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Yang J, Pan C, Pan Y, Hu A, Zhao P, Chen M, Song H, Li Y, Hao X. A Carbon 21 Steroidal Glycoside with Pregnane Skeleton from Cynanchum atratum Bunge Promotes Megakaryocytic and Erythroid Differentiation in Erythroleukemia HEL Cells through Regulating Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Beta and JAK2/STAT3 Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:628. [PMID: 38794198 PMCID: PMC11125340 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Erythroleukemia is a rare form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Its molecular pathogenesis remains vague, and this disease has no specific therapeutic treatments. Previously, our group isolated a series of Carbon 21 (C-21) steroidal glycosides with pregnane skeleton from the root of Cynanchum atratum Bunge. Among them, we found that a compound, named BW18, can induce S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells. However, its anti-tumor activity against erythroleukemia remains largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-erythroleukemia activity of BW18 and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that BW18 exhibited a good anti-erythroleukemia activity in the human erythroleukemia cell line HEL and an in vivo xenograft mouse model. In addition, BW18 induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and promoted megakaryocytic and erythroid differentiation in HEL cells. Furthermore, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and rescue assay demonstrated that overexpression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB) reversed BW18-induced megakaryocytic differentiation in HEL cells, but not erythroid differentiation. In addition, the network pharmacology analysis, the molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) revealed that BW18 could inactivate Janus tyrosine kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway, which might mediate BW18-induced erythroid differentiation. Taken together, our findings elucidated a novel role of PDGFRB in regulating erythroleukemia differentiation and highlighted BW18 as an attractive lead compound for erythroleukemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; (J.Y.); (C.P.); (Y.P.); (A.H.); (P.Z.); (M.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
| | - Chaolan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; (J.Y.); (C.P.); (Y.P.); (A.H.); (P.Z.); (M.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
| | - Yang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; (J.Y.); (C.P.); (Y.P.); (A.H.); (P.Z.); (M.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
| | - Anlin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; (J.Y.); (C.P.); (Y.P.); (A.H.); (P.Z.); (M.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; (J.Y.); (C.P.); (Y.P.); (A.H.); (P.Z.); (M.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
| | - Meijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; (J.Y.); (C.P.); (Y.P.); (A.H.); (P.Z.); (M.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
| | - Hui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; (J.Y.); (C.P.); (Y.P.); (A.H.); (P.Z.); (M.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; (J.Y.); (C.P.); (Y.P.); (A.H.); (P.Z.); (M.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
| | - Xiaojiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; (J.Y.); (C.P.); (Y.P.); (A.H.); (P.Z.); (M.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
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Chauhan S, Sen S, Irshad K, Kashyap S, Pushker N, Meel R, Sharma MC. Receptor tyrosine kinase gene expression profiling of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma unveils MET as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. Hum Cell 2024; 37:297-309. [PMID: 37914903 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) serve as molecular targets for the development of novel personalized therapies in many malignancies. In the present study, expression pattern of receptor tyrosine kinases and its clinical significance in orbital RMS has been explored. Eighteen patients with histopathologically confirmed orbital RMS formed part of this study. Comprehensive q-PCR gene expression profiles of 19 RTKs were generated in the cases and controls. The patients were followed up for 59.53 ± 20.93 years. Clustering and statistical analysis tools were applied to identify the significant combination of RTKs associated with orbital rhabdomyosarcoma patients. mRNA overexpression of RTKs which included MET, AXL, EGFR was seen in 60-80% of cases; EGFR3, IGFR2, FGFR1, RET, PDGFR1, VEGFR2, PDGFR2 in 30-60% of cases; and EGFR4, FGFR3,VEGFR3 and ROS,IGFR1, EGFR1, FGFR2, VEGFR1 in 10-30% of cases. Immunoexpression of MET was seen in 89% of cases. A significant association was seen between MET mRNA and its protein expression. In all the cases MET gene expression was associated with worst overall survival (P = 0.03).There was a significant correlation of MET mRNA expression with RET, ROS, AXL, FGFR1, FGFR3, PDGFR1, IGFR1, VEGFR2, and EGFR3 genes. Association between MET gene and collective expression of RTKs was further evaluated by semi-supervised gene cluster analysis and Principal component analysis, which showed well-separated tumor clusters. MET gene overexpression could be a useful biomarker for identifying high risk orbital rhabdomyosarcoma patients. Well-separated tumor clusters confirmed the association between MET gene and collective expression of RTK genes. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of multi-kinase inhibitors targeting MET and the 9 other significant RTKs needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Chauhan
- Ocular Pathology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, Room No. 725, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Seema Sen
- Ocular Pathology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, Room No. 725, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Khushboo Irshad
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Seema Kashyap
- Ocular Pathology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, Room No. 725, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Neelam Pushker
- Ophthalmoplasty Services, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Rachna Meel
- Ophthalmoplasty Services, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Mehar Chand Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
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Liu B, Zheng X, Li J, Yao P, Guo P, Liu W, Zhao G. Atovaquone inhibits colorectal cancer metastasis by regulating PDGFRβ/NF-κB signaling pathway. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1070. [PMID: 37932661 PMCID: PMC10629062 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumour. Invasive growth and distant metastasis are the main characteristics of its malignant biological behaviour, and they are also the primary factors leading to death in colon cancer patients. Atovaquone is an antimalarial drug, and its anticancer effect has recently been demonstrated in several cancer models in vitro and in vivo, but it has not been examined in the treatment of colorectal cancer. METHODS To elucidate the effect of atovaquone on colorectal cancer. We used RNA transcriptome sequencing, RT‒PCR and Western blot experiments to examine the expression of NF-κB (p-P65), EMT-related proteins and related inflammatory factors (IL1B, IL6, CCL20, CCL2, CXCL8, CXCL6, IL6ST, FAS, IL10 and IL1A). The effect of atovaquone on colorectal cancer metastasis was validated using an animal model of lung metastases. We further used transcriptome sequencing, the GCBI bioinformatics database and the STRING database to predict relevant target proteins. Furthermore, pathological sections were collected from relevant cases for immunohistochemical verification. RESULTS This study showed that atovaquone could inhibit colorectal cancer metastasis and invasion in vivo and in vitro, inhibit the expression of E-cadherin protein, and promote the protein expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, ZEB1, Snail and Slug. Atovaquone could inhibit EMT by inhibiting NF-κB (p-P65) and related inflammatory factors. Further bioinformatics analysis and verification showed that PDGFRβ was one of the targets of atovaquone. CONCLUSION In summary, atovaquone can inhibit the expression of NF-κB (p-P65) and related inflammatory factors by inhibiting the protein expression of p-PDGFRβ, thereby inhibiting colorectal cancer metastasis. Atovaquone may be a promising drug for the treatment of colorectal cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, 610051, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, 610051, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, 610051, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Yao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, 610051, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Chengdu Medical College, 610500, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, 610051, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gaoping Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, 610072, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Kashyap D, Bal A, Irinike S, Khare S, Bhattacharya S, Das A, Singh G. Heterogeneity of the Tumor Microenvironment Across Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2023; 31:533-543. [PMID: 37358863 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogenous disease at the molecular level thus, it can be hypothesized that different molecular subtypes differ in their tumor microenvironment (TME) also. Understanding the TME heterogeneity may provide new prognostic biomarkers and new targets for cancer therapy. For deciphering heterogeneity in the TME, immunohistochemistry for immune markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD68, CD163, and programmed death-ligand 1), Cancer-associated fibroblast markers [anti-fibroblast activating protein α (FAP-α), platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFR-α), S100A4, Neuron-glial antigen 2, and Caveolin-1], and angiogenesis (CD31) was performed on tissue microarrays of different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. High CD3 + T cells were noted in the Luminal B subtype ( P =0.002) of which the majority were CD8 + cytotoxic T cells. Programmed death-ligand 1 expression in immune cells was highest in the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2)-positive and Luminal B subtypes compared with the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype ( P =0.003). Her-2 subtype is rich in M2 tumor-associated macrophages ( P =0.000) compared with TNBC and Luminal B subtypes. M2 immune microenvironment correlated with high tumor grade and high Ki-67. Her-2 and TNBC subtypes are rich in extracellular matrix remodeling (FAP-α, P =0.003), angiogenesis-promoting (PDGFR-α; P =0.000) and invasion markers (Neuron-glial antigen 2, P =0.000; S100A4, P =0.07) compared with Luminal subtypes. Mean Microvessel density showed an increasing trend: Luminal A>Luminal B>Her-2 positive>TNBC; however, this difference was not statistically significant. The cancer-associated fibroblasts (FAP-α, PDGFR-α, and Neuron-glial antigen 2) showed a positive correlation with lymph node metastasis in specific subtypes. Immune cells, tumor-associated macrophage, and cancer-associated fibroblast-related s tromal markers showed higher expression in Luminal B, Her-2 positive, and TNBC respectively. This differential expression of different components of TME indicates heterogeneity of the TME across molecular subtypes of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shalmoli Bhattacharya
- Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Baracani R, Bhaskaran M, Davis SM, Morford L, Luffer-Atlas D. PDGFRα monoclonal antibody: Assessment of toxicity in juvenile mice administered a murine surrogate antibody of olaratumab. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:782-796. [PMID: 36916488 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olaratumab (Lartruvo™) is a recombinant human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that specifically binds PDGFRα. In order to support use of Lartruvo in pediatric patients, a definitive juvenile animal study in neonatal mice was conducted with a human anti-mouse PDGFRα antibody analog of olaratumab (LSN3338786). METHODS A pilot study was used to set doses for the definitive juvenile mouse study. In the definitive study, juvenile mice were administered vehicle, 50, 100, or 150 mg/kg LSN3338786 by subcutaneous (SC) injection every 3 days between postnatal days (PND) 1 and 49, for a total of 17 doses. Blood samples were collected on PND 49 for antibody analysis and toxicokinetic evaluation. Tissues were collected on PND 52 for histopathologic examination. RESULTS Results of the pilot study indicated that dosing neonatal mice starting on PND 1 via SC administration every 3 days was logistically feasible, produced exposures consistent with prior animal studies, and the selected dose levels were well tolerated by juvenile mice. In the definitive juvenile study, there were no LSN3338786-related deaths, clinical findings, and no effects on mean body weights, body weight gains, or food consumption. Additionally, there were no adverse LSN3338786-related hematology findings, and no macroscopic, organ weight, or microscopic findings of note. The highest dose evaluated, 150 mg/kg, was considered the NOAEL for juvenile toxicity. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the juvenile animal studies did not identify any new toxicities or increased sensitivities for the intended pediatric patient population. The use of the surrogate antibody approach in a standard rodent model enabled the de-risking of theoretical concerns for toxicity in pediatric patients due to disruption of the PDGFRα pathway during early human development, such as pulmonary development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manoj Bhaskaran
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - LaRonda Morford
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Debra Luffer-Atlas
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Spennato P, De Martino L, Russo C, Errico ME, Imperato A, Mazio F, Miccoli G, Quaglietta L, Abate M, Covelli E, Donofrio V, Cinalli G. Tumors of Choroid Plexus and Other Ventricular Tumors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1405:175-223. [PMID: 37452939 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-23705-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Tumors arising inside the ventricular system are rare but represent a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. They usually are diagnosed when reaching a big volume and tend to affect young children. There is a wide broad of differential diagnoses with significant variability in anatomical aspects and tumor type. Differential diagnosis in tumor type includes choroid plexus tumors (papillomas and carcinomas), ependymomas, subependymomas, subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs), central neurocytomas, meningiomas, and metastases. Choroid plexus tumors, ependymomas of the posterior fossa, and SEGAs are more likely to appear in childhood, whereas subependymomas, central neurocytomas, intraventricular meningiomas, and metastases are more frequent in adults. This chapter is predominantly focused on choroid plexus tumors and radiological and histological differential diagnosis. Treatment is discussed in the light of the modern acquisition in genetics and epigenetics of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Spennato
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Via Mario Fiore 6, 80121, Naples, Italy.
| | - Lucia De Martino
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Santobono-Pausilipon Pediatric Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Russo
- Department of Neuroradiology, Santobono-Pausilipon Pediatric Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Errico
- Department of Pathology, Santobono-Pausilipon Pediatric Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Imperato
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Via Mario Fiore 6, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Mazio
- Department of Neuroradiology, Santobono-Pausilipon Pediatric Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Miccoli
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Via Mario Fiore 6, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Quaglietta
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Santobono-Pausilipon Pediatric Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Abate
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Santobono-Pausilipon Pediatric Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Eugenio Covelli
- Department of Neuroradiology, Santobono-Pausilipon Pediatric Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria Donofrio
- Department of Pathology, Santobono-Pausilipon Pediatric Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cinalli
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Via Mario Fiore 6, 80121, Naples, Italy
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Abdelgawad MA, Hayallah AM, Bukhari SNA, Musa A, Elmowafy M, Abdel-Rahman HM, Abd El-Gaber MK. Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, and Anticancer Evaluation of New VEGFR-2 Inhibitors Based on the Indolin-2-One Scaffold. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1416. [PMID: 36422546 PMCID: PMC9698773 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of indoline-2-one derivatives was designed and synthesized based on the essential pharmacophoric features of VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Anti-proliferative activities were assessed for all derivatives against breast (MCF-7) and liver (HepG2) cancer cell lines, using sunitinib as a reference agent. The most potent anti-proliferative derivatives were evaluated for their VEGFR-2 inhibition activity. The effects of the most potent inhibitor, 17a, on cell cycle, apoptosis, and expression of apoptotic markers (caspase-3&-9, BAX, and Bcl-2) were studied. Molecular modeling studies, such as docking simulations, physicochemical properties prediction, and pharmacokinetic profiling were performed. The results revealed that derivatives 5b, 10e, 10g, 15a, and 17a exhibited potent anticancer activities with IC50 values from 0.74-4.62 µM against MCF-7 cell line (sunitinib IC50 = 4.77 µM) and from 1.13-8.81 µM against HepG2 cell line (sunitinib IC50 = 2.23 µM). Furthermore, these compounds displayed potent VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 0.160, 0.358, 0.087, 0.180, and 0.078 µM, respectively (sunitinib IC50 = 0.139 µM). Cell cycle analysis demonstrated the ability of 17a to induce a cell cycle arrest of the HepG2 cells at the S phase and increase the total apoptosis by 3.5-fold. Moreover, 17a upregulated the expression levels of apoptotic markers caspase-3 and -9 by 6.9-fold and 3.7-fold, respectively. In addition, 17a increased the expression level of BAX by 2.7-fold while decreasing the expression level of Bcl-2 by 1.9-fold. The molecular docking simulations displayed enhanced binding interactions and similar placement as sunitinib inside the active pocket of VEGFR-2. The molecular modeling calculations showed that all the test compounds were in accordance with Lipinski and Veber rules for oral bioavailability and had promising drug-likeness behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa M. Hayallah
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, New Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Elmowafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdy M. Abdel-Rahman
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University, Assiut 2014101, Egypt
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Montori M, Scorzoni C, Argenziano ME, Balducci D, De Blasio F, Martini F, Buono T, Benedetti A, Marzioni M, Maroni L. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Cholangiocarcinoma: Current Knowledge and Possible Implications for Therapy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6498. [PMID: 36362726 PMCID: PMC9654416 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive neoplasia with an increasing incidence and mortality. It is characterized by a strong desmoplastic stroma surrounding cancer cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the main cell type of CCA stroma and they have an important role in modulating cancer microenvironments. CAFs originate from multiple lines of cells and mainly consist of fibroblasts and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) positive myofibroblast-like cells. The continuous cross-talking between CCA cells and desmoplastic stroma is permitted by CAF biochemical signals, which modulate a number of pathways. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 expression increases CAF recruitment to the tumor reactive stroma and influences apoptotic pathways. The Bcl-2 family protein enhances susceptibility to CAF apoptosis and PDGFRβ induces fibroblast migration and stimulates tumor lymphangiogenesis. Many factors related to CAFs may influence CCA prognosis. For instance, a better prognosis is associated with IL-33 expression and low stromal IL-6 (whose secretion is stimulated by microRNA). In contrast, a worst prognosis is given by the expression of PDGF-D, podoplanin, SDF-1, α-SMA high expression, and periostin. The maturity phenotype has a prognostic relevance too. New therapeutic strategies involving CAFs are currently under study. Promising results are obtained with anti-PlGF therapy, nintedanib (BIBF1120), navitoclax, IPI-926, resveratrol, and controlled hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Montori
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Emergency Digestive Endoscopy, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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Inflammatory Indexes as Prognostic Factors of Survival in Geriatric Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Control Study of Eight Slovak Centers. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144183. [PMID: 35887947 PMCID: PMC9318669 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) often occurs in geriatric patients. The aim of our study was to compare overall survival and progression-free survival between geriatric patients (>75 years) and patients younger than 75 years and to identify predictive factors of survival in geriatric patients with HCC. Material and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with HCC diagnosed in Slovakia between 2010−2016. Cases (HCC patients ≥75 years) were matched to controls (HCC patients <74 years) based on the propensity score (gender, BCLC stage and the first-line treatment). Results: We included 148 patients (84 men, 57%) with HCC. There were no differences between cases and controls in the baseline characteristics. The overall survival in geriatric patients with HCC was comparable to younger controls (p = 0.42). The one-, two-, and three-year overall survival was 42% and 31%, 19% and 12%, and 12% and 9% in geriatric patients and controls, respectively (p = 0.2, 0.4, 0.8). Similarly, there was no difference in the one- and two-year progression-free survival: 28% and 18% vs. 10% and 7% in geriatric HCC patients and controls, respectively (p = 0.2, 1, -). There was no case−control difference between geriatric HCC patients and younger HCC controls in the overall survival in the subpopulation of patients with no known comorbidities (p = 0.5), one and two comorbidities (p = 0.49), and three or more comorbidities (p = 0.39). Log (CRP), log (NLR), log (PLR), and log (SII) were all associated with the three-year survival in geriatric HCC patients in simple logistic regression analyses. However, this time, only log (NLR) remained associated even after controlling for the age and BCLC confounding (OR 5.32, 95% CI 1.43−28.85). Conclusions. We found no differences in overall survival and progression-free survival between older and younger HCC patients. Parameters of subclinical inflammation predict prognosis in geriatric patients with HCC. A limitation of the study is small number of the treated patients; therefore, further investigation is warranted.
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Aluai-Cunha C, Matos A, Amorim I, Carvalho F, Rêma A, Santos A. Immunohistochemical Expression of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor β (PDGFR-β) in Canine Cutaneous Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors: A Preliminary Study. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070345. [PMID: 35878362 PMCID: PMC9319676 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The peripheral nerve sheath tumors are relatively common neoplasms, belong to the soft tissue sarcomas group, and are poorly investigated in veterinary medicine; the diagnosis is complex, and therapeutic options are limited. The platelet-derived growth factor receptors, namely the β subunit, are an important class of tyrosine kinase receptors that can be activated by genetic alterations and contribute to the process of carcinogenesis, so the inhibition of this receptor is an important therapeutic target. Using the immunohistochemical technique, this study aims to evaluate the expression of this receptor in 19 samples, 10 malignant and 9 benign tumors. The results showed that the majority of benign tumors, about 67% of cases, expressed the receptor in less than 25% of neoplastic cells and, in 80% cases of malignant tumors, the receptor was expressed in more than 25% of neoplastic cells. It was also found that, in the larger tumors, the expression of this receptor was significantly higher. With these findings it seems reasonable to speculate that the drugs able to inhibit this receptor, such as toceranib, may be considered in the therapeutic approach of these tumors. Abstract As in humans, the prevalence of tumors in companion animals is increasing dramatically and there is a strong need for research on new pharmacological agents particularly for the treatment of those tumors that are resistant to conventional chemotherapy agents such as soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Because malignant (MPNST) and benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors (BPNST) are relatively common STS in dogs, the aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of PDGFR-β, contributing to its characterization as a potential target for their treatment. A total of 19 samples were included, 9 histologically classified as benign and the other 10 as malignant. The results showed diffuse immunoexpression in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells. Six (66.7%) BPNST expressed the receptor in less than 25% of neoplastic cells and only three (33.3%) exhibited labelling in more than 25% of neoplastic cells. In contrast, all MPNST expressed PDGFR-β, and in 8 (80%) of these samples, the receptor was expressed in more than 25% of neoplastic cells, and only 2 (20%) cases expressed the receptor in less than 25% of neoplastic cells. PDGFR-β expression was significantly higher in MPNST and larger tumors, suggesting that drugs able to inhibit the activity of this tyrosine kinase receptor, such as toceranib, may be considered in the approach of unresectable tumors and/or in the context of adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Aluai-Cunha
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.-C.); (A.M.)
| | - Augusto Matos
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.-C.); (A.M.)
- Animal Science and Study Centre (CECA), Food and Agrarian Sciences and Technologies Institute (ICETA), P. Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Irina Amorim
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.A.); (F.C.); (A.R.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP), University of Porto, R. Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carvalho
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.A.); (F.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Alexandra Rêma
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.A.); (F.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Andreia Santos
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.-C.); (A.M.)
- Animal Science and Study Centre (CECA), Food and Agrarian Sciences and Technologies Institute (ICETA), P. Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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11
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Bisbee C, Campagne O, Gajjar A, Tinkle CL, Stewart CF. Population pharmacokinetics of crenolanib in children and young adults with brain tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 89:459-468. [PMID: 35212779 PMCID: PMC8957602 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Crenolanib, an oral inhibitor of platelet-derived growth factor receptor, was evaluated to treat children and young adults with brain tumors. Crenolanib population pharmacokinetics and covariate influence were characterized in this patient population. METHODS Patients enrolled on this phase I study (NCT01393912) received oral crenolanib once daily. Serial single-dose and steady-state serum pharmacokinetic samples were collected and analyzed using a validated LC-ESI-MS/MS method. Population modeling and covariate analysis evaluating demographics, laboratory values, and comedications were performed. The impact of significant covariates on crenolanib exposure was further explored using model simulations. RESULTS Crenolanib serum concentrations were analyzed for 55 patients (2.1-19.2 years-old) and best fitted with a linear two-compartment model, with delayed absorption modeled with a lag time. A typical patient [8-year-old, body surface area (BSA) 1 m2] had an apparent central clearance, volume, and absorption rate of 41 L/h, 54.3 L, and 0.19 /h, respectively. Patients taking acid reducers (histamine H2 antagonists or proton pump inhibitors) concomitantly exhibited about 2- and 1.7-fold lower clearance and volume (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.018, respectively). Crenolanib clearance increased with BSA (p < 0.0001), and absorption rate decreased with age (p < 0.0001). Model simulations showed cotreatment with an acid reducer was the only covariate significantly altering crenolanib exposure and supported the use of BSA-based crenolanib dosages vs flat-dosages for this population. CONCLUSIONS Crenolanib pharmacokinetics were adequately characterized in children and young adults with brain tumors. Despite marked increased drug exposure with acid reducer cotreatment, crenolanib therapy was well tolerated. No dosing adjustments are recommended for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Bisbee
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105-2794, USA
| | - Olivia Campagne
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105-2794, USA
| | - Amar Gajjar
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Christopher L Tinkle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Clinton F Stewart
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105-2794, USA.
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12
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Wilczyński JR, Nowak M. Cancer Immunoediting: Elimination, Equilibrium, and Immune Escape in Solid Tumors. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2022; 113:1-57. [PMID: 35165859 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91311-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emphasizing the dynamic processes between cancer and host immune system, the initially discovered concept of cancer immunosurveillance has been replaced by the current concept of cancer immunoediting consisting of three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape. Solid tumors composed of both cancer and host stromal cells are an example how the three phases of cancer immunoediting functionally evolve and how tumor shaped by the host immune system gets finally resistant phenotype. The elimination, equilibrium, and escape have been described in this chapter in details, including the role of immune surveillance, cancer dormancy, disruption of the antigen-presenting machinery, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, resistance to apoptosis, as well as the function of tumor stroma, microvesicles, exosomes, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek R Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marek Nowak
- Department of Operative Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Operative and Endoscopic Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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13
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Liu B, Xiao X, Lin Z, Lou Y, Zhao L. PDGFRB is a potential prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in gastric cancer. Cancer Biomark 2021; 34:251-264. [PMID: 34958001 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common cancer with high mortality and morbidity rates worldwide. Although medical and surgical treatments have improved, the mechanisms of the progression of GC remain unclear. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFRB) plays a pivotal role in angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation and has been suggested as a prognostic marker of cancer. This study aimed to explore the relationship of PDGFRB expression with clinicopathologic characteristics, immune cell infiltration status, and prognosis in GC. In this study, we visualized the expression and prognostic values of PDGFRB in GC using the Oncomine, UALCAN, GEPIA, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases. And then we explored the potential relationships between PDGFRB expression and the levels of immune cell infiltration using the TIMER, GEPIA databases and CIBERSORT algorithm. Furthermore, LinkedOmics analysis was performed to explore the functions for PDGFRB. The results showed close correlations between PDGFRB and immune cell infiltration especially M2 Macrophage infiltration in GC. High PDGFRB expression was related to poor outcomes in GC. High PDGFRB expression can negatively affect GC prognosis by promoting angiogenesis and modulating the tumor immune microenvironment. These results strongly suggest that PDGFRB can be used as a prognostic biomarker of GC and provide novel insights into possible immunotherapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xingxing Xiao
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziqin Lin
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongliang Lou
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Chen JN, He YD, Liang HT, Cai TT, Chen Q, Zheng KW. Regulation of PDGFR-β gene expression by targeting the G-vacancy bearing G-quadruplex in promoter. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:12634-12643. [PMID: 34850916 PMCID: PMC8682790 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplex is an essential element in gene transcription that serves as a promising drug target. Guanine-vacancy-bearing G-quadruplex (GVBQ) is a newly identified G-quadruplex that has distinct structural features from the canonical G-quadruplex. Potential GVBQ-forming motifs are widely distributed in gene promoter regions. However, whether GVBQ can form in genomic DNA and be an effective target for manipulating gene expression is unknown. Using photo-crosslinking, dimethyl sulfate footprinting, exonuclease digestion and in vitro transcription, we demonstrated the formation of a GVBQ in the G-rich nuclease hypersensitivity element within the human PDGFR-β gene promoter region in both single-stranded and double-stranded DNA. The formation of GVBQ in dsDNA could be induced by negative supercoiling created by downstream transcription. We also found that the PDGFR-β GVBQ was specifically recognized and stabilized by a new synthetic porphyrin guanine conjugate (mPG). Targeting the PDGFR-β GVBQ in human cancer cells using the mPG could specifically alter PDGFR-β gene expression. Our work illustrates that targeting GVBQ with mPG in human cells can regulate the expression level of a specific gene, thus indicating a novel strategy for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Nan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yi-de He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ting Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Wei Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
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15
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Tang HY, Guo JQ, Sang BT, Cheng JN, Wu XM. PDGFRβ Modulates Aerobic Glycolysis in Osteosarcoma HOS Cells via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/c-Myc Pathway. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 100:75-84. [PMID: 34678088 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2021-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor abundant in vascular tissue, and its rich blood supply may have a significant impact on its metabolic characteristics. PDGFRβ is a membrane receptor highly expressed in osteosarcoma cells and vascular wall cells, and its effect on osteosarcoma metabolism needs to be further studied. In this study, we discussed the effect and mechanism of PDGFRβ on the glucose metabolism of osteosarcomaHOS cells. First, GSEA, Pearson's correlation test, and PPI correlation analysis indicated the positive regulation of PDGFRβ on aerobic glycolysis in osteosarcoma. The results of qPCR and western blot further confirmed the prediction of bioinformatics. Glucose metabolism experiments proved that PDGF/PDGFRβ couldeffectively promote the aerobic glycolysis of osteosarcoma cells. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential experiment proved that the metabolic change triggered by PDGFRβ was not caused by mitochondrial damage. PI3K pathway inhibitor LY294002 or MEK pathway inhibitor U0126, or Warburg effect inhibitor DCA was used to carry out western blot and glucose metabolism experiments, and the results showed that PDGFBB/PDGFRβ mainly activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/ c-Myc pathway to promote aerobic glycolysis in osteosarcoma HOS cells. The newly elucidated role of PDGFRβ provides a novel metabolic therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Ying Tang
- Chongqing Medical University, 12550, Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Medical University, 12550, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Basic Medical College, Chongqing, Sichuan, China;
| | - Jia-Qi Guo
- Chongqing Medical University, 12550, Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Medical University, 12550, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center,Basic Medical College, Chongqing, China;
| | - Bo-Tao Sang
- Chongqing Medical University, 12550, Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Medical University, 12550, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Basic Medical College, Chongqing, China;
| | - Jun-Ning Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 585250, Department of Vascular Surgery, Chongqing, China;
| | - Xiang-Mei Wu
- Chongqing Medical University, 12550, Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Medical University, 12550, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Basic Medical College, Chongqing, China;
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16
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Gibson EG, Campagne O, Selvo NS, Gajjar A, Stewart CF. Population pharmacokinetic analysis of crizotinib in children with progressive/recurrent high-grade and diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:1009-1020. [PMID: 34586478 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Crizotinib, a potent oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was evaluated in combination with dasatinib in a phase 1 trial (NCT01644773) in children with progressive or recurrent high-grade and diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (HGG and DIPG). This study aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetics of crizotinib in this population and identify significant covariates. METHODS Patients (N = 36, age range 2.9-21.3 years) were treated orally once or twice-daily with 100-215 mg/m2 crizotinib and 50-65 mg/m2 dasatinib. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed for crizotinib alone after the first dose and at steady state, and for the drug combination at steady state. Crizotinib plasma concentrations were measured using a validated LC-MS/MS method. Population modeling was performed (Monolix) and the impact of factors including patient demographics and co-medications were investigated on crizotinib pharmacokinetics. RESULTS Crizotinib concentrations were described with a linear two-compartment model and absorption lag time. Concomitant dasatinib and overweight/obese status significantly influenced crizotinib pharmacokinetics, resulting in clinically relevant impact (> 20%) on drug exposure. Crizotinib mean apparent clearance (CL/F) was 66.7 L/h/m2 after single-dose and decreased to 26.5 L/h/m2 at steady state when given alone, but not when combined with dasatinib (mean 60.8 L/h/m2). Overweight/obese patients exhibited lower crizotinib CL/F and apparent volume V1/F (mean 46.2 L/h/m2 and 73.3 L/m2) compared to other patients (mean 75.5 L/h/m2 and 119.3 L/m2, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION A potential pharmacokinetic interaction was observed between crizotinib and dasatinib in children with HGG and DIPG. Further, crizotinib exposure was significantly higher in overweight/obese patients, who may require a dosing adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Gibson
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.,Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Olivia Campagne
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Nicholas S Selvo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Amar Gajjar
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Clinton F Stewart
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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17
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Yang HH, Liu JW, Lee JH, Harn HJ, Chiou TW. Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Therapeutics Targeting RTK and TGF Beta Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158125. [PMID: 34360896 PMCID: PMC8348294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the improved overall survival rates in most cancers, pancreatic cancer remains one of the deadliest cancers in this decade. The rigid microenvironment, which majorly comprises cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), plays an important role in the obstruction of pancreatic cancer therapy. To overcome this predicament, the signaling of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and TGF beta receptor (TGFβR) in both pancreatic cancer cell and supporting CAF should be considered as the therapeutic target. The activation of receptors has been reported to be aberrant to cell cycle regulation, and signal transduction pathways, such as growth-factor induced proliferation, and can also influence the apoptotic sensitivity of tumor cells. In this article, the regulation of RTKs/TGFβR between pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and CAFs, as well as the RTKs/TGFβR inhibitor-based clinical trials on pancreatic cancer are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Han Yang
- Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan;
| | - Jen-Wei Liu
- Everfront Biotech Inc., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan; (J.-W.L.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jui-Hao Lee
- Everfront Biotech Inc., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan; (J.-W.L.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-J.H.); (T.-W.C.)
| | - Tzyy-Wen Chiou
- Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (H.-J.H.); (T.-W.C.)
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18
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Yu Z, Seim I, Yin M, Tian R, Sun D, Ren W, Yang G, Xu S. Comparative analyses of aging-related genes in long-lived mammals provide insights into natural longevity. Innovation (N Y) 2021; 2:100108. [PMID: 34557758 PMCID: PMC8454735 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme longevity has evolved multiple times during the evolution of mammals, yet its underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely underexplored. Here, we compared the evolution of 115 aging-related genes in 11 long-lived species and 25 mammals with non-increased lifespan (control group) in the hopes of better understanding the common molecular mechanisms behind longevity. We identified 16 unique positively selected genes and 23 rapidly evolving genes in long-lived species, which included nine genes involved in regulating lifespan through the insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway and 11 genes highly enriched in immune-response-related pathways, suggesting that the IIS pathway and immune response play a particularly important role in exceptional mammalian longevity. Interestingly, 11 genes related to cancer progression, including four positively selected genes and seven genes with convergent amino acid changes, were shared by two or more long-lived lineages, indicating that long-lived mammals might have evolved convergent or similar mechanisms of cancer resistance that extended their lifespan. This suggestion was further corroborated by our identification of 12 robust candidates for longevity-related genes closely related to cancer. Evolution analyses of 115 aging-related genes exploring natural longevity in mammals Positively selected genes & rapidly evolved genes enriched in IIS and immune pathways Convergent mutations in genes associated with cancer in long-lived species Evolution of longevity through cancer resistance in long-lived mammals
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Inge Seim
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Integrative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mengxin Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ran Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Di Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenhua Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shixia Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Target spectrum of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia. Int J Hematol 2021; 113:632-641. [PMID: 33772728 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-021-03126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BCR-ABL1 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and it has been investigated as a druggable target of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) over two decades. Since imatinib, the first TKI for anti-cancer therapy, was successfully applied in CML therapy, further generation TKIs and a novel allosteric inhibitor targeting the myristate binding site have been developed as alternative options for CML management. However, significant concerns regarding toxicity profiles, especially in long-term treatment, have emerged from TKI clinical data. Efforts to reduce adverse events and serious complications are warranted not only for survival, but also quality of life in CML patients. A better understanding of the mechanism of action will help to identify on- and off-target effects of TKIs, and guide personalized TKI drug selection in each individual CML patient. Herein, this review summarizes the biologic mechanism of BCR-ABL1 inhibition and differential target spectra, and related off-target effects of each TKI.
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Wang Z, Jiang L, Yan H, Xu Z, Luo P. Adverse events associated with nilotinib in chronic myeloid leukemia: mechanisms and management strategies. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021; 14:445-456. [PMID: 33618586 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1894129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Nilotinib is a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting BCR/ABL, which is used for the first-line treatment of newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients and the second-line treatment of most CML patients who are resistant or intolerant to prior therapy that includes imatinib. In addition to common adverse reactions, long-term use of nilotinib shows some toxicities that are different from those of occurring during other BCR/ABL TKI treatments, such as cardiovascular toxicity. It is life-threatening, which would affect not only the choice of initial treatment of CML patients but also the safety of long-term medication.Areas covered: Through searching literature and reports from PubMed and clinical trials, here we review a profile of the adverse effects induced by nilotinib. We also discuss the potential molecular toxicological mechanisms and clinical management, which may provide strategies to prevent or intervene the toxicity associated with nilotinib.Expert opinion: Severe adverse effects associated with nilotinib limit its long-term clinical application. However, the exact mechanisms underlying these toxicities remain unclear. Future research should focus on the developing strategies to reduce the toxicities of nilotinib as well as to avoid similar toxicity in the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Wang
- Department of Colorectal Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyu Jiang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhifei Xu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peihua Luo
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Miyashita N, Horie M, Suzuki HI, Saito M, Mikami Y, Okuda K, Boucher RC, Suzukawa M, Hebisawa A, Saito A, Nagase T. FOXL1 Regulates Lung Fibroblast Function via Multiple Mechanisms. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 63:831-842. [PMID: 32946266 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0396oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts provide a structural framework for multiple organs and are essential for wound repair and fibrotic processes. Here, we demonstrate functional roles of FOXL1 (forkhead box L1), a transcription factor that characterizes the pulmonary origin of lung fibroblasts. We detected high FOXL1 transcripts associated with DNA hypomethylation and super-enhancer formation in lung fibroblasts, which is in contrast with fibroblasts derived from other organs. RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in normal lung tissue indicated that FOXL1 mRNA and protein are expressed in submucosal interstitial cells together with airway epithelial cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that FOXL1 could control a broad array of genes that potentiate fibroblast function, including TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif)/YAP (Yes-associated protein) signature genes and PDGFRα (platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α). FOXL1 silencing in lung fibroblasts attenuated cell growth and collagen gel contraction capacity, underscoring the functional importance of FOXL1 in fibroproliferative reactions. Of clinical importance, increased FOXL1 mRNA expression was found in fibroblasts of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung tissue. Our observations suggest that FOXL1 regulates multiple functional aspects of lung fibroblasts as a key transcription factor and is involved in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Miyashita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, and
| | - Masafumi Horie
- Department of Cancer Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi I Suzuki
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Division of Molecular Oncology, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Minako Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, and
| | - Yu Mikami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, and.,Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, and.,Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Maho Suzukawa
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Hebisawa
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, and.,Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, and
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Effendi N, Mishiro K, Shiba K, Kinuya S, Ogawa K. Development of Radiogallium-Labeled Peptides for Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor β (PDGFR β) Imaging: Influence of Different Linkers. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010041. [PMID: 33374773 PMCID: PMC7795354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop peptide-based platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) imaging probes and examine the effects of several linkers, namely un-natural amino acids (D-alanine and β-alanine) and ethylene-glycol (EG), on the properties of Ga-DOTA-(linker)-IPLPPPRRPFFK peptides. Seven radiotracers, 67Ga-DOTA-(linker)-IPLPPPRRPFFK peptides, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. The stability and cell uptake in PDGFRβ positive peptide cells were evaluated in vitro. The biodistribution of [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-EG2-IPLPPPRRPFFK ([67Ga]27) and [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-EG4-IPLPPPRRPFFK ([67Ga]28), which were selected based on in vitro stability in murine plasma and cell uptake rates, were determined in BxPC3-luc-bearing nu/nu mice. Seven 67Ga-labeled peptides were successfully synthesized with high radiochemical yields (>85%) and purities (>99%). All evaluated radiotracers were stable in PBS (pH 7.4) at 37 °C. However, only [67Ga]27 and [67Ga]28 remained more than 75% after incubation in murine plasma at 37 °C for 1 h. [67Ga]27 exhibited the highest BxPC3-luc cell uptake among the prepared radiolabeled peptides. As regards the results of the biodistribution experiments, the tumor-to-blood ratios of [67Ga]27 and [67Ga]28 at 1 h post-injection were 2.61 ± 0.75 and 2.05 ± 0.77, respectively. Co-injection of [67Ga]27 and an excess amount of IPLPPPRRPFFK peptide as a blocking agent can significantly decrease this ratio. However, tumor accumulation was not considered sufficient. Therefore, further probe modification is required to assess tumor accumulation for in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurmaya Effendi
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; (N.E.); (K.M.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Urip Sumiharjo KM. 10, Makassar 90-231, Indonesia
| | - Kenji Mishiro
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; (N.E.); (K.M.)
| | - Kazuhiro Shiba
- Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi 13-1, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan;
| | - Seigo Kinuya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi 13-1, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan;
| | - Kazuma Ogawa
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; (N.E.); (K.M.)
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-76-234-4460
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Ahmed I, Sozmen M. Expression of PDGF-A, PDGFRA, integrin subunit alpha V and selectin E is increased in canine cutaneous fibrosarcomas. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:546-554. [PMID: 33034211 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1832256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the expression of platelet derived growth factor alpha (PDGFA); its receptor, PDGFRA; integrin subunit alpha V; and selectin E in cutaneous fibrosarcomas in dogs. Ten cases of canine fibrosarcomas were obtained from the archive of the Department of Pathology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun. Tissue sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff, Masson's trichrome, and also immunostained. Eight tumors classified as spontaneous fibrosarcomas exhibited interwoven bundles of spindle shaped cells with oval to plump nuclei and scant cytoplasm, while two tumors exhibited features of injection site fibrosarcoma with peripheral infiltration of mononuclear cells and intratumor necrosis. We found that neoplastic cells from all cases exhibited cytoplasmic expression of PDGFA, and cytoplasmic and nuclear staining for PDGFRA. Integrin subunit alpha V immunostaining was observed in all cases, while selectin E expression was observed in vascular endothelial cells and neoplastic cells. A significant positive correlation was found between the expression of PDGFA and integrin subunit alpha V. Our findings indicate that PDGFA, PDGFRA, integrin subunit alpha V and selectin E are expressed strongly in canine cutaneous fibrosarcomas and may contribute to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahmut Sozmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University , Samsun, Turkey
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Sözmen M, Devrim AK, Sudağıdan M, Kabak YB, Yıldırım F. Expression of angiogenic growth factors in canine squamous cell cancers. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:450-459. [PMID: 33006294 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1818826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin and subcutaneous tissue tumors are the most common neoplasms in dogs. The most common sites of origin in dogs include digits, skin and the oral cavity including cheek and retromandibular area. We investigated canine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) samples from 15 dogs and classified them histopathologically according to the degree of differentiation. bFGF, VEGF-C, TGF-β, PDGF-A, PDGF-C and PDGFR-α expressions were assessed using immunohistochemistry to determine the roles of growth factors during SCC. We found that TGF-β1 immunolabeling was elevated significantly compared to healthy controls in SCC originating from nailbeds, while expression of other growth factors did not change significantly. Our findings might explain the role of TGF-β1 in the infiltrative and malignant behavior of SCC originating from nailbeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sözmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - A K Devrim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - M Sudağıdan
- KIT-ARGEM R & D Center, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Y B Kabak
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - F Yıldırım
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kim MS, Choi HS, Wu M, Myung J, Kim EJ, Kim YS, Ro S, Ha SE, Bartlett A, Wei L, Ryu HS, Choi SC, Park WC, Kim KY, Lee MY. Potential Role of PDGFRβ-Associated THBS4 in Colorectal Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092533. [PMID: 32899998 PMCID: PMC7564555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We found increased levels of THBS4 and PDGFRb in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues of colon cancer patients. The relationship and the cause of the increase in these proteins had to be determined. Therefore, we performed several experiments and confirmed that excessive PDGFRb stimulation induces the THBS4 secretion through the intracellular Ca2+ signaling proteins. Our data show the possibility of post-translational modification of THBS4 by PDGFRb stimulation as there was no significant change in the THBS4 mRNA. Abstract Colorectal cancer is a significant cause of death since it frequently metastasizes to several organs such as the lung or liver. Tumor development is affected by various factors, including a tumor microenvironment, which may be an essential factor that leads to tumor growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In the tumor microenvironment, abnormal changes in various growth factors, enzymes, and cytokines can wield a strong influence on cancer. Thrombospondin-4 (THBS4), which is an extracellular matrix protein, also plays essential roles in the tumor microenvironment and mediates angiogenesis by transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ), which is a receptor tyrosine kinase and is also a downstream signal of TGFβ, is associated with invasion and metastasis in colorectal cancer. We identified that PDGFRβ and THBS4 are overexpressed in tumor tissues of colorectal cancer patients, and that PDGF-D expression increased after TGFβ treatment in the colon cancer cell line DLD-1. TGFβ and PDGF-D increased cellular THBS4 protein levels and secretion but did not increase THBS4 mRNA levels. This response was further confirmed by the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R) and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) blockade as well as the PDGFRβ blockade. We propose that the PDGFRβ signal leads to a modification of the incomplete form of THBS4 to its complete form through IP3R, STIM1, and Ca2+-signal proteins, which further induces THBS4 secretion. Additionally, we identified that DLD-1 cell-conditioned medium stimulated with PDGF-D promotes adhesion, migration, and proliferation of colon myofibroblast CCD-18co cells, and this effect was intensified in the presence of thrombin. These findings suggest that excessive PDGFRβ signaling due to increased TGFβ and PDGF-D in colorectal tumors leads to over-secretion of THBS4 and proliferative tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seob Kim
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute, and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.S.C.); (M.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Hyun Seok Choi
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute, and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.S.C.); (M.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Moxin Wu
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute, and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.S.C.); (M.W.); (J.M.)
| | - JiYeon Myung
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute, and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.S.C.); (M.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Eui Joong Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (E.J.K.); (Y.S.K.); (H.-S.R.); (S.C.C.)
| | - Yong Sung Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (E.J.K.); (Y.S.K.); (H.-S.R.); (S.C.C.)
| | - Seungil Ro
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.R.); (S.E.H.); (A.B.); (L.W.)
| | - Se Eun Ha
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.R.); (S.E.H.); (A.B.); (L.W.)
| | - Allison Bartlett
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.R.); (S.E.H.); (A.B.); (L.W.)
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.R.); (S.E.H.); (A.B.); (L.W.)
| | - Han-Seung Ryu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (E.J.K.); (Y.S.K.); (H.-S.R.); (S.C.C.)
| | - Suck Chei Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (E.J.K.); (Y.S.K.); (H.-S.R.); (S.C.C.)
| | - Won Cheol Park
- Department of Surgery, Digestive Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (W.C.P.); (K.Y.K.)
| | - Keun Young Kim
- Department of Surgery, Digestive Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (W.C.P.); (K.Y.K.)
| | - Moon Young Lee
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute, and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.S.C.); (M.W.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-9437-6774
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Uveal Melanoma Cells Elicit Retinal Pericyte Phenotypical and Biochemical Changes in an in Vitro Model of Coculture. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155557. [PMID: 32756477 PMCID: PMC7432414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular pericytes are an important cellular component in the tumor microenvironment, however, their role in supporting cancer invasion is poorly understood. We hypothesized that PDGF-BB could be involved in the transition of human retinal pericytes (HRPC) in cancer-activated fibroblasts (CAF), induced by the 92.1 uveal melanoma (UM) cell line. In our model system, HRPC were conditioned by co-culturing with 92.1UM for 6 days (cHRPC), in the presence or absence of imatinib, to block PDGF receptor-β (PDGFRβ). The effects of the treatments were tested by wound healing assay, proliferation assay, RT-PCR, high-content screening, Western blot analysis, and invasion assay. Results showed profound changes in cHRPC shape, with increased proliferation and motility, reduction of NG2 and increase of TGF-β1, α-SMA, vimentin, and FSP-1 protein levels, modulation of PDGF isoform mRNA levels, phospho-PDGFRβ, and PDGFRβ, as well as phospho-STAT3 increases. A reduction of IL-1β and IFNγ and an increase in TNFα, IL10, and TGF-β1, CXCL11, CCL18, and VEGF mRNA in cHRPC were found. Imatinib was effective in preventing all the 92.1UM-induced changes. Moreover, cHRPC elicited a significant increase of 92.1UM cell invasion and active MMP9 protein levels. Our data suggest that retinal microvascular pericytes could promote 92.1UM growth through the acquisition of the CAF phenotype.
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Abdellateif MS, Shaarawy S, Elesawy YF, Mansour M, Tharwat E, Ibrahim NH, Eissa MS. The Role of Vitamin D, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 in the Progression of Thyroid Diseases. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2083-2089. [PMID: 32711436 PMCID: PMC7573424 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.7.2083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid cancer (TC) is a common malignant tumor, however the role of total vitamin D: 25(OH)D, Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) and Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) in the development of TC is still unclear. Aim: To assess the roles of 25(OH)D, PDGF and IGF-1 in the progression of thyroid diseases. METHODS: The serum levels of 25(OH)D, PDGF and IGF-1 were assessed in 70 patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), 60 patients with benign thyroid nodules (BN) compared to 60 normal controls (NC) using ELISA technique. Results: There was a significant decrease in the serum level of 25(OH)D in TC patients compared to NC (P<0.001) and BN patients (P=0.006). There was a significant increase in the serum levels of PDGF and IGF-1 in TC patients (P<0.001), and BN patients (P<0.001) compared to NC, while there were no significant differences between TC and BN (P=0.087, and 0.258; respectively). PDGF correlated significantly with IGF-1 (r=0.412, P<0.001), TSH (r=0.146, P=0.045), and inversely correlated with 25(OH)D (r= -0.156, P=0.013) and FT4 (r=-0.178, P=0.014). There was a significant inverse correlation between the serum levels of IGF-1 and FT4 (r=-0.172, P=0.017). Sensitivity and specificity for assessment of TC patients were (65.7% and 58.3%, P= 0.001) for 25(OH)D, (65.7% and 58.3%, P=0.021) for IGF-1, and (68.6% and 61.7%, P=0.006) for PDGF. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that serum 25(OH)D (OR=0.578, 95%CI= 0.426-0.783), IGF-1 (OR=1.019, 95%CI= 1.010-1.029) and PDGF (OR=1.007, 95%CI= 1.004-1.009) were considered independent risk factors for thyroid cancer (P<0.001, for all). Conclusion: 25(OH) D, IGF-1 and PDGF are significantly different in TC and BN cases compared to control. They have an important role in the progression of TC. However, these data should be validated on a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona S Abdellateif
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sabry Shaarawy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmine F Elesawy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Mansour
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Effat Tharwat
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha H Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Eissa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kabak YB, Sozmen M, Devrim AK, Sudagidan M, Yildirim F, Guvenc T, Yarim M, Gulbahar YM, Ahmed I, Karaca E, Inal S. Expression levels of angiogenic growth factors in feline squamous cell carcinoma. Acta Vet Hung 2020; 68:37-48. [PMID: 32384073 DOI: 10.1556/004.2020.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the skin in cats. Tumour angiogenesis is the pivotal event for tumour progression and metastasis. We assessed protein and gene expression of angiogenic growth factors including bFGF, VEGF-C, TGF-β, PDGF-A, PDGF-C and PDGFR-α that possibly contribute to the angiogenic phenotype of feline SCC (FSCC) and could, therefore, be a good target in the treatment of SCC. In the present study, a total of 27 FSCC cases were investigated. Tumour cases were histopathologically classified as well differentiated (10/27), moderately differentiated (5/27), and poorly differentiated (12/27). The expression levels of the growth factors were detected using immunohistochemistry and assessed semi-quantitatively. Growth factor expression levels were evaluated at different locations: in the oral region, in areas exposed to solar UV radiation including the ears, eyelids and nasal planum, and other miscellaneous locations. Our findings have revealed that FSCC arising from different anatomical sites of the body and showing differences in aggressiveness, metastasis, and prognosis may be angiogenesis dependent, and angiogenic key regulators could play a role in the development of FSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonca B. Kabak
- 1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Sozmen
- 1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Alparslan K. Devrim
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Mert Sudagidan
- 3Konya Food and Agriculture University, Kit-Argem, Konya, Turkey
| | - Funda Yildirim
- 4Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tolga Guvenc
- 1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Murat Yarim
- 1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Yavuz M. Gulbahar
- 1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmed
- 5Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Efe Karaca
- 1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sinem Inal
- 1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
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A comprehensive review on the diagnosis and management of intimal sarcoma of the pulmonary artery. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 147:102889. [PMID: 32035299 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Only a few hundred cases of intimal sarcomas of pulmonary artery (ISPA) were reported on the literature. Diagnosis of this rare entity is a challenging dilemma with the need for a high expertise in the radiological and pathological identification of ISPA. Treatment strategies rely initially on an early aggressive surgery aiming for complete surgical resection with clear margins while no clear recommendations guiding the choice for additional drug therapy or radiotherapy exist. In this article, we perform an extensive review of the literature on ISPA with details on the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management strategies. An additional goal of this paper is to make practicing oncologists aware of this rare entity with clear idea on the initial management.
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Tsioumpekou M, Cunha SI, Ma H, Åhgren A, Cedervall J, Olsson AK, Heldin CH, Lennartsson J. Specific targeting of PDGFRβ in the stroma inhibits growth and angiogenesis in tumors with high PDGF-BB expression. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1122-1135. [PMID: 31938055 PMCID: PMC6956815 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signaling plays an important role during vascularization by mediating pericyte recruitment to the vasculature, promoting the integrity and function of vessels. Until now it has not been possible to assess the specific role of PDGFRβ signaling in tumor progression and angiogenesis due to lack of appropriate animal models and molecular tools. Methods: In the present study, we used a transgenic knock-in mouse strain carrying a silent mutation in the PDGFRβ ATP binding site that allows specific targeting of PDGFRβ using the compound 1-NaPP1. To evaluate the impact of selective PDGFRβ inhibition of stromal cells on tumor growth we investigated four tumor cell lines with no or low PDGFRβ expression, i.e. Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), EO771 breast carcinoma, B16 melanoma and a version of B16 that had been engineered to overexpress PDGF-BB (B16/PDGF-BB). Results: We found that specific impairment of PDGFRβ kinase activity by 1-NaPP1 treatment efficiently suppressed growth in tumors with high expression of PDGF-BB, i.e. LLC and B16/PDGF-BB, while the clinically used PDGFRβ kinase inhibitor imatinib did not suppress tumor growth. Notably, tumors with low levels of PDGF-BB, i.e. EO771 and B16, neither responded to 1-NaPP1 nor to imatinib treatment. Inhibition of PDGFRβ by either drug impaired tumor vascularization and also affected pericyte coverage; however, specific targeting of PDGFRβ by 1-NaPP1 resulted in a more pronounced decrease in vessel function with increased vessel apoptosis in high PDGF-BB expressing tumors, compared to treatment with imatinib. In vitro analysis of PDGFRβ ASKA mouse embryo fibroblasts and the mesenchymal progenitor cell line 10T1/2 revealed that PDGF-BB induced NG2 expression, consistent with the in vivo data. Conclusion: Specific targeting of PDGFRβ signaling significantly inhibits tumor progression and angiogenesis depending on PDGF-BB expression. Our data suggest that targeting PDGFRβ in the tumor stroma could have therapeutic value in patients with high tumor PDGF-BB expression.
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Olaratumab plus anthracyline in advanced/metastatic soft tissue sarcoma : Data of real-world utilization in Austria. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2019; 133:21-25. [PMID: 31620878 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-019-01556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olaratumab is a humanized monoclonal antiplatelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha antibody that has been approved in combination with doxorubicin for the treatment of patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS). The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the clinical efficacy in STS patients treated with olaratumab in a real-world setting in Austria. METHODS Retrospectively collected longitudinal data from patients treated between November 2016 and September 2018 at 9 Austrian centers were obtained from the respective medical charts. All patients who received at least one dose of olaratumab were eligible. Parameters of most interest were response rates, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Altogether 55 patients were included in the analysis. The median age was 58 years. In total, 65.5% (n = 36), 21.8% (n = 12) and 12.7% (n = 7) received olaratumab as first, second or ≥third line treatment, respectively. Olaratumab was administered either in combination with doxorubicin (81.8%, n = 45) or liposomal doxorubicin (16.4%, n = 9); one patient received olaratumab as upfront monotherapy. The median PFS and OS were 2.6 and 11.4 months, respectively. The objective response rate was 11.4% and the disease control rate was 40.9%. CONCLUSION In this real-world analysis the outcome was less pronounced compared to the results of both the phase Ib/II approval trial and the confirmatory phase III trial. The latter failed to show an improvement in OS and PFS for the doxorubicin/olaratumab combination. As such, olaratumab should not be used anymore in patients with STS.
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Kadel D, Zhang Y, Sun HR, Zhao Y, Dong QZ, Qin LX. Current perspectives of cancer-associated fibroblast in therapeutic resistance: potential mechanism and future strategy. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 35:407-421. [PMID: 30680600 PMCID: PMC6881418 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The goal of cancer eradication has been overshadowed despite the continuous improvement in research and generation of novel cancer therapeutic drugs. One of the undeniable existing problems is drug resistance due to which the paradigm of killing all cancer cells is ineffective. Tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in inducing drug resistance besides cancer development and progression. Recently, many efforts have been devoted to understand the role of tumor microenvironment in cancer drug resistance as it provides the shelter, nutrition, and paracrine niche for cancer cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), one major component of tumor microenvironment, reside in symbiotic relationship with cancer cells, supporting them to survive from cancer drugs. The present review summarizes the recent understandings in the role of CAFs in drug resistance in various tumors. Acknowledging the fact that drug resistance depends not only upon cancer cells but also upon the microenvironment niche could guide us to formulate novel cancer drugs and provide the optimal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruba Kadel
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
- Cancer Metastasis institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
- Cancer Metastasis institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hao-Ran Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
- Cancer Metastasis institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
- Cancer Metastasis institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qiong-Zhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Cancer Metastasis institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Lun-Xiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Cancer Metastasis institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Da Silva AC, Jammal MP, Crispim PCA, Murta EFC, Nomelini RS. The Role of Stroma in Ovarian Cancer. Immunol Invest 2019; 49:406-424. [PMID: 32264761 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1658770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer is one of the gynecological malignancies responsible for thousands of deaths in women worldwide. Malignant solid tumors are formed by malignant cells and stroma that influence each other, where different types of cells in the stromal environment can be recruited by malignant cells to promote tumor growth and facilitate metastasis. The chronic inflammatory response is increasingly accepted in its relation to the pathophysiology of the onset and development of tumors, sustained cell proliferation in an environment rich in inflammatory cells, growth factors, activated stroma and DNA damage agents may increase the risk to develop a neoplasm.Methods: A search for the following keywords was performed in the PubMed database; "Ovarian cancer", "stroma", "tumor-associated macrophages", "cancer-associated fibroblasts", "cytokines", "angiogenesis", "epithelial-mesenchymal transition", and "extracellular matrix".Results: The articles identified were published in English between 1971 and 2018. A total of 154 articles were selected for further analysis. Conclusion: We consider ovarian cancer as a heterogeneous disease, not only in the sense that different histological or molecular subtypes may be behind the same clinical result, but also that multiple cell types besides cancer cells, like other non-cellular components, need to be mobilized and coordinated to support tumor survival, growth, invasion and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolinne Da Silva
- Research Institute of Oncology (IPON)/Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Millena Prata Jammal
- Research Institute of Oncology (IPON)/Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula Carolina Arvelos Crispim
- Research Institute of Oncology (IPON)/Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eddie Fernando Candido Murta
- Research Institute of Oncology (IPON)/Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosekeila Simões Nomelini
- Research Institute of Oncology (IPON)/Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Primac I, Maquoi E, Blacher S, Heljasvaara R, Van Deun J, Smeland HY, Canale A, Louis T, Stuhr L, Sounni NE, Cataldo D, Pihlajaniemi T, Pequeux C, De Wever O, Gullberg D, Noel A. Stromal integrin α11 regulates PDGFR-β signaling and promotes breast cancer progression. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:4609-4628. [PMID: 31287804 DOI: 10.1172/jci125890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key actors in modulating the progression of many solid tumors such as breast cancer (BC). Herein, we identify an integrin α11/PDGFRβ+ CAF subset displaying tumor-promoting features in BC. In the preclinical MMTV-PyMT mouse model, integrin α11-deficiency led to a drastic reduction of tumor progression and metastasis. A clear association between integrin α11 and PDGFRβ was found at both transcriptional and histological levels in BC specimens. High stromal integrin α11/PDGFRβ expression was associated with high grades and poorer clinical outcome in human BC patients. Functional assays using five CAF subpopulations (one murine, four human) revealed that integrin α11 promotes CAF invasion and CAF-induced tumor cell invasion upon PDGF-BB stimulation. Mechanistically, integrin α11 pro-invasive activity relies on its ability to interact with PDGFRβ in a ligand-dependent manner and to promote its downstream JNK activation, leading to the production of tenascin C, a pro-invasive matricellular protein. Pharmacological inhibition of PDGFRβ and JNK impaired tumor cell invasion induced by integrin α11-positive CAFs. Collectively, our study uncovers an integrin α11-positive subset of pro-tumoral CAFs that exploits PDGFRβ/JNK signalling axis to promote tumor invasiveness in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Primac
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Erik Maquoi
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Silvia Blacher
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ritva Heljasvaara
- Oulu Centre for Cell-Extracellular Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Van Deun
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Yh Smeland
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Annalisa Canale
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas Louis
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Linda Stuhr
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nor Eddine Sounni
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Didier Cataldo
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- Oulu Centre for Cell-Extracellular Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Christel Pequeux
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Donald Gullberg
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Agnès Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Sözmen M, Devrim AK, Sudağıdan M, Kabak YB, Beytut E, Özba B. Significance of Angiogenic Growth Factors in Bovine Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Comp Pathol 2019; 170:60-69. [PMID: 31375160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (BOSCC) is the most common and economically significant neoplasm of the eye in cattle. This study investigated the role of angiogenic growth factors in the pathogenesis of BOSCC. Eighteen cases of BOSCC were classified histopathologically according to the degree of differentiation. Normal upper and lower eyelids and third eyelids collected from the right and left eyes of six healthy cattle aged 1-3 years, that had been presented for slaughter to abattoirs, served as controls. Transcription of genes encoding the angiogenic growth factors vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFR-α) was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in tissue obtained from paraffin wax blocks. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was utilized to detect intensity of expression and tissue distribution of these growth factors. IHC results revealed that bFGF and PDGF-C were elevated significantly (P >0.05) and VEGF-C expression was decreased in BOSCC compared with healthy control tissue. PDGR-α expression was elevated; however, the difference, compared with control tissues, was not significant. RT-PCR results showed an inverse relationship to the results of IHC; where protein levels were elevated their corresponding mRNA levels were decreased or vice-versa. Angiogenic regulators therefore appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of BOSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sözmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - A K Devrim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - M Sudağıdan
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, KIT-ARGEM R&D Center, Konya, Turkey
| | - Y B Kabak
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - B Özba
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
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Transition metal complexes based aptamers as optical diagnostic tools for disease proteins and biomolecules. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease driven not only by evolutionally diverse cancer cell themselves but also by highly dynamic microenvironment. At the center of the tumor microenvironment, tumor vasculature plays multiple roles from supporting tumor growth to providing a route for metastasis to the distant organ sites. Blood vessels in breast cancer present with perfusion defects associated with vessel dilation, tortuosity, and poor perivascular coverage (Li et al., Ultrasound Med 32:1145-1155, 2013; Eberhard et al., Cancer Res 60:1388-1393, 2000; Cooke et al., Cancer Cell 21:66-81, 2012). Such abnormal vascular system is partly due to the morphological and molecular alteration of pericytes that is accompanied by a significant heterogeneity within the populations (Kim et al., JCI Insight 1:e90733, 2016). While pericytes are implicated for their controversial roles in breast cancer metastasis (Cooke et al., Cancer Cell 21:66-81, 2012; Gerhardt and Semb, J Mol Med (Berl) 86:135-144, 2008; Keskin et al., Cell Rep 10:1066-1081, 2015; Meng et al., Future Oncol 11:169-179, 2015; Xian et al., J Clin Invest 116:642-651, 2006), the impact of their heterogeneity on breast cancer progression, metastasis, intratumoral immunity, and response to chemotherapy are largely unknown. Due to the complexity of angiogenic programs of breast cancer, the anti-angiogenic or anti-vascular treatment has been mostly unsuccessful (Tolaney et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:14325-14330, 2015; Mackey et al., Cancer Treat Rev 38:673-688, 2012; Sledge, J Clin Oncol 33:133-135, 2015) and requires much in-depth knowledge on different components of tumor microenvironment and how these stromal cells are interacting and communicating to each other. Therefore, understanding pericyte heterogeneity and their differential functional contribution will shed light on new potential approaches to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiha Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
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38
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Luffer-Atlas D, Reddy VR, Hilbish KG, Grace CE, Breslin WJ. PDGFRα monoclonal antibody: Assessment of embryo-fetal toxicity and time-dependent placental transfer of a murine surrogate antibody of olaratumab in mice. Birth Defects Res 2018; 110:1358-1371. [PMID: 30367709 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olaratumab (Lartruvo™) is a recombinant human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that specifically binds PDGFRα. The maternal and in utero embryo-fetal toxicity and toxicokinetics of a human anti-mouse PDGFRα antibody (LSN3338786) were investigated in pregnant mice. METHODS A pilot study was used to set doses for the definitive study. In the definitive study, mice were administered vehicle, 5, 50, or 150 mg/kg LSN3338786 by intravenous injection on gestation days (GD) 6, 9, 12, and 15. Fetal tissues and/or serum samples were collected on GD 10, 12, 15, and 18 to evaluate exposure of antibody. RESULTS There were no adverse maternal effects at 50 and 150 mg/kg although maternal deaths and adverse clinical signs were observed at 5 mg/kg. LSN3338786 crossed the placenta as early as GD 10 during organogenesis. Elimination half-life of LSN3338786 in dams decreased between GD 6 and 15. On GD 18, fetal serum concentrations of antibody were substantially higher than maternal serum concentrations at all doses. Increased incidences of malformations consisting of open and partially open eye and increased incidences of skeletal variation frontal/parietal additional ossification site occurred in fetuses from mid- and high-dose groups. CONCLUSIONS The majority of transplacental migration of antibody occurred in concert with rapid maternal serum clearance before parturition. The no-observed effect level for teratogenicity of 5 mg/kg was associated with GD 15 maternal serum concentrations 3-11 times lower than clinical exposure of olaratumab, suggesting that olaratumab may cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijayapal R Reddy
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kim G Hilbish
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - William J Breslin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Kim S, Kim H, Jo DH, Kim JH, Kim SR, Kang D, Hwang D, Chung J. Bispecific anti-mPDGFRβ x cotinine scFv-C κ-scFv fusion protein and cotinine-duocarmycin can form antibody-drug conjugate-like complexes that exert cytotoxicity against mPDGFRβ expressing cells. Methods 2018; 154:125-135. [PMID: 30292795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody selection for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) has traditionally depended on its internalization into the target cell, although ADC efficacy also relies on recycling of the receptor-ADC complex, endo-lysosomal trafficking, and subsequent linker/antibody proteolysis. In this study, we observed that a bispecific anti-murine platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (mPDGFRβ) x cotinine single-chain variable fragment (scFv)-kappa constant region (Cκ)-scFv fusion protein and cotinine-duocarmycin can form an ADC-like complex to induce cytotoxicity against mPDGFRβ expressing cells. Multiple anti-mPDGFRβ antibody candidates can be produced in this bispecific scFv-Cκ-scFv fusion protein format and tested for their ability to deliver cotinine-conjugated cytotoxic drugs, thus providing an improved approach for antibody selection in ADC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 00380, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 00380, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyori Kim
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Jo
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 00380, Republic of Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ree Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Kang
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dobeen Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 00380, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 00380, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 00380, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 00380, Republic of Korea.
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Role of KCa3.1 Channels in Modulating Ca 2+ Oscillations during Glioblastoma Cell Migration and Invasion. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102970. [PMID: 30274242 PMCID: PMC6213908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration and invasion in glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal form of primary brain tumors, are critically dependent on Ca2+ signaling. Increases of [Ca2+]i in GBM cells often result from Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), promoted by a variety of agents present in the tumor microenvironment and able to activate the phospholipase C/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate PLC/IP3 pathway. The Ca2+ signaling is further strengthened by the Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) currents sustained by Orai/STIM channels, meant to replenish the partially depleted ER. Notably, the elevated cytosolic [Ca2+]i activates the intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K (KCa3.1) channels highly expressed in the plasma membrane of GBM cells, and the resulting K+ efflux hyperpolarizes the cell membrane. This translates to an enhancement of Ca2+ entry through Orai/STIM channels as a result of the increased electromotive (driving) force on Ca2+ influx, ending with the establishment of a recurrent cycle reinforcing the Ca2+ signal. Ca2+ signaling in migrating GBM cells often emerges in the form of intracellular Ca2+ oscillations, instrumental to promote key processes in the migratory cycle. This has suggested that KCa3.1 channels may promote GBM cell migration by inducing or modulating the shape of Ca2+ oscillations. In accordance, we recently built a theoretical model of Ca2+ oscillations incorporating the KCa3.1 channel-dependent dynamics of the membrane potential, and found that the KCa3.1 channel activity could significantly affect the IP3 driven Ca2+ oscillations. Here we review our new theoretical model of Ca2+ oscillations in GBM, upgraded in the light of better knowledge of the KCa3.1 channel kinetics and Ca2+ sensitivity, the dynamics of the Orai/STIM channel modulation, the migration and invasion mechanisms of GBM cells, and their regulation by Ca2+ signals.
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Aoto K, Ito K, Aoki S. Complex formation between platelet-derived growth factor receptor β and transforming growth factor β receptor regulates the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into cancer-associated fibroblasts. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34090-34102. [PMID: 30344924 PMCID: PMC6183337 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have recently gained attention as potent targets in cancer therapy because they are a crucial component of the tumor microenvironment and promote the growth and invasion of cancer cells. CAFs differentiate from fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), epithelial cells, and other cell types in response to transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) stimulation. The drugs tranilast, imatinib, and pirfenidone reportedly inhibit the differentiation of such cells into CAFs; however, it is unclear how they regulate TGFβ signaling. Here, we differentiated MSCs into CAFs in vitro and investigated which drugs suppressed this differentiation. Based on these results, we focused on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor β (PDGFRβ) as a key molecule in the initiation of TGFβ signaling. PDGFRβ transmitted TGFβ signaling in MSCs by forming a complex with TGFβ receptor (TGFβR) independently of stimulation with its well-known ligand PDGF. Inhibitors of the differentiation of MSCs into CAFs attenuated complex formation between PDGFRβ and TGFβR. Moreover, PDGF stimulated PDGFRβ to a lesser extent in CAFs than in MSCs. This study indicates that PDGFRβ and TGFβ-TGFβR signaling cooperatively promote the differentiation of MSCs into CAFs in tumor microenvironments independently of canonical PDGF-PDGFR signaling. We propose that blockade of the interaction between PDGFRβ and TGFβR is a potential strategy to prevent TGFβ-mediated differentiation of MSCs into CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Aoto
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kousei Ito
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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Zaky W, Finlay JL. Pediatric choroid plexus carcinoma: Biologically and clinically in need of new perspectives. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018. [PMID: 29528196 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Choroid plexus (CP) carcinoma is a rare pediatric brain neoplasm. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of genome-wide methylation and gene expression profiling to provide additional layers of information to improve tumor risk-stratification. There is a lack of data regarding the best therapy, and approaches have been heterogeneous. Despite multidisciplinary treatment approaches, the outcome remains guarded and treatments have been based on case series and expert opinions. In this study, we discuss the recent wealth of data regarding CP carcinoma molecular biology and current management. We also briefly highlight the remaining barriers to formulate the best treatment strategies, and future therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafik Zaky
- The Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jonathan L Finlay
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Chang KK, Yoon C, Yi BC, Tap WD, Simon MC, Yoon SS. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α and -β promote cancer stem cell phenotypes in sarcomas. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:47. [PMID: 29915281 PMCID: PMC6006341 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are malignant tumors derived from mesenchymal tissues and may harbor a subset of cells with cancer stem-like cell (CSC) properties. Platelet-derived growth factor receptors α and β (PDGFR-α/β) play an important role in the maintenance of mesenchymal stem cells. Here we examine the role of PDGFR-α/β in sarcoma CSCs. PDGFR-α/β activity and the effects of PDGFR-α/β inhibition were examined in 3 human sarcoma cell lines using in vitro assays and mouse xenograft models. In all three cell lines, PDGFR-α/β activity was significantly higher in cells grown as spheroids (to enrich for CSCs) and in cells sorted for CD133 expression (a marker of sarcoma CSCs). Self-renewal transcription factors Nanog, Oct4, and Slug and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) proteins Snail, Slug, and Zeb1 were also significantly higher in spheroids cells and CD133(+) cells. Spheroid cells and CD133(+) cells demonstrated 2.9- to 4.2-fold greater migration and invasion and resistance to doxorubicin chemotherapy. Inhibition of PDGFR-α/β in CSCs using shRNA or pharmacologic inhibitors reduced expression of certain self-renewal and EMT proteins, reduced spheroid formation by 74-82%, reduced migration and invasion by 73-80%, and reversed chemotherapy resistance. In mouse xenograft models, combining PDGFR-α/β inhibition (using shRNA or imatinib) with doxorubicin had a more-than-additive effect in blocking tumor growth, with enhanced apoptosis, especially in CD133(+) cells. These results indicate that PDGFR-α/β activity is upregulated in sarcoma CSCs and promote CSC phenotypes including migration, invasion, and chemotherapy resistance. Thus, the PDGFR-α/β pathway represents a new potential therapeutic target to reduce metastatic potential and increase chemosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K Chang
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changhwan Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brendan C Yi
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - William D Tap
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sam S Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Antoniou G, Lee ATJ, Huang PH, Jones RL. Olaratumab in soft tissue sarcoma - Current status and future perspectives. Eur J Cancer 2018; 92:33-39. [PMID: 29413687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent randomised phase II trial data have indicated that the addition of olaratumab, a novel monoclonal antibody against platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα), to doxorubicin confers an unprecedented improvement in overall survival to patients with anthracycline-naïve advanced soft tissue sarcoma. However, this result was disproportionate with progression-free survival and response rate, and consequently there are unanswered questions regarding the precise mechanism of action of olaratumab. While preclinical data show that olaratumab specifically inhibits PDGFRα-mediated oncogenic signalling with attendant anti-tumour effects, a lack of correlation between pharmacodynamics markers of PDGFRα inhibition and clinical benefit from olaratumab suggest other mechanisms beyond modulation of downstream PDGFRα molecular pathways. Proposed mechanisms of olaratumab activity include engagement of anti-tumour immune responses and alterations of the tumour stroma, but these require further evaluation. Meanwhile, the drug-specific contribution of cytotoxic agents to olaratumab-containing combinations has yet to be characterised. Ongoing and future preclinical and translational studies, coupled with the anticipated results of a phase III trial that has completed enrolment, should provide greater insight into the efficacy and mode of action of olaratumab in soft tissue sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander T J Lee
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK; Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Paul H Huang
- Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Robin L Jones
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK; Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
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Onel B, Carver M, Agrawal P, Hurley LH, Yang D. The 3'-end region of the human PDGFR-β core promoter nuclease hypersensitive element forms a mixture of two unique end-insertion G-quadruplexes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1862:846-854. [PMID: 29288770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the most stable G-quadruplex formed in the human PDGFR-β promoter nuclease hypersensitive element (NHE) is the 5'-mid G-quadruplex, the 3'-end sequence that contains a 3'-GGA run forms a less stable G-quadruplex. Recently, the 3'-end G-quadruplex was found to be a transcriptional repressor and can be selectively targeted by a small molecule for PDGFR-β downregulation. METHOD We use 1D and 2D high-field NMR, in combination with Dimethylsulfate Footprinting, Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy, and Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay. RESULTS We determine that the PDGFR-β extended 3'-end NHE sequence forms two novel end-insertion intramolecular G-quadruplexes that co-exist in equilibrium under physiological salt conditions. One G-quadruplex has a 3'-non-adjacent flanking guanine inserted into the 3'-external tetrad (3'-insertion-G4), and another has a 5'-non-adjacent flanking guanine inserted into the 5'-external tetrad (5'-insertion-G4). The two guanines in the GGA-run move up or down within the G-quadruplex to accommodate the inserted guanine. Each end-insertion G-quadruplex has a low thermal stability as compared to the 5'-mid G-quadruplex, but the selective stabilization of GSA1129 shifts the equilibrium toward the 3'-end G-quadruplex in the PDGFR-β NHE. CONCLUSION An equilibrium mixture of two unique end-insertion intramolecular G-quadruplexes forms in the PDGFR-β NHE 3'-end sequence that contains a GGA-run and non-adjacent guanines in both the 3'- and 5'- flanking segments; the novel end-insertion structures of the 3'-end G-quadruplex are selectively stabilized by GSA1129. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE We show for the first time that an equilibrium mixture of two unusual end-insertion G-quadruplexes forms in a native promoter sequence and appears to be the molecular recognition for PDGFR-β downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buket Onel
- Purdue University, College of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, 575 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Megan Carver
- University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, 1703 East Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Prashansa Agrawal
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Chemistry, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Laurence H Hurley
- University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, 1703 East Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; BIO5 Institute, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Danzhou Yang
- Purdue University, College of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, 575 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University, Center for Cancer Research, 201 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, 720 Clinic Dr, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Fluorescence Sensing Using DNA Aptamers in Cancer Research and Clinical Diagnostics. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9120174. [PMID: 29261171 PMCID: PMC5742822 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9120174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the various advantages of aptamers over antibodies, remarkable is their ability to tolerate a large number of chemical modifications within their backbone or at the termini without losing significant activity. Indeed, aptamers can be easily equipped with a wide variety of reporter groups or coupled to different carriers, nanoparticles, or other biomolecules, thus producing valuable molecular recognition tools effective for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This review reports an updated overview on fluorescent DNA aptamers, designed to recognize significant cancer biomarkers both in soluble or membrane-bound form. In many examples, the aptamer secondary structure switches induced by target recognition are suitably translated in a detectable fluorescent signal using either fluorescently-labelled or label-free aptamers. The fluorescence emission changes, producing an enhancement (“signal-on”) or a quenching (“signal-off”) effect, directly reflect the extent of the binding, thereby allowing for quantitative determination of the target in bioanalytical assays. Furthermore, several aptamers conjugated to fluorescent probes proved to be effective for applications in tumour diagnosis and intraoperative surgery, producing tumour-type specific, non-invasive in vivo imaging tools for cancer pre- and post-treatment assessment.
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Effendi N, Ogawa K, Mishiro K, Takarada T, Yamada D, Kitamura Y, Shiba K, Maeda T, Odani A. Synthesis and evaluation of radioiodinated 1-{2-[5-(2-methoxyethoxy)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl]quinolin-8-yl}piperidin-4-amine derivatives for platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5576-5585. [PMID: 28838832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor and it is upregulated in various malignant tumors. Radiolabeled PDGFRβ inhibitors can be a convenient tool for the imaging of tumors overexpressing PDGFRβ. In this study, [125I]-1-{5-iodo-2-[5-(2-methoxyethoxy)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl]quinoline-8-yl}piperidin-4-amine ([125I]IIQP) and [125I]-N-3-iodobenzoyl-1-{2-[5-(2-methoxyethoxy)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl]quinolin-8-yl}-piperidin-4-amine ([125I]IB-IQP) were designed and synthesized, and their potential as PDGFRβ imaging agents was evaluated. In cellular uptake experiments, [125I]IIQP and [125I]IB-IQP showed higher uptake by PDGFRβ-positive cells than by PDGFRβ-negative cells, and the uptake in PDGFRβ-positive cells was inhibited by co-culture with PDGFRβ ligands. The biodistribution of both radiotracers in normal mice exhibited hepatobiliary excretion as the main route. In mice inoculated with BxPC3-luc (PDGFRβ-positive), the tumor uptake of radioactivity at 1h after the injection of [125I]IIQP was significantly higher than that after the injection of [125I]IB-IQP. These results indicated that [125I]IIQP can be a suitable PDGFRβ imaging agent. However, further modification of its structure will be required to obtain a more appropriate PDGFRβ-targeted imaging agent with a higher signal/noise ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurmaya Effendi
- Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urip Sumiharjo KM. 10, Makassar 90-231, Indonesia
| | - Kazuma Ogawa
- Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; Kanazawa University, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Kenji Mishiro
- Kanazawa University, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takarada
- Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Regenerative Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Regenerative Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata-ken, 956-8603, Japan
| | - Yoji Kitamura
- Kanazawa University, Advanced Science Research Centre, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiba
- Kanazawa University, Advanced Science Research Centre, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takehiko Maeda
- Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata-ken, 956-8603, Japan
| | - Akira Odani
- Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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Yang TH, Lee CI, Huang WH, Lee AR. Structural optimization and evaluation of novel 2-pyrrolidone-fused (2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)methylpyrrole derivatives as potential VEGFR-2/PDGFRβ inhibitors. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:72. [PMID: 29086859 PMCID: PMC5539068 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor angiogenesis, essential for tumor growth and metastasis, is tightly regulated by VEGF/VEGFR and PDGF/PDGFR pathways, and therefore blocking those pathways is a promising therapeutic target. Compared to sunitinib, the C(5)-Br derivative of 2-pyrrolidone-fused (2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)methylpyrrole has significantly greater in vitro activities against VEGFR-2, PDGFRβ, and tube formation. Results and discussion The objective of this study was to perform further structural optimization, which revealed certain new products with even more potent anti-tumor activities, both cellularly and enzymatically. Of these, 15 revealed ten- and eightfold stronger potencies against VEGFR-2 and PDGFRβ than sunitinib, respectively, and showed selectivity against HCT116 with a favorable selective index (SI > 4.27). The molecular docking results displayed that the ligand–protein binding affinity to VEGFR-2 could be enhanced by introducing a hydrogen-bond-donating (HBD) substituent at C(5) of (2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)methylpyrrole such as 14 (C(5)-OH) and 15 (C(5)-SH). Conclusions Among newly synthetic compounds, 7 and 13–15 exhibited significant inhibitory activities against VEGFR-2 and PDGFRβ. Of these, the experimental results suggest that 15 might be a promising anti-proliferative agent. IC50 comparison of sunitinib, 14, and 15 against VEGFR-2 and PDGFRβ. ![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13065-017-0301-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsuan Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Mingchuan East Road, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chun-I Lee
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Mingchuan East Road, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Mingchuan East Road, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - An-Rong Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Mingchuan East Road, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan. .,School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Mingchuan East Road, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Teyssonneau
- Early Phase Trials and Sarcoma Units, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Antoine Italiano
- Early Phase Trials and Sarcoma Units, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
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