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Kashiwagi GA, Petrosilli L, Escopy S, Lay L, Stine KJ, De Meo C, Demchenko AV. HPLC-Based Automated Synthesis and Purification of Carbohydrates. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401214. [PMID: 38684455 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Reported herein is a new HPLC-based automated synthesizer (HPLC-A) capable of a temperature-controlled synthesis and purification of carbohydrates. The developed platform allows to perform various protecting group manipulations as well as the synthesis of O- and N-glycosides. A fully automated synthesis and purification was showcased in application to different carbohydrate derivatives including glycosides, oligosaccharides, glycopeptides, glycolipids, and nucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Kashiwagi
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501Laclede Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103, USA
| | - Laura Petrosilli
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501Laclede Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Samira Escopy
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501Laclede Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, USA
| | - Luigi Lay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Keith J Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, USA
| | - Cristina De Meo
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, 1 Hairpin Dr., Edwardsville, Illinois, 62025, USA
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501Laclede Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103, USA
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2
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Liu G, Feng Y, Zhang Q, Chai Y. Orthogonal Deprotection of Photolabile Protecting Groups and Its Application in Oligosaccharide Synthesis. Org Lett 2024; 26:5746-5751. [PMID: 38953872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
We herein report for the first time the inter- and intramolecular orthogonal cleavage of two ortho-nitrobenzyl (NB) analogues. It is shown that the nitroveratryl (NV) group can be photolyzed with high priority when NV and ortho-nitrobenzyl carbonate (oNBC) are used together as the protecting groups of glycans. Notably, the photolytic products could be used directly in the subsequent glycosylation without further purification. With the above-mentioned orthogonal photolabile protecting group strategy in hand, a Mycobacterium tuberculosis tetrasaccharide and a derivative of glucosyl glycerol were rapidly prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yingle Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yonghai Chai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
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3
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Forsythe N, Liu L, Kashiwagi GA, Demchenko AV. Activation of thioglycosides under mild alkylation conditions. Carbohydr Res 2023; 531:108872. [PMID: 37348387 PMCID: PMC10528260 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Reported herein is the development of a novel method for the activation of thioglycosides and thioimidates using benzyl trichloroacetimidate in the presence of catalytic triflic acid. Excellent yields have been achieved with reactive substrates, whereas efficiency of reactions with unreactive glycosyl donors and/or acceptors was modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Forsythe
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103, USA
| | - Leah Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103, USA
| | - Gustavo A Kashiwagi
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103, USA
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103, USA.
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4
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Preparation methods, biological activities, and potential applications of marine algae oligosaccharides: a review. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Liu H, Liang ZF, Liu HJ, Liao JX, Zhong LJ, Tu YH, Zhang QJ, Xiong B, Sun JS. ortho-Methoxycarbonylethynylphenyl Thioglycosides (MCEPTs): Versatile Glycosyl Donors Enabled by Electron-Withdrawing Substituents and Catalyzed by Gold(I) or Cu(II) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3682-3695. [PMID: 36727591 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
With easily accessible and operator-friendly reagents, shelf-stable ortho-methoxycarbonylethynylphenyl thioglycosides were efficiently prepared. Based on these MCEPT glycoside donors, a novel glycosylation protocol featuring mild and catalytic promotion conditions with Au(I) or Cu(II) complexes, expanded substrate scope encompassing challenging donors and acceptors and clinically used pharmaceuticals, and versatility in various strategies for highly efficient synthesis of glycosides has been established. The practicality of the MCEPT glycosylation protocol was fully exhibited by highly efficient and scalable synthesis of surface polysaccharide subunits of Acinetobacter baumannii via latent-active, reagent-controlled divergent orthogonal one-pot and orthogonal one-pot strategies. The underlying reaction mechanism was investigated systematically through control reactions, leading to the isolation and characterization of the vital catalyst species in MCEPT glycosylation, the benzothiophen-3-yl-gold(I) complex. Based on the results obtained both from control reactions and from studies leading to the glycosylation protocol establishment, an operative mechanism was proposed and the effect of the vital catalyst species reactivity on the results of metal-catalyzed alkyne-containing donor-involved glycosylation was disclosed. Moreover, the mechanism for C-glycosylation side product formation from ortho-(substituted)ethynylphenyl thioglycoside donors with electron-donating substituents was also illuminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Zhi-Fen Liang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Han-Jian Liu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jin-Xi Liao
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhong
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yuan-Hong Tu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Qing-Ju Zhang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jian-Song Sun
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China.,School of Life Science and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
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6
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Broadening the Scope of the Reverse Orthogonal Strategy for Oligosaccharide Synthesis. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9887-9895. [PMID: 35862424 PMCID: PMC9402073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reverse orthogonal strategy was invented in 2011 in an attempt to address drawbacks of other strategies for glycan assembly. Different from the classical orthogonal approach that relies on the orthogonality of leaving groups, the reverse strategy is based on orthogonal protecting groups that could be removed during the glycosylation step. This strategy remained largely unexplored due to only one combination of orthogonal protecting groups that would fit into this concept. Reported herein are new orthogonal combinations of leaving and protecting groups that help to streamline the glycan assembly. Also reported is further refinement of the previously reported reaction conditions.
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7
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Small tools for sweet challenges: advances in microfluidic technologies for glycan synthesis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5139-5163. [PMID: 35199190 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Glycans, including oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, play an integral role in modulating the biological functions of macromolecules. Many physiological and pathological processes are mediated by interactions between glycans, which has led to the use of glycans as biosensors for pathogen and biomarker detection. Elucidating the relationship between glycan structure and biological function is critical for advancing our understanding of the impact glycans have on human health and disease and for expanding the repertoire of glycans available for bioanalysis, especially for diagnostics. Such efforts have been limited by the difficulty in obtaining sufficient quantities of homogenous glycan samples needed to resolve the exact relationships between glycan structure and their structural or modulatory functions on a given glycoconjugate. Synthetic strategies offer a viable route for overcoming these technical hurdles. In recent years, microfluidics have emerged as powerful tools for realizing high-throughput and reproducible syntheses of homogenous glycans for the potential use in functional studies. This critical review provides readers with an overview of the microfluidic technologies that have been developed for chemical and enzymatic glycan synthesis. The advantages and limitations associated with using microreactor platforms to improve the scalability, productivity, and selectivity of glycosylation reactions will be discussed, as well as suggested future work that can address certain pitfalls.
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8
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Escopy S, Demchenko AV. Transition-Metal-Mediated Glycosylation with Thioglycosides. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103747. [PMID: 34935219 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Thioglycosides are among the most common glycosyl donors that find broad application in the synthesis of glycans and glycoconjugates. However, the requirement for toxic and/or large access of activators needed for common glycosylations with thioglycosides remains a notable drawback. Due to the increased awareness of the chemical waste impact on the environment, synthetic studies have been driven by the goal of finding non-toxic reagents. The main focus of this review is to highlight recent methods for thioglycoside activation that rely on transition metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Escopy
- University of Missouri - St. Louis, Chemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Saint Louis University, Chemistry, 3501 Laclede Ave, 63103, St. Louis, UNITED STATES
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9
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Wang S, Zhelavskyi O, Lee J, Argüelles AJ, Khomutnyk YY, Mensah E, Guo H, Hourani R, Zimmerman PM, Nagorny P. Studies of Catalyst-Controlled Regioselective Acetalization and Its Application to Single-Pot Synthesis of Differentially Protected Saccharides. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18592-18604. [PMID: 34705439 PMCID: PMC8585716 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This article describes studies on the regioselective acetal protection of monosaccharide-based diols using chiral phosphoric acids (CPAs) and their immobilized polymeric variants, (R)-Ad-TRIP-PS and (S)-SPINOL-PS, as the catalysts. These catalyst-controlled regioselective acetalizations were found to proceed with high regioselectivities (up to >25:1 rr) on various d-glucose-, d-galactose-, d-mannose-, and l-fucose-derived 1,2-diols and could be carried out in a regiodivergent fashion depending on the choice of chiral catalyst. The polymeric catalysts were conveniently recycled and reused multiple times for gram-scale functionalizations with catalytic loadings as low as 0.1 mol %, and their performance was often found to be superior to the performance of their monomeric variants. These regioselective CPA-catalyzed acetalizations were successfully combined with common hydroxyl group functionalizations as single-pot telescoped procedures to produce 32 regioisomerically pure differentially protected mono- and disaccharide derivatives. To further demonstrate the utility of the polymeric catalysts, the same batch of (R)-Ad-TRIP-PS catalyst was recycled and reused to accomplish single-pot gram-scale syntheses of 6 differentially protected d-glucose derivatives. The subsequent exploration of the reaction mechanism using NMR studies of deuterated and nondeuterated substrates revealed that low-temperature acetalizations happen via a syn-addition mechanism and that the reaction regioselectivity exhibits strong dependence on the temperature. The computational studies indicate a complex temperature-dependent interplay of two reaction mechanisms, one involving an anomeric phosphate intermediate and another via concerted asynchronous formation of an acetal, that results in syn-addition products. The computational models also explain the steric factors responsible for the observed C2 selectivities and are consistent with experimentally observed selectivity trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibin Wang
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Oleksii Zhelavskyi
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jeonghyo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Alonso J. Argüelles
- Synthetic Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, 307 E. Merrill St. Indianapolis, IN 46225
| | | | - Enoch Mensah
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University Southeast, 4201 Grant Line Rd. New Albany, IN 47150
| | - Hao Guo
- Deparment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - Rami Hourani
- Chemistry Department, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5080
| | - Paul M. Zimmerman
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Pavel Nagorny
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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10
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Abstract
Described herein is the first example of glycosidation of thioglycosides in the presence of palladium(ii) bromide. While the activation with PdBr2 alone was proven feasible, higher yields and cleaner reactions were achieved when these glycosylations were performed in the presence of propargyl bromide as an additive. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that propargyl bromide assists the reaction by creating an ionizing complex, which accelerates the leaving group departure. A variety of thioglycoside donors in reactions with different glycosyl acceptors were investigated to determine the initial scope of this new reaction. Selective and chemoselective activation of thioglycosides over other leaving groups has also been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Escopy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.
| | - Yashapal Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.
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11
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Talasila DS, Bauer EB. Ferrocenium complex aided O-glycosylation of glycosyl halides. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36814-36820. [PMID: 35494397 PMCID: PMC9043573 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05788j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new strategy for the activation of glycosyl halide donors to be utilized in glycosylation reactions is presented, utilizing the ferrocenium (Fc) complexes [FcB(OH)2]SbF6 and FcBF4 as promoters. The scope of the new system has been investigated using glycosyl chloride and glycosyl fluoride donors in combination with common glycosyl acceptors, such as protected glucose. The corresponding glycosylation products were formed in 95 to 10% isolated yields with α/β ratios ranging from 1/1 to β only (2 to 14 h reaction time at room temperature, 40 to 100% ferrocenium promoter load). Ferrocenium complexes as a new, tunable platform for O-glycosylation reactions are introduced.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Deva Saroja Talasila
- University of Missouri – St. Louis, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Eike B. Bauer
- University of Missouri – St. Louis, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
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12
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Pertel SS, Zinin AI, Seryi SA, Kakayan ES. The study of the acid-catalyzed reaction between 2-methyl and 2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxy) gluco-[2,1-d]-2-oxazolines. Synthesis of macrocyclic pseudo-tetrasaccharide derivative of d-glucosamine. Carbohydr Res 2020; 499:108230. [PMID: 33429169 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The formation of macrocyclic pseudo-tetrasaccharide derivative of d-glucosamine as a result of the acid-catalyzed reaction between 2-methyl- and 2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxy)-substituted oxazoline derivatives of sugars was discovered. The structure of the obtained product was determined using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. An explanation of the obtained results based on the mechanism of the reaction of electrophilic polymerization of 2-substituted glyco-[2,1-d]-2-oxazolines and the principle of hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey S Pertel
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Ave., 4, 295007, Simferopol, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander I Zinin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey A Seryi
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Ave., 4, 295007, Simferopol, Russian Federation
| | - Elena S Kakayan
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Ave., 4, 295007, Simferopol, Russian Federation
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Abstract
The importance of post-translational glycosylation in protein structure and function has gained significant clinical relevance recently. The latest developments in glycobiology, glycochemistry, and glycoproteomics have made the field more manageable and relevant to disease progression and immune-response signaling. Here, we summarize the current progress in glycoscience, including the new methodologies that have led to the introduction of programmable and automatic as well as large-scale enzymatic synthesis, and the development of glycan array, glycosylation probes, and inhibitors of carbohydrate-associated enzymes or receptors. These novel methodologies and tools have facilitated our understanding of the significance of glycosylation and development of carbohydrate-derived medicines that bring the field to the next level of scientific and medical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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14
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Vieira TF, Corrêa RCG, Peralta RA, Peralta-Muniz-Moreira RF, Bracht A, Peralta RM. An Overview of Structural Aspects and Health Beneficial Effects of Antioxidant Oligosaccharides. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1759-1777. [PMID: 32039673 DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666180517120642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-digestible oligosaccharides are versatile sources of chemical diversity, well known for their prebiotic actions, found naturally in plants or produced by chemical or enzymatic synthesis or by hydrolysis of polysaccharides. Compared to polyphenols or even polysaccharides, the antioxidant potential of oligosaccharides is still unexplored. The aim of the present work was to provide an up-to-date, broad and critical contribution on the topic of antioxidant oligosaccharides. METHODS The search was performed by crossing the words oligosaccharides and antioxidant. Whenever possible, attempts at establishing correlations between chemical structure and antioxidant activity were undertaken. RESULTS The most representative in vitro and in vivo studies were compiled in two tables. Chitooligosaccharides and xylooligosaccharides and their derivatives were the most studied up to now. The antioxidant activities of oligosaccharides depend on the degree of polymerization and the method used for depolymerization. Other factors influencing the antioxidant strength are solubility, monosaccharide composition, the type of glycosidic linkages of the side chains, molecular weight, reducing sugar content, the presence of phenolic groups such as ferulic acid, and the presence of uronic acid, among others. Modification of the antioxidant capacity of oligosaccharides has been achieved by adding diverse organic groups to their structures, thus increasing also the spectrum of potentially useful molecules. CONCLUSION A great amount of high-quality evidence has been accumulating during the last decade in support of a meaningful antioxidant activity of oligosaccharides and derivatives. Ingestion of antioxidant oligosaccharides can be visualized as beneficial to human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane F Vieira
- Program Post-graduated of Food Science, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | - Rúbia C G Corrêa
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.,Program of Master in Science, Technology and Food Safety, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation (ICETI), Centro Universitário de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rosely A Peralta
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Adelar Bracht
- Program Post-graduated of Food Science, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosane M Peralta
- Program Post-graduated of Food Science, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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15
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Panza M, Neupane D, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. The development of a dedicated polymer support for the solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10568-10571. [PMID: 32785304 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03885g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Reported herein is the development of a novel polystyrene-based resin that we named PanzaGel. The resin was equipped with diethylene glycol-derived cross-linker with the dedicated application to polymer supported glycan synthesis in mind. After investigating its swelling properties and obtaining encouraging data for its chemical and thermal stability we accessed the amenability of PanzaGel to the HPLC-based platform for the automated synthesis. Comparable glycosylation results to those with traditional supports have been obtained in the synthesis of glycans up to pentasaccharide that was obtained in 30% overall yield. The automated synthesis set-up implemented a common analytical autosampler for delivering all reagents for all steps of the glycan synthesis and cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Panza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
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16
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Geringer SA, Singh Y, Hoard DJ, Demchenko AV. A Highly Efficient Glycosidation of Glycosyl Chlorides by Using Cooperative Silver(I) Oxide-Triflic Acid Catalysis. Chemistry 2020; 26:8053-8063. [PMID: 32145116 PMCID: PMC7695998 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Following our discovery that silver(I) oxide-promoted glycosylation with glycosyl bromides can be greatly accelerated in the presence of catalytic TMSOTf or TfOH, we report herein a new discovery that glycosyl chlorides are even more effective glycosyl donors under these reaction conditions. The developed reaction conditions work well with a variety of glycosyl chlorides. Both benzoylated and benzylated chlorides have been successfully glycosidated, and these reaction conditions proved to be effective in coupling substrates containing nitrogen and sulfur atoms. Another convenient feature of this glycosylation is that the progress of the reaction can be monitored visually; its completion can be judged by the disappearance of the characteristic dark color of Ag2 O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Geringer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri – St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA
| | - Yashapal Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri – St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA
| | - Daniel J. Hoard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri – St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri – St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A. Kashiwagi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR)CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II 3°Piso, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EHA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional del Oeste Belgrano 369 San Antonio de Padua Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina
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18
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Orlova AV, Laptinskaya TV, Malysheva NN, Kononov LO. Light Scattering in Non-aqueous Solutions of Low-Molecular-Mass Compounds: Application for Supramer Analysis of Reaction Solutions. J SOLUTION CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-020-00977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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19
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Xiao X, Zeng J, Fang J, Sun J, Li T, Song Z, Cai L, Wan Q. One-Pot Relay Glycosylation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5498-5503. [PMID: 32150398 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel one-pot relay glycosylation has been established. The protocol is characterized by the construction of two glycosidic bonds with only one equivalent of triflic anhydride. This method capitalizes on the in situ generated cyclic-thiosulfonium ion as the relay activator, which directly activates the newly formed thioglycoside in one pot. A wide range of substrates are well-accommodated to furnish both linear and branched oligosaccharides. The synthetic utility and advantage of this method have been demonstrated by rapid access to naturally occurring phenylethanoid glycoside kankanoside F and resin glycoside merremoside D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuchang Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zejin Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Cai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
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20
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Panza M, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. HPLC-assisted automated oligosaccharide synthesis: the implementation of the two-way split valve as a mode of complete automation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1333-1336. [PMID: 31930269 PMCID: PMC7656230 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08876h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is the development of a user-friendly platform for simple and transformative automation based on standard HPLC equipment. We showcase how the improved platform works in application to the completely automated, a "press of the button," synthesis of various glycan sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Panza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
| | - Keith J Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
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21
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Son SH, Byun Y, Sakairi N. Selection of Neighboring Group Participation Intermediates of Fully Acylated Donors around the Glycosylation Sites in Oligosaccharide Acceptors. Org Lett 2019; 21:9368-9371. [PMID: 31710504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stereo- and regioselective formation of glycosidic linkages is a challenging topic in oligosaccharide syntheses. The stereoselective construction of 1,2-trans-glycosides generally involves neighboring group participation, which is less successful when synthesizing β-1,3-linked oligosaccharides. The combined steric effect of a 2-O-substituent and an aglycon moiety in acceptors increases the efficiency of glycosylation via neighboring group participation. This steric effect was reduced by using vicinal polyol acceptors and was demonstrated in the synthesis of 1,3-linked branched oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Son
- Division of Environment Materials Science , Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University , Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan.,College of Pharmacy , Korea University , 2511 Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup , Sejong 30019 , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- College of Pharmacy , Korea University , 2511 Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup , Sejong 30019 , Republic of Korea
| | - Nobuo Sakairi
- Division of Environment Materials Science , Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University , Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
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22
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Chen JS, Sankar A, Lin YJ, Huang PH, Liao CH, Wu SS, Wu HR, Luo SY. Phosphotungstic acid as a novel acidic catalyst for carbohydrate protection and glycosylation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:33853-33862. [PMID: 35528919 PMCID: PMC9073715 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06170c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This work demonstrates the utilization of phosphotungstic acid (PTA) as a novel acidic catalyst for carbohydrate reactions, such as per-O-acetylation, regioselective O-4,6 benzylidene acetal formation, regioselective O-4 ring-opening, and glycosylation. These reactions are basic and salient during the synthesis of carbohydrate-based bioactive oligomers. Phosphotungstic acid's high acidity and eco-friendly character make it a tempting alternative to corrosive homogeneous acids. The various homogenous acid catalysts were replaced by the phosphotungstic acid solely for different carbohydrate reactions. It can be widely used as a catalyst for organic reactions as it is thermally stable and easy to handle. In our work, the reactions are operated smoothly under ambient conditions; the temperature varies from 0 °C to room temperature. Good to excellent yields were obtained in all four kinds of reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyun-Siao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Arumugam Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jyun Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Liao
- Taichung Municipal Feng Yuan Senior High School Taichung 420 Taiwan
| | - Shen-Shen Wu
- National Hsinchu Girls' Senior High School Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ru Wu
- Instrumentation Center, National Tsing Hua University, MOST Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Shun-Yuan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan
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23
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Synthesis of Fucosyl-Oligosaccharides Using α-l-Fucosidase from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132402. [PMID: 31261855 PMCID: PMC6651446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosyl-oligosaccharides are natural prebiotics that promote the growth of probiotics in human gut and stimulate the innate immune system. In this work, the release of α-lfucosidase by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and the use of this enzyme for the synthesis of fucosyl-oligosaccharides were investigated. Since α-lfucosidase is a membrane-bound enzyme, its release from the cells was induced by addition of 4-nitrophenyl-α-l-fucopyranoside (pNP-Fuc). Enzyme activity associated with the cell was recovered at 78% of its total activity. Fucosyl-oligosaccharides where synthesized using α-l-fucosidase extract and pNP-Fuc as donor substrate, and D-lactose or D-lactulose as acceptor substrates, reaching a yield up to 25%. Fucosyllactose was obtained as a reaction product with D-lactose, and its composition was confirmed by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). It is possible that the fucosyl-oligosaccharide synthesized in this study has biological functions similar to human milk oligosaccharides.
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24
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Zhang Y, Xiang G, He S, Hu Y, Liu Y, Xu L, Xiao G. Orthogonal One-Pot Synthesis of Oligosaccharides Based on Glycosyl ortho-Alkynylbenzoates. Org Lett 2019; 21:2335-2339. [PMID: 30869522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
One of the most popular one-pot glycosylation strategies is orthogonal one-pot synthesis, which was mainly based on thioglycosides. Despite its successful application, shortcomings of thioglycosides including aglycon transfers, interference of departing species and unpleasant odor restrict its application scope. Herein, we report a new and efficient orthogonal one-pot synthesis of oligosaccahrides based on glycosyl ortho-alkynylbenzoate, which solves the issues of thioglycoside-based orthogonal one-pot synthesis. Over a dozen of oligosaccharides have been efficiently synthesized by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Guisheng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Shaojun He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Yikao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Lili Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
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25
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Hu Z, Tang Y, Yu B. Glycosylation with 3,5-Dimethyl-4-(2′-phenylethynylphenyl)phenyl (EPP) Glycosides via a Dearomative Activation Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4806-4810. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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26
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Wang J, Lou Q, Rong J, Yang Y. Gold(i)-promoted α-selective sialylation of glycosylortho-hexynylbenzoates for the latent-active synthesis of oligosialic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6580-6584. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00954j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A gold(i)-promoted α-selective glycosylation approach with sialylortho-hexynylbenzoates as donors is developed for the latent-active synthesis of α-(2 → 9)-linked oligosialic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhe Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Qixin Lou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Jingjing Rong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
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27
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Janus glycosides of next generation: Synthesis of 4-(3-chloropropoxy)phenyl and 4-(3-azidopropoxy)phenyl glycosides. Carbohydr Res 2019; 471:95-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Micoli F, Costantino P, Adamo R. Potential targets for next generation antimicrobial glycoconjugate vaccines. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 42:388-423. [PMID: 29547971 PMCID: PMC5995208 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface carbohydrates have been proven optimal targets for vaccine development. Conjugation of polysaccharides to a carrier protein triggers a T-cell-dependent immune response to the glycan moiety. Licensed glycoconjugate vaccines are produced by chemical conjugation of capsular polysaccharides to prevent meningitis caused by meningococcus, pneumococcus and Haemophilus influenzae type b. However, other classes of carbohydrates (O-antigens, exopolysaccharides, wall/teichoic acids) represent attractive targets for developing vaccines. Recent analysis from WHO/CHO underpins alarming concern toward antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as the so called ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.) and additional pathogens such as Clostridium difficile and Group A Streptococcus. Fungal infections are also becoming increasingly invasive for immunocompromised patients or hospitalized individuals. Other emergencies could derive from bacteria which spread during environmental calamities (Vibrio cholerae) or with potential as bioterrorism weapons (Burkholderia pseudomallei and mallei, Francisella tularensis). Vaccination could aid reducing the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and provide protection by herd immunity also to individuals who are not vaccinated. This review analyzes structural and functional differences of the polysaccharides exposed on the surface of emerging pathogenic bacteria, combined with medical need and technological feasibility of corresponding glycoconjugate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena
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29
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Manhas S, Taylor MS. Dehydrative glycosidations of 2-deoxysugar derivatives catalyzed by an arylboronic ester. Carbohydr Res 2018; 470:42-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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30
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Panza M, Pistorio SG, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. Automated Chemical Oligosaccharide Synthesis: Novel Approach to Traditional Challenges. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8105-8150. [PMID: 29953217 PMCID: PMC6522228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Advances in carbohydrate chemistry have certainly made common oligosaccharides much more accessible. However, many current methods still rely heavily upon specialized knowledge of carbohydrate chemistry. The application of automated technologies to chemical and life science applications such as genomics and proteomics represents a vibrant field. These automated technologies also present opportunities for their application to organic synthesis, including that of the synthesis of oligosaccharides. However, application of automated methods to the synthesis of carbohydrates is an underdeveloped area as compared to other classes of biomolecules. The overarching goal of this review article is to present the advances that have been made at the interface of carbohydrate chemistry and automated technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Panza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Salvatore G. Pistorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Keith J. Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
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31
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Anomeric O-Functionalization of Carbohydrates for Chemical Conjugation to Vaccine Constructs. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071742. [PMID: 30018207 PMCID: PMC6099650 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates mediate a wide range of biological interactions, and understanding these processes benefits the development of new therapeutics. Isolating sufficient quantities of glycoconjugates from biological samples remains a significant challenge. With advances in chemical and enzymatic carbohydrate synthesis, the availability of complex carbohydrates is increasing and developing methods for stereoselective conjugation these polar head groups to proteins and lipids is critically important for pharmaceutical applications. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of commonly employed strategies for installing a functionalized linker at the anomeric position as well as examples of further transformations that have successfully led to glycoconjugation to vaccine constructs for biological evaluation as carbohydrate-based therapeutics.
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32
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Abronina PI, Zinin AI, Romashin DA, Tereshina VV, Chizhov AO, Kononov LO. Application of a Janus aglycon with dual function in benzyl-free synthesis of spacer-armed oligosaccharide fragments of polysaccharides from rhizobacterium Azospirillum brasilense sp7. Carbohydr Res 2018; 464:28-43. [PMID: 29803733 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Both protective and pre-spacer features of 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl (CEP) aglycon, which belong to the class of Janus aglycons, were engaged in a benzyl-free synthesis of oligosaccharide fragments of polysaccharides from rhizobacterium Azospirillum brasilense sp7. Introduction of α-1,4-linked L-fucose residue was performed using 3,4-di-O-benzoyl-2-O-triisopropylsilyl-α-L-fucopyranosyl N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate in excellent stereoselectivity and high yields. The obtained deprotected di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides contain 4-(2-azidoethoxy)phenyl (AEP) spacer aglycon, which allows straightforward preparation of neoglycoconjugates that will be used for the study of the role of lipopolysaccharide of rhizobacterium A. brasilense sp7 in plant-microbe symbiosis. The intermediate protected oligosaccharide building blocks with cleavable CEP/AEP aglycons have a strong potential for further application in the synthesis of more complex oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina I Abronina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander I Zinin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Denis A Romashin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valeria V Tereshina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O Chizhov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid O Kononov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Abstract
Previously, we communicated 3,3-difluoroxindole (HOFox)-mediated glycosylations wherein 3,3-difluoro-3H-indol-2-yl (OFox) imidates were found to be key intermediates. Both the in situ synthesis from the corresponding glycosyl bromides and activation of the OFox imidates could be conducted in a regenerative fashion. Herein, we extend this study to the synthesis of various glycosidic linkages using different sugar series. The main outcome of this study relates to enhanced yields and/or reduced reaction times of glycosylations. The effect of HOFox-mediated reactions is particularly pronounced in case of unreactive glycosyl donors and/or glycosyl acceptors. A multistep regenerative synthesis of oligosaccharides is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashapal Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Tinghua Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Scott A. Geringer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Keith J. Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
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34
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Chen W, Zeng J, Wang H, Xiao X, Meng L, Wan Q. Tracking the leaving group in the remote activation of O -2-[(propan-2-yl)sulfinyl]benzyl (OPSB) glycoside. Carbohydr Res 2017; 452:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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35
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Abstract
Carbohydrate oligomers remain challenging targets for chemists due to the requirement for elaborate protecting and leaving group manipulations, functionalization, tedious purification, and sophisticated characterization. Achieving high stereocontrol in glycosylation reactions is arguably the major hurdle that chemists experience. This review article overviews methods for intramolecular glycosylation reactions wherein the facial stereoselectivity is achieved by tethering of the glycosyl donor and acceptor counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao G Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Blvd., 434 Benton Hall (MC27), St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Blvd., 434 Benton Hall (MC27), St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
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36
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Jia XG, Demchenko AV. Intramolecular glycosylation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2028-2048. [PMID: 29062425 PMCID: PMC5629421 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate oligomers remain challenging targets for chemists due to the requirement for elaborate protecting and leaving group manipulations, functionalization, tedious purification, and sophisticated characterization. Achieving high stereocontrol in glycosylation reactions is arguably the major hurdle that chemists experience. This review article overviews methods for intramolecular glycosylation reactions wherein the facial stereoselectivity is achieved by tethering of the glycosyl donor and acceptor counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao G Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Blvd., 434 Benton Hall (MC27), St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Blvd., 434 Benton Hall (MC27), St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
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37
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Hasty SJ, Rath NP, Demchenko AV. Extending the S-benzimidazolyl (SBiz) platform: N-alkylated SBiz glycosyl donors with the universal activation profile. PURE APPL CHEM 2017; 89:1321-1331. [PMID: 29861508 PMCID: PMC5976247 DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the development of alkylated S-benzimidazolyl (SBiz) imidates as versatile building blocks for chemical glycosylation. The SBiz imidates have been originally developed as a new platform for active-latent glycosylations and its utility was further extended to other common strategies for oligosaccharide synthesis. This article expands upon the utility of these compounds. We developed a general protocol for the synthesis of a series of N-alkylated SBiz glycosides from N-protected SBiz aglycones by Lewis acid-mediated coupling with glucose pentaacetate. The N-alkylated SBiz moiety was found to be stable under strong basic conditions which allowed us to obtain both armed and disarmed N-alkylated SBiz donors. These donors showed good reactivity at a variety of activation conditions, and generally provided high yields in glycosylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J. Hasty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri – St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Nigam P. Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri – St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri – St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
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38
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Practical synthesis of latent disarmed S -2-(2-propylthio)benzyl glycosides for interrupted Pummerer reaction mediated glycosylation. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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39
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Abstract
Since 2004, when the first synthetic glycoconjugate vaccine against the pneumonia and meningitis causing bacterium Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) approved for human use in Cuba was reported, 34 million doses of the synthetic vaccine have been already distributed in several countries under the commercial name of Quimi-Hib. However, despite the success of this product, no other synthetic glycoconjugate vaccine has been licensed in the following 13 years. As well as avoiding the need to handle pathogens, synthetic glycoconjugates offer clear advantages in terms of product characterization and the possibility to understand the parameters influencing immunogenicity. Nevertheless, large scale application of synthetic sugars has been perceived as challenging because of manufacturing costs and process complexity compared to natural polysaccharides. Chemoenzymatic approaches, one-pot protocols, and automated solid-phase synthesis are rendering carbohydrate production considerably more attractive for industrialization. Here we identify three areas where chemical approaches can advance this progress: (i) chemical or enzymatic methods enabling the delivery of the minimal polysaccharide portion responsible for an effective immune response; (ii) site-selective chemical or enzymatic conjugation strategies for the exploration of the conjugation point in immune responses against carbohydrate-based vaccines, and the consistent preparation of more homogeneous products; (iii) multicomponent constructs targeting receptors responsible for immune response modulation in order to control its quality and magnitude. We discuss how synthesis of bacterial oligosaccharides is useful toward understanding the polysaccharide portion responsible for immunogenicity, and for developing robust and consistent alternatives to natural heterogeneous polysaccharides. The synthesis of sugar analogues can lead to the identification of hydrolytically more stable versions of oligosaccharide antigens. The study of bacterial polysaccharide biosynthesis aids the development of in vitro hazard-free oligosaccharide production. Novel site-selective conjugation methods contribute toward deciphering the role of conjugation sites in the immunogenicity of glycoconjugates and prove to be particularly useful when glycans are conjugated to protein serving as carrier and antigen. The orthogonal incorporation of two different carbohydrate haptens enables the reduction of vaccine components. Finally, coordinated conjugation of glycans and small molecule immunopotentiators supports simplification of vaccine formulation and localization of adjuvant. Synergistic advancement of these areas, combined with competitive manufacturing processes, will contribute to a better understanding of the features guiding the immunological activity of glycoconjugates and, ultimately, to the design of improved, safer vaccines.
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Hasty SJ, Bandara MD, Rath NP, Demchenko AV. S-Benzimidazolyl (SBiz) Imidates as a Platform for Oligosaccharide Synthesis via Active-Latent, Armed-Disarmed, Selective, and Orthogonal Activations. J Org Chem 2017; 82:1904-1911. [PMID: 28135419 PMCID: PMC5498158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the development of S-benzimidazolyl (SBiz) imidates as versatile building blocks for oligosaccharide synthesis. The SBiz imidates have been originally developed as a new platform for active-latent glycosylations. This article expands upon the utility of these compounds. The application to practically all common concepts for the expeditious oligosaccharide synthesis including selective, chemoselective, and orthogonal strategies is demonstrated. The strategy development was made possible thanks to our enhanced understanding of the reaction mechanism and the modes by which SBiz imidates interact with various promoters of glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J. Hasty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Mithila D. Bandara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Nigam P. Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
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41
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Bandara MD, Yasomanee JP, Rath NP, Pedersen CM, Bols M, Demchenko AV. Conformationally superarmed S-ethyl glycosyl donors as effective building blocks for chemoselective oligosaccharide synthesis in one pot. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:559-563. [PMID: 27942674 PMCID: PMC5496005 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02498j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A new series of superarmed glycosyl donors has been investigated. It was demonstrated that the S-ethyl leaving group allows for high reactivity, which is much higher than that of equally equipped S-phenyl glycosyl donors that were previously investigated by our groups. The superarmed S-ethyl glycosyl donors equipped with a 2-O-benzoyl group gave complete β-stereoselectivity. Utility of the new glycosyl donors has been demonstrated in a one-pot one-addition oligosaccharide synthesis with all of the reaction components present from the beginning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithila D Bandara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
| | - Jagodige P Yasomanee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
| | - Nigam P Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
| | | | - Mikael Bols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
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42
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Pistorio SG, Nigudkar SS, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. HPLC-Assisted Automated Oligosaccharide Synthesis: Implementation of the Autosampler as a Mode of the Reagent Delivery. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8796-8805. [PMID: 27575052 PMCID: PMC5496006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of a useful methodology for simple, scalable, and transformative automation of oligosaccharide synthesis that easily interfaces with existing methods is reported. The automated synthesis can now be performed using accessible equipment where the reactants and reagents are delivered by the pump or the autosampler and the reactions can be monitored by the UV detector. The HPLC-based platform for automation is easy to setup and adapt to different systems and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore G. Pistorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Swati S. Nigudkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Keith J. Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
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43
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Vibhute AM, Dhaka A, Athiyarath V, Sureshan KM. A versatile glycosylation strategy via Au(iii) catalyzed activation of thioglycoside donors. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4259-4263. [PMID: 30090287 PMCID: PMC6054025 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00633g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among various methods of chemical glycosylations, glycosylation by activation of thioglycoside donors using a thiophilic promoter is an important strategy. Many promoters have been developed for the activation of thioglycosides. However, incompatibility with substrates having alkenes and the requirement of a stoichiometric amount of promoters, co-promoters and extreme temperatures are some of the limitations. We have developed an efficient methodology for glycosylation via the activation of thioglycoside donors using a catalytic amount of AuCl3 and without any co-promoter. The reaction is very fast, high-yielding and very facile at room temperature. The versatility of this method is evident from the facile glycosylation with both armed and disarmed donors and sterically demanding substrates (acceptors/donors) at ambient conditions, from the stability of the common protecting groups, and from the compatibility of alkene-containing substrates during the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol M Vibhute
- School of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Thiruvananthapuram , KERALA-695016 , India . ; http://kms514.wix.com/kmsgroup
| | - Arun Dhaka
- School of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Thiruvananthapuram , KERALA-695016 , India . ; http://kms514.wix.com/kmsgroup
| | - Vignesh Athiyarath
- School of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Thiruvananthapuram , KERALA-695016 , India . ; http://kms514.wix.com/kmsgroup
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Thiruvananthapuram , KERALA-695016 , India . ; http://kms514.wix.com/kmsgroup
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44
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Lanz G, Madsen R. Glycosylation with Disarmed Glycosyl Bromides Promoted by Iodonium Ions. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyrithe Lanz
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Robert Madsen
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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45
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Pornsuriyasak P, Jia XG, Kaeothip S, Demchenko AV. Templated Oligosaccharide Synthesis: The Linker Effect on the Stereoselectivity of Glycosylation. Org Lett 2016; 18:2316-9. [PMID: 27115718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new method for intramolecular oligosaccharide synthesis that is conceptually related to the general molecular clamp approach is introduced. Exceptional α-selectivity has been achieved in a majority of applications. Unlike other related concepts, this approach is based on the bisphenol A template, which allows one to connect multiple building blocks to perform templated oligosaccharide synthesis with complete stereoselectivity. This principle was demonstrated by the synthesis of an α,α-linked trisaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papapida Pornsuriyasak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis , One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Xiao G Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis , One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Sophon Kaeothip
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis , One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis , One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
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46
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Pelletier G, Zwicker A, Allen CL, Schepartz A, Miller SJ. Aqueous Glycosylation of Unprotected Sucrose Employing Glycosyl Fluorides in the Presence of Calcium Ion and Trimethylamine. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3175-82. [PMID: 26859619 PMCID: PMC4817112 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We report a synthetic glycosylation reaction between sucrosyl acceptors and glycosyl fluoride donors to yield the derived trisaccharides. This reaction proceeds at room temperature in an aqueous solvent mixture. Calcium salts and a tertiary amine base promote the reaction with high site-selectivity for either the 3'-position or 1'-position of the fructofuranoside unit. Because nonenzymatic aqueous oligosaccharide syntheses are underdeveloped, mechanistic studies were carried out in order to identify the origin of the selectivity, which we hypothesized was related to the structure of the hydroxyl group array in sucrose. The solution conformation of various monodeoxysucrose analogs revealed the co-operative nature of the hydroxyl groups in mediating both this aqueous glycosyl bond-forming reaction and the site-selectivity at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Pelletier
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8107
| | - Aaron Zwicker
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8107
| | - C. Liana Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8107
| | - Alanna Schepartz
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8107
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8107
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47
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Glysosylation of nucleophiles on ion-exchange resin: a new synthesis of dibenzyl glycosyl phosphates. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-1002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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48
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49
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Niedbal DA, Madsen R. Halide-mediated regioselective 6-O-glycosylation of unprotected hexopyranosides with perbenzylated glycosyl bromide donors. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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50
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Shu P, Yao W, Xiao X, Sun J, Zhao X, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Tao J, Yao G, Zeng J, Wan Q. Glycosylation via remote activation of anomeric leaving groups: development of 2-(2-propylsulfinyl)benzyl glycosides as novel glycosyl donors. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00359h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New glycosyl donors with recyclable and regenerable leaving groups, which could be activated via remote mode, were designed for latent-active glycosylation.
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