1
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Wang Y, Scrivener SG, Zuo XD, Wang R, Palermo PN, Murphy E, Durham AC, Wang YM. Iron-Catalyzed Contrasteric Functionalization of Allenic C(sp 2)-H Bonds: Synthesis of α-Aminoalkyl 1,1-Disubstituted Allenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14998-15004. [PMID: 34491051 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An iron-catalyzed C-H functionalization of simple monosubstituted allenes is reported. An efficient protocol for this process was made possible by the use of a newly developed electron-rich and sterically hindered cationic cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl complex as the catalyst and N-sulfonyl hemiaminal ether reagents as precursors to iminium ion electrophiles. Under optimized conditions, the use of a mild, functional-group-tolerant base enabled the conversion of a range of monoalkyl allenes to their allenylic sulfonamido 1,1-disubstituted derivatives, a previously unreported and contrasteric regiochemical outcome for the C-H functionalization of electronically unbiased and directing-group-free allenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Sarah G Scrivener
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Xiao-Dong Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ruihan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Philip N Palermo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ethan Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Austin C Durham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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2
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Xiao J, Xu H, Huo X, Zhang W, Ma S. One Stone Two Birds—Enantioselective Bimetallic Catalysis for
α‐Amino
Acid Derivatives with an Allene Unit. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Haibo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiaohong Huo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Shengming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
- Research Centre for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 220 Handan Lu Shanghai 200433 China
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3
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Alonso JM, Almendros P. Deciphering the Chameleonic Chemistry of Allenols: Breaking the Taboo of a Onetime Esoteric Functionality. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4193-4252. [PMID: 33630581 PMCID: PMC8479864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The allene functionality has participated in one of the most exciting voyages in organic chemistry, from chemical curiosities to a recurring building block in modern organic chemistry. In the last decades, a special kind of allene, namely, allenol, has emerged. Allenols, formed by an allene moiety and a hydroxyl functional group with diverse connectivity, have become common building blocks for the synthesis of a wide range of structures and frequent motif in naturally occurring systems. The synergistic effect of the allene and hydroxyl functional groups enables allenols to be considered as a unique and sole functionality exhibiting a special reactivity. This Review summarizes the most significant contributions to the chemistry of allenols that appeared during the past decade, with emphasis on their synthesis, reactivity, and occurrence in natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Alonso
- Grupo
de Lactamas y Heterociclos Bioactivos, Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Almendros
- Instituto
de Química Orgánica General, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Ghorai S, Lee D. Selectivity for Alkynyl or Allenyl Imidamides and Imidates in Copper-Catalyzed Reactions of Terminal 1,3-Diynes and Azides. Org Lett 2021; 23:697-701. [PMID: 33443441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed reactions of terminal 1,3-diynes with electron-deficient azides to generate either 3-alkynyl or 2,3-dienyl imidamides and imidates are described. The selectivity depends on the diyne substituents and the nucleophile that reacts with the ketenimide intermediate generated from the corresponding triazole precursor. Reactions of 1,3-diynes containing a propargylic acetate afford [3]cumulenyl imidamides, while reactions using methanol as the trapping agent selectively generate 2,3-dienyl imidates. Five-membered heterocycles were obtained from 1,3-diynes containing a homopropargylic hydroxyl or amine substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Daesung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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5
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Glatz F, Petrone DA, Carreira EM. Ir-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Synthesis of Diversely Protected Allenylic Amines Employing Ammonia Surrogates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16404-16408. [PMID: 32558158 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The first iridium catalyzed, enantioconvergent amination of allenylic carbonates is reported. This process utilizes various commercially available carbamates and sulfonamides to generate allenylic amines including commonly employed protected groups (Boc, Fmoc, Cbz, Ts, Ns) in 62-82 % yield and 87-98 % ee. The products generated through this scalable procedure serve as effective linchpins for the rapid, enantiospecific synthesis of a wide range of complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Glatz
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, HCI H335, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David A Petrone
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, HCI H335, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, HCI H335, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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6
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Glatz F, Petrone DA, Carreira EM. Ir‐Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Synthesis of Diversely Protected Allenylic Amines Employing Ammonia Surrogates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Glatz
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, HCI H335Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - David A. Petrone
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, HCI H335Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Erick M. Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, HCI H335Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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7
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Ran GY, Chen C, Yang XX, Zhao Z, Du W, Chen YC. Cu(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric α-Allenylation of Activated Ketimines with 3-Butynoates. Org Lett 2020; 22:4732-4736. [PMID: 32495627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yao Ran
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xing-Xing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
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8
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Silverman RB. Design and Mechanism of GABA Aminotransferase Inactivators. Treatments for Epilepsies and Addictions. Chem Rev 2018; 118:4037-4070. [PMID: 29569907 PMCID: PMC8459698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
When the brain concentration of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) diminishes below a threshold level, the excess neuronal excitation can lead to convulsions. This imbalance in neurotransmission can be corrected by inhibition of the enzyme γ-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT), which catalyzes the conversion of GABA to the excitatory neurotransmitter l-glutamic acid. It also has been found that raising GABA levels can antagonize the rapid elevation and release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, which is responsible for the reward response in addiction. Therefore, the design of new inhibitors of GABA-AT, which increases brain GABA levels, is an important approach to new treatments for epilepsy and addiction. This review summarizes findings over the last 40 or so years of mechanism-based inactivators (unreactive compounds that require the target enzyme to catalyze their conversion to the inactivating species, which inactivate the enzyme prior to their release) of GABA-AT with emphasis on their catalytic mechanisms of inactivation, presented according to organic chemical mechanism, with minimal pharmacology, except where important for activity in epilepsy and addiction. Patents, abstracts, and conference proceedings are not covered in this review. The inactivation mechanisms described here can be applied to the inactivations of a wide variety of unrelated enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208-3113, United States
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9
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Schaarschmidt M, Wanner KT. Synthesis of Allene Substituted Nipecotic Acids by Allenylation of Terminal Alkynes. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8371-8388. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maren Schaarschmidt
- Department of Pharmacy, Center
for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus T. Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center
for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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10
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Mistry SN, Valant C, Sexton PM, Capuano B, Christopoulos A, Scammells PJ. Synthesis and pharmacological profiling of analogues of benzyl quinolone carboxylic acid (BQCA) as allosteric modulators of the M1 muscarinic receptor. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5151-72. [PMID: 23718562 DOI: 10.1021/jm400540b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Established therapy in Alzheimer's disease involves potentiation of the endogenous orthosteric ligand, acetylcholine, at the M1 muscarinic receptors found in higher concentrations in the cortex and hippocampus. Adverse effects, due to indiscriminate activation of other muscarinic receptor subtypes, are common. M1 muscarinic positive allosteric modulators/allosteric agonists such as BQCA offer an attractive solution, being exquisitely M1-selective over other muscarinic subtypes. A common difficulty with allosteric ligands is interpreting SAR, based on composite potency values derived in the presence of fixed concentration of agonist. In reality these values encompass multiple pharmacological parameters, each potentially and differentially sensitive to structural modification of the ligand. We report novel BQCA analogues which appear to augment ligand affinity for the receptor (pK(B)), intrinsic efficacy (τB), and both binding (α) and functional (β) cooperativity with acetylcholine. Ultimately, development of such enriched SAR surrounding allosteric modulators will provide insight into their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh N Mistry
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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11
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Leikoski T, Wrigstedt P, Matikainen J, Sipilä J, Yli-Kauhaluoma J. Solid-phase synthesis of N-(buta-2,3-dien-1-yl)amides by the Crabbé reaction. CAN J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2012-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Crabbé homologation of polymer-supported propargylamine with paraformaldehyde, CuI, and dicyclohexylamine in 1,4-dioxane at 100 °C, followed by cleavage with dilute trifluoroacetic acid, furnishes N-(buta-2,3-dien-1-yl)amides as isolable products. The N-acyltriazene linker on Merrifield resin serves simultaneously as a protecting group for the nucleophilic primary amine. The product diversity is achieved by altering the acyl chloride in the acylation of the triazene linker. In addition to being a new route to nitrogen-containing allenes, our solid-phase method enables immobilization of these reactive cumulated dienes for further synthetic operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Leikoski
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauli Wrigstedt
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Matikainen
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Sipilä
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Sharma SK, Hazeldine S, Crowley ML, Hanson A, Beattie R, Varghese S, Senanayake TMD, Hirata A, Hirata F, Huang Y, Wu Y, Steinbergs N, Murray-Stewart T, Bytheway I, Casero RA, Woster PM. Polyamine-based small molecule epigenetic modulators. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011; 3:14-21. [PMID: 23293738 PMCID: PMC3535317 DOI: 10.1039/c1md00220a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin remodelling enzymes such as the histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone demethylases such as lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) have been validated as targets for cancer drug discovery. Although a number of HDAC inhibitors have been marketed or are in human clinical trials, the search for isoform-specific HDAC inhibitors is an ongoing effort. In addition, the discovery and development of compounds targeting histone demethylases are in their early stages. Epigenetic modulators used in combination with traditional antitumor agents such as 5-azacytidine represent an exciting new approach to cancer chemotherapy. We have developed multiple series of HDAC inhibitors and LSD1 inhibitors that promote the re-expression of aberrantly silenced genes that are important in human cancer. The design, synthesis and biological activity of these analogues is described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Stuart Hazeldine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Michael L. Crowley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Allison Hanson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Ross Beattie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Sheeba Varghese
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | | | - Aiko Hirata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Fusao Hirata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Nora Steinbergs
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Tracey Murray-Stewart
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Ian Bytheway
- Progen Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., Darra, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert A. Casero
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Patrick M. Woster
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
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13
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Structural and enzyme activity studies demonstrate that aryl substituted 2,3-butadienamine analogs inactivate Arthrobacter globiformis amine oxidase (AGAO) by chemical derivatization of the 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine quinone (TPQ) cofactor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1814:638-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Jin SS, Xu MH. Highly Diastereoselective Indium-Mediated Allenylation of N-tert-Butanesulfinyl Imino Ester: Efficient Synthesis of Optically Active α-Allenylglycines. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Xu DW, Li ZY, Ma SM. Dramatic Substituent Effect on the CCL-catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of 1-Aryl-2, 3-allenols. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.20040220319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Sharma SK, Wu Y, Steinbergs N, Crowley ML, Hanson AS, Casero RA, Woster PM. (Bis)urea and (bis)thiourea inhibitors of lysine-specific demethylase 1 as epigenetic modulators. J Med Chem 2010; 53:5197-212. [PMID: 20568780 DOI: 10.1021/jm100217a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The recently discovered enzyme lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) plays an important role in the epigenetic control of gene expression, and aberrant gene silencing secondary to LSD1 overexpression is thought to contribute to the development of cancer. We recently reported a series of (bis)guanidines and (bis)biguanides that are potent inhibitors of LSD1 and induce the re-expression of aberrantly silenced tumor suppressor genes in tumor cells in vitro. We now report a series of isosteric ureas and thioureas that are also potent inhibitors of LSD1. These compounds induce increases in methylation at the histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) chromatin mark, a specific target of LSD1, in Calu-6 lung carcinoma cells. In addition, these analogues increase cellular levels of secreted frizzle-related protein (SFRP) 2 and transcription factor GATA4. These compounds represent an important new series of epigenetic modulators with the potential for use as antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv K Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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17
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Bucuroaia C, Groth U, Huhn T, Klinge M. Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Allenylglycines. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of allenic quinazolines using palladium-catalyzed hydride-transfer reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Dieter RK, Chen N, Yu H, Nice LE, Gore VK. Reaction of α-(N-Carbamoyl)alkylcuprates with Propargyl Substrates: Synthetic Route to α-Amino Allenes and Δ3-Pyrrolines. J Org Chem 2005; 70:2109-19. [PMID: 15760194 DOI: 10.1021/jo0481405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Carbamate deprotonation followed by treatment with CuCN.2LiCl affords alpha-(N-carbamoyl)alkylcuprates which react with propargyl halides, mesylates, tosylates, phosphates, acetates, and epoxides to give alpha-(N-carbamoyl) allenes via an anti-S(N)2' substitution process. Propargyl halides, sulfonates, and phosphates give good yields of carbamoyl allenes, while the acetates afford low yields. Propargyl substrates undergo regiospecific S(N)2' substitution in the absence of severe steric hindrance. The alpha-(N-carbamoyl) allenes can be cyclized to 2-oxazolidinones or deprotected to afford the free amines which can be cyclized to Delta(3)-pyrrolines with either AgNO(3) or Ru(3)(CO)(12).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Karl Dieter
- Department of Chemistry, Howard L. Hunter Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, USA
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20
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Wu T, Ling KQ, Sayre LM, McIntire WS. Inhibition of murine N1-acetylated polyamine oxidase by an acetylenic amine and the allenic amine, MDL 72527. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 326:483-90. [PMID: 15582603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Murine N(1)-acetylated polyamine oxidase (mPAO) was treated with N,N'-bis-(prop-2-ynyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, a poor substrate and inhibitor for the enzyme, with K(m) and K(i) values in the millimolar range. Apparently, its oxidation produces prop-2-ynal, which reacts with amino acyl nucleophiles. Using a steady-state kinetic assay, four phases were identified, the first being the oxidation of the compound via Michealis-Menten-type kinetics. As prop-2-ynal accumulates, there is a biphasic reduction in the rate. This process leads to an mPAO form that is nearly inactive (fourth phase), but displays classical Michealis-Menten-type kinetics. The enzyme-bound flavin is not modified in this process. In contrast, micromolar concentrations of the MDL 72527 (N,N'-bis-[buta-2,3-dienyl]-1,4-diaminobutane) inhibited mPAO rapidly and completely. It inhibits by first binding tightly and apparently irreversibly, and then slowly converts to a species where the inhibitor is covalently bound to the N5-position of the flavin's isoalloxazine ring. The covalent adduct was identified as a flavocyanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Wu
- Molecular Biology Division, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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21
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Qiao C, Jeon HB, Sayre LM. Selective Inhibition of Bovine Plasma Amine Oxidase by Homopropargylamine, a New Inactivator Motif. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:8038-45. [PMID: 15212554 DOI: 10.1021/ja049568o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Propargylic and activated allylic amines are known to inactivate the quinone-dependent plasma amine oxidases, possibly through active-site modification by the alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde turnover products. Although homopropargylamine (1-amino-3-butyne, 1) is a nonobvious candidate as a mechanism-based inhibitor, 1 was found to be an unusually potent time- and concentration-dependent irreversible inactivator of bovine plasma amine oxidase (BPAO), exhibiting a 30 min IC(50) of 2.9 microM at 30 degrees C ([BPAO] = 1.2 microM). Preserved cofactor redox activity of the denatured inactivated enzyme indicates that inactivation by 1 involves either a cofactor modification that reverses upon enzyme denaturation or a modification of an active-site residue. Because inactivation by 1 may involve enzyme alkylation by the reactive 2,3-butadienal (3) tautomer of the 3-butynal turnover product of 1, aldehyde 3 was prepared and was found to inactivate BPAO, but only at high concentration. In addition, whereas inhibition by 3 was blunted by the presence of mercaptoethanol, no such protection was observed against 1. The amine whose turnover should lead directly to 3 was prepared (1-amino-2,3-butadiene, 4) and was found to be an even more potent inactivator of BPAO than 1, exhibiting a 5 min IC(50) of 1.25 microM. Rat liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase was also inactivated by 4, as expected, but only very weakly by 1. Potential mechanisms explaining the selective inhibition of BPAO by 1 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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22
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Xu D, Li Z, Ma S. Novozym-435-catalyzed efficient preparation of (1S)-ethenyl and ethynyl 2,3-allenols and (1R)-ethenyl and ethynyl 2,3-allenyl acetates with high enantiomeric excess. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2003.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Billet M, Schoenfelder A, Klotz P, Mann A. A convenient procedure for the preparation of α-aminoallenes using a three-component reaction of aldehyde, carbamate and propargylsilane. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Jayaprakash K, Venkatachalam CS, Balasubramanian KK. A convenient one-pot synthesis of N-aryl-3-pyrrolines. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01334-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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26
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Walbroehl Y, Wagner J. Chiral separations of amino acids by capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography employing chiral crown ethers. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)00722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Bouyssi D, Gore J, Balme G, Louis D, Wallach J. Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of new unsaturated exo-enol lactones with potential biological activity. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)93397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Abstract
The majority of synthetic chiral drugs are now marketed as racemates. This situation is rapidly changing due to the recent advances in asymmetric chemical synthesis and biocatalytic methods. This article reviews the use of enzymes in the synthesis and modification of optically pure drugs. Special attention is focused on the synthesis of new pharmaceuticals which may require efficient procedures for large-scale synthesis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Margolin
- Marion Merrell Dow Research Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio 45215-6300
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29
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Margolin AL. Synthesis of optically pure mechanism-based inhibitors of γ aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-T) via enzyme-catalyzed resolution. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)91763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Esch PM, Hiemstra H, Nico Speckamp W. Intermolecular reacitons of N-alkoxycarbonyliminium ions with propargyltrimethylsilane; oxazinone versus allene formation. Tetrahedron 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(92)85018-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Sarhan S, Casara P, Knödgen B, Seiler N. (4S)-4-amino-5,6-heptadienoic acid (MDL 72483): a potent anticonvulsant GABA-T inhibitor. Neurochem Res 1991; 16:285-93. [PMID: 1780030 DOI: 10.1007/bf00966092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
(4S)-4-Amino-5,6-heptadienoic acid [S)-gamma-allenyl-GABA; MDL 72483) is a potent inactivator of brain GABA-T in mice; (ED50 (i.p.) = 60 mg.kg-1; ED50 (oral) = 70 mg.kg-1). Its anticonvulsant effects against 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)-induced seizures in mice is related to the elevation of whole brain GABA concentrations: The mentioned doses of MDL 72483 which cause a decrease of GABA-T activity by 50%, produce within 5 h after dosing an increase of GABA concentration by about 3 mumol.g-1, and protect 50% of the mice against seizures in this model of presynaptic GABA deficit. When given orally MDL 72483 is about five times more potent than vigabatrin [4R/S)-4-amino-5-hexenoic acid) a known antiepileptic GABA-T inhibitor. Complete protection was achieved with a dose of 150 mg.kg-1. Similar to vigabatrin, MDL 72483 does not protect significantly against metrazol-induced convulsions. However, at a dose of 300 mg.kg-1, the time elapsing between metrazol administration and onset of convulsions was prolonged by a factor of 3.4. Oral administration of MDL 72483 for up to 19 days at a daily dose of 91-96 mg.kg-1 did not produce any obvious behavioral changes in mice, nor was the ED50 of the drug in MPA-seizure tests significantly altered by the pretreatment. These observations indicate that MDL 72483 is a promising drug for the treatment of certain epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sarhan
- Merrell Dow Research Institute, Strasbourg, France
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32
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Arcadi A, Cacchi S, Marinelli F, Morera E, Ortar G. ß-aryl and ß-vinyl-αß-didehydro-α-aminoacid derivatives through the palladium-catalysed reaction of aryl and vinyl triflates with methyl α-acetamidoacrylate. Tetrahedron 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)87897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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33
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Tunnicliff G. Inhibitors of brain GABA aminotransferase. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1989; 93:247-54. [PMID: 2568226 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(89)90213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Tunnicliff
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Evansville 47712
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34
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Kopola N, Friess B, Cazes B, Gore J. Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of dienic α-amino acids from allenes. Tetrahedron Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)99295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Gander-Coquoz M, Seebach D. Herstellung enantiomerenreiner, ?-alkylierter Lysin-, Ornithin- und Tryptophan-Derivate. Helv Chim Acta 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19880710124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Silverman RB. The potential use of mechanism-based enzyme inactivators in medicine. JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION 1988; 2:73-90. [PMID: 3069967 DOI: 10.3109/14756368809040714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanism-based enzyme inactivator, alanine racemase, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, D-amino acid aminotransferase, gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase, arginine decarboxylase, aromatase, L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, dihydrofolate reductase, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase DNA polymerase I, dopamine beta-hydroxylase, histidine decarboxylase, beta-lactamase, monoamine oxidase, ornithine decarboxylase, serine proteases, testosterone 5 alpha-reductase, thymidylate synthetase, xanthine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern Univesity, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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37
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Gaget C, Wolf E, Heintzelmann B, Wagner J. Separation of the enantiomers of substituted putrescine and cadaverine analogues by gas chromatography on chiral and achiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 1987; 395:597-608. [PMID: 3624364 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)94147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Capillary gas chromatography (GC) on chiral stationary phases, i.e., Chirasil-Val [L-valine-tert.-(R)-alpha-butylamide] and XE-60-S-valine-(R)-alpha-phenylethylamide, has been applied to the resolution of various substituted analogues of putrescine as their N,N'-perfluoroacyl derivatives. The influence of the nature of the substituent on the retention behaviour and on the resolution of the enantiomers was studied. The results are discussed in terms of volatility and interaction with the chiral stationary phase. The 1,4-disubstituted putrescine analogues with two chiral centres were also clearly resolved into their corresponding stereoisomers. When the chain length between the two amino groups was increased, no clear resolution was obtained of the monosubstituted cadaverine analogues as their N,N'-perfluoroacyl derivatives. However, resolution was obtained after derivatization of the cadaverine analogues with (-)-alpha-methoxy-alpha-trifluoromethylphenylacetyl chloride, followed by GC analysis on an achiral phase.
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38
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Wagner J, Wolf E, Heintzelmann B, Gaget C. Chiral separation of enantiomers of substituted alpha- and beta-alanine and gamma-aminobutyric acid analogues by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1987; 392:211-24. [PMID: 3597574 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)94267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Gas chromatography (GC) with a chiral stationary phase, Chirasil-Val, has been used for separation of the enantiomers of several analogues of alpha- and beta-alanine as their N-trifluoroacetyl isopropyl esters. The same chiral phase GC procedure has been applied to the enantiomeric separation of various substituted gamma-aminobutyric acid analogues (GABA). Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the chiral copper-L-proline complex allowed a clear resolution of all the alpha-amino acids in their underivatized forms. It yielded somewhat smaller separation coefficients for the substituted beta-alanines and no resolution for the GABA analogues. The influence of the nature of the amino acid, alpha, beta or gamma, and the effects of the different substituents on the separation coefficients obtained by GC and HPLC are discussed.
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39
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McCarthy JR, Barney CL, Matthews DP, Bargar TM. A facile synthesis of β-substituted-α-allenyl primary amines. Tetrahedron Lett 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)96081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Hiemstra H, Fortgens HP, Stegenga S, Speckamp W. Intramolecular reactions of acyclic N-acyliminium ions I propargyl silanes as nucleophiles. Tetrahedron Lett 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)98643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Jung MJ, Heydt JG, Casara P. Gamma-allenyl GABA, a new inhibitor of 4-amino butyrate amino transferase. Comparison with other inhibitors of this enzyme. Biochem Pharmacol 1984; 33:3717-20. [PMID: 6508828 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(84)90164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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42
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Danzin C, Casara P. alpha-Allenyl putrescine, an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of bacterial and mammalian ornithine decarboxylases. FEBS Lett 1984; 174:275-8. [PMID: 6381100 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(84)81172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
alpha-Allenyl putrescine (5,6-heptadiene-1,4-diamine) was designed as a new potential enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). This compound, and more specifically its (R)-enantiomer, produced time-dependent inhibitions of E. coli and rat liver ODC. The inhibitions exhibit saturation kinetics and were not relieved by prolonged dialysis of the inactivated enzyme. Selective inactivation of the two types of ODC by the (R)-enantiomer is in agreement with the stereochemistry reported for ornithine decarboxylation by the enzyme. Kinetic constants of E. coli ODC inactivation by alpha-(R)-allenyl putrescine compare favorably with other irreversible inhibitors of this enzyme.
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