Pharmaceutical Inc., 101 Technology Place, Florence South Carolina, 29501, U.S.A
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17
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Kimball FS, Romero FA, Ezzili C, Garfunkle J, Rayl TJ, Hochstatter DG, Hwang I, Boger DL. Optimization of alpha-ketooxazole inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase. J Med Chem 2008; 51:937-47. [PMID: 18247553 PMCID: PMC2734917 DOI: 10.1021/jm701210y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of alpha-ketooxazoles containing conformational constraints in the flexible C2 acyl side chain of 2 (OL-135) and representative oxazole C5 substituents were prepared and examined as inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Exceptionally potent and selective FAAH inhibitors emerged from the series (e.g., 6, Ki = 200 and 260 pM for rat and rhFAAH). With simple and small C5 oxazole substituents, each series bearing a biphenylethyl, phenoxyphenethyl, or (phenoxymethyl)phenethyl C2 side chain was found to follow a well-defined linear relationship between -log Ki and Hammett sigmap of a magnitude (rho = 2.7-3.0) that indicates that the substituent electronic effect dominates, confirming its fundamental importance to the series and further establishing its predictive value. Just as significantly, the nature of the C5 oxazole substituent substantially impacts the selectivity of the inhibitors whereas the effect of the C2 acyl chain was more subtle but still significant even in the small series examined. Combination of these independent features, which display generalized trends across a range of inhibitor series, simultaneously improves FAAH potency and selectivity and can provide exquisitely selective and potent FAAH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Scott Kimball
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - F. Anthony Romero
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Cyrine Ezzili
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Joie Garfunkle
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Thomas J. Rayl
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Dustin G. Hochstatter
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Inkyu Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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18
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Development of a novel nucleoside analogue with S-type sugar conformation: 2′-deoxy-trans-3′,4′-bridged nucleic acids. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Romero FA, Du W, Hwang I, Rayl TJ, Kimball FS, Leung D, Hoover HS, Apodaca RL, Breitenbucher JG, Cravatt BF, Boger DL. Potent and selective alpha-ketoheterocycle-based inhibitors of the anandamide and oleamide catabolizing enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase. J Med Chem 2007; 50:1058-68. [PMID: 17279740 PMCID: PMC2531193 DOI: 10.1021/jm0611509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A study of the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of 2f (OL-135), a potent inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), is detailed, targeting the 5-position of the oxazole. Examination of a series of substituted benzene derivatives (12-14) revealed that the optimal position for substitution was the meta-position with selected members approaching or exceeding the potency of 2f. Concurrent with these studies, the effect of substitution on the pyridine ring of 2f was also examined. A series of small, nonaromatic C5-substituents was also explored and revealed that the K(i) follows a well-defined correlation with the Hammett sigma(p) constant (rho = 3.01, R2 = 0.91) in which electron-withdrawing substituents enhance potency, leading to inhibitors with K(i)s as low as 400 pM (20n). Proteomic-wide screening of the inhibitors revealed that most are exquisitely selective for FAAH over all other mammalian proteases, reversing the 100-fold preference of 20a (C5 substituent = H) for the enzyme TGH.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Anthony Romero
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Wu Du
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Inkyu Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Thomas J. Rayl
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - F. Scott Kimball
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Donmienne Leung
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Heather S. Hoover
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Richard L. Apodaca
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - J. Guy Breitenbucher
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Benjamin F. Cravatt
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
- *CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Dale L. Boger, Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037. Phone: 858-784-7522. Fax: 858-784-7550. E-mail:
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20
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Romero FA, Hwang I, Boger DL. Delineation of a fundamental alpha-ketoheterocycle substituent effect for use in the design of enzyme inhibitors. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:14004-5. [PMID: 17061864 PMCID: PMC2501112 DOI: 10.1021/ja064522b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and examination of a systematic series of 5-substituted 2-keto oxazoles as inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) defined a fundamental substituent effect that led to the discovery of inhibitors with Ki's as low as 400 pM. The intrinsic basis of the relationship (-log Ki vs sigmap), which relates Ki with the Hammett sigmap constant of the substituent, the magnitude of the effect (rho = 3.01), and its predictive value (R2 = 0.91) suggest a widespread applicability in studies beyond FAAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Anthony Romero
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Inkyu Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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Obika S. Development of bridged nucleic acid analogues for antigene technology. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2005; 52:1399-404. [PMID: 15577233 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.52.1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, increased efforts have been directed toward the development of oligonucleotide-based technologies for genome analyses, diagnostics, or therapeutics. Among them, an antigene strategy is one promising technology to regulate gene expression in living cells. Stable triplex formation between the triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO) and the target double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is fundamental to the antigene strategy. However, there are two major drawbacks in triplex formation by a natural TFO: low stability of the triplex and limitations of the target DNA sequence. To overcome these problems, we have developed various bridged nucleic acids (BNAs), and found that the 2',4'-BNA modification of oligonucleotides strongly promotes parallel motif triplex formation under physiological conditions. Some nucleobase analogues to extend the target DNA sequence were designed, synthesized, and introduced into the 2',4'-BNA structure. The obtained 2',4'-BNA derivatives with unnatural nucleobases effectively recognized a pyrimidine-purine interruption in the target dsDNA. Some other examples of nucleic acid analogues for stable triplex formation and extension of the target DNA sequence are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Obika
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Boger DL, Miyauchi H, Du W, Hardouin C, Fecik RA, Cheng H, Hwang I, Hedrick MP, Leung D, Acevedo O, Guimarães CRW, Jorgensen WL, Cravatt BF. Discovery of a potent, selective, and efficacious class of reversible alpha-ketoheterocycle inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase effective as analgesics. J Med Chem 2005; 48:1849-56. [PMID: 15771430 PMCID: PMC2492884 DOI: 10.1021/jm049614v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) degrades neuromodulating fatty acid amides including anandamide (endogenous cannabinoid agonist) and oleamide (sleep-inducing lipid) at their sites of action and is intimately involved in their regulation. Herein we report the discovery of a potent, selective, and efficacious class of reversible FAAH inhibitors that produce analgesia in animal models validating a new therapeutic target for pain intervention. Key to the useful inhibitor discovery was the routine implementation of a proteomics-wide selectivity screen against the serine hydrolase superfamily ensuring selectivity for FAAH coupled with systematic in vivo examinations of candidate inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry, Cell Biology, and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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Abstract
The completion of the human genome sequencing project will greatly accelerate the development of novel and practical technologies for genome-analysis, diagnostics or therapeutics. Oligonucleotides are playing an important role in these genome technologies, because of their sequence-specific hybridization ability toward the complementary strand. Besides the sequence-specific duplex formation, oligonucleotides are able to form stable triplex structures, which is fundamental to the antigene strategy to regulate gene expression in a living cell. However, two major drawbacks are known in the triplex formation by a natural oligonucleotide: low stability of the triplex and limitations of the target DNA sequence. One promising strategy to overcome these problems is chemical modification of the oligonucleotides. We have developed various bridged nucleic acids (BNAs), and found that the oligonucleotides containing 2'-O,4'-C-methylene bridged nucleic acid (2',4'-BNA) modification form a stable parallel motif triplex with the double-stranded DNA target under physiological conditions. Some nucleobase analogues to extend the target DNA sequence were designed, synthesized and incorporated into the 2',4'-BNA structure. The obtained 2',4'-BNA derivatives containing modified nucleobases effectively recognized a pyrimidine-purine interruption. Some other examples of nucleic acid analogues to overcome the two major drawbacks in the triplex-forming oligonucleotides are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Obika
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
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Hari Y, Obika S, Inohara H, Ikejiri M, Une D, Imanishi T. Synthesis and Triplex-Forming Ability of 2',4'-BNAs Bearing Imidazoles as a Nucleobase. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2005; 53:843-6. [PMID: 15997150 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.53.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To expand the sequence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) targets in a triplex formation, 2',4'-BNAs (2'-O,4'-C-methylene bridged nucleic acids) having imidazoles as a nucleobase were synthesized and incorporated into oligonucleotides. Triplex-forming ability of the modified oligonucleotides was evaluated by using melting temperature (Tm) measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Hari
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Chinchilla R, Nájera C, Yus M. Metalated Heterocycles and Their Applications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Chem Rev 2004; 104:2667-722. [PMID: 15137804 DOI: 10.1021/cr020101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Chinchilla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
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Ravindra Babu B, Sørensen MD, Parmar VS, Harrit NH, Wengel J. Oligodeoxynucleotides containing alpha-L-ribo configured LNA-type C-aryl nucleotides. Org Biomol Chem 2003; 2:80-9. [PMID: 14737663 DOI: 10.1039/b310719a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of 2[prime or minute]-O,4[prime or minute]-C-methylene-[small alpha]-l-ribofuranosyl derivatives containing phenyl and 1-pyrenyl aglycons, i.e., novel [small alpha]-l-ribo configured LNA-type C-aryl nucleosides, has been accomplished. Key synthetic steps included stereoselective Grignard reactions on tetrahydrofuran aldehyde, configurational inversion of the resulting alcohol into alcohol, and concomitant Mitsonobu cyclization furnishing the desired bicyclic furanosyl skeleton with a locked conformation. The phosphoramidite derivatives and were used for automated synthesis of 9-mer DNA and [small alpha]-L-LNA oligonucleotides containing the [small alpha]-L-LNA-type C-aryl monomers ([small alpha]L)Ph(L) and ([small alpha]L)Py(L) containing a phenyl and pyrenyl aglycon, respectively. Thermal denaturation studies showed universal base pairing behavior for the pyrenyl monomer ([small alpha]L)Py(L) when incorporated into a DNA or an [small alpha]-L-LNA oligonucleotide.
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Selective recognition of CG interruption by 2′,4′-BNA having 1-isoquinolone as a nucleobase in a pyrimidine motif triplex formation. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Obika S, Morio KI, Nanbu D, Hari Y, Itoh H, Imanishi T. Synthesis and conformation of 3′,4′-BNA monomers, 3′-O,4′-C-methyleneribonucleosides. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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