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Hu X, Zhou Y, Liu R, Wang J, Guo L, Huang X, Li J, Yan Y, Liu F, Li X, Tan X, Luo Y, Wang P, Zhou S. Protein disulfide isomerase 1 is required for RodA assembling-based conidial hydrophobicity of Aspergillus fumigatus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0126023. [PMID: 38501925 PMCID: PMC11022560 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01260-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The hydrophobic layer of Aspergillus conidia, composed of RodA, plays a crucial role in conidia transfer and immune evasion. It self-assembles into hydrophobic rodlets through intramolecular disulfide bonds. However, the secretory process of RodA and its regulatory elements remain unknown. Since protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is essential for the secretion of many disulfide-bonded proteins, we investigated whether PDI is also involved in RodA secretion and assembly. By gene knockout and phenotypic analysis, we found that Pdi1, one of the four PDI-related proteins of Aspergillus fumigatus, determines the hydrophobicity and integrity of the rodlet layer of the conidia. Preservation of the thioredoxin-active domain of Pdi1 was sufficient to maintain conidial hydrophobicity, suggesting that Pdi1 mediates RodA assembly through its disulfide isomerase activity. In the absence of Pdi1, the disulfide mismatch of RodA in conidia may prevent its delivery from the inner to the outer layer of the cell wall for rodlet assembly. This was demonstrated using a strain expressing a key cysteine-mutated RodA. The dormant conidia of the Pdi1-deficient strain (Δpdi) elicited an immune response, suggesting that the defective conidia surface in the absence of Pdi1 exposes internal immunogenic sources. In conclusion, Pdi1 ensures the correct folding of RodA in the inner layer of conidia, facilitating its secretion into the outer layer of the cell wall and allowing self-assembly of the hydrophobic layer. This study has identified a regulatory element for conidia rodlet assembly.IMPORTANCEAspergillus fumigatus is the major cause of invasive aspergillosis, which is mainly transmitted by the inhalation of conidia. The spread of conidia is largely dependent on their hydrophobicity, which is primarily attributed to the self-assembly of the hydrophobic protein RodA on the cell wall. However, the mechanisms underlying RodA secretion and transport to the outermost layer of the cell wall are still unclear. Our study identified a critical role for Pdi1, a fungal protein disulfide isomerase found in regulating RodA secretion and assembly. Inhibition of Pdi1 prevents the formation of correct S-S bonds in the inner RodA, creating a barrier to RodA delivery and resulting in a defective hydrophobic layer. Our findings provided insight into the formation of the conidial hydrophobic layer and suggested potential drug targets to inhibit A. fumigatus infections by limiting conidial dispersal and altering their immune inertia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Renning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Feiyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shengmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Kim DM, Sakamoto I, Arioka M. Class VI G protein-coupled receptors in Aspergillus oryzae regulate sclerotia formation through GTPase-activating activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:141. [PMID: 38231240 PMCID: PMC10794492 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest family of transmembrane receptors in eukaryotes that sense and transduce extracellular signals into cells. In Aspergillus oryzae, 16 canonical GPCR genes are identified and classified into nine classes based on the sequence similarity and proposed functions. Class VI GPCRs (AoGprK-1, AoGprK-2, and AoGprR in A. oryzae), unlike other GPCRs, feature a unique hybrid structure containing both the seven transmembrane (7-TM) and regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) domains, which is not found in animal GPCRs. We report here that the mutants with double or triple deletion of class VI GPCR genes produced significantly increased number of sclerotia compared to the control strain when grown on agar plates. Interestingly, complementation analysis demonstrated that the expression of the RGS domain without the 7-TM domain is sufficient to restore the phenotype. In line with this, among the three Gα subunits in A. oryzae, AoGpaA, AoGpaB, and AoGanA, forced expression of GTPase-deficient mutants of either AoGpaA or AoGpaB caused an increase in the number of sclerotia formed, suggesting that RGS domains of class VI GPCRs are the negative regulators of these two GTPases. Finally, we measured the expression of velvet complex genes and sclerotia formation-related genes and found that the expression of velB was significantly increased in the multiple gene deletion mutants. Taken together, these results demonstrate that class VI GPCRs negatively regulate sclerotia formation through their GTPase-activating activity in the RGS domains. KEY POINTS: • Class VI GPCRs in A. oryzae regulate sclerotia formation in A. oryzae • RGS function of class VI GPCRs is responsible for regulation of sclerotia formation • Loss of class VI GPCRs resulted in increased expression of sclerotia-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Min Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Itsuki Sakamoto
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Manabu Arioka
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology (CRIIM), The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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Chen Z, Chen T, Zhang H, Li Y, Fan J, Yao L, Zeng B, Zhang Z. Functional role of a novel zinc finger protein, AoZFA, in growth and kojic acid synthesis in Aspergillus oryzae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0090923. [PMID: 37702504 PMCID: PMC10617589 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00909-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Kojic acid (KA) is a valuable secondary metabolite that is regulated by zinc finger proteins in Aspergillus oryzae. However, only two such proteins have been characterized to function in kojic acid production of A. oryzae to date. In this study, we identified a novel zinc finger protein, AoZFA, required for kojic acid biosynthesis in A. oryzae. Our results showed that disruption of AozfA led to increased expression of kojA and kojR involved in kojic acid synthesis, resulting in enhanced kojic acid production, while overexpression of AozfA had the opposite effect. Furthermore, deletion of kojR in the AozfA disruption strain abolished kojic acid production, whereas overexpression of kojR enhanced it, indicating that AoZFA regulates kojic acid production by affecting kojR. Transcriptional activation assay revealed that AoZFA is a transcriptional activator. Interestingly, when kojR was overexpressed in the AozfA overexpression strain, the production of kojic acid failed to be rescued, suggesting that AozfA plays a distinct role from kojR in kojic acid biosynthesis. Moreover, we found that AozfA was highly induced by zinc during early growth stages, and its overexpression inhibited the growth promoted by zinc, whereas its deletion had no effect, suggesting that AoZFA is non-essential but has a role in the response of A. oryzae to zinc. Overall, these findings provide new insights into the roles of zinc finger proteins in the growth and kojic acid production of A. oryzae.IMPORTANCEKojic acid (KA) is an economically valuable secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus oryzae due to its vast biological activities. Genetic modification of A. oryzae has emerged as an efficient strategy for enhancing kojic acid production, which is dependent on the mining of genes involved in kojic acid synthesis. In this study, we have characterized a novel zinc-finger protein, AoZFA, as a negative regulator of kojic acid production by affecting kojR. AozfA is an excellent target for improving kojic acid production without any effects on the growth of A. oryzae. Furthermore, the simultaneous modification of AozfA and kojR exerts a more significant promotional effect on kojic acid production than the modification of single genes. This study provides new insights for the regulatory mechanism of zinc finger proteins in the growth and kojic acid production of A. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tianming Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huanxin Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuzhen Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Junxia Fan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
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Elhalis H, See XY, Osen R, Chin XH, Chow Y. The potentials and challenges of using fermentation to improve the sensory quality of plant-based meat analogs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1267227. [PMID: 37860141 PMCID: PMC10582269 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1267227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advancements made in improving the quality of plant-based meat substitutes, more work needs to be done to match the texture, appearance, and flavor of real meat. This review aims to cover the sensory quality constraints of plant-based meat analogs and provides fermentation as a sustainable approach to push these boundaries. Plant-based meat analogs have been observed to have weak and soft textural quality, poor mouth feel, an unstable color, and unpleasant and beany flavors in some cases, necessitating the search for efficient novel technologies. A wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, as well as fungi like Fusarium venenatum and Neurospora intermedia, have improved the product texture to mimic fibrous meat structures. Additionally, the chewiness and hardness of the resulting meat analogs have been further improved through the use of Bacillus subtilis. However, excessive fermentation may result in a decrease in the final product's firmness and produce a slimy texture. Similarly, several microbial metabolites can mimic the color and flavor of meat, with some concerns. It appears that fermentation is a promising approach to modulating the sensory profiles of plant-derived meat ingredients without adverse consequences. In addition, the technology of starter cultures can be optimized and introduced as a new strategy to enhance the organoleptic properties of plant-based meat while still meeting the needs of an expanding and sustainable economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam Elhalis
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xin Yi See
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raffael Osen
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Hui Chin
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yvonne Chow
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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Elhalis H, Chin XH, Chow Y. Soybean fermentation: Microbial ecology and starter culture technology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-23. [PMID: 36916137 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2188951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Fermented soybean products, including Soya sauce, Tempeh, Miso, and Natto have been consumed for decades, mainly in Asian countries. Beans are processed using either solid-state fermentation, submerged fermentation, or a sequential of both methods. Traditional ways are still used to conduct the fermentation processes, which, depending on the fermented products, might take a few days or even years to complete. Diverse microorganisms were detected during fermentation in various processes with Bacillus species or filamentous fungi being the two main dominant functional groups. Microbial activities were essential to increase the bean's digestibility, nutritional value, and sensory quality, as well as lower its antinutritive factors. The scientific understanding of fermentation microbial communities, their enzymes, and their metabolic activities, however, still requires further development. The use of a starter culture is crucial, to control the fermentation process and ensure product consistency. A broad understanding of the spontaneous fermentation ecology, biochemistry, and the current starter culture technology is essential to facilitate further improvement and meet the needs of the current extending and sustainable economy. This review covers what is currently known about these aspects and reveals the limited available information, along with the possible directions for future starter culture design in soybean fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam Elhalis
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Nanos, Singapore, Singapore.,Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xin Hui Chin
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Nanos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yvonne Chow
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Nanos, Singapore, Singapore
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Warinner C. An Archaeology of Microbes. JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1086/721976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Warinner
- Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA 02138, and Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany 04103
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Chintagavongse N, Takiguchi H, Ming-Hsuan C, Tamano K, Hayakawa T, Wakamatsu JI, Mitani T, Kumura H. A study of lipolysis induced by adjuncts from edible Aspergillus sp. solid culture products on ripened semi-hard cheese. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4355-4362. [PMID: 35066876 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspergillus sp. has been used in traditional Japanese fermented foods. Protease-containing culture products of A. oryzae have been applied as the adjunct enzyme source to enrich the flavor in ripened cheese. Although proteolysis was stimulated, the increase of free fatty acids (FFA) was recognized in some products. Since an excess amount of FFA accumulation can cause rancidity in cheese products, the assessment of lipase activity was considered to be essential for the cheese adjunct preparation. RESULTS Although an equal lipase activity from the adjunct materials of A. kawachii NBRC 4308, A. luchuensis RIB 2604 and A. oryzae AHU 7139 was applied to semi-hard cheese, the FFA level was significantly higher in A. oryzae cheese than in the others. Furthermore, the profiles of volatile components were different in experimental cheeses. An in vitro study with experimental curds demonstrated that the high FFA might not depend on the lipase retainability on curds. On the contrary, the pronounced activation of the lipases occurred in A. oryzae after incubation with the curds. Moreover, incubation of the insoluble lipase that had been attached to the cells with skim milk curd extracts allowed the release of lipases from the cells into the medium with remarkable activation. CONCLUSION A. oryzae AHU 7139 possessed a complex lipolytic system comprising extracellular and cell-binding lipases that were attributed to the increase in FFA in A. oryzae cheese. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napaporn Chintagavongse
- Laboratory of Applied Food Science, Graduate School and Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hayate Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Applied Food Science, Graduate School and Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Koichi Tamano
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toru Hayakawa
- Laboratory of Applied Food Science, Graduate School and Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Wakamatsu
- Laboratory of Applied Food Science, Graduate School and Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Mitani
- Laboratory of Animal Production System, Graduate School and Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruto Kumura
- Laboratory of Applied Food Science, Graduate School and Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Mahata PK, Dass RS, Pan A, Muthusamy B. Substantive Morphological Descriptions, Phylogenetic Analysis and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Aspergillus Species From Foeniculum vulgare. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:832320. [PMID: 35250948 PMCID: PMC8894770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.832320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascomycetous fungi are found associated with a wide variety of substrates which range from fresh water to marine ecosystems, tropical to temperate forest soils and deserts, throughout the world over. These demystifying fungi exist as endophytes, pathogens and saprobes. They have been studied due to their ability to contaminate foods and feedstuffs, causing an elaboration of mycotoxins. The objectives of the study included extensive analyses of the morphological features of fungi, especially Aspergilli, which have been presented while studying them on specific mycological media. It is also an elaborate compilation of substantive macro- and micro-morphological characterization of different Aspergilli isolated from the spice Foeniculum vulgare used in India and other countries in the world. Further, a first of its kind attempt has been made to study their relative abundance and frequency of occurrence, molecular phylogeny and genetic relatedness to characterize the Aspergilli into specific sections, groups and clades. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was carried out to evaluate the functional consequences of nucleotide variations, synonymous and non-synonymous mutations in the protein structure. The study resulted in a total of 3,506 Aspergillus isolates, which were obtained from seventy (70) fennel samples, representing 14 Aspergillus species. The two most frequently found species were A. niger and A. flavus with a relative abundance of 32.24 and 11.63%, respectively. The taxonomy and current placements have been reappraised with suggestions and prospects for future research from six sections namely Terrei, Flavi, Fumigati, Nidulantes, Nigri, and Versicolores. In addition, a total number of 27 isolates were studied and deposited at the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and five Aspergillus species have been identified and are being reported for the first time from the fennel seeds, based on partial sequence analysis of the official fungal barcode namely, Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and a functional gene, beta tubulin gene locus, coupled with phenotypic characterization. SNPs for specific DNA regions have been used to identify variants in Aspergilli obtained from Indian fennel seeds for the first time. The need for a polyphasic approach of morphological identification and genetic characterization of Aspergilli from Foeniculum vulgare is addressed and presented here in adequate detail. Our current work makes extensive use of partial beta-tubulin gene sequences analyses to evaluate the association between SNPs in five Aspergillus species sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranab Kumar Mahata
- Fungal Genetics and Mycotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Regina Sharmila Dass
- Fungal Genetics and Mycotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
- *Correspondence: Regina Sharmila Dass,
| | - Archana Pan
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Babylakshmi Muthusamy
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bengaluru, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Li J, Sun Y, Liu F, Zhou Y, Yan Y, Zhou Z, Wang P, Zhou S. Increasing NADPH impairs fungal H 2O 2 resistance by perturbing transcriptional regulation of peroxiredoxin. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:1. [PMID: 38647831 PMCID: PMC10992141 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00489-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH provides the reducing power for decomposition of reactive oxygen species (ROS), making it an indispensable part during ROS defense. It remains uncertain, however, if living cells respond to the ROS challenge with an elevated intracellular NADPH level or a more complex NADPH-mediated manner. Herein, we employed a model fungus Aspergillus nidulans to probe this issue. A conditional expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-strain was constructed to manipulate intracellular NADPH levels. As expected, turning down the cellular NADPH concentration drastically lowered the ROS response of the strain; it was interesting to note that increasing NADPH levels also impaired fungal H2O2 resistance. Further analysis showed that excess NADPH promoted the assembly of the CCAAT-binding factor AnCF, which in turn suppressed NapA, a transcriptional activator of PrxA (the key NADPH-dependent ROS scavenger), leading to low antioxidant ability. In natural cell response to oxidative stress, we noticed that the intracellular NADPH level fluctuated "down then up" in the presence of H2O2. This might be the result of a co-action of the PrxA-dependent NADPH consumption and NADPH-dependent feedback of G6PD. The fluctuation of NADPH is well correlated to the formation of AnCF assembly and expression of NapA, thus modulating the ROS defense. Our research elucidated how A. nidulans precisely controls NADPH levels for ROS defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yanwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Feiyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yunfeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin cities, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - Shengmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Lv G, Xu Y, Tu Y, Cheng X, Zeng B, Huang J, He B. Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Limitation on Fatty Acid Contents in Aspergillus oryzae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:739569. [PMID: 34745041 PMCID: PMC8566876 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.739569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae, commonly known as koji mold, has been widely used for the large-scale production of food products (sake, makgeolli, and soy sauce) and can accumulate a high level of lipids. In the present study, we showed the dynamic changes in A. oryzae mycelium growth and conidia formation under nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient stress. The fatty acid profile of A. oryzae was determined and the content of unsaturated fatty acid was found increased under nitrogen and phosphorus limitation. Oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and γ-linolenic acid (C18:3) production were increased on five nitrogen and phosphorus limitation media, especially on nitrogen deep limitation and phosphorus limitation group, showing a 1. 2-, 1. 6-, and 2.4-fold increment, respectively, compared with the control. Transcriptomic analysis showed the expression profile of genes related to nitrogen metabolism, citrate cycle, and linoleic acid synthesis, resulting in the accumulation of unsaturated fatty acid. qRT-PCR results further confirmed the reliability and availability of the differentially expressed genes obtained from the transcriptome analysis. Our study provides a global transcriptome characterization of the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient stress adaptation process in A. oryzae. It also revealed that the molecular mechanisms of A. oryzae respond to nitrogen and phosphorus stress. Our finding facilitates the construction of industrial strains with a nutrient-limited tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongbo Lv
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yayi Tu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaojie Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin He
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
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12
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Genome Editing Technology and Its Application Potentials in the Industrial Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080638. [PMID: 34436177 PMCID: PMC8399504 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae is a filamentous fungus that has been used in traditional Japanese brewing industries, such as the sake, soy sauce, and miso production. In addition, A. oryzae has been used in heterologous protein production, and the fungus has been recently used in biosynthetic research due to its ability to produce a large amount of heterologous natural products by introducing foreign biosynthetic genes. Genetic manipulation, which is important in the functional development of A. oryzae, has mostly been limited to the wild strain RIB40, a genome reference suitable for laboratory analysis. However, there are numerous industrial brewing strains of A. oryzae with various specialized characteristics, and they are used selectively according to the properties required for various purposes such as sake, soy sauce, and miso production. Since the early 2000s, genome editing technologies have been developed; among these technologies, transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) have been applied to gene modification in A. oryzae. Notably, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has dramatically improved the efficiency of gene modification in industrial strains of A. oryzae. In this review, the development of genome editing technology and its application potentials in A. oryzae are summarized.
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13
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Inamdar AA, Morath S, Bennett JW. Fungal Volatile Organic Compounds: More Than Just a Funky Smell? Annu Rev Microbiol 2021; 74:101-116. [PMID: 32905756 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-012420-080428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with industry cause adverse health effects, but less is known about the physiological effects of biologically produced volatiles. This review focuses on the VOCs emitted by fungi, which often have characteristic moldy or "mushroomy" odors. One of the most common fungal VOCs, 1-octen-3-ol, is a semiochemical for many arthropod species and also serves as a developmental hormone for several fungal groups. Other fungal VOCs are flavor components of foods and spirits or are assayed in indirect methods for detecting the presence of mold in stored agricultural produce and water-damaged buildings. Fungal VOCs function as antibiotics as well as defense and plant-growth-promoting agents and have been implicated in a controversial medical condition known as sick building syndrome. In this review, we draw attention to the ubiquity, diversity, and toxicological significance of fungal VOCs as well as some of their ecological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arati A Inamdar
- Department of Pathology, RWJ Barnabas Health, Livingston, New Jersey 07039, USA;
| | - Shannon Morath
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA; ,
| | - Joan W Bennett
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA; ,
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14
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Yamamoto N, Watarai N, Koyano H, Sawada K, Toyoda A, Kurokawa K, Yamada T. Analysis of genomic characteristics and their influence on metabolism in Aspergillus luchuensis albino mutants using genome sequencing. Fungal Genet Biol 2021; 155:103601. [PMID: 34224861 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Black Aspergillus luchuensis and its white albino mutant are essential fungi for making alcoholic beverages in Japan. A large number of industrial strains have been created using novel isolation or gene/genome mutation techniques. Such mutations influence metabolic and phenotypic characteristics in industrial strains, but few comparative studies of inter-strain mutation have been conducted. We carried out comparative genome analyses of 8 industrial strains of A. luchuensis and A. kawachii IFO 4308, the latter being the first albino strain to be isolated. Phylogenetic analysis based on 8938 concatenated genes exposed the diversity of black koji strains and uniformity among albino industrial strains, suggesting that passaged industrial albino strains have more genetic mutations compared with strain IFO 4308 and black koji strains. Comparative analysis showed that the albino strains had mutations in genes not only for conidial pigmentation but also in those that encode N-terminal acetyltransferase A and annexin XIV-like protein. The results also suggest that some mutations may have emerged through subculturing of albino strains. For example, mutations in the genes for isocitrate lyase and sugar transporters were observed only in industrial albino strains. This implies that selective pressure for increasing enzyme activity or secondary metabolites may have influenced the mutation of genes associated with environmental stress responses in A. luchuensis albino strains. Our study clarifies hitherto unknown genetic and metabolic characteristics of A. luchuensis industrial strains and provides potential applications for comparative genome analysis for breeding koji strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Naoki Watarai
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Koyano
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sawada
- Corporate Strategy Office, Gurunavi, Inc., Toho Hibiya Building, 1-2-2 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0006, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Ken Kurokawa
- Department of Informatics, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamada
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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15
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Jin FJ, Hu S, Wang BT, Jin L. Advances in Genetic Engineering Technology and Its Application in the Industrial Fungus Aspergillus oryzae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:644404. [PMID: 33708187 PMCID: PMC7940364 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.644404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae is an important strain in the traditional fermentation and food processing industries and is often used in the production of soy sauce, soybean paste, and liquor-making. In addition, A. oryzae has a strong capacity to secrete large amounts of hydrolytic enzymes; therefore, it has also been used in the enzyme industry as a cell factory for the production of numerous native and heterologous enzymes. However, the production and secretion of foreign proteins by A. oryzae are often limited by numerous bottlenecks that occur during transcription, translation, protein folding, translocation, degradation, transport, secretion, etc. The existence of these problems makes it difficult to achieve the desired target in the production of foreign proteins by A. oryzae. In recent years, with the decipherment of the whole genome sequence, basic research and genetic engineering technologies related to the production and utilization of A. oryzae have been well developed, such as the improvement of homologous recombination efficiency, application of selectable marker genes, development of large chromosome deletion technology, utilization of hyphal fusion techniques, and application of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing systems. The development and establishment of these genetic engineering technologies provided a great deal of technical support for the industrial production and application of A. oryzae. This paper reviews the advances in basic research and genetic engineering technologies of the fermentation strain A. oryzae mentioned above to open up more effective ways and research space for the breeding of A. oryzae production strains in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jie Jin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Hu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bao-Teng Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Jin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Katayama T, Bayram Ö, Mo T, Karahoda B, Valerius O, Takemoto D, Braus GH, Kitamoto K, Maruyama JI. Novel Fus3- and Ste12-interacting protein FsiA activates cell fusion-related genes in both Ste12-dependent and -independent manners in Ascomycete filamentous fungi. Mol Microbiol 2020; 115:723-738. [PMID: 33155715 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous fungal cells, unlike yeasts, fuse during vegetative growth. The orthologs of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase Fus3 and transcription factor Ste12 are commonly involved in the regulation of cell fusion. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms underlying cell fusion in filamentous fungi have not been revealed. In the present study, we identified the novel protein FsiA as an AoFus3- and AoSte12-interacting protein in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae. The expression of AonosA and cell fusion-related genes decreased upon fsiA deletion and increased with fsiA overexpression, indicating that FsiA is a positive regulator of cell fusion. In addition, the induction of cell fusion-related genes by fsiA overexpression was also observed in the Aoste12 deletion mutant, indicating that FsiA can induce the cell fusion-related genes in an AoSte12-independent manner. Surprisingly, the fsiA and Aoste12 double deletion mutant exhibited higher cell fusion efficiency and increased mRNA levels of the cell fusion-related genes as compared to the fsiA single deletion mutant, which revealed that AoSte12 represses the cell fusion-related genes in the fsiA deletion mutant. Taken together, our data demonstrate that FsiA activates the cell fusion-related genes by suppressing the negative function of AoSte12 as well as by an AoSte12-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Katayama
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Özgür Bayram
- Biology Department, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Taoning Mo
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Betim Karahoda
- Biology Department, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daigo Takemoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katsuhiko Kitamoto
- Pharmaceutical Medical Business Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Maruyama
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Kan E, Tomita H, Katsuyama Y, Maruyama JI, Koyama Y, Ohnishi Y. Discovery of the 2,4'-Dihydroxy-3'-methoxypropiophenone Biosynthesis Genes in Aspergillus oryzae. Chembiochem 2020; 22:203-211. [PMID: 32885554 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae has 27 putative iterative type I polyketide synthase (PKS) gene clusters, but the secondary metabolites produced by them are mostly unknown. Here, we focused on eight clusters that were reported to be expressed at relatively high levels in a transcriptome analysis. By comparing metabolites between an octuple-deletion mutant of these eight PKS gene clusters and its parent strain, we found that A. oryzae produced 2,4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxypropiophenone (1) and its precursor, 4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxypropiophenone (3) in a specific liquid medium. Furthermore, an iterative type I PKS (PpsB) encoded by AO090102000166 and an acetyl-CoA ligase (PpsA) encoded downstream from ppsB were shown to be essential for their biosynthesis. PpsC, encoded upstream from ppsB, was shown to have 3-binding activity (Kd =26.0±6.2 μM) and is suggested to be involved in the conversion of 3 to 1. This study deepens our understanding of cryptic secondary metabolism in A. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichiro Kan
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,Noda Institute for Scientific Research, 338, Noda, Noda City, Chiba, 278-0037, Japan
| | - Hiroya Tomita
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yohei Katsuyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Maruyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasuji Koyama
- Noda Institute for Scientific Research, 338, Noda, Noda City, Chiba, 278-0037, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ohnishi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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18
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Huynh HH, Morita N, Sakamoto T, Katayama T, Miyakawa T, Tanokura M, Chiba Y, Shinkura R, Maruyama JI. Functional production of human antibody by the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2020; 7:7. [PMID: 32514366 PMCID: PMC7257131 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-020-00098-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as biopharmaceuticals take a pivotal role in the current therapeutic applications. Generally mammalian cell lines, such as those derived from Chinese hamster ovaries (CHO), are used to produce the recombinant antibody. However, there are still concerns about the high cost and the risk of pathogenic contamination when using mammalian cells. Aspergillus oryzae, a filamentous fungus recognized as a GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) organism, has an ability to secrete a large amount of proteins into the culture supernatant, and thus the fungus has been used as one of the cost-effective microbial hosts for heterologous protein production. Pursuing this strategy the human anti-TNFα antibody adalimumab, one of the world's best-selling antibodies for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, was chosen to produce the full length of mAbs by A. oryzae. Generally, N-glycosylation of the antibody affects immune effector functions such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) via binding to the Fc receptor (FcγR) on immune cells. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to first delete the Aooch1 gene encoding a key enzyme for the hyper-mannosylation process in fungi to investigate the binding ability of antibody with FcγRIIIa. Results Adalimumab was expressed in A. oryzae by the fusion protein system with α-amylase AmyB. The full-length adalimumab consisting of two heavy and two light chains was successfully produced in the culture supernatants. Among the producing strains, the highest amount of antibody was obtained from the ten-protease deletion strain (39.7 mg/L). Two-step purifications by Protein A and size-exclusion chromatography were applied to obtain the high purity sample for further analysis. The antigen-binding and TNFα neutralizing activities of the adalimumab produced by A. oryzae were comparable with those of a commercial product Humira®. No apparent binding with the FcγRIIIa was detected with the recombinant adalimumab even by altering the N-glycan structure using the Aooch1 deletion strain, which suggests only a little additional activity of immune effector functions. Conclusion These results demonstrated an alternative low-cost platform for human antibody production by using A. oryzae, possibly offering a reasonable expenditure for patient's welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Hiep Huynh
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Morita
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Katayama
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Chiba
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Reiko Shinkura
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Maruyama
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Fujii I, Hashimoto M, Konishi K, Unezawa A, Sakuraba H, Suzuki K, Tsushima H, Iwasaki M, Yoshida S, Kudo A, Fujita R, Hichiwa A, Saito K, Asano T, Ishikawa J, Wakana D, Goda Y, Watanabe A, Watanabe M, Masumoto Y, Kanazawa J, Sato H, Uchiyama M. Shimalactone Biosynthesis Involves Spontaneous Double Bicyclo-Ring Formation with 8π-6π Electrocyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8464-8470. [PMID: 32129542 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Shimalactones A and B are neuritogenic polyketides possessing characteristic oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and bicyclo[4.2.0]octadiene ring systems that are produced by the marine fungus Emericella variecolor GF10. We identified a candidate biosynthetic gene cluster and conducted heterologous expression analysis. Expression of ShmA polyketide synthase in Aspergillus oryzae resulted in the production of preshimalactone. Aspergillus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformants expressing ShmA and ShmB produced shimalactones A and B, thus suggesting that the double bicyclo-ring formation reactions proceed non-enzymatically from preshimalactone epoxide. DFT calculations strongly support the idea that oxabicyclo-ring formation and 8π-6π electrocyclization proceed spontaneously after opening of the preshimalactone epoxide ring through protonation. We confirmed the formation of preshimalactone epoxide in vitro, followed by its non-enzymatic conversion to shimalactones in the dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Fujii
- Division of Natural Product Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Division of Natural Product Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan.,Current address: Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Kaori Konishi
- Division of Natural Product Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Akiko Unezawa
- Division of Natural Product Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Haruka Sakuraba
- Division of Natural Product Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Kenta Suzuki
- Division of Natural Product Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Harue Tsushima
- Division of Natural Product Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Miho Iwasaki
- Division of Natural Product Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Satsuki Yoshida
- Division of Natural Product Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Akane Kudo
- Division of Natural Product Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Rina Fujita
- Division of Natural Product Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Aika Hichiwa
- Division of Natural Product Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Koharu Saito
- Division of Natural Product Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Takashi Asano
- Division of Natural Product Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Jun Ishikawa
- Department of Bioactive Molecules, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Daigo Wakana
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.,Current address: Department of Organic Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Goda
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Ayumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yui Masumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Junichiro Kanazawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hajime Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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20
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Fujii I, Hashimoto M, Konishi K, Unezawa A, Sakuraba H, Suzuki K, Tsushima H, Iwasaki M, Yoshida S, Kudo A, Fujita R, Hichiwa A, Saito K, Asano T, Ishikawa J, Wakana D, Goda Y, Watanabe A, Watanabe M, Masumoto Y, Kanazawa J, Sato H, Uchiyama M. Shimalactone Biosynthesis Involves Spontaneous Double Bicyclo‐Ring Formation with 8π‐6π Electrocyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isao Fujii
- Division of Natural Product Sciences School of Pharmacy Iwate Medical University 1-1-1 Idaidori Yahaba Iwate 028-3694 Japan
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Division of Natural Product Sciences School of Pharmacy Iwate Medical University 1-1-1 Idaidori Yahaba Iwate 028-3694 Japan
- Current address: Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Musashino University 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi Tokyo 202-8585 Japan
| | - Kaori Konishi
- Division of Natural Product Sciences School of Pharmacy Iwate Medical University 1-1-1 Idaidori Yahaba Iwate 028-3694 Japan
| | - Akiko Unezawa
- Division of Natural Product Sciences School of Pharmacy Iwate Medical University 1-1-1 Idaidori Yahaba Iwate 028-3694 Japan
| | - Haruka Sakuraba
- Division of Natural Product Sciences School of Pharmacy Iwate Medical University 1-1-1 Idaidori Yahaba Iwate 028-3694 Japan
| | - Kenta Suzuki
- Division of Natural Product Sciences School of Pharmacy Iwate Medical University 1-1-1 Idaidori Yahaba Iwate 028-3694 Japan
| | - Harue Tsushima
- Division of Natural Product Sciences School of Pharmacy Iwate Medical University 1-1-1 Idaidori Yahaba Iwate 028-3694 Japan
| | - Miho Iwasaki
- Division of Natural Product Sciences School of Pharmacy Iwate Medical University 1-1-1 Idaidori Yahaba Iwate 028-3694 Japan
| | - Satsuki Yoshida
- Division of Natural Product Sciences School of Pharmacy Iwate Medical University 1-1-1 Idaidori Yahaba Iwate 028-3694 Japan
| | - Akane Kudo
- Division of Natural Product Sciences School of Pharmacy Iwate Medical University 1-1-1 Idaidori Yahaba Iwate 028-3694 Japan
| | - Rina Fujita
- Division of Natural Product Sciences School of Pharmacy Iwate Medical University 1-1-1 Idaidori Yahaba Iwate 028-3694 Japan
| | - Aika Hichiwa
- Division of Natural Product Sciences School of Pharmacy Iwate Medical University 1-1-1 Idaidori Yahaba Iwate 028-3694 Japan
| | - Koharu Saito
- Division of Natural Product Sciences School of Pharmacy Iwate Medical University 1-1-1 Idaidori Yahaba Iwate 028-3694 Japan
| | - Takashi Asano
- Division of Natural Product Sciences School of Pharmacy Iwate Medical University 1-1-1 Idaidori Yahaba Iwate 028-3694 Japan
| | - Jun Ishikawa
- Department of Bioactive Molecules National Institute of Infectious Diseases 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8640 Japan
| | - Daigo Wakana
- National Institute of Health Sciences 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku Kanagawa 210-9501 Japan
- Current address: Department of Organic Chemistry Hoshi University 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 142-8501 Japan
| | - Yukihiro Goda
- National Institute of Health Sciences 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku Kanagawa 210-9501 Japan
| | - Ayumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yui Masumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Junichiro Kanazawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hajime Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR) Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR) Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
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Wang BT, Hu S, Yu XY, Jin L, Zhu YJ, Jin FJ. Studies of Cellulose and Starch Utilization and the Regulatory Mechanisms of Related Enzymes in Fungi. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030530. [PMID: 32121667 PMCID: PMC7182937 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are biopolymers made up of a large number of monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds. Polysaccharides are widely distributed in nature: Some, such as peptidoglycan and cellulose, are the components that make up the cell walls of bacteria and plants, and some, such as starch and glycogen, are used as carbohydrate storage in plants and animals. Fungi exist in a variety of natural environments and can exploit a wide range of carbon sources. They play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle because of their ability to break down plant biomass, which is composed primarily of cell wall polysaccharides, including cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. Fungi produce a variety of enzymes that in combination degrade cell wall polysaccharides into different monosaccharides. Starch, the main component of grain, is also a polysaccharide that can be broken down into monosaccharides by fungi. These monosaccharides can be used for energy or as precursors for the biosynthesis of biomolecules through a series of enzymatic reactions. Industrial fermentation by microbes has been widely used to produce traditional foods, beverages, and biofuels from starch and to a lesser extent plant biomass. This review focuses on the degradation and utilization of plant homopolysaccharides, cellulose and starch; summarizes the activities of the enzymes involved and the regulation of the induction of the enzymes in well-studied filamentous fungi.
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Wang BT, Yu XY, Zhu YJ, Zhuang M, Zhang ZM, Jin L, Jin FJ. Research progress on the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors of Aspergillus species. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019; 109:31-59. [PMID: 31677646 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins belong to a superfamily of transcription factors, and they are widely distributed in eukaryotic organisms. Members of the bHLH protein family can form homodimers or heterodimers with themselves or other family members, and they often play bifunctional roles as activators and repressors to uniquely regulate the transcription of downstream target genes. The bHLH transcription factors are usually involved in developmental processes, including cellular proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, these transcription factors often play crucial roles in regulating growth, development, and differentiation in eukaryotes. Aspergillus species fungi are widely distributed in the environment, and they play important roles not only in the decomposition of organic matter as an important environmental microorganism but also in the fermentation and the food processing industry. Furthermore, some pathogenic fungi, such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus, affect the environment and human health in important ways. Recent research has shown that some Aspergillus bHLH proteins are significantly involved in the regulation of asexual and sexual reproduction, secondary metabolite production, carbohydrate metabolism, conidial and sclerotial production, among other processes. Here, we review the regulatory mechanisms and biological functions of the bHLH transcription factors of the Aspergillus genus to provide a theoretical reference for further study on the growth and development of Aspergillus and the functions of bHLHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Teng Wang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing-Ye Yu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun-Jia Zhu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao Zhuang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Min Zhang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Jin
- College of Biology and the Environment, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Jie Jin
- College of Biology and the Environment, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
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23
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Kim KU, Kim KM, Choi YH, Hurh BS, Lee I. Whole genome analysis of Aspergillus sojae SMF 134 supports its merits as a starter for soybean fermentation. J Microbiol 2019; 57:874-883. [PMID: 31250400 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-9152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus sojae is a koji (starter) mold that has been applied for food fermentation in Asia. The whole genome of A. sojae SMF 134, which was isolated from meju (Korean soybean fermented brick), was analyzed at the genomic level to evaluate its potential as a starter for soybean fermentation. The genome size was 40.1 Mbp, which was expected to be composed of eight chromosomes with 13,748 ORFs. Strain SMF 134 had a total of 151 protease genes, among which two more leucine aminopeptidase (lap) genes were found in addition to the previously known lap 1, and three γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (ggt) genes were newly identified. Such genomic characteristics of SMF 134 with many protease and flavor-related (lap and ggt) genes support its merits as a starter for soybean fermentation. In addition, this first complete genome of A. sojae will allow for further genetic studies to better understand the production of various enzymes, including proteases, LAPs, and GGTs, as well as other characteristics as a starter mold for soybean fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Uk Kim
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Project, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Project, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Choi
- Sempio Fermentation Research Center, Sempio Foods Company, Cheongju, 28156, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Serk Hurh
- Sempio Fermentation Research Center, Sempio Foods Company, Cheongju, 28156, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhyung Lee
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Project, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Mori N, Katayama T, Saito R, Iwashita K, Maruyama JI. Inter-strain expression of sequence-diverse HET domain genes severely inhibits growth of Aspergillus oryzae. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1557-1569. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1580138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In the Pezizomycotina (filamentous ascomycete) species, genes that encode proteins with an HET domain (Pfam: PF06985) are reportedly involved in heterokaryon incompatibility (HI) in which cell death or growth defects are induced after fusion of cells that are genetically incompatible owing to diversities in their nucleotide sequence. HET domain genes are commonly found in Pezizomycotina genomes and are functionally characterized in only a few species. Here, we compared 44 HET domain genes between an incompatible strain pair of Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 and RIB128 and performed inter-strain expression of 37 sequence-diverse genes for mimicking HI. Four HET domain genes were identified to cause severe growth inhibition in a strain- or sequence-specific manner. Furthermore, SNPs responsible for the inhibition of cell growth were identified. This study provides an important insight into the physiological significance of sequence diversity of HET domain genes and their potential functions in HI of A. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Katayama
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Saito
- Division of Fundamental Research, National Research Institute of Brewing (NRIB), Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iwashita
- Division of Fundamental Research, National Research Institute of Brewing (NRIB), Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Maruyama
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Jiang H, Horwitz AA, Wright C, Tai A, Znameroski EA, Tsegaye Y, Warbington H, Bower BS, Alves C, Co C, Jonnalagadda K, Platt D, Walter JM, Natarajan V, Ubersax JA, Cherry JR, Love JC. Challenging the workhorse: Comparative analysis of eukaryotic micro-organisms for expressing monoclonal antibodies. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1449-1462. [PMID: 30739333 PMCID: PMC6836876 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
For commercial protein therapeutics, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have an established history of safety, proven capability to express a wide range of therapeutic proteins and high volumetric productivities. Expanding global markets for therapeutic proteins and increasing concerns for broadened access of these medicines has catalyzed consideration of alternative approaches to this platform. Reaching these objectives likely will require an order of magnitude increase in volumetric productivity and a corresponding reduction in the costs of manufacture. For CHO-based manufacturing, achieving this combination of targeted improvements presents challenges. Based on a holistic analysis, the choice of host cells was identified as the single most influential factor for both increasing productivity and decreasing costs. Here we evaluated eight wild-type eukaryotic micro-organisms with prior histories of recombinant protein expression. The evaluation focused on assessing the potential of each host, and their corresponding phyla, with respect to key attributes relevant for manufacturing, namely (a) growth rates in industry-relevant media, (b) adaptability to modern techniques for genome editing, and (c) initial characterization of product quality. These characterizations showed that multiple organisms may be suitable for production with appropriate engineering and development and highlighted that yeast in general present advantages for rapid genome engineering and development cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Jiang
- Research and Development, Amyris Inc., Emeryville, California
| | | | - Chapman Wright
- Engineering & Technology, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Anna Tai
- Research and Development, Amyris Inc., Emeryville, California
| | | | - Yoseph Tsegaye
- Research and Development, Amyris Inc., Emeryville, California
| | | | | | | | - Carl Co
- Engineering & Technology, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Darren Platt
- Research and Development, Amyris Inc., Emeryville, California
| | | | | | | | - Joel R Cherry
- Research and Development, Amyris Inc., Emeryville, California
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26
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Wakai S, Nakashima N, Ogino C, Tsutsumi H, Hata Y, Kondo A. Modified expression of multi-cellulases in a filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 276:146-153. [PMID: 30623869 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae, a filamentous fungus, can secrete large amounts of enzymes extracellularly. We constructed a genetically engineered A. oryzae that simultaneously produced cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase, and β-glucosidase by integrating multiple copies of the genes encoding these cellulases into fungal chromosomes. The resulting strain possessed 5-16 copies of each cellulase gene within the chromosome and showed approximately 10-fold higher activity versus single integration strains. Copy number polymorphisms were attributed to differences in flanking region sequence for the integrated gene fragments. Furthermore, we found that the P-sodM/T-glaB set demonstrated the strongest transcription levels per gene copy number. We therefore modified promoter/terminator set and cellulase gene combinations based on this polymorphism and transcription level data, with the resulting transformant showing 40-fold higher cellulolytic activity versus the single integration strain. This designed expression method could be useful for the overexpression of multiple enzymes and pathway flux control-mediated metabolic engineering in A. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Wakai
- Graduate School of Science, Technology, and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Nanami Nakashima
- Graduate School of Science, Technology, and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsutsumi
- Research Institute, Gekkeikan Sake Co. Ltd., 101 Shimotoba-koyanagi-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 612-8385, Japan
| | - Yoji Hata
- Research Institute, Gekkeikan Sake Co. Ltd., 101 Shimotoba-koyanagi-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 612-8385, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology, and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
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27
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Screening, optimization of culture conditions and scale-up for production of the L-Glutaminase by novel isolated Bacillus sps. mutant endophyte using response surface methodology. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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28
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Gao B, He L, Wei D, Zhang L. Identification and magnetic immobilization of a pyrophilous aspartic protease from Antarctic psychrophilic fungus. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Gao
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Lei He
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Lujia Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai China
- NYU‐ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai Shanghai China
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29
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BiFC-based visualisation system reveals cell fusion morphology and heterokaryon incompatibility in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2922. [PMID: 29440689 PMCID: PMC5811552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae is an industrially important filamentous fungus used for Japanese traditional food fermentation and heterologous protein production. Although cell fusion is important for heterokaryon formation and sexual/parasexual reproduction required for cross breeding, knowledge on cell fusion and heterokaryon incompatibility in A. oryzae is limited because of low cell fusion frequency. Therefore, we aimed to develop a BiFC system to specifically visualise fused cells and facilitate the analysis of cell fusion in A. oryzae. The cell fusion ability and morphology of 15 A. oryzae strains were investigated using heterodimerising proteins LZA and LZB fused with split green fluorescence protein. Morphological investigation of fused cells revealed that cell fusion occurred mainly as conidial anastomosis during the early growth stage. Self-fusion abilities were detected in most industrial A. oryzae strains, but only a few strain pairs showed non-self fusion. Protoplast fusion assay demonstrated that almost all the pairs capable of non-self fusion were capable of heterokaryon formation and vice versa, thus providing the first evidence of heterokaryon incompatibility in A. oryzae. The BiFC system developed in this study provides an effective method in studying morphology of fused cells and heterokaryon incompatibility in the filamentous fungal species with low cell fusion efficiency.
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30
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Han T, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Han D, Lv N, Han X, Zhao G, Wang M. The changes of nutrient composition of piled laying hen manure and anaerobic fermentation for recycling as a dietary ingredient for ruminants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 206:768-773. [PMID: 29161679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the changes of nutrient compositions of piled laying hen manure, detected the physical and chemical components of laying hen manure fermented by mixed strains, and analysed its application effects on feeding ruminants. The results showed that with increasing of piling time, the contents of crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) in laying hen manure were reduced, while the contents of crude ash (CA), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) were increased. Fermentation could effectively decrease pH value, reduce Ca/P ratio, lessen the total bacterial counts, and maintain the organisms contents in laying hen manure. The results of ruminants feeding test indicated that replacing 20% diet with laying hen manure fermentation products (MFP), the weight gain and reproductive rate were respectively decreased by 9.99% and 2% compared with the control group, and the differences were not statistically significant. This technology could recycle laying hen manures as ruminant feeds, for the purpose of reducing environmental pollution and improving economic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Han
- Chifeng Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Chifeng, 024031, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Wang
- Chifeng Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Chifeng, 024031, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Chifeng Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Chifeng, 024031, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shanxi Animal Husbandry and Veterinary School, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Han
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Lv
- Chifeng Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Chifeng, 024031, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Han
- Chifeng Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Chifeng, 024031, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- Chifeng Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Chifeng, 024031, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Chifeng Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Chifeng, 024031, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Early endosome motility mediates α-amylase production and cell differentiation in Aspergillus oryzae. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15757. [PMID: 29150640 PMCID: PMC5693997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research in filamentous fungi has revealed that the motility of an endocytic organelle early endosome (EE) has a versatile role in many physiological functions. Here, to further examine the motility of EEs in the industrially important fungus Aspergillus oryzae, we visualized these organelles via the Rab5 homolog AoRab5 and identified AoHok1, a putative linker protein between an EE and a motor protein. The Aohok1 disruptant showed retarded mycelial growth and no EE motility, in addition to an apical accumulation of EEs and peroxisomes. We further demonstrated that the Aohok1 disruptant exhibited less sensitivity to osmotic and cell wall stresses. Analyses on the protein secretory pathway in ΔAohok1 cells showed that, although distribution of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi was not affected, formation of the apical secretory vesicle cluster Spitzenkörper was impaired, probably resulting in the observed reduction of the A. oryzae major secretory protein α-amylase. Moreover, we revealed that the transcript level of α-amylase-encoding gene amyB was significantly reduced in the Aohok1 disruptant. Furthermore, we observed perturbed conidial and sclerotial formations, indicating a defect in cell differentiation, in the Aohok1 disruptant. Collectively, our results suggest that EE motility is crucial for α-amylase production and cell differentiation in A. oryzae.
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32
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Zheng YM, Lin FL, Gao H, Zou G, Zhang JW, Wang GQ, Chen GD, Zhou ZH, Yao XS, Hu D. Development of a versatile and conventional technique for gene disruption in filamentous fungi based on CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9250. [PMID: 28835711 PMCID: PMC5569088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi represent an invaluable source of pharmaceutically active compounds. The development of versatile methods to genetically manipulate filamentous fungi is of great value for improving the low yields of bioactive metabolites and expanding chemical diversity. The CRISPR-Cas9-based system has become a common platform for genome editing in a variety of organisms. However, recent application of this technology in filamentous fungi is limited to model strains, a versatile method for efficient gene disruption in different fungi is lacking. Here, we investigated the utility of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in a less-studied fungus Nodulisporium sp. (No. 65-12-7-1), and we have developed an efficient CRISPR-Cas9-based gene disruption strategy by simultaneous transformation of in vitro transcriptional gRNA and the linear maker gene cassette into the Cas9-expressing fungi. We found that the linear marker gene cassette could not only allow for selection of transformants, but also significantly enhance the gene disruption efficiency by inserting itself into the Cas9 cut site. Moreover, the above approach also demonstrated its efficiency in two other phylogenetically distinct strains Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1 and Sporormiella minima (No. 40-1-4-1) from two different classes of Ascomycota. These results suggested that a versatile CRISPR-Cas9-based gene disruption method in filamentous fungi was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Zheng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Fu-Long Lin
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Gen Zou
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiang-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Gao-Qian Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Guo-Dong Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Zhou
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
In this article, we review some of the best-studied fungi used as food sources, in particular, the cheese fungi, the truffles, and the fungi used for drink fermentation such as beer, wine, and sake. We discuss their history of consumption by humans and the genomic mechanisms of adaptation during artificial selection.
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Park HS, Jun SC, Han KH, Hong SB, Yu JH. Diversity, Application, and Synthetic Biology of Industrially Important Aspergillus Fungi. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017; 100:161-202. [PMID: 28732553 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The filamentous fungal genus Aspergillus consists of over 340 officially recognized species. A handful of these Aspergillus fungi are predominantly used for food fermentation and large-scale production of enzymes, organic acids, and bioactive compounds. These industrially important Aspergilli primarily belong to the two major Aspergillus sections, Nigri and Flavi. Aspergillus oryzae (section Flavi) is the most commonly used mold for the fermentation of soybeans, rice, grains, and potatoes. Aspergillus niger (section Nigri) is used in the industrial production of various enzymes and organic acids, including 99% (1.4 million tons per year) of citric acid produced worldwide. Better understanding of the genomes and the signaling mechanisms of key Aspergillus species can help identify novel approaches to enhance these commercially significant strains. This review summarizes the diversity, current applications, key products, and synthetic biology of Aspergillus fungi commonly used in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Soo Park
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jae-Hyuk Yu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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Kawaguchi K, Kikuma T, Higuchi Y, Takegawa K, Kitamoto K. Subcellular localization of acyl-CoA binding protein in Aspergillus oryzae is regulated by autophagy machinery. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:8-12. [PMID: 27725156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP) is important for cellular activities, such as in lipid metabolism. In the industrially important fungus Aspergillus oryzae, the ACBP, known as AoACBP, has been biochemically characterized, but its physiological function is not known. In the present study, although we could not find any phenotype of AoACBP disruptants in the normal growth conditions, we examined the subcellular localization of AoACBP to understand its physiological function. Using an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged AoACBP construct we showed that AoACBP localized to punctate structures in the cytoplasm, some of which moved inside the cells in a microtubule-dependent manner. Further microscopic analyses showed that AoACBP-EGFP co-localized with the autophagy marker protein AoAtg8 tagged with red fluorescent protein (mDsRed). Expression of AoACBP-EGFP in disruptants of autophagy-related genes revealed aggregation of AoACBP-EGFP fluorescence in the cytoplasm of Aoatg1, Aoatg4 and Aoatg8 disruptant cells. However, in cells harboring disruption of Aoatg15, which encodes a lipase for autophagic body, puncta of AoACBP-EGFP fluorescence accumulated in vacuoles, indicating that AoACBP is transported to vacuoles via the autophagy machinery. Collectively, these results suggest the existence of a regulatory mechanism between AoACBP localization and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Kawaguchi
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikuma
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yujiro Higuchi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Takegawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kitamoto
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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Maeda H, Sakai D, Kobayashi T, Morita H, Okamoto A, Takeuchi M, Kusumoto KI, Amano H, Ishida H, Yamagata Y. Three extracellular dipeptidyl peptidases found in Aspergillus oryzae show varying substrate specificities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4947-58. [PMID: 26846741 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Three extracellular dipeptidyl peptidase genes, dppB, dppE, and dppF, were unveiled by sequence analysis of the Aspergillus oryzae genome. We investigated their differential enzymatic profiles, in order to gain an understanding of the diversity of these genes. The three dipeptidyl peptidases were expressed using Aspergillus nidulans as the host. Each recombinant enzyme was purified and subsequently characterized. The enzymes displayed similar optimum pH values, but optimum temperatures, pH stabilities, and substrate specificities varied. DppB was identified as a Xaa-Prolyl dipeptidyl peptidase, while DppE scissile substrates were similar to the substrates for Aspergillus fumigatus DPPV (AfDPPV). DppF was found to be a novel enzyme that could digest both substrates for A. fumigatus DPPIV and AfDPPV. Semi-quantitative PCR revealed that the transcription of dppB in A. oryzae was induced by protein substrates and repressed by the addition of an inorganic nitrogen source, despite the presence of protein substrates. The transcription of dppE depended on its growth time, while the transcription of dppF was not affected by the type of the nitrogen source in the medium, and it started during the early stage of the fungal growth. Based on these results, we conclude that these enzymes may represent the nutrition acquisition enzymes. Additionally, DppF may be one of the sensor peptidases responsible for the detection of the protein substrates in A. oryzae environment. DppB may be involved in nitrogen assimilation control, since the transcription of dppB was repressed by NaNO3, despite the presence of protein substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Maeda
- Department of Applied Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 1838509, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Applied Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 1838509, Japan
| | - Takuji Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 1838509, Japan
| | - Hiroto Morita
- Department of Applied Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 1838509, Japan
- Microbiology & Fermentation Laboratory, CALPIS Co. Ltd. 5-11-10 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 2520206, Japan
| | - Ayako Okamoto
- Department of Applied Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 1838509, Japan
| | - Michio Takeuchi
- Department of Applied Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 1838509, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kusumoto
- National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3058642, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Amano
- Amano Enzyme Inc., 1-2-7 Nishiki, Naka-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 4608630, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishida
- Gekkeikan Sake Co., Ltd., 247 Minamihama-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 6128660, Japan
| | - Youhei Yamagata
- Department of Applied Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 1838509, Japan.
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Kashiwa N, Ebizuka Y, Fujii I. Identification and Heterologous Expression of the Topopyrone Nonaketide Synthase Gene from <i>Phoma</i> sp. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:947-51. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Kashiwa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yutaka Ebizuka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Isao Fujii
- School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University
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Nakamura H, Kikuma T, Jin FJ, Maruyama JI, Kitamoto K. AoRim15 is involved in conidial stress tolerance, conidiation and sclerotia formation in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 121:365-71. [PMID: 26467693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The serine-threonine kinase Rim15p is a master regulator of stress signaling and is required for stress tolerance and sexual sporulation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, in filamentous fungi that reproduce asexually via conidiation, the physiological function of Rim15p homologs has not been extensively analyzed. Here, we functionally characterized the protein homolog of Rim15p in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae, by deleting and overexpressing the corresponding Aorim15 gene and examining the role of this protein in stress tolerance and development. Deletion of Aorim15 resulted in an increase in the sensitivity of conidia to oxidative and heat stresses, whereas conidia of the Aorim15 overexpressing strain were more resistant to these stresses. These results indicated that AoRim15 functions in stress tolerance, similar to S. cerevisiae Rim15p. Phenotypic analysis revealed that conidiation was markedly reduced by overexpression of Aorim15 in A. oryzae, and was completely abolished in the deletion strain. In addition, the formation of sclerotia, which is another type of developmental structure in filamentous fungi, was decreased by the deletion of Aorim15, whereas Aorim15 overexpression increased the number of sclerotia. These results indicated that AoRim15 is a positive regulator of sclerotia formation and that overexpression of AoRim15 shifts the developmental balance from conidiation towards sclerotia formation. Collectively, we demonstrated that AoRim15 is involved in the stress tolerance of conidia and differentially regulates between the two developmental fates of conidiation and sclerotia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Nakamura
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikuma
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Feng Jie Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Maruyama
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiko Kitamoto
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Wang N, Seko A, Takeda Y, Kikuma T, Ito Y. Cooperative role of calnexin and TigA in Aspergillus oryzae glycoprotein folding. Glycobiology 2015; 25:1090-9. [PMID: 26085184 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Calnexin (CNX), known as a lectin chaperone located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), specifically recognizes G1M9GN2-proteins and facilitates their proper folding with the assistance of ERp57 in mammalian cells. However, it has been left unidentified how CNX works in Aspergillus oryzae, which is a filamentous fungus widely exploited in biotechnology. In this study, we found that a protein disulfide isomerase homolog TigA can bind with A. oryzae CNX (AoCNX), which was revealed to specifically recognize monoglucosylated glycans, similarly to CNX derived from other species, and accelerate the folding of G1M9GN2-ribonuclease (RNase) in vitro. For refolding experiments, a homogeneous monoglucosylated high-mannose-type glycoprotein G1M9GN2-RNase was chemoenzymatically synthesized from G1M9GN-oxazoline and GN-RNase. Denatured G1M9GN2-RNase was refolded with highest efficiency in the presence of both soluble form of AoCNX and TigA. TigA contains two thioredoxin domains with CGHC motif, mutation analysis of which revealed that the one in N-terminal regions is involved in binding to AoCNX, while the other in catalyzing protein refolding. The results suggested that in glycoprotein folding process of A. oryzae, TigA plays a similar role as ERp57 in mammalian cells, as a partner protein of AoCNX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Ito Glycotrilogy Project, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akira Seko
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Ito Glycotrilogy Project, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takeda
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Ito Glycotrilogy Project, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikuma
- Department of Biotechnology, the University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Ito Glycotrilogy Project, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Microbial diversity and their roles in the vinegar fermentation process. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:4997-5024. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Aspergillus oryzae pathways that convert phenylalanine into the flavor volatile 2-phenylethanol. Fungal Genet Biol 2015; 77:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wakai S, Yoshie T, Asai-Nakashima N, Yamada R, Ogino C, Tsutsumi H, Hata Y, Kondo A. L-lactic acid production from starch by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation in a genetically engineered Aspergillus oryzae pure culture. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 173:376-383. [PMID: 25314668 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid is a commodity chemical that can be produced biologically. Lactic acid-producing Aspergillus oryzae strains were constructed by genetic engineering. The A. oryzae LDH strain with the bovine L-lactate dehydrogenase gene produced 38 g/L of lactate from 100g/L of glucose. Disruption of the wild-type lactate dehydrogenase gene in A. oryzae LDH improved lactate production. The resulting strain A. oryzae LDHΔ871 produced 49 g/L of lactate from 100g/L of glucose. Because A. oryzae strains innately secrete amylases, A. oryzae LDHΔ871 produced approximately 30 g/L of lactate from various starches, dextrin, or maltose (all at 100 g/L). To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of lactate from starch using a pure culture of transgenic A. oryzae. Our results indicate that A. oryzae could be a promising host for the bioproduction of useful compounds such as lactic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Wakai
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yoshie
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Nanami Asai-Nakashima
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yamada
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsutsumi
- Research Institute, Gekkeikan Sake Co. Ltd., 101 Shimotoba-koyanagi-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 612-8385, Japan
| | - Yoji Hata
- Research Institute, Gekkeikan Sake Co. Ltd., 101 Shimotoba-koyanagi-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 612-8385, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
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Modulating endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi cargo receptors for improving secretion of carrier-fused heterologous proteins in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 81:533-43. [PMID: 25362068 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02133-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are excellent hosts for industrial protein production due to their superior secretory capacity; however, the yield of heterologous eukaryotic proteins is generally lower than that of fungal or endogenous proteins. Although activating protein folding machinery in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) improves the yield, the importance of intracellular transport machinery for heterologous protein secretion is poorly understood. Here, using Aspergillus oryzae as a model filamentous fungus, we studied the involvement of two putative lectin-like cargo receptors, A. oryzae Vip36 (AoVip36) and AoEmp47, in the secretion of heterologous proteins expressed in fusion with the endogenous enzyme α-amylase as the carrier. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that mDsRed-tagged AoVip36 localized in the Golgi compartment, whereas AoEmp47 showed localization in both the ER and the Golgi compartment. Deletion of AoVip36 and AoEmp47 improved heterologous protein secretion, but only AoVip36 deletion had a negative effect on the secretion of α-amylase. Analysis of ER-enriched cell fractions revealed that AoVip36 and AoEmp47 were involved in the retention of heterologous proteins in the ER. However, the overexpression of each cargo receptor had a different effect on heterologous protein secretion: AoVip36 enhanced the secretion, whereas AoEmp47 promoted the intracellular retention. Taken together, our data suggest that AoVip36 and AoEmp47 hinder the secretion of heterologous proteins by promoting their retention in the ER but that AoVip36 also promotes the secretion of heterologous proteins. Moreover, we found that genetic deletion of these putative ER-Golgi cargo receptors significantly improves heterologous protein production. The present study is the first to propose that ER-Golgi transport is a bottleneck for heterologous protein production in filamentous fungi.
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Characterization of soybean fermented by aflatoxin non-producing Aspergillus oryzae and γ-aminobutyric acid producing Lactobacillus brevis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-014-4227-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tsukasaki W, Maruyama JI, Kitamoto K. Establishment of a new method to quantitatively evaluate hyphal fusion ability in Aspergillus oryzae. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:1254-62. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.917262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Hyphal fusion is involved in the formation of an interconnected colony in filamentous fungi, and it is the first process in sexual/parasexual reproduction. However, it was difficult to evaluate hyphal fusion efficiency due to the low frequency in Aspergillus oryzae in spite of its industrial significance. Here, we established a method to quantitatively evaluate the hyphal fusion ability of A. oryzae with mixed culture of two different auxotrophic strains, where the ratio of heterokaryotic conidia growing without the auxotrophic requirements reflects the hyphal fusion efficiency. By employing this method, it was demonstrated that AoSO and AoFus3 are required for hyphal fusion, and that hyphal fusion efficiency of A. oryzae was increased by depleting nitrogen source, including large amounts of carbon source, and adjusting pH to 7.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Tsukasaki
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Improvement of Heterologous Protein Production inAspergillus oryzaeby RNA Interference with α-Amylase Genes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 73:2370-3. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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A Eukaryotic Copper-Containing Nitrite Reductase Derived from a NirK Homolog Gene ofAspergillus oryzae. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 74:984-91. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mabashi Y, Kikuma T, Maruyama JI, Arioka M, Kitamoto K. Development of a Versatile Expression Plasmid Construction System forAspergillus oryzaeand Its Application to Visualization of Mitochondria. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 70:1882-9. [PMID: 16880596 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report here a development of the MultiSite Gateway(TM)-based versatile plasmid construction system applicable for the rapid and efficient preparation of Aspergillus oryzae expression plasmids. This system allows the simultaneous connection of the three DNA fragments inserted in entry clones along with a destination vector in a defined order and orientation. We prepared a variety of entry clones and destination vectors containing promoters, genes encoding carrier-proteins and fusion tags, and selectable markers, which makes it possible to generate 80 expression plasmids for each target protein. Using this system, plasmids for expression of the EGFP fused with the mitochondrial-targeting signal of citrate synthase (AoCit1) were generated. Tubular structures of mitochondria were visualized in the transformants expressing the AoCit1-EGFP fusion protein. This plasmid construction system allows us to prepare a large number of expression plasmids without laborious DNA manipulations, which would facilitate molecular biological studies on A. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Mabashi
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Yamada R, Yoshie T, Wakai S, Asai-Nakashima N, Okazaki F, Ogino C, Hisada H, Tsutsumi H, Hata Y, Kondo A. Aspergillus oryzae-based cell factory for direct kojic acid production from cellulose. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:71. [PMID: 24885968 PMCID: PMC4035902 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-13-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kojic acid (5-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-pyrone) is one of the major secondary metabolites in Aspergillus oryzae. It is widely used in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The production cost, however, is too high for its use in many applications. Thus, an efficient and cost-effective kojic acid production process would be valuable. However, little is known about the complete set of genes for kojic acid production. Currently, kojic acid is produced from glucose. The efficient production of kojic acid using cellulose as an inexpensive substrate would help establish cost-effective kojic acid production. Results A kojic acid transcription factor gene over-expressing the A. oryzae strain was constructed. Three genes related to kojic acid production in this strain were transcribed in higher amounts than those found in the wild-type strain. This strain produced 26.4 g/L kojic acid from 80 g/L glucose. Furthermore, this strain was transformed with plasmid harboring 3 cellulase genes. The resultant A. oryzae strain successfully produced 0.18 g/L of kojic acid in 6 days of fermentation from the phosphoric acid swollen cellulose. Conclusions Kojic acid was produced directly from cellulose material using genetically engineered A. oryzae. Because A. oryzae has efficient protein secretion ability and secondary metabolite productivity, an A. oryzae-based cell factory could be a platform for the production of various kinds of bio-based chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Akihiko Kondo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
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Li CH, Yan TR. Use of Aspergillus niger β-glucosidase II gene (bglII) promoter elements to construct an efficient expression vector. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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