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Palecki J, Bhasin A, Bernstein A, Mille PJ, Tester WJ, Kelly WK, Zarrabi KK. T-Cell redirecting bispecific antibodies: a review of a novel class of immuno-oncology for advanced prostate cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2356820. [PMID: 38801069 PMCID: PMC11135853 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2356820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel T-cell immunotherapies such as bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) are emerging as promising therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer. BiTEs are engineered bispecific antibodies containing two distinct binding domains that allow for concurrent binding to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) as well as immune effector cells, thus promoting an immune response against cancer cells. Prostate cancer is rich in tumor associated antigens such as, but not limited to, PSMA, PSCA, hK2, and STEAP1 and there is strong biologic rationale for employment of T-cell redirecting BiTEs within the prostate cancer disease space. Early generation BiTE constructs employed in clinical study have demonstrated meaningful antitumor activity, but challenges related to drug delivery, immunogenicity, and treatment-associated adverse effects limited their success. The ongoing development of novel BiTE constructs continues to address these barriers and to yield promising results in terms of efficacy and safety. This review will highlight some of most recent developments of BiTE therapies for patients with advanced prostate cancer and the evolving data surrounding BiTE constructs undergoing clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Palecki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amman Bhasin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick J. Mille
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William J. Tester
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wm. Kevin Kelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin K. Zarrabi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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2
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Luo X, Qiu Y, Fitzsimonds ZR, Wang Q, Chen Q, Lei YL. Immune escape of head and neck cancer mediated by the impaired MHC-I antigen presentation pathway. Oncogene 2024; 43:388-394. [PMID: 38177410 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Tumor immune evasion is a hallmark of Head and Neck Cancers. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the first-line setting has transformed the management of these tumors. Unfortunately, the response rate of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (HNSCC) to ICIs is below 15%, regardless of the human papillomavirus (HPV) status, which might be partially related with impaired antigen presentation machinery (APM). Mechanistically, HNSCC cells are usually defective in the expression of MHC-I associated APM, while this transcriptional pathway is critical for the activation of tumor-killing effector T-cells. To specifically illuminate the phenomenon and seek for therapeutic strategies, this review summarizes the most recently identified role of genetic and functional dysregulation of the MHC-I pathway, specifically through changes at the genetic, epigenetic, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels, which substantially contributes to HNSCC immune escape and ICI resistance. Several treatment modalities can be potentially exploited to restore APM signaling in tumors, which improves anti-tumor immunity through the activation of interferons, vaccines or rimantadine against HPV and the inhibition of EGFR, SHP-2, PI3K and MEK. Additionally, the combinatorial use of radiotherapy or cytotoxic agents with ICIs can synergize to potentiate APM signaling. Future directions would include further dissection of MHC-I related APM signaling in HNSCC and whether reversing this inhibition in combination with ICIs would elicit a more robust immune response leading to improved response rates in HNSCC. Therapeutic approaches to restore the MHC-I antigen presentation machinery in Head and Neck Cancer. (Red color texts represent the according strategies and the outcomes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zackary R Fitzsimonds
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rogel Cancer Center, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Qiuhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yu Leo Lei
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rogel Cancer Center, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Kostecki KL, Iida M, Crossman BE, Salgia R, Harari PM, Bruce JY, Wheeler DL. Immune Escape Strategies in Head and Neck Cancer: Evade, Resist, Inhibit, Recruit. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:312. [PMID: 38254801 PMCID: PMC10814769 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) arise from the mucosal lining of the aerodigestive tract and are often associated with alcohol use, tobacco use, and/or human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Over 600,000 new cases of HNC are diagnosed each year, making it the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Historically, treatments have included surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, and while these treatments are still the backbone of current therapy, several immunotherapies have recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in HNC. The role of the immune system in tumorigenesis and cancer progression has been explored since the early 20th century, eventually coalescing into the current three-phase model of cancer immunoediting. During each of the three phases-elimination, equilibrium, and escape-cancer cells develop and utilize multiple strategies to either reach or remain in the final phase, escape, at which point the tumor is able to grow and metastasize with little to no detrimental interference from the immune system. In this review, we summarize the many strategies used by HNC to escape the immune system, which include ways to evade immune detection, resist immune cell attacks, inhibit immune cell functions, and recruit pro-tumor immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourtney L. Kostecki
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (K.L.K.); (M.I.); (B.E.C.)
| | - Mari Iida
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (K.L.K.); (M.I.); (B.E.C.)
| | - Bridget E. Crossman
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (K.L.K.); (M.I.); (B.E.C.)
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Paul M. Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (K.L.K.); (M.I.); (B.E.C.)
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Justine Y. Bruce
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Deric L. Wheeler
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (K.L.K.); (M.I.); (B.E.C.)
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
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Ghazvinian Z, Abdolahi S, Tokhanbigli S, Tarzemani S, Piccin A, Reza Zali M, Verdi J, Baghaei K. Contribution of natural killer cells in innate immunity against colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1077053. [PMID: 36686835 PMCID: PMC9846259 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1077053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells are members of the innate immune system and promote cytotoxic activity against tumor or infected cells independently from MHC recognition. NK cells are modulated by the expression of activator/inhibitory receptors. The ratio of this activator/inhibitory receptors is responsible for the cytotoxic activity of NK cells toward the target cells. Owing to the potent anti-tumor properties of NK cells, they are considered as interesting approach in tumor treatment. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of death in the world and the incidence is about 2 million new cases per year. Metastatic CRC is accompanied by a poor prognosis with less than three years of overall survival. Chemotherapy and surgery are the most adopted treatments. Besides, targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade are novel approach to CRC treatment. In these patients, circulating NK cells are a prognostic marker. The main target of CRC immune cell therapy is to improve the tumor cell's recognition and elimination by immune cells. Adaptive NK cell therapy is the milestone to achieve the purpose. Allogeneic NK cell therapy has been widely investigated within clinical trials. In this review, we focus on the NK related approaches including CAR NK cells, cell-based vaccines, monoclonal antibodies and immunomodulatory drugs against CRC tumoral cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ghazvinian
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Abdolahi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Tokhanbigli
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Tarzemani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Piccin
- Northern Ireland Blood Transfusion Service, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Verdi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Expression of HLA class I is associated with immune cell infiltration and patient outcome in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20367. [PMID: 36437379 PMCID: PMC9701770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Downregulation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I is one mechanism of escaping anti-tumor immunity by tumor cells. This study was conducted to compare HLA class I expression in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) and to evaluate its association with immune cell infiltration of the tumors and clinical outcome of the patients. A total of 830 cases comprising 288 DCIS and 542 IBC were included in this study. Immunohistochemistry for HLA class I expression was performed using HLA-ABC in tissue microarrays and was analyzed in relation to clinicopathologic characteristics of tumors and infiltration of CD4+, CD8+, and FOXP3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) subsets and PD-L1+ immune cells. As a whole, there was no difference in HLA class I expression between DCIS and IBC when dichotomized into high or low expression. However, in the HR-negative group, a high level of HLA class I expression was more frequent in IBC than DCIS. On the contrary, in the HR-positive group, a complete loss of HLA class I expression was more frequently observed in IBC than DCIS. High HLA class I expression level was generally associated with aggressive clinicopathologic features of IBC and was associated with high CD4+, CD8+, and FOXP3+ TIL and PD-L1+ immune cell infiltration in both DCIS and IBC. In survival analyses, HLA class I expression was not associated with clinical outcome in DCIS and IBC as a whole; however, low HLA class I expression was associated with poor clinical outcome in HR-negative IBC, especially in triple-negative subtype. In conclusion, this study showed that HLA class I expression increased in association with increased immune cell infiltration during in situ to invasive transition of HR-negative breast cancer, and HLA class I down-regulation had a prognostic value in HR-negative breast cancer.
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Sarcoma Common MHC-I Haplotype Restricts Tumor-Specific CD8+ T Cell Response. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143414. [PMID: 35884474 PMCID: PMC9322060 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoint pathways have recently attracted great attention in cancer treatment, but better strategies are needed to identify patients likely to benefit from it. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression in cancer cells greatly influences the outcome of T cell-mediated immunotherapy. Here, we determined the prevalent HLA class I allelic variants in a sarcoma population. We characterized patient CD8+ T-cells and demonstrated low cytolysis to autologous tumor cells. Moreover, we used a co-culture model of autologous T-cells and PD-L1-deficient or positive biopsies of rare sarcomas to determine whether HLA-I influences tumor survival. Abstract The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression in cancer cells has a crucial impact on the outcome of T cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy. We now determined the HLA class I allelic variants and their expression in PD-L1-deficient and positive rare sarcoma tissues. Tumor tissues were HLA-I classified based on HLA-A and -B alleles, and for class II, the HLA-DR-B by Taqman genomic PCRs. The HLA-A24*:10-B73*:01 haplotype was the most common. A general down-regulation or deletion of HLA-B mRNA and HLA-A was observed, compared to HLA-DR-B. HLA-I was almost too low to be detectable by immunohistochemistry and 32% of grade III cases were positive to PD-L1. Functional cytotoxic assays co-culturing patient biopsies with autologous T cells were used to assess their ability to kill matched tumor cells. These results establish that deletion of HLA-I loci together with their down-regulation in individual patient restrict the autologous lymphocyte cytotoxic activity, even in the presence of the immune checkpoint blocking antibody, Nivolumab. Additionally, the proposed cytotoxic test suggests a strategy to assess the sensitivity of tumor cells to T cell-mediated attack at the level of the individual patient.
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Lee PC, Klaeger S, Le PM, Korthauer K, Cheng J, Ananthapadmanabhan V, Frost TC, Stevens JD, Wong AY, Iorgulescu JB, Tarren AY, Chea VA, Carulli IP, Lemvigh CK, Pedersen CB, Gartin AK, Sarkizova S, Wright KT, Li LW, Nomburg J, Li S, Huang T, Liu X, Pomerance L, Doherty LM, Apffel AM, Wallace LJ, Rachimi S, Felt KD, Wolff JO, Witten E, Zhang W, Neuberg D, Lane WJ, Zhang G, Olsen LR, Thakuria M, Rodig SJ, Clauser KR, Starrett GJ, Doench JG, Buhrlage SJ, Carr SA, DeCaprio JA, Wu CJ, Keskin DB. Reversal of viral and epigenetic HLA class I repression in Merkel cell carcinoma. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e151666. [PMID: 35775490 PMCID: PMC9246387 DOI: 10.1172/jci151666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers avoid immune surveillance through an array of mechanisms, including perturbation of HLA class I antigen presentation. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive, HLA-I-low, neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin often caused by the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Through the characterization of 11 newly generated MCC patient-derived cell lines, we identified transcriptional suppression of several class I antigen presentation genes. To systematically identify regulators of HLA-I loss in MCC, we performed parallel, genome-scale, gain- and loss-of-function screens in a patient-derived MCPyV-positive cell line and identified MYCL and the non-canonical Polycomb repressive complex 1.1 (PRC1.1) as HLA-I repressors. We observed physical interaction of MYCL with the MCPyV small T viral antigen, supporting a mechanism of virally mediated HLA-I suppression. We further identify the PRC1.1 component USP7 as a pharmacologic target to restore HLA-I expression in MCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C. Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan Klaeger
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Phuong M. Le
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keegan Korthauer
- Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jingwei Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Varsha Ananthapadmanabhan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas C. Frost
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Virology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Stevens
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan Y.L. Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J. Bryan Iorgulescu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Y. Tarren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vipheaviny A. Chea
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isabel P. Carulli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Camilla K. Lemvigh
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christina B. Pedersen
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ashley K. Gartin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Virology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Siranush Sarkizova
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyle T. Wright
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Letitia W. Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason Nomburg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Virology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Teddy Huang
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology
| | - Lucas Pomerance
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology, and
| | - Laura M. Doherty
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology
- Department of Systems Biology and Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Annie M. Apffel
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luke J. Wallace
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Suzanna Rachimi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Witten
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wandi Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William J. Lane
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guanglan Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lars R. Olsen
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manisha Thakuria
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Merkel Cell Carcinoma Center of Excellence, Dana-Farber/Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott J. Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Immuno-Oncology and
| | - Karl R. Clauser
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gabriel J. Starrett
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John G. Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara J. Buhrlage
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology
| | - Steven A. Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James A. DeCaprio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Virology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Merkel Cell Carcinoma Center of Excellence, Dana-Farber/Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Derin B. Keskin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Hot or cold: Bioengineering immune contextures into in vitro patient-derived tumor models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113791. [PMID: 33965462 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have proven to be tremendously effective for a subset of cancer patients. However, it is difficult to predict the response of individual patients and efforts are now directed at understanding the mechanisms of ICI resistance. Current models of patient tumors poorly recapitulate the immune contexture, which describe immune parameters that are associated with patient survival. In this Review, we discuss parameters that influence the induction of different immune contextures found within tumors and how engineering strategies may be leveraged to recapitulate these contextures to develop the next generation of immune-competent patient-derived in vitro models.
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9
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Patel SS, Nota SP, Sabbatino F, Nielsen GP, Deshpande V, Wang X, Ferrone S, Schwab JH. Defective HLA Class I Expression and Patterns of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Chordoma Tumors. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2021; 479:1373-1382. [PMID: 33273248 PMCID: PMC8133041 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no effective systemic therapies for chordoma. The recent successes of immunotherapeutic strategies in other cancers have resulted in a resurgence of interest in using immunotherapy in chordoma. These approaches rely on a functional interaction between the host's immune system and the expression of tumor peptides via the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class I antigen. It is not known whether chordoma cells express the HLA Class I antigen. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) Do chordoma tumors exhibit defects in HLA Class I antigen expression? (2) What is the pattern of lymphocyte infiltration in chordoma tumors? METHODS Patients with chordoma treated at Massachusetts General Hospital between 1989 and 2009 were identified with permission from the institutional review board. Of the 75 patients who were identified, 24 human chordoma tumors were selected from 24 distinct patients based on tissue availability. Histology slides from these 24 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded chordoma tissue samples were deparaffinized using xylene and ethanol and underwent heat-induced antigen retrieval in a citrate buffer. Samples were incubated with monoclonal antibodies directed against HLA Class I antigen processing machinery components. Antibody binding was detected via immunohistochemical staining. Staining intensity (negative, weakly positive, strongly positive) was assessed semiquantitatively and the percentage of chordoma cells stained for HLA Class I antigen subunits was assessed quantitatively. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained histology slides from the same 24 chordoma samples were assessed qualitatively for the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and histologic location of these lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies directed against CD4 and CD8 was performed in a quantitative manner to identify the lymphocyte subtype present in chordoma tumors. All results were scored independently by two investigators and were confirmed by a senior bone and soft tissue pathologist. RESULTS Seven of 24 chordoma samples exhibited no staining by the anti-HLA-A heavy chain monoclonal antibody HC-A2, two had weak staining intensity, and eight had a heterogeneous staining pattern, with fewer than 60% of chordoma cells exhibiting positive staining results. Four of 24 samples tested were not stained by the anti-HLA-B/C heavy chain monoclonal antibody HC-10, five had weak staining intensity, and 11 displayed a heterogeneous staining pattern. For the anti-β-2-microglobulin monoclonal antibody NAMB-1, staining was detected in all samples, but 11 had weak staining intensity and four displayed a heterogeneous staining pattern. Twenty-one of 24 samples tested had decreased expression in at least one subunit of HLA Class I antigens. No tumors were negative for all three subunits. Lymphocytic infiltration was found in 21 of 24 samples. Lymphocytes were primarily found in the fibrous septae between chordoma lobules but also within the tumor lobules and within the fibrous septae and tumor lobules. Twenty-one of 24 tumors had CD4+ T cells and 11 had CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSION In chordoma tissue samples, HLA Class I antigen defects commonly were present, suggesting a mechanism for escape from host immunosurveillance. Additionally, nearly half of the tested samples had cytotoxic CD8+ T cells present in chordoma tumors, suggesting that the host may be capable of mounting an immune response against chordoma tumors. The resulting selective pressure imposed on chordoma tumors may lead to the outgrowth of chordoma cell subpopulations that can evade the host's immune system. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings have implications in the design of immunotherapeutic strategies for chordoma treatment. T cell recognition of tumor cells requires HLA Class I antigen expression on the targeted tumor cells. Defects in HLA Class I expression may play a role in the clinical course of chordoma and may account for the limited or lack of efficacy of T cell-based immunity triggered by vaccines and/or checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalin S Patel
- S. S. Patel, Orthopaedic Spine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- S. S. Patel, S. P. Nota, S. Ferrone, J. H. Schwab, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F. Sabbatino, X. Wang, S. Ferrone, Surgical Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- G. P. Nielsen, V. Deshpande, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sjoerd P Nota
- S. S. Patel, Orthopaedic Spine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- S. S. Patel, S. P. Nota, S. Ferrone, J. H. Schwab, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F. Sabbatino, X. Wang, S. Ferrone, Surgical Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- G. P. Nielsen, V. Deshpande, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesco Sabbatino
- S. S. Patel, Orthopaedic Spine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- S. S. Patel, S. P. Nota, S. Ferrone, J. H. Schwab, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F. Sabbatino, X. Wang, S. Ferrone, Surgical Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- G. P. Nielsen, V. Deshpande, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Petur Nielsen
- S. S. Patel, Orthopaedic Spine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- S. S. Patel, S. P. Nota, S. Ferrone, J. H. Schwab, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F. Sabbatino, X. Wang, S. Ferrone, Surgical Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- G. P. Nielsen, V. Deshpande, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- S. S. Patel, Orthopaedic Spine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- S. S. Patel, S. P. Nota, S. Ferrone, J. H. Schwab, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F. Sabbatino, X. Wang, S. Ferrone, Surgical Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- G. P. Nielsen, V. Deshpande, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinhui Wang
- S. S. Patel, Orthopaedic Spine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- S. S. Patel, S. P. Nota, S. Ferrone, J. H. Schwab, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F. Sabbatino, X. Wang, S. Ferrone, Surgical Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- G. P. Nielsen, V. Deshpande, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- S. S. Patel, Orthopaedic Spine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- S. S. Patel, S. P. Nota, S. Ferrone, J. H. Schwab, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F. Sabbatino, X. Wang, S. Ferrone, Surgical Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- G. P. Nielsen, V. Deshpande, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph H Schwab
- S. S. Patel, Orthopaedic Spine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- S. S. Patel, S. P. Nota, S. Ferrone, J. H. Schwab, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F. Sabbatino, X. Wang, S. Ferrone, Surgical Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- G. P. Nielsen, V. Deshpande, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Bansal D, Reimers MA, Knoche EM, Pachynski RK. Immunotherapy and Immunotherapy Combinations in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020334. [PMID: 33477569 PMCID: PMC7831137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most prostate cancers are localized, and the majority are curable, recurrences occur in approximately 35% of men. Among patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence and PSA doubling time (PSADT) less than 15 months after radical prostatectomy, prostate cancer accounted for approximately 90% of the deaths by 15 years after recurrence. An immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and impaired cellular immunity are likely largely responsible for the limited utility of checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) in advanced prostate cancer compared with other tumor types. Thus, for immunologically "cold" malignancies such as prostate cancer, clinical trial development has pivoted towards novel approaches to enhance immune responses. Numerous clinical trials are currently evaluating combination immunomodulatory strategies incorporating vaccine-based therapies, checkpoint inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Other trials evaluate the efficacy and safety of these immunomodulatory agents' combinations with standard approaches such as androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), taxane-based chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Here, we will review promising immunotherapies in development and ongoing trials for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). These novel trials will build on past experiences and promise to usher a new era to treat patients with mCRPC.
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11
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Sato Y. Development of Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Macromolecules Based on the Molecular Design of pH-Sensitive Cationic Lipids. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:1141-1159. [PMID: 34853281 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Considerable efforts have been made on the development of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for delivering of nucleic acids in LNP-based medicines, including a first-ever short interfering RNA (siRNA) medicine, Onpattro, and the mRNA vaccines against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which have been approved and are currently in use worldwide. The successful rational design of ionizable cationic lipids was a major breakthrough that dramatically increased delivery efficiency in this field. The LNPs would be expected to be useful as a platform technology for the delivery of various therapeutic modalities for genome editing and even for undiscovered therapeutic mechanisms. In this review, the current progress of my research, including the molecular design of pH-sensitive cationic lipids, their applications for various tissues and cell types, and for delivering various macromolecules, including siRNA, antisense oligonucleotide, mRNA, and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated (Cas) system will be described. Mechanistic studies regarding relationships between the physicochemical properties of LNPs, drug delivery, and biosafety are also summarized. Furthermore, current issues that need to be addressed for next generation drug delivery systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
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12
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Gunawardana J, Lee JN, Bednarska K, Murigneux V, de Long LM, Sabdia MB, Birch S, Tobin JWD, Gandhi MK. Genetic aberrations of NLRC5 are associated with downregulated MHC-I antigen presentation and impaired T-cell immunity in follicular lymphoma. EJHAEM 2020; 1:517-526. [PMID: 35845006 PMCID: PMC9176136 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Twenty to twenty-five percent of FL patients have progression of disease within 24 months. These patients may benefit from immunotherapy if intact antigen presentation is present. Molecular mechanisms impairing major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC-I) in FL remain undefined. Here, by sequencing of 172 FL tumours, we found the MHC-I transactivator NLRC5 was the most frequent gene abnormality in the MHC-I pathway. Pyrosequencing showed that epigenetic silencing of the NLRC5 promoter occurred in 30% of cases and was mutually exclusive to copy number loss (CNL) in NLRC5 (∼6% of cases). Hypermethylation and CNLs ("NLRC5 aberrant") had reduced NLRC5 gene expression compared to wild-type (WT) cases. By NanoString, there was reduced gene expression of the MHC-I pathway in aberrant tissues, including immunoproteasome components (PSMB8 and PSMB9), peptide transporters of antigen processing (TAP1), and MHC-I (HLA-A), compared to WT. By immunofluorescent microscopy, fewer NLRC5 protein-expressing malignant B-cells were observed in NLRC5 aberrant tissue sections compared to NLRC5 WT (P < .01). Consistent with a pivotal role in the activation of CD8+ T-cells, both CD8 and CD137 strongly correlated with NLRC5 expression (both r > 0.7; P < .0001). Further studies are required to determine whether patients with aberrant NLRC5 have a diminished response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Gunawardana
- Mater ResearchUniversity of Queensland, Translational Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Justina N. Lee
- Diamantina InstituteUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Karolina Bednarska
- Mater ResearchUniversity of Queensland, Translational Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Valentine Murigneux
- Diamantina InstituteUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- QFAB BioinformaticsInstitute for Molecular BioscienceUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Lilia Merida de Long
- Mater ResearchUniversity of Queensland, Translational Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Muhammed B. Sabdia
- Mater ResearchUniversity of Queensland, Translational Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Simone Birch
- Princess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Joshua W. D. Tobin
- Mater ResearchUniversity of Queensland, Translational Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Maher K. Gandhi
- Mater ResearchUniversity of Queensland, Translational Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Princess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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13
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Unconventional Peptide Presentation by Classical MHC Class I and Implications for T and NK Cell Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207561. [PMID: 33066279 PMCID: PMC7590165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell-mediated immune recognition of peptides is initiated upon binding of the antigen receptor on T cells (TCR) to the peptide-MHC complex. TCRs are typically restricted by a particular MHC allele, while polymorphism within the MHC molecule can affect the spectrum of peptides that are bound and presented to the TCR. Classical MHC Class I molecules have a confined binding groove that restricts the length of the presented peptides to typically 8-11 amino acids. Both N- and C-termini of the peptide are bound within binding pockets, allowing the TCR to dock in a diagonal orientation above the MHC-peptide complex. Longer peptides have been observed to bind either in a bulged or zig-zag orientation within the binding groove. More recently, unconventional peptide presentation has been reported for different MHC I molecules. Here, either N- or C-terminal amino acid additions to conventionally presented peptides induced a structural change either within the MHC I molecule that opened the confined binding groove or within the peptide itself, allowing the peptide ends to protrude into the solvent. Since both TCRs on T cells and killer immunoglobulin receptors on Natural Killer (NK) cells contact the MHC I molecule above or at the periphery of the peptide binding groove, unconventionally presented peptides could modulate both T cell and NK cell responses. We will highlight recent advances in our understanding of the functional consequences of unconventional peptide presentation in cellular immunity.
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Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable malignancy of plasma cells. Recently multiple new therapeutic options have been introduced which was able to improve overall survival but ultimately patient become refractory specifically in patients with poor cytogenetics. Therefore, novel therapeutic options like immunotherapy are needed to improve outcomes. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is immunotherapy in which T cell are genetically engineered against a tumor-specific antigen and transfused back to the patient to mount major histocompatibility complex-independent cancer-specific immune response. The success of CAR T-cell therapy in lymphoid malignancies encouraged its development in MM. Most of the clinical studies target B-cell maturation antigen in relapsed refractory MM and relapse is the major issue. In this article, we will present the basics of CAR T-cell therapy, the most recent clinical and preclinical data, and we will discuss the future therapeutic realm of CAR T cells in MM.
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15
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Cancer Stem Cells in Soft-Tissue Sarcomas. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061449. [PMID: 32532153 PMCID: PMC7349510 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a rare group of mesenchymal solid tumors with heterogeneous genetic profiles and clinical features. Systemic chemotherapy is the backbone treatment for advanced STS; however, STS frequently acquire resistance to standard therapies, which highlights the need to improve treatments and identify novel therapeutic targets. Increases in the knowledge of the molecular pathways that drive sarcomas have brought to light different molecular alterations that cause tumor initiation and progression. These findings have triggered a breakthrough of targeted therapies that are being assessed in clinical trials. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) features and represent a subpopulation of tumor cells that play an important role in tumor progression, chemotherapy resistance, recurrence and metastasis. In fact, CSCs phenotypes have been identified in sarcomas, allied to drug resistance and tumorigenesis. Herein, we will review the published evidence of CSCs in STS, discussing the molecular characteristic of CSCs, the commonly used isolation techniques and the new possibilities of targeting CSCs as a way to improve STS treatment and consequently patient outcome.
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16
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Dhall A, Patiyal S, Kaur H, Bhalla S, Arora C, Raghava GPS. Computing Skin Cutaneous Melanoma Outcome From the HLA-Alleles and Clinical Characteristics. Front Genet 2020; 11:221. [PMID: 32273881 PMCID: PMC7113398 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) are essential components of the immune system that stimulate immune cells to provide protection and defense against cancer. Thousands of HLA alleles have been reported in the literature, but only a specific set of HLA alleles are present in an individual. The capability of the immune system to recognize cancer-associated mutations depends on the presence of a particular set of alleles, which elicit an immune response to fight against cancer. Therefore, the occurrence of specific HLA alleles affects the survival outcome of cancer patients. In the current study, prediction models were developed, using 401 cutaneous melanoma patients, to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients using their clinical data and HLA alleles. We observed that the presence of certain favorable superalleles like HLA-B∗55 (HR = 0.15, 95% CI 0.034-0.67), HLA-A∗01 (HR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.8), is responsible for the improved OS. In contrast, the presence of certain unfavorable superalleles such as HLA-B∗50 (HR = 2.76, 95% CI 1.284-5.941), HLA-DRB1∗12 (HR = 3.44, 95% CI 1.64-7.2) is responsible for the poor survival. We developed prediction models using key 14 HLA superalleles, demographic, and clinical characteristics for predicting high-risk cutaneous melanoma patients and achieved HR = 4.52 (95% CI 3.088-6.609, p-value = 8.01E-15). Eventually, we also provide a web-based service to the community for predicting the risk status in cutaneous melanoma patients (https://webs.iiitd.edu.in/raghava/skcmhrp/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Dhall
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumeet Patiyal
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, India
- Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sherry Bhalla
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Chakit Arora
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gajendra P. S. Raghava
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, India
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17
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Agbaria AH, Rosen GB, Lapidot I, Rich DH, Mordechai S, Kapelushnik J, Huleihel M, Salman A. Rapid diagnosis of infection etiology in febrile pediatric oncology patients using infrared spectroscopy of leukocytes. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201900215. [PMID: 31566906 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rapid diagnosis of the etiology of infection is highly important for an effective treatment of the infected patients. Bacterial and viral infections are serious diseases that can cause death in many cases. The human immune system deals with many viral and bacterial infections that cause no symptoms and pass quietly without treatment. However, oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy have a very weak immune system caused by leukopenia, and even minor pathogen infection threatens their lives. For this reason, physicians tend to prescribe immediately several types of antibiotics for febrile pediatric oncology patients (FPOPs). Uncontrolled use of antibiotics is one of the major contributors to the development of resistant bacteria. Therefore, for oncology patients, a rapid and objective diagnosis of the etiology of the infection is extremely critical. Current identification methods are time-consuming (>24 h). In this study, the potential of midinfrared spectroscopy in tandem with machine learning algorithms is evaluated for rapid and objective diagnosis of the etiology of infections in FPOPs using simple peripheral blood samples. Our results show that infrared spectroscopy enables the diagnosis of the etiology of infection as bacterial or viral within 70 minutes after the collection of the blood sample with 93% sensitivity and 88% specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam H Agbaria
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Guy Beck Rosen
- Department of Hematology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Itshak Lapidot
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, ACLP-Afeka Center for Language Processing, Afeka Tel-Aviv Academic College of Engineering, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel H Rich
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shaul Mordechai
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Joseph Kapelushnik
- Department of Hematology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Mahmoud Huleihel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ahmad Salman
- Department of Physics, SCE-Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Wang H, Zhu N, Ye X, Wang L, Wang B, Shan W, Lai X, Tan Y, Fu S, Xiao H, Huang H. PTPN21-CDS long isoform inhibits the response of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells to NK-mediated lysis via the KIR/HLA-I axis. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3298-3312. [PMID: 31898344 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 21 (PTPN21) is a member of the non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase family. We have found that PTPN21 is mutated in relapsed Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. PTPN21 consists of three types of isoforms according to the length of the protein encoded. However, the roles of different isoforms in leukemic cells have not been elucidated. In the study, PTPN21 isoform constitution in five ALL cell lines were identified by transcriptome polymerase chain reaction combined with Sanger sequencing, and the relationship between PTPN21 isoforms and sensitivity to natural killer (NK) cells mediated killing in ALL cell lines were further assessed by knock-out of different isoforms of PTPN21 using CRISPR-Cas9 technique. Subsequently, we explored the functional mechanisms through RNA sequencing and confirmatory testing. The results showed that there was no significant change when all PTPN21 isoforms were knocked out in ALL cells, but the sensitivity of NALM6 cells with PTPN21-CDSlong knock-out (NALM6-PTPN21lk ) to NK-mediated killing was significantly increased. Whole transcriptome sequencing and further validation testing showed that human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) molecules were significantly decreased, accompanied by a significantly downregulated expression of antigen presenting-related chaperones in NALM6-PTPN21lk cells. Our results uncovered a previously unknown mechanism that PTPN21-CDSlong and CDSshort isoforms may play opposite roles in NK-mediated killing in ALL cells, and showed that the endogenous PTPN21-CDSlong isoform inhibited ALL cells to NK cell-mediated lysis by regulating the KIR-HLA-I axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafang Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ni Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohang Ye
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Limengmeng Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binsheng Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Shan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yamin Tan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shan Fu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haowen Xiao
- Department of Hematology, The Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Han D, Rodriguez-Bravo V, Izadmehr S, Domingo-Domenech J, Cordon-Cardo C. Isolation and Characterization of Tumor-initiating Cells from Sarcoma Patient-derived Xenografts. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31259909 PMCID: PMC7247278 DOI: 10.3791/57011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence and importance of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) have been supported by increasing evidence during the past decade. These TICs have been shown to be responsible for tumor initiation, metastasis, and drug resistance. Therefore, it is important to develop specific TIC-targeting therapy in addition to current chemotherapy strategies, which mostly focus on the bulk of non-TICs. In order to further understand the mechanism behind the malignancy of TICs, we describe a method to isolate and to characterize TICs in human sarcomas. Herein, we show a detailed protocol to generate patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of human sarcomas and to isolate TICs by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-1) as a negative marker. Also, we describe how to functionally characterize these TICs, including a sphere formation assay and a tumor formation assay, and to induce differentiation along mesenchymal pathways. The isolation and characterization of PDX TICs provide clues for the discovery of potential targeting therapy reagents. Moreover, increasing evidence suggests that this protocol may be further extended to isolate and characterize TICs from other types of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Han
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | | | - Sudeh Izadmehr
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
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20
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Characterization of circulating T-, NK-, and NKT cell subsets in patients with colorectal cancer: the peripheral blood immune cell profile. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1011-1024. [PMID: 31053876 PMCID: PMC6529387 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective As the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) are known to be affected by the immune system, cell subsets such as T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and natural killer T (NKT) cells are considered interesting targets for immunotherapy and clinical biomarker research. Until now, the role of systemic immune profiles in tumor progression remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to characterize the immunophenotype of circulating T cells, NK cells, and NKT-like cells in patients with CRC, and to subsequently correlate these immunophenotypes to clinical follow-up data. Methods Using multiparameter flow cytometry, the subset distribution and immunophenotype of T cells (CD3+CD56−), CD56dim NK cells (CD3−CD56dim), CD56bright NK cells (CD3−CD56bright), and NKT-like (CD3+CD56+) cells were investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from 71 CRC patients and 19 healthy donors. Results CRC patients showed profound differences in immune cell subset distribution and their immunophenotype compared to healthy donors, as characterized by increased percentage of regulatory T cells, and reduced expression level of the natural cytotoxicity receptors NKp44 and NKp46 on both CD56dim NK cells and NKT-like cells. Finally, we showed in a multivariate analysis that above-median percentage of CD16+ NKT-like cells was independently associated with shorter disease-free survival in CRC patients. Conclusion The altered phenotype of circulating immune cell subsets in CRC and its association with clinical outcome highlight the potential use of PBMC subsets as prognostic biomarkers in CRC, thereby contributing to better insight into the role of systemic immune profiles in tumor progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00262-019-02343-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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21
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Greene S, Patel P, Allen CT. How patients with an intact immune system develop head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2019; 92:26-32. [PMID: 31010619 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although the adaptive immune system can detect and eliminate malignant cells, patients with intact and fully functional immune systems develop head and neck cancer. How is this paradox explained? Manuscripts published in the English language from 1975 to 2018 were reviewed using search inputs related to tumor cell antigenicity and immunogenicity, immunodominance, cancer immunoediting and genomic alterations present within carcinomas. Early in tumor development, T cell responses to immunodominant antigens may lead to the elimination of cancer cells expressing these antigens and a tumor composed to tumor cells expressing only immunorecessive antigens. Conversely, other tumor cells may acquire genomic or epigenetic alterations that result in an antigen processing or presentation defect or other inability to be detected or killed by T cells. Such T cell insensitive tumor cells may also be selected for in a progressing tumor. Tumors harboring subpopulations of cells that cannot be eliminated by T cells may require non-T cell-based treatments, such as NK cell immunotherapies. Recognition of such tumor cell populations within a heterogeneous cancer may inform the selection of treatment for HNSCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Greene
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Priya Patel
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Clint T Allen
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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22
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Chakraborty P, Karmakar T, Arora N, Mukherjee G. Immune and genomic signatures in oral (head and neck) cancer. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00880. [PMID: 30417146 PMCID: PMC6218671 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is responsible for a large number of deaths each year. Oral cancer is the most frequent subtype of HNSCC. Historically, oral cancer has been associated with an increase in the consumption of tobacco and alcohol products, seen especially in the Asian subcontinent. It has also been associated with infection by the human papilloma virus (HPV), particularly strain HPV16. Treatment usually involves a multidisciplinary approach of surgery combined with chemotherapy and radiation. The advent of immunotherapy has broadened the scope for treatment. A better immune response to the tumour can also elicit the action of other therapeutic approaches. A heightened immune response, on the other hand, can lead to resistant tumour formation through the process of immunoediting. Molecular profiling of the tumour microenvironment (TME) can provide us with better insight into the mechanism and progression of the disease, ultimately opening up new therapeutic options. High-throughput molecular profiling techniques over the past decade have enabled us to appreciate the heterogeneity of the TME. In this review, we will be describing the clinicopathological role of the immune and genomic landscape in oral cancer. This study will update readers on the several immunological and genetic factors that can play an important function as predictive and prognostic biomarkers in various forms of head and neck cancer, with a special emphasis on oral carcinoma.
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23
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The Tumor Microenvironment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and Its Influence on Response to Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018. [PMID: 30042343 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080242] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy as a treatment for cancer is a growing field of endeavor but reports of success have been limited for epithelial ovarian cancer. Overcoming the challenges to developing more effective therapeutic approaches lies in a better understanding of the factors in cancer cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment that limit response to immunotherapies. This article provides an overview of some ovarian cancer cell features such as tumor-associated antigens, ovarian cancer-derived exosomes, tumor mutational burden and overexpression of immunoinhibitory molecules. Moreover, we describe relevant cell types found in epithelial ovarian tumors including immune cells (T and B lymphocytes, Tregs, NK cells, TAMs, MDSCs) and other components found in the tumor microenvironment including fibroblasts and the adipocytes in the omentum. We focus on how those components may influence responses to standard treatments or immunotherapies.
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24
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The Tumor Microenvironment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and Its Influence on Response to Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018. [PMID: 30042343 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080242]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy as a treatment for cancer is a growing field of endeavor but reports of success have been limited for epithelial ovarian cancer. Overcoming the challenges to developing more effective therapeutic approaches lies in a better understanding of the factors in cancer cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment that limit response to immunotherapies. This article provides an overview of some ovarian cancer cell features such as tumor-associated antigens, ovarian cancer-derived exosomes, tumor mutational burden and overexpression of immunoinhibitory molecules. Moreover, we describe relevant cell types found in epithelial ovarian tumors including immune cells (T and B lymphocytes, Tregs, NK cells, TAMs, MDSCs) and other components found in the tumor microenvironment including fibroblasts and the adipocytes in the omentum. We focus on how those components may influence responses to standard treatments or immunotherapies.
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25
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Rodriguez GM, Galpin KJC, McCloskey CW, Vanderhyden BC. The Tumor Microenvironment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and Its Influence on Response to Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E242. [PMID: 30042343 PMCID: PMC6116043 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy as a treatment for cancer is a growing field of endeavor but reports of success have been limited for epithelial ovarian cancer. Overcoming the challenges to developing more effective therapeutic approaches lies in a better understanding of the factors in cancer cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment that limit response to immunotherapies. This article provides an overview of some ovarian cancer cell features such as tumor-associated antigens, ovarian cancer-derived exosomes, tumor mutational burden and overexpression of immunoinhibitory molecules. Moreover, we describe relevant cell types found in epithelial ovarian tumors including immune cells (T and B lymphocytes, Tregs, NK cells, TAMs, MDSCs) and other components found in the tumor microenvironment including fibroblasts and the adipocytes in the omentum. We focus on how those components may influence responses to standard treatments or immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galaxia M Rodriguez
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Kristianne J C Galpin
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Curtis W McCloskey
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Barbara C Vanderhyden
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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26
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Cai L, Michelakos T, Yamada T, Fan S, Wang X, Schwab JH, Ferrone CR, Ferrone S. Defective HLA class I antigen processing machinery in cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:999-1009. [PMID: 29487978 PMCID: PMC8697037 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Malignant transformation of cells is frequently associated with defective HLA class I antigen processing machinery (APM) component expression. This abnormality may have functional relevance, since it may have a negative impact on tumor cell recognition by cognate T cells. Furthermore, HLA class I APM abnormalities appear to have clinical significance, since they are associated with poor prognosis in several malignant diseases and may play a role in the resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy. In this paper, we have reviewed the literature describing abnormalities in HLA class I APM component expression in many types of cancer. These abnormalities have been reported in all types of cancer analyzed with a frequency ranging between a minimum of 35.8% in renal cancer and a maximum of 87.9% in thyroid cancer for HLA class I heavy chains. In addition, we have described the molecular mechanisms underlying defects in HLA class I APM component expression and function by malignant cells. Lastly, we have discussed the clinical significance of HLA class I APM component abnormalities in malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cai
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Theodoros Michelakos
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Teppei Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Song Fan
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Joseph H Schwab
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina R Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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27
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Jindal V, Arora E, Masab M, Gupta S. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in pancreatic cancer: from research to practice. Med Oncol 2018; 35:84. [PMID: 29728788 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is genetically engineered tumor antigen-specific anticancer immunotherapy, which after showing great success in hematological malignancies is currently being tried in advanced solid tumors like pancreatic cancer. Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and dense fibrous stroma are some of the limitation in the success of this novel therapy. However, genetic modifications and combination therapy is the topic of the research to improve its efficacy. In this article, we summarize the current state of knowledge, limitations, and future prospects for CAR T cell therapy in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Jindal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, 01608, USA.
| | - Ena Arora
- Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Muhammad Masab
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Sorab Gupta
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, USA
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28
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Jindal V, Arora E, Gupta S, Lal A, Masab M, Potdar R. Prospects of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in ovarian cancer. Med Oncol 2018; 35:70. [PMID: 29651744 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in various chemotherapy regimens, current therapeutic options are limited for ovarian cancer patients. Immunotherapy provides a promising and novel treatment option for ovarian cancer. Recently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has shown promising results in hematological tumors and current research is going on in various solid tumors like ovarian cancer. CAR T cells are genetically engineered T cells with major histocompatibility complex-independent, tumor-specific, immune-mediated cytolytic actions against cancer cells. Initial studies of CAR T cell therapy have shown promising results in ovarian cancer, but there are some obstacles like impaired T cell trafficking, lack of antigenic targets, cytokine release syndrome and most important immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Optimization of design, improving tumor microenvironment and combinations with other therapies may help us in improving CAR T cell efficacy. In this review article, we highlight the current knowledge regarding CAR T cell therapy in ovarian cancer. We have discussed basic functioning of CAR T cells, their rationale and clinical outcome in ovarian cancer with limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Jindal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, 01608, USA.
| | - Ena Arora
- Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sorab Gupta
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Amos Lal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, 01608, USA
| | - Muhammad Masab
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Rashmika Potdar
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, USA
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29
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant cancer of brain, which is extremely aggressive and carries a dreadful prognosis. Current treatment protocol runs around radiotherapy, surgical resection, and temozolomide with median overall survival of around 12-15 months. Due to its heterogeneity and mutational load, immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy can be a promising treatment option for recurrent glioblastoma. Initial phase 1 studies have shown that this therapy is safe without dose-limiting side effects and it also has a better clinical outcome. Therefore, CAR T cell therapy can be a great future tool in our armamentarium to treat advanced GBM. In this article, we have explained the structure, mechanism of action, and rationale of CAR T cell therapy in GBM; we also discussed various antigenic targets and clinical outcome of initial studies of this novel therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Jindal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, 123 summer street, Worcester, MA, 01608, USA. .,, Worcester, USA.
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30
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Florea ID, Karaoulani C. Epigenetic Changes of the Immune System with Role in Tumor Development. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1856:203-218. [PMID: 30178253 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8751-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor development is closely related to chronic inflammation and to evasion of immune defense mechanisms by neoplastic cells. The mediators of the inflammatory process as well as proteins involved in immune response or immune response evasion can be subject to various epigenetic changes such as methylation, acetylation, or phosphorylation. Some of these, such as cytokine suppressors, are undergoing repression through epigenetic changes, and others such as cytokines or chemokines are undergoing activation through epigenetic changes, both modifications having as a result tumor progression. The activating changes can affect the receptor molecules involved in immune response and these promote inflammation and subsequently tumor development while the inactivating changes seem to be related to the tumor regression process. The proteins involved in antigen presentation, and, therefore in immune response escape, such as classical HLA proteins and related APM (antigen presentation machinery) with their epigenetic changes contribute to the tumor development process, either to tumor progression or regression, depending on the immune effector cells that are in play.
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31
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Impaired HLA Class I Antigen Processing and Presentation as a Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Cancer. Cancer Discov 2017. [PMID: 29025772 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0593.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are poorly understood. We leveraged a collection of 14 ICI-resistant lung cancer samples to investigate whether alterations in genes encoding HLA Class I antigen processing and presentation machinery (APM) components or interferon signaling play a role in acquired resistance to PD-1 or PD-L1 antagonistic antibodies. Recurrent mutations or copy-number changes were not detected in our cohort. In one case, we found acquired homozygous loss of B2M that caused lack of cell-surface HLA Class I expression in the tumor and a matched patient-derived xenograft (PDX). Downregulation of B2M was also found in two additional PDXs established from ICI-resistant tumors. CRISPR-mediated knockout of B2m in an immunocompetent lung cancer mouse model conferred resistance to PD-1 blockade in vivo, proving its role in resistance to ICIs. These results indicate that HLA Class I APM disruption can mediate escape from ICIs in lung cancer.Significance: As programmed death 1 axis inhibitors are becoming more established in standard treatment algorithms for diverse malignancies, acquired resistance to these therapies is increasingly being encountered. Here, we found that defective antigen processing and presentation can serve as a mechanism of such resistance in lung cancer. Cancer Discov; 7(12); 1420-35. ©2017 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1355.
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32
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Gettinger S, Choi J, Hastings K, Truini A, Datar I, Sowell R, Wurtz A, Dong W, Cai G, Melnick MA, Du VY, Schlessinger J, Goldberg SB, Chiang A, Sanmamed MF, Melero I, Agorreta J, Montuenga LM, Lifton R, Ferrone S, Kavathas P, Rimm DL, Kaech SM, Schalper K, Herbst RS, Politi K. Impaired HLA Class I Antigen Processing and Presentation as a Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Cancer. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:1420-1435. [PMID: 29025772 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 485] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are poorly understood. We leveraged a collection of 14 ICI-resistant lung cancer samples to investigate whether alterations in genes encoding HLA Class I antigen processing and presentation machinery (APM) components or interferon signaling play a role in acquired resistance to PD-1 or PD-L1 antagonistic antibodies. Recurrent mutations or copy-number changes were not detected in our cohort. In one case, we found acquired homozygous loss of B2M that caused lack of cell-surface HLA Class I expression in the tumor and a matched patient-derived xenograft (PDX). Downregulation of B2M was also found in two additional PDXs established from ICI-resistant tumors. CRISPR-mediated knockout of B2m in an immunocompetent lung cancer mouse model conferred resistance to PD-1 blockade in vivo, proving its role in resistance to ICIs. These results indicate that HLA Class I APM disruption can mediate escape from ICIs in lung cancer.Significance: As programmed death 1 axis inhibitors are becoming more established in standard treatment algorithms for diverse malignancies, acquired resistance to these therapies is increasingly being encountered. Here, we found that defective antigen processing and presentation can serve as a mechanism of such resistance in lung cancer. Cancer Discov; 7(12); 1420-35. ©2017 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1355.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Gettinger
- Department of Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. .,Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Katherine Hastings
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anna Truini
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ila Datar
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ryan Sowell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anna Wurtz
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Weilai Dong
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Guoping Cai
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mary Ann Melnick
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Victor Y Du
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Joseph Schlessinger
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sarah B Goldberg
- Department of Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anne Chiang
- Department of Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ignacio Melero
- CIMA and Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Oncología CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jackeline Agorreta
- CIMA and Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Oncología CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Montuenga
- CIMA and Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Oncología CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Richard Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paula Kavathas
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David L Rimm
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Susan M Kaech
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kurt Schalper
- Department of Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Roy S Herbst
- Department of Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Katerina Politi
- Department of Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. .,Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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33
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Abstract
Chordoma is a locally aggressive primary malignancy of the axial skeleton. The gold standard for treatment is en bloc resection, with some centers now advocating for the use of radiation to help mitigate the risk of recurrence. Local recurrence is common, and salvaging local failures is quite difficult. Chemotherapy has been ineffective and small molecule targeted therapy has had only marginal benefits in small subsets of patients with rare tumor phenotypes or refractory disease. Recent successes utilizing immunotherapy in a variety of cancers has led to a resurgence of interest in modifying the host immune system to develop new ways to treat tumors. This review will discuss these studies and will highlight the early studies employing immune strategies for the treatment of chordoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalin S Patel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street Yawkey Building Suite 3A, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
| | - Joseph H Schwab
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street Yawkey Building Suite 3A, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA.
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34
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Rodríguez JA. HLA-mediated tumor escape mechanisms that may impair immunotherapy clinical outcomes via T-cell activation. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4415-4427. [PMID: 29085437 PMCID: PMC5649701 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the immune system provides protection from cancer by means of immunosurveillance, which serves a major function in eliminating cancer cells, it may also lead to cancer immunoediting, molding tumor immunogenicity. Cancer cells exploit several molecular mechanisms to thwart immune-mediated death by disabling cellular components of the immune system associated with tumor recognition and rejection. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules are mandatory for the immune recognition and subsequent killing of neoplastic cells by the immune system, as tumor antigens must be presented in an HLA-restricted manner to be recognized by T-cell receptors. Impaired HLA-I expression prevents the activation of cytotoxic immune mechanisms, whereas impaired HLA-II expression affects the antigen-presenting capability of antigen presenting cells. Aberrant HLA-G expression by cancer cells favors immune escape by inhibiting the activities of virtually all immune cells. The development of cancer therapies based on T-cell activation must consider these HLA-associated immune evasion mechanisms, as alterations in their expression occur early and frequently in the majority of types of cancer, and have an adverse impact on the clinical response to immunotherapy. Herein, the concept of altered HLA expression as a mechanism exploited by tumors to escape immune control and induce an immunosuppressive environment is reviewed. A number of novel clinical immunotherapeutic approaches used for cancer treatment are also reviewed, and strategies for overcoming the limitations of these immunotherapeutic interventions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefa A Rodríguez
- Cancer Biology Research Group, National Cancer Institute of Colombia, 111511 Bogotá, Colombia
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35
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Han D, Rodriguez-Bravo V, Charytonowicz E, Demicco E, Domingo-Domenech J, Maki RG, Cordon-Cardo C. Targeting sarcoma tumor-initiating cells through differentiation therapy. Stem Cell Res 2017; 21:117-123. [PMID: 28433655 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) down-regulation has been reported in many human cancers to be associated with poor clinical outcome. However, its connection to tumor-initiating cells (TICs) remains unknown. In this study, we report that HLA-I is down-regulated in a subpopulation of cells that have high tumor initiating capacity in different types of human sarcomas. Detailed characterization revealed their distinct molecular profiles regarding proliferation, apoptosis and stemness programs. Notably, these TICs can be induced to differentiate along distinct mesenchymal lineages, including the osteogenic pathway. The retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway is overexpressed in HLA-1 negative TICs. All-trans retinoic acid treatment successfully induced osteogenic differentiation of this subpopulation, in vitro and in vivo, resulting in significantly decreased tumor formation. Thus, our findings indicate down-regulated HLA-I is a shared feature of TICs in a variety of human sarcomas, and differentiation therapy strategies may specifically target undifferentiated TICs and inhibit tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Han
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Demicco
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Josep Domingo-Domenech
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert G Maki
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Moy JD, Moskovitz JM, Ferris RL. Biological mechanisms of immune escape and implications for immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2017; 76:152-166. [PMID: 28324750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive malignancy with high morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in cytotoxic therapies and surgical techniques, overall survival (OS) has not improved over the past few decades. This emphasises the need for intense investigation into novel therapies with good tumour control and minimal toxicity. Cancer immunotherapy has led this endeavour, attempting to improve tumour recognition and expand immune responses against tumour cells. While various forms of HNSCC immunotherapy are in preclinical trials, the most promising direction thus far has been with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), targeting growth factor and immune checkpoint receptors. Preclinical and early phase trials have shown unprecedented efficacy with minimal adverse effects. This article will review biological mechanisms of immune escape and implications for immunotherapy in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Moy
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | - Robert L Ferris
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Immunology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Leone P, De Re V, Vacca A, Dammacco F, Racanelli V. Cancer treatment and the KIR-HLA system: an overview. Clin Exp Med 2017; 17:419-429. [PMID: 28188495 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-017-0455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the success of cancer therapy depends not only on a combination of adequate procedures (surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy) that aim to eliminate all tumor cells, but also on the functional state of the host immune system. HLA and KIR molecules, in particular, are critical to the interactions between tumor cells and both innate and adaptive immune cells such as NK cells and T cells. Different KIR-HLA gene combinations as well as different HLA expression levels on tumor cells associate with variable tumor prognosis and response to treatment. On the other hand, different therapies have different effects on HLA molecules and immune cell functions regulated by these molecules. Here, we provide an overview of the KIR-HLA system, a description of its alterations with clinical relevance in diverse tumor types, and an analysis of the consequences that conventional cancer therapies may have on it. We also discuss how this knowledge can be exploited to identify potential immunological biomarkers that can help to select patients for tailored therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Leone
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico - 11, Piazza G. Cesare, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Valli De Re
- Bio-Proteomics Facility, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico - 11, Piazza G. Cesare, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Dammacco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico - 11, Piazza G. Cesare, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico - 11, Piazza G. Cesare, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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Yesantharao P, Wang W, Ioannidis NM, Demehri S, Whittemore AS, Asgari MM. Cutaneous squamous cell cancer (cSCC) risk and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system. Hum Immunol 2017; 78:327-335. [PMID: 28185865 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common cancer among Caucasians in the United States, with rising incidence over the past decade. Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer, including cSCC, in the United States was estimated to cost $4.8 billion in 2014. Thus, an understanding of cSCC pathogenesis could have important public health implications. Immune function impacts cSCC risk, given that cSCC incidence rates are substantially higher in patients with compromised immune systems. We report a systematic review of published associations between cSCC risk and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system. This review includes studies that analyze germline class I and class II HLA allelic variation as well as HLA cell-surface protein expression levels associated with cSCC risk. We propose biological mechanisms for these HLA-cSCC associations based on known mechanisms of HLA involvement in other diseases. The review suggests that immunity regulates the development of cSCC and that HLA-cSCC associations differ between immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. This difference may reflect the presence of viral co-factors that affect tumorigenesis in immunosuppressed patients. Finally, we highlight limitations in the literature on HLA-cSCC associations, and suggest directions for future research aimed at understanding, preventing and treating cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Yesantharao
- Epidemiology Division, Department of Health Research & Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Epidemiology Division, Department of Health Research & Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nilah M Ioannidis
- Epidemiology Division, Department of Health Research & Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shadmehr Demehri
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Epidemiology Division, Department of Health Research & Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Maryam M Asgari
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Voutsas IF, Anastasopoulou EA, Tzonis P, Papamichail M, Perez SA, Baxevanis CN. Unraveling the role of preexisting immunity in prostate cancer patients vaccinated with a HER-2/neu hybrid peptide. J Immunother Cancer 2016; 4:75. [PMID: 27891225 PMCID: PMC5109671 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer vaccines aim at eliciting not only an immune response against specific tumor antigens, but also at enhancing a preexisting immunity against the tumor. In this context, we recently reported on the levels of preexisting immunity in prostate cancer patients vaccinated with the HER-2 hybrid peptide (AE37), during a phase I clinical trial. The purpose of the current study was to correlate between preexisting immunity to the native HER-2 peptide, AE36, and expression of HLA-A2 and -A24 molecules with the clinical outcome. Additionally, we investigated the ability of the AE37 vaccine to induce an antitumor immune response against other tumor associated antigens, not integrated in the vaccine formulation, with respect to the clinical response. Methods We analyzed prostate cancer patients who were vaccinated with the AE37 vaccine [Ii-Key-HER-2/neu(776–790) hybrid peptide vaccine (AE37), which is a MHC class II long peptide vaccine encompassing MHC class I epitopes, during a phase I clinical trial. Preexisting immunity to the native HER-2/neu(776–790) (AE36) peptide was assessed by IFNγ response or dermal reaction at the inoculation site. Antigen specificity against other tumor antigens was defined using multimer analysis. Progression free survival (PFS) was considered as the patients’ clinical outcome. Two-tailed Wilcoxon signed rank test at 95 % confidence interval was used for statistical evaluation at different time points and Kaplan–Meier curves with log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test were used for the evaluation of PFS. Results Preexisting immunity to AE36, irrespectively of HLA expression, was correlated with longer PFS. Specific CD8+ T cell immunity against E75 and PSA146–151 (HLA-A2 restricted), as well as, PSA153–161 (HLA-A24 restricted) was detected at relatively high frequencies which were further enhanced during vaccinations. Specific immunity against PSA153–161 correlated with longer PFS in HLA-A24+ patients. However, HLA-A2+ patients with high preexisting or vaccine-induced immunity to E75, showed a trend for shorter PFS. Conclusions Our data cast doubt on whether preexisting immunity or epitope spreading specific for HLA-class I-restricted peptides can actually predict a favorable clinical outcome. They also impose that preexisting immunity to long vaccine peptides, encompassing both HLA class II and I epitopes should be considered as an important prerequisite for the improvement of future immunotherapeutic protocols. Protocol ID Code: Generex-06-07 National Organization for Medicines (EOF) ID Code: IS-107-01-06 NEC Study Code: EED107/1/06 EudraCT Number: 2006-003299-37 Date of registration: 07/06/2006 Date of enrolment of the first participant to the trial: Nov 1st, 2007 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40425-016-0183-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis F Voutsas
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Tzonis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Papamichail
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sonia A Perez
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Inoue H, Park JH, Kiyotani K, Zewde M, Miyashita A, Jinnin M, Kiniwa Y, Okuyama R, Tanaka R, Fujisawa Y, Kato H, Morita A, Asai J, Katoh N, Yokota K, Akiyama M, Ihn H, Fukushima S, Nakamura Y. Intratumoral expression levels of PD-L1, GZMA, and HLA-A along with oligoclonal T cell expansion associate with response to nivolumab in metastatic melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1204507. [PMID: 27757299 PMCID: PMC5048759 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1204507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors blocking the interaction between programmed death-1 (PD-1) and PD-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) are revolutionizing the cancer immunotherapies with durable clinical responses. Although high expression of PD-L1 in tumor tissues has been implicated to correlate with the better response to the anti-PD-1 therapies, this association has been controversial. In this study, to characterize immune microenvironment in tumors, we examined mRNA levels of immune-related genes and characterized T cell repertoire in the tumors of 13 melanoma patients before and after nivolumab treatment. We found that, in addition to the PD-L1 (p = 0.03), expression levels of PD-1 ligand-2 (PD-L2), granzyme A (GZMA) and human leukocyte antigen-A (HLA-A) in the pre-treatment tumors were significantly higher (p = 0.04, p = 0.01 and p = 0.006, respectively) in responders (n = 5) than in non-responders (n = 8). With nivolumab treatment, tumors in responders exhibited a substantial increase of CD8, GZMA and perforin 1 (PRF1) expression levels as well as increased ratio of TBX21/GATA3, suggesting dominancy of helper T cell type 1 (Th1) response to type 2 (Th2) response. T cell receptor β (TCR-β) repertoire analysis revealed oligoclonal expansion of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor tissues of the responders. Our findings suggest that melanoma harboring high PD-1 ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2), GZMA and HLA-A expression may respond preferentially to nivolumab treatment, which can enhance Th1-skewed cellular immunity with oligoclonal expansion of TILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Inoue
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jae-Hyun Park
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kazuma Kiyotani
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Makda Zewde
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Azusa Miyashita
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kiniwa
- Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Okuyama
- Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Ryota Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujisawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kato
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akimichi Morita
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Asai
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norito Katoh
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Yokota
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
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41
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Oliva M, Rullan AJ, Piulats JM. Uveal melanoma as a target for immune-therapy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:172. [PMID: 27275485 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.05.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare disease that can be deadly in spite of adequate local treatment. Systemic therapy with chemotherapy is usually ineffective and new-targeted therapies have not improved results considerably. The eye creates an immunosuppressive environment in order to protect eyesight. UM cells use similar processes to escape immune surveillance. Regarding innate immunity the production of macrophage inhibiting factor (MIF) and TGF-β, added to MHC class I upregulation, inhibits the action of natural killer (NK) cells. UM cells produce cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-10 that favor macrophage differentiation to the M2 subtype, which promote tumor growth instead of an effective immune response. UM cells also impair the adaptive immune response through production of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), overexpression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), alteration of FasL expression, and resistance to perforin. This biological background suggests that immunotherapy could be effective in fighting UM. A Phase II clinical trial with Ipilimumab has shown promising results with mean Overall Survival rate of ten months, and close to 50% of the patients alive at one year. Clinical trials with anti-PD1 antibodies in monotherapy and in combination with anti-CTLA4 are currently recruiting patients worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Oliva
- Department of Medical Oncology, Genitourinary, Melanoma and Sarcoma Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio J Rullan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Genitourinary, Melanoma and Sarcoma Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Piulats
- Department of Medical Oncology, Genitourinary, Melanoma and Sarcoma Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain
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Concha-Benavente F, Srivastava R, Ferrone S, Ferris RL. Immunological and clinical significance of HLA class I antigen processing machinery component defects in malignant cells. Oral Oncol 2016; 58:52-8. [PMID: 27264839 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Experimental as well as clinical studies demonstrate that the immune system plays a major role in controlling generation and progression of tumors. The cancer immunoediting theory supports the notion that tumor cell immunogenicity is dynamically shaped by the immune system, as it eliminates immunogenic tumor cells in the early stage of the disease and then edits their antigenicity. The end result is the generation of a tumor cell population able to escape from immune recognition and elimination by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Two major mechanisms, which affect the target cells and the effector phase of the immune response, play a crucial role in the editing process. One is represented by the downregulation of tumor antigen (TA) processing and presentation because of abnormalities in the HLA class I antigen processing machinery (APM). The other one is represented by the anergy of effector immune infiltrates in the tumor microenvironment caused by aberrant inhibitory signals triggered by immune checkpoint receptor (ICR) ligands, such as programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1). In this review, we will focus on tumor immune escape mechanisms caused by defects in HLA class I APM component expression and/or function in different types of cancer, with emphasis on head and neck cancer (HNC). We will also discuss the immunological implications and clinical relevance of these HLA class I APM abnormalities. Finally, we will describe strategies to counteract defective TA presentation with the expectation that they will enhance tumor recognition and elimination by tumor infiltrating effector T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Immunology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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43
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Kiefer JD, Neri D. Immunocytokines and bispecific antibodies: two complementary strategies for the selective activation of immune cells at the tumor site. Immunol Rev 2016; 270:178-92. [PMID: 26864112 PMCID: PMC5154379 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The activation of the immune system for a selective removal of tumor cells represents an attractive strategy for the treatment of metastatic malignancies, which cannot be cured by existing methodologies. In this review, we examine the design and therapeutic potential of immunocytokines and bispecific antibodies, two classes of bifunctional products which can selectively activate the immune system at the tumor site. Certain protein engineering aspects, such as the choice of the antibody format, are common to both classes of therapeutic agents and can have a profound impact on tumor homing performance in vivo of individual products. However, immunocytokines and bispecific antibodies display different mechanisms of action. Future research activities will reveal whether an additive of even synergistic benefit can be obtained from the judicious combination of these two types of biopharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Kiefer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich, Switzerland
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44
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Wang Y, Wang X, Ferrone CR, Schwab JH, Ferrone S. Intracellular antigens as targets for antibody based immunotherapy of malignant diseases. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1982-93. [PMID: 26597109 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the potential use of intracellular tumor antigens as targets of antibody-based immunotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors. In addition, it describes the characteristics of the intracellular tumor antigens targeted with antibodies which have been described in the literature and have been identified in the authors' laboratory. Finally, the mechanism underlying the trafficking of the intracellular tumor antigens to the plasma membrane of tumor cells are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Cristina R Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Joseph H Schwab
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States.
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45
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Chang CC, Pirozzi G, Wen SH, Chung IH, Chiu BL, Errico S, Luongo M, Lombardi ML, Ferrone S. Multiple structural and epigenetic defects in the human leukocyte antigen class I antigen presentation pathway in a recurrent metastatic melanoma following immunotherapy. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:26562-75. [PMID: 26381407 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.676130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scant information is available about the molecular basis of multiple HLA class I antigen-processing machinery defects in malignant cells, although this information contributes to our understanding of the molecular immunoescape mechanisms utilized by tumor cells and may suggest strategies to counteract them. In the present study we reveal a combination of IFN-γ-irreversible structural and epigenetic defects in HLA class I antigen-processing machinery in a recurrent melanoma metastasis after immunotherapy. These defects include loss of tapasin and one HLA haplotype as well as selective silencing of HLA-A3 gene responsiveness to IFN-γ. Tapasin loss is caused by a germ-line frameshift mutation in exon 3 (TAPBP(684delA)) along with a somatic loss of the other gene copy. Selective silencing of HLA-A3 gene and its IFN-γ responsiveness is associated with promoter CpG methylation nearby site-α and TATA box, reversible after DNA methyltransferase 1 depletion. This treatment combined with tapasin reconstitution and IFN-γ stimulation restored the highest level of HLA class I expression and its ability to elicit cytotoxic T cell responses. These results represent a novel tumor immune evasion mechanism through impairing multiple components at various levels in the HLA class I antigen presentation pathway. These findings may suggest a rational design of combinatorial cancer immunotherapy harnessing DNA demethylation and IFN-γ response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chung Chang
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013,
| | - Giuseppe Pirozzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Naples 80131, Italy, and
| | - Shao-Hsuan Wen
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013
| | - I-Hsin Chung
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013
| | - Bau-Lin Chiu
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013
| | - Simona Errico
- Department of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Naples 80131, Italy, and
| | - Monica Luongo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Naples 80131, Italy, and
| | - Maria Luisa Lombardi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Naples 80131, Italy, and
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Departments of Surgery and of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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Sabbatino F, Villani V, Yearley JH, Deshpande V, Cai L, Konstantinidis IT, Moon C, Nota S, Wang Y, Al-Sukaini A, Zhu AX, Goyal L, Ting DT, Bardeesy N, Hong TS, Fernandez-del Castillo C, Tanabe KK, Lillemoe KD, Ferrone S, Ferrone CR. PD-L1 and HLA Class I Antigen Expression and Clinical Course of the Disease in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:470-8. [PMID: 26373575 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE More effective therapy is needed for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The encouraging clinical results obtained with checkpoint molecule-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have prompted us to investigate whether this type of immunotherapy may be applicable to ICC. The aims of this study were to determine whether (i) patients mount a T-cell immune response to their ICC, (ii) checkpoint molecules are expressed on both T cells and tumor cells, and (iii) tumor cells are susceptible to recognition by cognate T cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Twenty-seven ICC tumors were analyzed for (i) lymphocyte infiltrate, (ii) HLA class I and HLA class II expression, and (iii) PD-1 and PD-L1 expression by T cells and ICC cells, respectively. The results of this analysis were correlated with the clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients investigated. RESULTS Lymphocyte infiltrates were identified in all tumors. PD-L1 expression and HLA class I antigen expression by ICC cells was observed in 8 and 11, respectively, of the 27 tumors analyzed. HLA class I antigen expression correlated with CD8(+) T-cell infiltrate. Furthermore, positive HLA class I antigen expression in combination with negative/rare PD-L1 expression was associated with favorable clinical course of the disease. CONCLUSIONS ICC patients are likely to mount a T-cell immune response against their own tumors. Defects in HLA class I antigen expression in combination with PD-L1 expression by ICC cells provide them with an immune escape mechanism. This mechanism justifies the implementation of immunotherapy with checkpoint molecule-specific mAbs in patients bearing ICC tumors without defects in HLA class I antigen expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sabbatino
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vincenzo Villani
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ioannis T Konstantinidis
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sjoerd Nota
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ahmad Al-Sukaini
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew X Zhu
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lipika Goyal
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David T Ting
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Theodore S Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Kenneth K Tanabe
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keith D Lillemoe
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cristina R Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Nakamura T, Miyabe H, Hyodo M, Sato Y, Hayakawa Y, Harashima H. Liposomes loaded with a STING pathway ligand, cyclic di-GMP, enhance cancer immunotherapy against metastatic melanoma. J Control Release 2015; 216:149-57. [PMID: 26282097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanomas escape immunosurveillance via the loss/down-regulation of MHC-I expression. Natural killer (NK) cells have the potential to function as essential effector cells for eliminating melanomas. Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a ligand of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signal pathway, can be thought of as a new class of adjuvant against cancer. However, it is yet to be tested, because technologies for delivering c-di-GMP to the cytosol are required. Herein, we report that c-di-GMP efficiently activates NK cells and induces antitumor effects against malignant melanomas when loaded in YSK05 lipid containing liposomes, by assisting in the efficient delivery of c-di-GMP to the cytosol. The intravenous administration of c-di-GMP encapsulated within YSK05-liposomes (c-di-GMP/YSK05-Lip) into mice efficiently induced the production of type I interferon (IFN) as well as the activation of NK cells, resulting in a significant antitumor effect in a lung metastasis mouse model using B16-F10. This antitumor effect was dominated by NK cells. The infiltration of NK cells was observed in the lungs with B16-F10 melanomas. These findings indicate that the c-di-GMP/YSK05-Lip induces MHC-I non-restricted antitumor immunity mediated by NK cells. Consequently, c-di-GMP/YSK05-Lip represents a potentially new adjuvant system for use in immunotherapy against malignant melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Miyabe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Hyodo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Japan
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Wang Y, Geldres C, Ferrone S, Dotti G. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 as a target for chimeric antigen receptor-based T-cell immunotherapy of solid tumors. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1339-50. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1068759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Ravindranath MH, Terasaki PI, Pham T, Jucaud V. The Monospecificity of Novel Anti-HLA-E Monoclonal Antibodies Enables Reliable Immunodiagnosis, Immunomodulation of HLA-E, and Upregulation of CD8+ T Lymphocytes. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2015; 34:135-53. [PMID: 26090591 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2014.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In human cancers, over-expression of HLA-E is marked by gene expression. However, immunolocalization of HLA-E on tumor cells is impeded by the HLA-Ia reactivity of commercial anti-HLA-E monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). So there was a clear need to develop monospecific anti-HLA-E MAbs for reliable immunodiagnosis of HLA-E, particularly considering the prognostic relevance of HLA-E in human cancer. HLA-E overexpression is correlated with disease progression and poor survival of patients, both of which are attributed to the suppression of anti-tumor activity of cytotoxic T cells mediated by HLA-E. The suppression mechanism involves the binding of HLA-E-specific amino acids located on the α1 and α2 helices of HLA-E to the inhibitory receptors (CD94/NKG2a) on CD8+ T lymphocytes. An anti-HLA-E MAb that recognizes these HLA-E-specific sequences can not only be a monospecific MAb with potential for specific immunolocalization of HLA-E but can also block the sequences from interacting with the CD94/NKG2a receptors. We therefore developed several clones that secrete such HLA-E-specific MAbs; then we assessed the ability of the MAbs to bind to the amino acid sequences interacting with the CD94/NKG2a receptors by inhibiting them from binding to HLA-E with peptides that inhibit receptor binding. Elucidation of the immunomodulatory capabilities of these monospecific MAbs showed that they can induce proliferation of CD8+ T cells with or without co-stimulation. These novel MAbs can serve a dual role in combating cancer by blocking interaction of HLA-E with CD94/NKG2a and by promoting proliferation of both non-activated and activated CD8+ cytotoxic αβ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tho Pham
- Terasaki Foundation Laboratory , Los Angeles, California
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Foundation Laboratory , Los Angeles, California
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Ricciardi M, Zanotto M, Malpeli G, Bassi G, Perbellini O, Chilosi M, Bifari F, Krampera M. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by inflammatory priming elicits mesenchymal stromal cell-like immune-modulatory properties in cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1067-75. [PMID: 25668006 PMCID: PMC4366889 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has a central role in cancer progression and metastatic dissemination and may be induced by local inflammation. We asked whether the inflammation-induced acquisition of mesenchymal phenotype by neoplastic epithelial cells is associated with the onset of mesenchymal stromal cell-like immune-regulatory properties that may enhance tumour immune escape. Methods: Cell lines of lung adenocarcinoma (A549), breast cancer (MCF7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) were co-cultured with T, B and NK cells before and after EMT induction by either the supernatant of mixed-lymphocyte reactions or inflammatory cytokines. Results: EMT occurrence following inflammatory priming elicited multiple immune-regulatory effects in cancer cells resulting in NK and T-cell apoptosis, inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation and stimulation of regulatory T and B cells. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, but not Fas ligand pathway, was involved at least in part in these effects, as shown by the use of specific inhibitors. Conclusions: EMT induced by inflammatory stimuli confers to cancer cells some mesenchymal stromal cell-like immune-modulatory properties, which could be a cue for cancer progression and metastatic dissemination by favouring immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ricciardi
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - M Zanotto
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - G Malpeli
- Department of Surgery, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - G Bassi
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - O Perbellini
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - M Chilosi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - F Bifari
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - M Krampera
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
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