1
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Garg U, Jain N, Kaul S, Nagaich U. Role of Albumin as a Targeted Drug Carrier in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5345-5358. [PMID: 37870420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
An endogenous transporter protein called albumin interacts with the Fc receptor to provide it with multiple substrate-binding domains, cell membrane receptor activation, and an extended circulating half-life. Albumin has the remarkable ability to bind with receptors viz. secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) and scavenger protein-A (SR-A) that are overexpressed during rheumatoid arthritis (RA), enabling active targeting of the disease site instead of requiring specialized substrates to be added to the nanocarrier. RA, a chronic autoimmune illness, is characterized by the presence of a severe inflammatory response. RA patients have low serum albumin concentration, which signifies the high uptake of albumin at the inflammatory sites, giving a rationale to use albumin as a drug carrier for RA therapy. Albumin has the capacity for both passive and active targeting. It is an abundantly available protein in the bloodstream showing excellent cellular compatibility, degradability in biological tissues, nonantigenicity, and safety. There are three strategies of albumin mediated drug delivery as encapsulating therapeutics in albumin nanoparticles, chemically conjugating drugs with functional proteins, and albumin itself which is used as a targeting ligand to deliver drugs specifically to cells or tissues that express albumin-binding receptors. In the current review, an attempt has been made to highlight the significant evidence of albumin as a drug delivery carrier for the safe and effective management of RA. Evidence has been provided in the form of recent research advances, clinical trials, and patents. Additionally, this review will outline the prospective for the potential utilization of albumin as a drug vehicle for RA and suggest possible future avenues to provide the perspective for subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unnati Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Neha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Shreya Kaul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Upendra Nagaich
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
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2
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Pannek A, Becker-Gotot J, Dower SK, Verhagen AM, Gleeson PA. The endosomal system of primary human vascular endothelial cells and albumin-FcRn trafficking. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260912. [PMID: 37565427 PMCID: PMC10445748 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) has a long circulatory half-life owing, in part, to interaction with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn or FCGRT) in acidic endosomes and recycling of internalised albumin. Vascular endothelial and innate immune cells are considered the most relevant cells for FcRn-mediated albumin homeostasis in vivo. However, little is known about endocytic trafficking of FcRn-albumin complexes in primary human endothelial cells. To investigate FcRn-albumin trafficking in physiologically relevant endothelial cells, we generated primary human vascular endothelial cell lines from blood endothelial precursors, known as blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs). We mapped the endosomal system in BOECs and showed that BOECs efficiently internalise fluorescently labelled HSA predominantly by fluid-phase macropinocytosis. Pulse-chase studies revealed that intracellular HSA molecules co-localised with FcRn in acidic endosomal structures and that the wildtype HSA, but not the non-FcRn-binding HSAH464Q mutant, was excluded from late endosomes and/or lysosomes. Live imaging revealed that HSA is partitioned into FcRn-positive tubules derived from maturing macropinosomes, which are then transported towards the plasma membrane. These findings identify the FcRn-albumin trafficking pathway in primary vascular endothelial cells, relevant to albumin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Pannek
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology (IMMEI), University Clinic Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Janine Becker-Gotot
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology (IMMEI), University Clinic Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Steven K. Dower
- CSL Limited, Research, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anne M. Verhagen
- CSL Limited, Research, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A. Gleeson
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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3
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Peng F, Zhang H, He X, Song Z. Early flora colonization affects intestinal immunoglobulin G uptake in piglets, which may be mediated by NF-κB-FcRn pathway. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1136513. [PMID: 36865776 PMCID: PMC9971964 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1136513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The passive immunity of newborn piglets is mainly derived from immunoglobulin G (IgG) in breast milk, and the incomplete transfer of passive immune is considered to be an important cause of piglet death. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of early intestinal flora colonization on IgG uptake and its possible mechanism. Methods The newborn piglets and IPEC-J2 cells were used to investigate the possible factors and regulatory mechanisms affecting intestinal IgG uptake. In vivo, all 40 piglets were euthanized on postnatal d 0, 1, 3, and 7, with 10 piglets per time. The blood sample, gastric contents, jejunal contents and mucosa were collected for analysis. In vitro, IPEC-J2 cells transwell culture system was used to establish the IgG transporter model to explore the specific regulatory mechanism of IgG transport. Results Our results demonstrated that the intestinal IgG uptake was positively correlated with the expression of Neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). With the increase of age, the intestinal flora of newborn piglets was gradually enriched. The function of intestinal genes also changes with the colonization of intestinal flora. We found that the expression trend of TLR2, TLR4 and NF-κB (P65) in intestine was consistent with that of FcRn. Furthermore, the in vitro results demonstrate that the NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in regulating FcRn-mediated IgG transmembrane transport. Discussion Early flora colonization affects intestinal IgG uptake in piglets, which may be mediated by NF-κB-FcRn pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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4
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Toshkova N, Zhelyazkova V, Justesen S, Dimitrov JD. Conservative pattern of interaction of bat and human IgG antibodies with FcRn. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:104579. [PMID: 36272453 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, numerous studies report bats as reservoirs of emerging pathogens with little to no signs of infections. This is thought to be connected to the unique immune system of bats, which remains poorly characterized. Despite the physiological importance of the Neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in the homeostasis of IgG antibodies, it is unclear how its functional activity is evolutionary conservative among mammals, and so is the case for bats. Using surface plasmon resonance-based technology, we tested the interactions of IgG antibodies isolated from three bat species with recombinant human and mouse FcRn. Our data show that IgG from the studied bat species binds to both human and mouse FcRn, albeit with distinct affinities. Importantly, the binding pattern of bat IgG is similar to human IgG. This confirms the conservative nature of IgG-FcRn interaction and highlights the importance of FcRn IgG salvaging system in bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia Toshkova
- National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Violeta Zhelyazkova
- National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Sune Justesen
- Immunitrack Aps, Lersoe Park Alle 42, 2100, Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Jordan D Dimitrov
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France.
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5
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Hartwell BL, Melo MB, Xiao P, Lemnios AA, Li N, Chang JY, Yu J, Gebre MS, Chang A, Maiorino L, Carter C, Moyer TJ, Dalvie NC, Rodriguez-Aponte SA, Rodrigues KA, Silva M, Suh H, Adams J, Fontenot J, Love JC, Barouch DH, Villinger F, Ruprecht RM, Irvine DJ. Intranasal vaccination with lipid-conjugated immunogens promotes antigen transmucosal uptake to drive mucosal and systemic immunity. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn1413. [PMID: 35857825 PMCID: PMC9835395 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To combat the HIV epidemic and emerging threats such as SARS-CoV-2, immunization strategies are needed that elicit protection at mucosal portals of pathogen entry. Immunization directly through airway surfaces is effective in driving mucosal immunity, but poor vaccine uptake across the mucus and epithelial lining is a limitation. The major blood protein albumin is constitutively transcytosed bidirectionally across the airway epithelium through interactions with neonatal Fc receptors (FcRn). Exploiting this biology, here, we demonstrate a strategy of "albumin hitchhiking" to promote mucosal immunity using an intranasal vaccine consisting of protein immunogens modified with an amphiphilic albumin-binding polymer-lipid tail, forming amph-proteins. Amph-proteins persisted in the nasal mucosa of mice and nonhuman primates and exhibited increased uptake into the tissue in an FcRn-dependent manner, leading to enhanced germinal center responses in nasal-associated lymphoid tissue. Intranasal immunization with amph-conjugated HIV Env gp120 or SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) proteins elicited 100- to 1000-fold higher antigen-specific IgG and IgA titers in the serum, upper and lower respiratory mucosa, and distal genitourinary mucosae of mice compared to unmodified protein. Amph-RBD immunization induced high titers of SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies in serum, nasal washes, and bronchoalveolar lavage. Furthermore, intranasal amph-protein immunization in rhesus macaques elicited 10-fold higher antigen-specific IgG and IgA responses in the serum and nasal mucosa compared to unmodified protein, supporting the translational potential of this approach. These results suggest that using amph-protein vaccines to deliver antigen across mucosal epithelia is a promising strategy to promote mucosal immunity against HIV, SARS-CoV-2, and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L. Hartwell
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mariane B. Melo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peng Xiao
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA
| | - Ashley A. Lemnios
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Na Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jason Y.H. Chang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Makda S. Gebre
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aiquan Chang
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laura Maiorino
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Crystal Carter
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA
| | - Tyson J. Moyer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Neil C. Dalvie
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sergio A. Rodriguez-Aponte
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kristen A. Rodrigues
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Murillo Silva
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Heikyung Suh
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Josetta Adams
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jane Fontenot
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA
| | - J. Christopher Love
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francois Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560 USA
| | - Ruth M. Ruprecht
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA.,Corresponding author.
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6
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Ward ES, Gelinas D, Dreesen E, Van Santbergen J, Andersen JT, Silvestri NJ, Kiss JE, Sleep D, Rader DJ, Kastelein JJP, Louagie E, Vidarsson G, Spriet I. Clinical Significance of Serum Albumin and Implications of FcRn Inhibitor Treatment in IgG-Mediated Autoimmune Disorders. Front Immunol 2022; 13:892534. [PMID: 35757719 PMCID: PMC9231186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.892534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum albumin (SA), the most abundant soluble protein in the body, maintains plasma oncotic pressure and regulates the distribution of vascular fluid and has a range of other important functions. The goals of this review are to expand clinical knowledge regarding the functions of SA, elucidate effects of dysregulated SA concentration, and discuss the clinical relevance of hypoalbuminemia resulting from various diseases. We discuss potential repercussions of SA dysregulation on cholesterol levels, liver function, and other processes that rely on its homeostasis, as decreased SA concentration has been shown to be associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, and mortality. We describe the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of SA, as well as its ability to bind and transport a plethora of endogenous and exogenous molecules. SA is the primary serum protein involved in binding and transport of drugs and as such has the potential to affect, or be affected by, certain medications. Of current relevance are antibody-based inhibitors of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), several of which are under clinical development to treat immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated autoimmune disorders; some have been shown to decrease SA concentration. FcRn acts as a homeostatic regulator of SA by rescuing it, as well as IgG, from intracellular degradation via a common cellular recycling mechanism. Greater clinical understanding of the multifunctional nature of SA and the potential clinical impact of decreased SA are needed; in particular, the potential for certain treatments to reduce SA concentration, which may affect efficacy and toxicity of medications and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sally Ward
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Erwin Dreesen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Joseph E Kiss
- Vitalant Northeast Division and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Daniel J Rader
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John J P Kastelein
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, Academic Medical Center (AMC) of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Isabel Spriet
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Zakrzewicz A, Würth C, Beckert B, Feldhoff S, Vanderheyden K, Foss S, Andersen JT, de Haard H, Verheesen P, Bobkov V, Tikkanen R. Stabilization of Keratinocyte Monolayer Integrity in the Presence of Anti-Desmoglein-3 Antibodies through FcRn Blockade with Efgartigimod: Novel Treatment Paradigm for Pemphigus? Cells 2022; 11:cells11060942. [PMID: 35326398 PMCID: PMC8946243 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune blistering disease of the epidermis, caused by autoantibodies against desmosomal proteins, mainly desmogleins 1 and 3, which induce an impairment of desmosomal adhesion and blister formation. Recent findings have shown that inhibition of immunoglobulin G binding on the neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn, results in reduced autoantibody recycling and shortens their half-life, providing a valid treatment option for PV. We have here analyzed the role of FcRn in human keratinocytes treated with antibodies isolated from pemphigus vulgaris patient or with recombinant anti-desmoglein-3 antibodies that induce pathogenic changes in desmosomes, such as loss of monolayer integrity, aberrant desmoglein-3 localization and degradation of desmoglein-3. We show that blocking IgG binding on FcRn by efgartigimod, a recombinant Fc fragment undergoing clinical studies for pemphigus, stabilizes the keratinocyte monolayer, whereas the loss of desmoglein-3 is not prevented by efgartigimod. Our data show that FcRn may play a direct role in the pathogenesis of pemphigus at the level of the autoantibody target cells, the epidermal keratinocytes. Our data suggest that in keratinocytes, FcRn may have functions different from its known function in IgG recycling. Therefore, stabilization of keratinocyte adhesion by FcRn blocking entities may provide a novel treatment paradigm for pemphigus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zakrzewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.Z.); (C.W.); (B.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Celina Würth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.Z.); (C.W.); (B.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Benedikt Beckert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.Z.); (C.W.); (B.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Simon Feldhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.Z.); (C.W.); (B.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Katrien Vanderheyden
- Argenx BV, Industriepark Zwijnaarde 7, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (K.V.); (H.d.H.); (P.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Stian Foss
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (S.F.); (J.T.A.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (S.F.); (J.T.A.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans de Haard
- Argenx BV, Industriepark Zwijnaarde 7, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (K.V.); (H.d.H.); (P.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Peter Verheesen
- Argenx BV, Industriepark Zwijnaarde 7, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (K.V.); (H.d.H.); (P.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Vladimir Bobkov
- Argenx BV, Industriepark Zwijnaarde 7, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (K.V.); (H.d.H.); (P.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Ritva Tikkanen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.Z.); (C.W.); (B.B.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Vázquez-Domínguez I, Garanto A. Considerations for Generating Humanized Mouse Models to Test Efficacy of Antisense Oligonucleotides. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2434:267-279. [PMID: 35213024 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2010-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, animal models have become increasingly important in therapeutic drug development and assessment. The use of these models, mainly mice and rats, allow evaluating drugs in the real-organism environment and context. However, several molecular therapeutic approaches are sequence-dependent, and therefore, the humanization of such models is required to assess the efficacy. The generation of genetically modified humanized mouse models is often an expensive and laborious process that may not always recapitulate the human molecular and/or physiological phenotype. In this chapter, we summarize basic aspects to consider before designing and generating humanized models, especially when they are aimed to test antisense-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Vázquez-Domínguez
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Alejandro Garanto
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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9
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Pannek A, Houghton FJ, Verhagen AM, Dower SK, Hinde E, Gleeson PA. Dynamics of intracellular neonatal Fc receptor-ligand interactions in primary macrophages using biophysical fluorescence techniques. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 33:ar6. [PMID: 34731029 PMCID: PMC8886815 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-02-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is responsible for the recycling of endocytosed albumin and IgG, and contributes to their long plasma half-life. We recently identified an FcRn-dependent recycling pathway from macropinosomes in macrophages; however, little is known about the dynamics of intracellular FcRn–ligand interactions to promote recycling. Here we demonstrate a multiplexed biophysical fluorescent microscopy approach to resolve the spatiotemporal dynamics of albumin–FcRn interactions in living bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs). We used the phasor approach to fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to detect the interaction of a FcRn–mCherry fusion protein with endocytosed Alexa Fluor 488–labeled human serum albumin (HSA–AF488) in BMDMs, and raster image correlation spectroscopy (RICS) analysis of single fluorescent-labeled albumin molecules to monitor the diffusion kinetics of internalized albumin. Our data identified a major fraction of immobile HSA–AF488 molecules in endosomal structures of human FcRn-positive mouse macrophages and an increase in FLIM-FRET following endocytosis, including detection of FRET in tubular-like structures. A nonbinding mutant of albumin showed minimum FLIM-FRET and high mobility. These data reveal the kinetics of FcRn–ligand binding within endosomal structures for recruitment into transport carriers for recycling. These approaches have wide applicability for analyses of intracellular ligand–receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Pannek
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010.,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Venusberg Campus, D-53127, Germany
| | - Fiona J Houghton
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010
| | - Anne M Verhagen
- CSL Limited, Research, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Steven K Dower
- CSL Limited, Research, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Hinde
- School of Physics and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010
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10
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Goebeler M, Bata-Csörgő Z, De Simone C, Didona B, Remenyik E, Reznichenko N, Stoevesandt J, Ward ES, Parys W, de Haard H, Dupuy P, Verheesen P, Schmidt E, Joly P. Treatment of pemphigus vulgaris and foliaceus with efgartigimod, a neonatal Fc receptor inhibitor: a phase II multicentre, open-label feasibility trial. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:429-439. [PMID: 34608631 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus are potentially life-threatening autoimmune disorders triggered by IgG autoantibodies against mucosal and epidermal desmogleins. There is an unmet need for fast-acting drugs that enable patients to achieve early sustained remission with reduced corticosteroid reliance. OBJECTIVES To investigate efgartigimod, an engineered Fc fragment that inhibits the activity of the neonatal Fc receptor, thereby reducing serum IgG levels, for treating pemphigus. METHODS Thirty-four patients with mild-to-moderate pemphigus vulgaris or foliaceus were enrolled in an open-label phase II adaptive trial. In sequential cohorts, efgartigimod was dosed at 10 or 25 mg kg-1 intravenously with various dosing frequencies, as monotherapy or as add-on therapy to low-dose oral prednisone. Safety endpoints comprised the primary outcome. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT03334058). RESULTS Adverse events were mostly mild and were reported by 16 of 19 (84%) patients receiving efgartigimod 10 mg kg-1 and 13 of 15 (87%) patients receiving 25 mg kg-1 , with similar adverse event profiles between dose groups. A major decrease in serum total IgG and anti-desmoglein autoantibodies was observed and correlated with improved Pemphigus Disease Area Index scores. Efgartigimod, as monotherapy or combined with prednisone, demonstrated early disease control in 28 of 31 (90%) patients after a median of 17 days. Optimized, prolonged treatment with efgartigimod in combination with a median dose of prednisone 0·26 mg kg-1 per day (range 0·06-0·48) led to complete clinical remission in 14 of 22 (64%) patients within 2-41 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Efgartigimod was well tolerated and exhibited an early effect on disease activity and outcome parameters, providing support for further evaluation as a therapy for pemphigus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Goebeler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Z Bata-Csörgő
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - C De Simone
- Department of Dermatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Policlinic A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - B Didona
- Dermatopathic Institute of the Immaculate, Rome, Italy
| | - E Remenyik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - N Reznichenko
- Zaporizhzhya State Medical University, Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine
| | - J Stoevesandt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - E S Ward
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - E Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - P Joly
- Department of Dermatology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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11
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Liu P, Johnson SE, Xie X, Gao L, Haney CR, Zhao M, Jin J. Targeted design of a recombinant tracer for SPECT renal imaging. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:9118-9132. [PMID: 34522230 PMCID: PMC8419037 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: A robust radiopharmaceutical has high uptake in the target and low retention in non-target tissues. However, traditional tracers for renal imaging that chemically chelate 99mTc are excreted through the renal route with transient resident time in the kidney. Following a rational design approach, we constructed a protein-based radiotracer, designated PBT-Fc, to sequentially bind tubular neonatal Fc-receptor and subsequently proximal tubular basement membrane for its targeted sequestration in kidney parenchyma. In this process, the tracer participates in physiologic glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption while escaping lysosomal catabolism and urinary clearance. Methods: To specifically target renal receptors in navigating the urinary passage in the kidney, we produced a recombinant fusion protein with two separate functional parts: a polybasic PBT segment derived from human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Fc segment of IgG1. The chimeric fusion of PBT-Fc was labeled with radionuclide 99mTc and tested in rodent models of kidney diseases. Planar scintigraphy and single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) were performed to evaluate renal-specificity of the tracer. Results: When injected in mouse and rat, following a brief 10 - 15 min dynamic redistribution phase in circulation, ~ 95% of the [99mTc]-PBT-Fc signal was concentrated in the kidney and lasted for hours without urinary loss or surrounding tissue activities. Long-lasting tracer signals in the kidney cortex in conjunction with SPECT greatly augmented the image quality in detecting pathological lesions in a variety of disease models, including ischemic acute kidney injury, drug-induced renal toxicity, and chronic kidney disease from renin-angiotensin system (RAS) overactivation. Conclusion: Exclusive renal retention of the recombinant radiotracer greatly facilitated static-phase signal acquisition by SPECT and achieved submillimeter spatial resolution of kidney alternations in glomerular and tubular disease models.
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12
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Sobia P, Archary D. Preventive HIV Vaccines-Leveraging on Lessons from the Past to Pave the Way Forward. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9091001. [PMID: 34579238 PMCID: PMC8472969 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9091001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost four decades on, since the 1980’s, with hundreds of HIV vaccine candidates tested in both non-human primates and humans, and several HIV vaccines trials later, an efficacious HIV vaccine continues to evade us. The enormous worldwide genetic diversity of HIV, combined with HIV’s inherent recombination and high mutation rates, has hampered the development of an effective vaccine. Despite the advent of antiretrovirals as pre-exposure prophylaxis and preventative treatment, which have shown to be effective, HIV infections continue to proliferate, highlighting the great need for a vaccine. Here, we provide a brief history for the HIV vaccine field, with the most recent disappointments and advancements. We also provide an update on current passive immunity trials, testing proof of the concept of the most clinically advanced broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for HIV prevention. Finally, we include mucosal immunity, the importance of vaccine-elicited immune responses and the challenges thereof in the most vulnerable environment–the female genital tract and the rectal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract for heterosexual and men who have sex with men transmissions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Sobia
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
| | - Derseree Archary
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-(0)-31-655-0540
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13
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Azevedo C, Pinto S, Benjakul S, Nilsen J, Santos HA, Traverso G, Andersen JT, Sarmento B. Prevention of diabetes-associated fibrosis: Strategies in FcRn-targeted nanosystems for oral drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113778. [PMID: 33887405 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with an elevated risk of micro- and macrovascular complications, such as fibrosis. To prevent diabetes-associated fibrosis, the symptomatology of diabetes must be controlled, which is commonly done by subcutaneous injection of antidiabetic peptides. To minimize the pain and distress associated with such injections, there is an urgent need for non-invasive oral transmucosal drug delivery strategies. However, orally administered peptide-based drugs are exposed to harsh conditions in the gastrointestinal tract and poorly cross the selective intestinal epithelium. Thus, targeting of drugs to receptors expressed in epithelial cells, such as the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), may therefore enhance uptake and transport through mucosal barriers. This review compiles how in-depth studies of FcRn biology and engineering of receptor-binding molecules may pave the way for design of new classes of FcRn-targeted nanosystems. Tailored strategies may open new avenues for oral drug delivery and provide better treatment options for diabetes and, consequently, fibrosis prevention.
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14
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Sun Y, Estevez A, Schlothauer T, Wecksler AT. Antigen physiochemical properties allosterically effect the IgG Fc-region and Fc neonatal receptor affinity. MAbs 2021; 12:1802135. [PMID: 32795110 PMCID: PMC7531492 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1802135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is a key membrane protein that plays an integral role in serum immunoglobulin (IgG) recycling, which extends the half-life of antibody. In addition, FcRn is known to traffic antigen-bound immunoglobulins (Ag-IgGs), and to interact with immune complexes to facilitate the antigen cross-presentation of peptides derived from the immune complexes in antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Studies on the IgG-FcRn molecular interactions have primarily focused on the Fc region, and only recently have shown the potential impact of the antigen-binding fragment physiochemical properties on FcRn binding. However, the effect of the antigen physiochemical properties on IgG structure as it relates to Ag-IgG-FcRn binding is not well understood. Here we used an IgG-peptide antigen complex as a model system to investigate the structural effects of the antigen's physiochemical properties on the IgG structure, and the subsequent effects of Ag-IgG-FcRn interactions. We used hydroxyl radical footprinting-mass spectrometry to investigate the structural impact on an IgG upon antigen binding, and observed that the physicochemical properties of the antigen differentially induce conformational changes in the IgG FcRn binding region. The extent of these structural changes directly correlates to the magnitude of the affinity differences between the Ag-IgG complexes and FcRn. Moreover, the antigen's physicochemical properties differentially induce structural differences within the Ag-IgG-FcRn ternary complex. We also provide electron microscopy data that shows corroborating Fab-FcRn interactions, and confirms the hypothesis of potential 2:1 FcRn:IgG binding stoichiometry. These data demonstrate antigen-induced Fc structural rearrangements affect both the affinity toward FcRn and the trimeric antigen-IgG-FcRn complex, providing novel molecular insights in the first steps toward understanding interactions of FcRn-containing large(r)-sized immune complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alberto Estevez
- Structural Biology, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tilman Schlothauer
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg, Germany.,Biological Technologies, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron T Wecksler
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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15
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Fieux M, Le Quellec S, Bartier S, Coste A, Louis B, Giroudon C, Nourredine M, Bequignon E. FcRn as a Transporter for Nasal Delivery of Biologics: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126475. [PMID: 34204226 PMCID: PMC8234196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
FcRn plays a major role in regulating immune homeostasis, but it is also able to transport biologics across cellular barriers. The question of whether FcRn could be an efficient transporter of biologics across the nasal epithelial barrier is of particular interest, as it would allow a less invasive strategy for the administration of biologics in comparison to subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous administrations, which are often used in clinical practice. A focused systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. It was registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews PROSPERO, which helped in identifying articles that met the inclusion criteria. Clinical and preclinical studies involving FcRn and the nasal delivery of biologics were screened, and the risk of bias was assessed across studies using the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT). Among the 12 studies finally included in this systematic review (out of the 758 studies screened), 11 demonstrated efficient transcytosis of biologics through the nasal epithelium. Only three studies evaluated the potential toxicity of biologics’ intranasal delivery, and they all showed that it was safe. This systematic review confirmed that FcRn is expressed in the nasal airway and the olfactory epithelium, and that FcRn may play a role in IgG and/or IgG-derived molecule-transcytosis across the airway epithelium. However, additional research is needed to better characterize the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of biologics after their intranasal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Fieux
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Service d’ORL, D’otoneurochirurgie et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Pierre Bénite, CEDEX, F-69495 Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, F-69003 Lyon, France; (S.L.Q.); (M.N.)
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; (S.B.); (A.C.); (B.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS ERL 7000, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-7266-6415
| | - Sandra Le Quellec
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, F-69003 Lyon, France; (S.L.Q.); (M.N.)
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Cardiologique Louis Pradel, Unité D’hémostase Clinique, CEDEX, F-69500 Bron, France
- EA 4609 Hémostase et Cancer, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69372 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Service D’hématologie Biologique, CEDEX, F-69500 Bron, France
| | - Sophie Bartier
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; (S.B.); (A.C.); (B.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS ERL 7000, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Service d’ORL, de Chirurgie Cervico Faciale, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - André Coste
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; (S.B.); (A.C.); (B.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS ERL 7000, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Service d’ORL, de Chirurgie Cervico Faciale, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Bruno Louis
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; (S.B.); (A.C.); (B.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS ERL 7000, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Caroline Giroudon
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de la Documentation Centrale, CEDEX, F-69424 Lyon, France;
| | - Mikail Nourredine
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, F-69003 Lyon, France; (S.L.Q.); (M.N.)
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique et Bioinformatique, F-69003 Lyon, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emilie Bequignon
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; (S.B.); (A.C.); (B.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS ERL 7000, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Service d’ORL, de Chirurgie Cervico Faciale, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, F-94010 Créteil, France
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16
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Thibault G, Paintaud G, Sung HC, Lajoie L, Louis E, Desvignes C, Watier H, Gouilleux-Gruart V, Ternant D. Association of IgG1 Antibody Clearance with FcγRIIA Polymorphism and Platelet Count in Infliximab-Treated Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116051. [PMID: 34205175 PMCID: PMC8199937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The FcγRIIA/CD32A is mainly expressed on platelets, myeloid and several endothelial cells. Its affinity is considered insufficient for allowing significant binding of monomeric IgG, while its H131R polymorphism (histidine > arginine at position 131) influences affinity for multimeric IgG2. Platelet FcγRIIA has been reported to contribute to IgG-containing immune-complexe clearance. Given our finding that platelet FcγRIIA actually binds monomeric IgG, we investigated the role of platelets and FcγRIIA in IgG antibody elimination. We used pharmacokinetics analysis of infliximab (IgG1) in individuals with controlled Crohn’s disease. The influence of platelet count and FcγRIIA polymorphism was quantified by multivariate linear modelling. The infliximab half-life increased with R allele number (13.2, 14.4 and 15.6 days for HH, HR and RR patients, respectively). It decreased with increasing platelet count in R carriers: from ≈20 days (RR) and ≈17 days (HR) at 150 × 109/L, respectively, to ≈13 days (both HR and RR) at 350 × 109/L. Moreover, a flow cytometry assay showed that infliximab and monomeric IgG1 bound efficiently to platelet FcγRIIA H and R allotypes, whereas panitumumab and IgG2 bound poorly to the latter. We propose that infliximab (and presumably any IgG1 antibody) elimination is partly due to an unappreciated mechanism dependent on binding to platelet FcγRIIA, which is probably tuned by its affinity for IgG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Thibault
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (G.P.); (H.C.S.); (L.L.); (C.D.); (H.W.); (V.G.-G.); (D.T.)
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie, CHRU de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +332-3437-9699
| | - Gilles Paintaud
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (G.P.); (H.C.S.); (L.L.); (C.D.); (H.W.); (V.G.-G.); (D.T.)
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Hsueh Cheng Sung
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (G.P.); (H.C.S.); (L.L.); (C.D.); (H.W.); (V.G.-G.); (D.T.)
| | - Laurie Lajoie
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (G.P.); (H.C.S.); (L.L.); (C.D.); (H.W.); (V.G.-G.); (D.T.)
| | - Edouard Louis
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, CHU of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | | | - Celine Desvignes
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (G.P.); (H.C.S.); (L.L.); (C.D.); (H.W.); (V.G.-G.); (D.T.)
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Hervé Watier
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (G.P.); (H.C.S.); (L.L.); (C.D.); (H.W.); (V.G.-G.); (D.T.)
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie, CHRU de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Valérie Gouilleux-Gruart
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (G.P.); (H.C.S.); (L.L.); (C.D.); (H.W.); (V.G.-G.); (D.T.)
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie, CHRU de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
| | - David Ternant
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (G.P.); (H.C.S.); (L.L.); (C.D.); (H.W.); (V.G.-G.); (D.T.)
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours, France
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17
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Tashima T. Delivery of Orally Administered Digestible Antibodies Using Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073349. [PMID: 33805888 PMCID: PMC8036930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral administration of medications is highly preferred in healthcare owing to its simplicity and convenience; however, problems of drug membrane permeability can arise with any administration method in drug discovery and development. In particular, commonly used monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs are directly injected through intravenous or subcutaneous routes across physical barriers such as the cell membrane, including the epithelium and endothelium. However, intravenous administration has disadvantages such as pain, discomfort, and stress. Oral administration is an ideal route for mAbs. Nonetheless, proteolysis and denaturation, in addition to membrane impermeability, pose serious challenges in delivering peroral mAbs to the systemic circulation, biologically, through enzymatic and acidic blocks and, physically, through the small intestinal epithelium barrier. A number of clinical trials have been performed using oral mAbs for the local treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, some of which have adopted capsules or tablets as formulations. Surprisingly, no oral mAbs have been approved clinically. An enteric nanodelivery system can protect cargos from proteolysis and denaturation. Moreover, mAb cargos released in the small intestine may be delivered to the systemic circulation across the intestinal epithelium through receptor-mediated transcytosis. Oral Abs in milk are transported by neonatal Fc receptors to the systemic circulation in neonates. Thus, well-designed approaches can establish oral mAb delivery. In this review, I will introduce the implementation and possibility of delivering orally administered mAbs with or without nanoparticles not only to the local gastrointestinal tract but also to the systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Tashima
- Tashima Laboratories of Arts and Sciences, 1239-5 Toriyama-cho, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 222-0035, Japan
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18
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Mester S, Evers M, Meyer S, Nilsen J, Greiff V, Sandlie I, Leusen J, Andersen JT. Extended plasma half-life of albumin-binding domain fused human IgA upon pH-dependent albumin engagement of human FcRn in vitro and in vivo. MAbs 2021; 13:1893888. [PMID: 33691596 PMCID: PMC7954421 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1893888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Albumin has a serum half-life of 3 weeks in humans. This feature can be used to improve the pharmacokinetics of shorter-lived biologics. For instance, an albumin-binding domain (ABD) can be used to recruit albumin. A prerequisite for such design is that the ABD-albumin interaction does not interfere with pH-dependent binding of albumin to the human neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), as FcRn acts as the principal regulator of the half-life of albumin. Thus, there is a need to know how ABDs act in the context of fusion partners and human FcRn. Here, we studied the binding and transport properties of human immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1), fused to a Streptococcus protein G-derived engineered ABD, in in vitro and in vivo systems harboring human FcRn. IgA has great potential as a therapeutic protein, but its short half-life is a major drawback. We demonstrate that ABD-fused IgA1 binds human FcRn pH-dependently and is rescued from cellular degradation in a receptor-specific manner in the presence of albumin. This occurs when ABD is fused to either the light or the heavy chain. In human FcRn transgenic mice, IgA1-ABD in complex with human albumin, gave 4-6-fold extended half-life compared to unmodified IgA1, where the light chain fusion showed the longest half-life. When the heavy chain-fused protein was pre-incubated with an engineered human albumin with improved FcRn binding, cellular rescue and half-life was further enhanced. Our study reveals how an ABD, which does not interfere with albumin binding to human FcRn, may be used to extend the half-life of IgA. Abbreviations: ABD - Albumin binding domain, ADA – anti-drug-antibodies, ADCC - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, ELISA - Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay, FcαRI - Fcα receptor, FcγR - Fcγ receptor, FcRn - The neonatal Fc receptor, GST - Glutathione S-transferase, HC - Heavy chain, HERA - Human endothelial cell-based recycling assay, Her2 - Human epidermal growth factor 2, HMEC - Human microvascular endothelial cells, IgG - Immunoglobulin G, IgA - Immunoglobulin A, LC - Light chain, QMP - E505Q/T527M/K573P, WT - Wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mester
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mitchell Evers
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Meyer
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeannette Nilsen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeanette Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Influence of FcRn binding properties on the gastrointestinal absorption and exposure profile of Fc molecules. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 32:115942. [PMID: 33461147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) represents a transport system with the potential to facilitate absorption of biologics across the gastrointestinal barrier. How biologics interact with FcRn to enable their gastrointestinal absorption, and how these interactions might be optimized in a biological therapeutic are not well understood. Thus, we studied the absorption of Fc molecules from the intestine using three IgG4-derived Fc variants with different, pH-dependent FcRn binding and release profiles. Using several different intestinal models, we consistently observed that FcRn binding affinity correlated with transcytosis. Our findings support targeting FcRn to enable intestinal absorption of biologics and highlight additional strategic considerations for future work.
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20
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Immunogenicity Challenges Associated with Subcutaneous Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins. BioDrugs 2021; 35:125-146. [PMID: 33523413 PMCID: PMC7848667 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-020-00465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The subcutaneous route of administration has provided convenient and non-inferior delivery of therapeutic proteins compared to intravenous infusion, but there is potential for enhanced immunogenicity toward subcutaneously administered proteins in a subset of patients. Unwanted anti-drug antibody response toward proteins or monoclonal antibodies upon repeated administration is shown to impact the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of multiple biologics. Unique immunogenicity challenges of the subcutaneous route have been realized through various preclinical and clinical examples, although subcutaneous delivery has often demonstrated comparable immunogenicity to intravenous administration. Beyond route of administration as a treatment-related factor of immunogenicity, certain product-related risk factors are particularly relevant to subcutaneously administered proteins. This review attempts to provide an overview of the mechanism of immune response toward proteins administered subcutaneously (subcutaneous proteins) and comments on product-related risk factors related to protein structure and stability, dosage form, and aggregation. A two-wave mechanism of antigen presentation in the immune response toward subcutaneous proteins is described, and interaction with dynamic antigen-presenting cells possessing high antigen processing efficiency and migratory activity may drive immunogenicity. Mitigation strategies for immunogenicity are discussed, including those in general use clinically and those currently in development. Mechanistic insights along with consideration of risk factors involved inspire theoretical strategies to provide antigen-specific, long-lasting effects for maintaining the safety and efficacy of therapeutic proteins.
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21
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Aaen KH, Anthi AK, Sandlie I, Nilsen J, Mester S, Andersen JT. The neonatal Fc receptor in mucosal immune regulation. Scand J Immunol 2021; 93:e13017. [PMID: 33351196 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) was first recognized for its role in transfer of maternal IgG to the foetus or newborn, providing passive immunity early in life. However, it has become clear that the receptor is versatile, widely expressed and plays an indispensable role in both immunological and non-immunological processes throughout life. The receptor rescues immunoglobulin G (IgG) and albumin from intracellular degradation and shuttles the ligands across polarized cell barriers, in all cases via a pH-dependent binding-and-release mechanism. These processes secure distribution and high levels of both IgG and albumin throughout the body. At mucosal sites, FcRn transports IgG across polarized epithelial cells where it retrieves IgG in complex with luminal antigens that is delivered to tissue-localized immune cells. In dendritic cells (DCs), FcRn orchestrates processing of IgG-opsonized immune complexes (ICs) in concert with classical Fcγ receptors, which results in antigen presentation and cross-presentation of antigenic peptides on MHC class II and I to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively. Hence, FcRn regulates transport of the ligands within and across different types of cells, but also processing of IgG-ICs by immune cells. As such, the receptor is involved in immune surveillance and protection against infections. In this brief review, we highlight how FcRn expressed by hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells contributes to immune regulation at mucosal barriers-biology that can be utilized in development of biologics and subunit vaccines for non-invasive delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Hovden Aaen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aina Karen Anthi
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeannette Nilsen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simone Mester
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Khare P, Sun W, Ramakrishnan S, Swiercz R, Hao G, Lo ST, Nham K, Sun X, Ober RJ, Ward ES. Selective depletion of radiolabeled HER2-specific antibody for contrast improvement during PET. MAbs 2021; 13:1976705. [PMID: 34592895 PMCID: PMC8489906 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1976705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prolonged in vivo persistence of antibodies results in high background and poor contrast during their use as molecular imaging agents for positron emission tomography (PET). We have recently described a class of engineered Fc fusion proteins that selectively deplete antigen-specific antibodies without affecting the levels of antibodies of other specificities. Here, we demonstrate that these Fc fusions (called Seldegs, for selective degradation) can be used to clear circulating, radiolabeled HER2-specific antibody during diagnostic imaging of HER2-positive tumors in mice. The analyses show that Seldegs have considerable promise for the reduction of whole-body exposure to radiolabel and improvement of contrast during PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Khare
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sreevidhya Ramakrishnan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rafal Swiercz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Guiyang Hao
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Su-Tang Lo
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kien Nham
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Raimund J. Ober
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - E. Sally Ward
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
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23
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Szikora B, Marx A, Jani PK, Pipek O, Müller V, Csabai I, Kacskovics I. FcRn Overexpression Expands Diversity of the Humoral Immune Response in bFcRn Transgenic Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1887. [PMID: 32973781 PMCID: PMC7472951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) plays key roles in IgG and albumin homeostasis, maternal IgG transport, and antigen presentation of IgG-opsonized antigens. Previously, we reported that transgenic (Tg) mice that overexpress bovine FcRn (bFcRn) have augmented T-dependent humoral immune response with increased IgG protection, higher level of antigen-specific antibodies, greater number of antigen-specific B cells, and effective immune response even against weakly immunogenic epitopes. In this study we analyzed the diversity of the humoral immune response of bFcRn Tg mice, using a length distribution analysis (spectratyping) and next generation sequencing (NGS) of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable regions. Our analysis showed that in response to immunization with ovalbumin or transfected cells that expressed a unique membrane protein, our Tg animals developed a more diverse plasma cell repertoire than controls, which manifested in greater numbers of different clones, and clusters with fewer highly expanded large clones, as identified by the variable region (CDR3) of the immunoglobulin heavy chain. The increased antibody diversity in Tg mice after immunization was observed at both IgM and IgG levels, indicating that the increased humoral immune diversity in Tg mice is due to a higher number of both activated, antigen-specific naïve and isotype switched B cells. We thus demonstrated that the BCR repertoire of the immunized bFcRn Tg animals is more diverse compared to wild type mice, which likely makes these Tg mice a better choice for monoclonal antibody production against challenging antigens, including the extracellular regions of cell membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Szikora
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Marx
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Orsolya Pipek
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Institute of Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktor Müller
- Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Csabai
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Institute of Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Kacskovics
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,ImmunoGenes Ltd., Budakeszi, Hungary
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24
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Zhang M, Wang X, Chen X, Guo F, Hong J. Prognostic Value of a Stemness Index-Associated Signature in Primary Lower-Grade Glioma. Front Genet 2020; 11:441. [PMID: 32431729 PMCID: PMC7216823 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective As a prevalent and infiltrative cancer type of the central nervous system, the prognosis of lower-grade glioma (LGG) in adults is highly heterogeneous. Recent evidence has demonstrated the prognostic value of the mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) in LGG. Our aim was to develop a stemness index-based signature (SI-signature) for risk stratification and survival prediction. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between LGG in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and normal brain tissue samples from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project were screened out, and the weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to identify the mRNAsi-related gene sets. Meanwhile, the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed for the functional annotation of the key genes. ESTIMATE was used to calculate tumor purity for acquiring the correct mRNAsi. Differences in overall survival (OS) between the high and low mRNAsi (corrected mRNAsi) groups were compared using the Kaplan Meier analysis. By combining the Lasso regression with univariate and multivariate Cox regression, the SI-signature was constructed and validated using the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). Results There was a significant difference in OS between the high and low mRNAsi groups, which was also observed in the two corrected mRNAsi groups. Based on threshold limits, 86 DEGs were most significantly associated with mRNAsi via WGCNA. Seven genes (ADAP2, ALOX5AP, APOBEC3C, FCGRT, GNG5, LRRC25, and SP100) were selected to establish a risk signature for primary LGG. The ROC curves showed a fair performance in survival prediction in both the TCGA and the CGGA validation cohorts. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression revealed that the risk group was an independent prognostic factor in primary LGG. The nomogram was developed based on clinical parameters integrated with the risk signature, and its accuracy for predicting 3- and 5-years survival was assessed by the concordance index, the area under the curve of the time-dependent receiver operating characteristics curve, and calibration curves. Conclusion The SI-signature with seven genes could serve as an independent predictor, and suggests the importance of stemness features in risk stratification and survival prediction in primary LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuezhen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Statistics, College of Mathematics and Informatics & FJKLMAA, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feibao Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinsheng Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fuzhou, China
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25
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An intact C-terminal end of albumin is required for its long half-life in humans. Commun Biol 2020; 3:181. [PMID: 32313072 PMCID: PMC7171077 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Albumin has an average plasma half-life of three weeks and is thus an attractive carrier to improve the pharmacokinetics of fused therapeutics. The half-life is regulated by FcRn, a cellular receptor that protects against intracellular degradation. To tailor-design the therapeutic use of albumin, it is crucial to understand how structural alterations in albumin affect FcRn binding and transport properties. In the blood, the last C-terminal residue (L585) of albumin may be enzymatically cleaved. Here we demonstrate that removal of the L585 residue causes structural stabilization in regions of the principal FcRn binding domain and reduces receptor binding. In line with this, a short half-life of only 3.5 days was measured for cleaved albumin lacking L585 in a patient with acute pancreatitis. Thus, we reveal the structural requirement of an intact C-terminal end of albumin for a long plasma half-life, which has implications for design of albumin-based therapeutics. Nilsen et al. show that structural alterations in the last C-terminal α-helix of albumin strongly reduce its binding to the neonatal Fc receptor, decreasing the half-life of albumin in humans. This study suggests the structural requirement of the C-terminal of albumin for its long plasma half-life, providing insights into the design of albumin used to carry drugs.
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26
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Liu Y, Cao W, Sun M, Li T. Broadly neutralizing antibodies for HIV-1: efficacies, challenges and opportunities. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:194-206. [PMID: 31985356 PMCID: PMC7040474 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1713707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is effective but not curative, and no successful vaccine is currently available for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) provide a new approach to HIV-1 prevention and treatment, and these promising candidates advancing into clinical trials have shown certain efficacies in infected individuals. In addition, bNAbs have the potential to kill HIV-1-infected cells and to affect the course of HIV-1 infection by directly engaging host immunity. Nonetheless, challenges accompany the use of bNAbs, including transient suppression of viraemia, frequent emergence of resistant viruses in rebound viraemia, suboptimal efficacy in virus cell-to-cell transmission, and unclear effects on the cell-associated HIV-1 reservoir. In this review, we discuss opportunities and potential strategies to address current challenges to promote the future use of immunotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, People’s Republic of China,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People’s Republic of China, Ming Sun Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, People’s Republic of China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Taisheng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Tsinghua University Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Taisheng Li Department of Infectious diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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27
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Toh WH, Louber J, Mahmoud IS, Chia J, Bass GT, Dower SK, Verhagen AM, Gleeson PA. FcRn mediates fast recycling of endocytosed albumin and IgG from early macropinosomes in primary macrophages. J Cell Sci 2019; 133:jcs.235416. [PMID: 31444284 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.235416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) rescues albumin and IgG from degradation following endocytosis and thereby extends the half-life of these plasma proteins. However, the pathways for the uptake of these soluble FcRn ligands, and the recycling itinerary of the FcRn-ligand complexes, have not been identified in primary cells. Here, we have defined the recycling of human albumin and IgG in primary mouse macrophages selectively expressing the human FcRn. Albumin is internalised by macropinocytosis; in the absence of FcRn, internalised albumin is rapidly degraded, while in the presence of FcRn albumin colocalises to SNX5-positive membrane domains and is partitioned into tubules emanating from early macropinosomes for delivery in transport carriers to the plasma membrane. Soluble monomeric IgG was also internalised by macropinocytosis and rapidly recycled by the same pathway. In contrast, the fate of IgG bound to surface Fcγ receptors differed from monomeric IgG endocytosed by macropinocytosis. Overall, our findings identify a rapid recycling pathway for FcRn ligands from early macropinosomes to the cell surface of primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hong Toh
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jade Louber
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ismail S Mahmoud
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133 Jordan
| | - Jenny Chia
- CSL Limited, Research, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Greg T Bass
- CSL Limited, Research, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Steve K Dower
- CSL Limited, Research, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anne M Verhagen
- CSL Limited, Research, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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28
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Human cytomegalovirus evades antibody-mediated immunity through endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of the FcRn receptor. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3020. [PMID: 31289263 PMCID: PMC6617459 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can persistently infect humans, but how HCMV avoids humoral immunity is not clear. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) controls IgG transport from the mother to the fetus and prolongs IgG half-life. Here we show that US11 inhibits the assembly of FcRn with β2m and retains FcRn in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), consequently blocking FcRn trafficking to the endosome. Furthermore, US11 recruits the ubiquitin enzymes Derlin-1, TMEM129 and UbE2J2 to engage FcRn, consequently initiating the dislocation of FcRn from the ER to the cytosol and facilitating its degradation. Importantly, US11 inhibits IgG-FcRn binding, resulting in a reduction of IgG transcytosis across intestinal or placental epithelial cells and IgG degradation in endothelial cells. Hence, these results identify the mechanism by which HCMV infection exploits an ER-associated degradation pathway through US11 to disable FcRn functions. These results have implications for vaccine development and immune surveillance. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can persist for the life of a host in the face of robust immune responses owing to a wide range of immune evasion strategies. Here Liu and colleagues show that HCMV evades the IgG-mediated response by the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of the neonatal Fc receptor for IgG.
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29
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Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Zhu SL, Zu X, Wang Z, Zhang LK, Wang W, Xiao G. A novel RSV F-Fc fusion protein vaccine reduces lung injury induced by respiratory syncytial virus infection. Antiviral Res 2019; 165:11-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Kang JC, Sun W, Khare P, Karimi M, Wang X, Shen Y, Ober RJ, Ward ES. Engineering a HER2-specific antibody-drug conjugate to increase lysosomal delivery and therapeutic efficacy. Nat Biotechnol 2019; 37:523-526. [PMID: 30936563 PMCID: PMC6668989 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We improve the potency of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) containing the
HER2-specific antibody pertuzumab by reducing their affinity for HER2 by
>250-fold at acidic endosomal pH relative to near neutral pH. These
engineered pertuzumab variants show increased lysosomal delivery and
cytotoxicity towards tumor cells expressing intermediate HER2 levels. In
HER2int xenograft tumor models in mice, the variants show higher
therapeutic efficacy than the parent ADC and a clinically-approved HER2-specific
ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Kang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Priyanka Khare
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mostafa Karimi
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Raimund J Ober
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. .,Cancer Sciences Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - E Sally Ward
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA. .,Cancer Sciences Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. .,Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA.
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31
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Bas M, Terrier A, Jacque E, Dehenne A, Pochet-Béghin V, Beghin C, Dezetter AS, Dupont G, Engrand A, Beaufils B, Mondon P, Fournier N, de Romeuf C, Jorieux S, Fontayne A, Mars LT, Monnet C. Fc Sialylation Prolongs Serum Half-Life of Therapeutic Antibodies. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1582-1594. [PMID: 30683704 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The long serum t 1/2 of IgGs is ensured by their interaction with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), which salvages IgG from intracellular degradation. Fc glycosylation is thought not to influence FcRn binding and IgG longevity in vivo. In this article, we demonstrate that hypersialylation of asparagine 297 (N297) enhances IgG serum persistence. This polarized glycosylation is achieved using a novel Fc mutation, a glutamate residue deletion at position 294 (Del) that endows IgGs with an up to 9-fold increase in serum lifespan. The strongest impact was observed when the Del was combined with Fc mutations improving FcRn binding (Del-FcRn+). Enzymatic desialylation of a Del-FcRn+ mutant or its production in a cell line unable to hypersialylate reduced the in vivo serum t 1/2 of the desialylated mutants to that of native FcRn+ mutants. Consequently, our study proves that sialylation of the N297 sugar moiety has a direct impact on human IgG serum persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Bas
- LFB Biotechnologies, 59011 Lille Cedex, France.,INSERM UMR995, Laboratory of Neuroinflammation and Multiple Sclerosis, F-59000 Lille, France.,University of Lille, Lille Center of Excellence in Neurodegenerative Diseases (LICEND), F-59000 Lille, France; and
| | | | - Emilie Jacque
- LFB Biotechnologies, 91958 Courtaboeuf Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lennart T Mars
- INSERM UMR995, Laboratory of Neuroinflammation and Multiple Sclerosis, F-59000 Lille, France.,University of Lille, Lille Center of Excellence in Neurodegenerative Diseases (LICEND), F-59000 Lille, France; and
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32
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Human and mouse albumin bind their respective neonatal Fc receptors differently. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14648. [PMID: 30279529 PMCID: PMC6168492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Albumin has a serum half-life of three weeks in humans and is utilized to extend the serum persistence of drugs that are genetically fused or conjugated directly to albumin or albumin-binding molecules. Responsible for the long half-life is FcRn that protects albumin from intracellular degradation. An in-depth understanding of how FcRn binds albumin across species is of importance for design and evaluation of albumin-based therapeutics. Albumin consists of three homologous domains where domain I and domain III of human albumin are crucial for binding to human FcRn. Here, we show that swapping of two loops in domain I or the whole domain with the corresponding sequence in mouse albumin results in reduced binding to human FcRn. In contrast, humanizing domain I of mouse albumin improves binding. We reveal that domain I of mouse albumin plays a minor role in the interaction with the mouse and human receptors, as domain III on its own binds with similar affinity as full-length mouse albumin. Further, we show that P573 in domain III of mouse albumin is required for strong receptor binding. Our study highlights distinct differences in structural requirements for the interactions between mouse and human albumin with their respective receptor, which should be taken into consideration in design of albumin-based drugs and evaluation in mouse models.
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Gunasekaran M, Chatterjee PK, Shih A, Imperato GH, Addorisio M, Kumar G, Lee A, Graf JF, Meyer D, Marino M, Puleo C, Ashe J, Cox MA, Mak TW, Bouton C, Sherry B, Diamond B, Andersson U, Coleman TR, Metz CN, Tracey KJ, Chavan SS. Immunization Elicits Antigen-Specific Antibody Sequestration in Dorsal Root Ganglia Sensory Neurons. Front Immunol 2018; 9:638. [PMID: 29755449 PMCID: PMC5932385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune and nervous systems are two major organ systems responsible for host defense and memory. Both systems achieve memory and learning that can be retained, retrieved, and utilized for decades. Here, we report the surprising discovery that peripheral sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) of immunized mice contain antigen-specific antibodies. Using a combination of rigorous molecular genetic analyses, transgenic mice, and adoptive transfer experiments, we demonstrate that DRGs do not synthesize these antigen-specific antibodies, but rather sequester primarily IgG1 subtype antibodies. As revealed by RNA-seq and targeted quantitative PCR (qPCR), dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons harvested from either naïve or immunized mice lack enzymes (i.e., RAG1, RAG2, AID, or UNG) required for generating antibody diversity and, therefore, cannot make antibodies. Additionally, transgenic mice that express a reporter fluorescent protein under the control of Igγ1 constant region fail to express Ighg1 transcripts in DRG sensory neurons. Furthermore, neural sequestration of antibodies occurs in mice rendered deficient in neuronal Rag2, but antibody sequestration is not observed in DRG sensory neurons isolated from mice that lack mature B cells [e.g., Rag1 knock out (KO) or μMT mice]. Finally, adoptive transfer of Rag1-deficient bone marrow (BM) into wild-type (WT) mice or WT BM into Rag1 KO mice revealed that antibody sequestration was observed in DRG sensory neurons of chimeric mice with WT BM but not with Rag1-deficient BM. Together, these results indicate that DRG sensory neurons sequester and retain antigen-specific antibodies released by antibody-secreting plasma cells. Coupling this work with previous studies implicating DRG sensory neurons in regulating antigen trafficking during immunization raises the interesting possibility that the nervous system collaborates with the immune system to regulate antigen-mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manojkumar Gunasekaran
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Prodyot K. Chatterjee
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Andrew Shih
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Gavin H. Imperato
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Meghan Addorisio
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Gopal Kumar
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Annette Lee
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - John F. Graf
- GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, United States
| | - Dan Meyer
- GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Ashe
- GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, United States
| | - Maureen A. Cox
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tak W. Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chad Bouton
- Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Barbara Sherry
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Betty Diamond
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ulf Andersson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Thomas R. Coleman
- Center for Molecular Innovation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Christine N. Metz
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Sangeeta S. Chavan
- Center for Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Elmezzi Graduate School, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
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Chia J, Louber J, Glauser I, Taylor S, Bass GT, Dower SK, Gleeson PA, Verhagen AM. Half-life-extended recombinant coagulation factor IX-albumin fusion protein is recycled via the FcRn-mediated pathway. J Biol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29523681 PMCID: PMC5925791 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.817064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) has a pivotal role in albumin and IgG homeostasis. Internalized IgG captured by FcRn under acidic endosomal conditions is recycled to the cell surface where exocytosis and a shift to neutral pH promote extracellular IgG release. Although a similar mechanism is proposed for FcRn-mediated albumin intracellular trafficking and recycling, this pathway is less well defined but is relevant to the development of therapeutics exploiting FcRn to extend the half-life of short-lived plasma proteins. Recently, a long-acting recombinant coagulation factor IX–albumin fusion protein (rIX-FP) has been approved for the management of hemophilia B. Fusion to albumin potentially enables internalized proteins to engage FcRn and escape lysosomal degradation. In this study, we present for the first time a detailed investigation of the FcRn-mediated recycling of albumin and the albumin fusion protein rIX-FP. We demonstrate that following internalization via FcRn at low pH, rIX-FP, like albumin, is detectable within the early endosome and rapidly (within 10–15 min) traffics into the Rab11+ recycling endosomes, from where it is exported from the cell. Similarly, rIX-FP and albumin taken up by fluid-phase endocytosis at physiological pH traffics into the Rab11+ recycling compartment in FcRn-positive cells but into the lysosomal compartment in FcRn-negative cells. As expected, recombinant factor IX (without albumin fusion) and an FcRn interaction–defective albumin variant localized to the lysosomal compartments of both FcRn-expressing and nonexpressing cells. These results indicate that FcRn-mediated recycling via the albumin moiety is a mechanism for the half-life extension of rIX-FP observed in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Chia
- From the CSL Limited, Research, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jade Louber
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, and
| | - Isabelle Glauser
- From the CSL Limited, Research, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Shirley Taylor
- From the CSL Limited, Research, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Greg T Bass
- From the CSL Limited, Research, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Steve K Dower
- From the CSL Limited, Research, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, and
| | - Anne M Verhagen
- From the CSL Limited, Research, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia,
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Loss of expression of the recycling receptor, FcRn, promotes tumor cell growth by increasing albumin consumption. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3528-3541. [PMID: 27974681 PMCID: PMC5356901 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells rely on high concentrations of amino acids to support their growth and proliferation. Although increased macropinocytic uptake and lysosomal degradation of the most abundant serum protein, albumin, in Ras-transformed cells can meet these demands, it is not understood how the majority of tumor cells that express wild type Ras achieve this. In the current study we reveal that the neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn, regulates tumor cell proliferation through the ability to recycle its ligand, albumin. By contrast with normal epithelial cells, we show that human FcRn is present at very low or undetectable levels in the majority of tumor cell lines analyzed. Remarkably, shRNA-mediated ablation of FcRn expression in an FcRn-positive tumor cell line results in a substantial growth increase of tumor xenografts, whereas enforced expression of this receptor by lentiviral transduction has the reverse effect. Moreover, intracellular albumin and glutamate levels are increased by the loss of FcRn-mediated recycling of albumin, combined with hypoalbuminemia in tumor-bearing mice. These studies identify a novel role for FcRn as a suppressor of tumor growth and have implications for the use of this receptor as a prognostic indicator and therapeutic target.
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Nilsen J, Sandlie I, Roopenian DC, Andersen JT. Animal models for evaluation of albumin-based therapeutics. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Downregulation of the neonatal Fc receptor expression in non-small cell lung cancer tissue is associated with a poor prognosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:54415-54429. [PMID: 27384673 PMCID: PMC5342352 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although the recommended tumor, node and metastasis (TNM) classification and stage determination are important to select therapeutic options for patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), additional molecular markers are required to indicate the prognosis, in particular within a specific stage, and help with the management of patients. Because neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) has recently been involved in colon cancer immunosurveillance, we measured its expression in non-cancerous and NSCLC lung tissues and evaluated its prognostic value in overall survival for patient with NSCLC. FcRn expression was determined at both mRNA and protein levels on cancerous and adjacent non-cancerous tissues from 80 NSCLC patients. In NSCLC, FcRn was mainly found in resident and tumor infiltrating immune cells. The corresponding mRNA and protein were significantly less abundant in lung tumor than non-cancerous tissue. Moreover, analysis of our cohort and datasets from the public data bases show that FCGRT mRNA down-regulation is a robust and independent, unfavorable predictive factor of NSCLC patient survival. We conclude that FCGRT mRNA expression may be a useful additional marker for immunoscoring, reflecting tumor immune system, and help in the decision-making process for NSCLC patients.
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Pharmaceutical compounding of aflibercept in prefilled syringes does not affect structural integrity, stability or VEGF and Fc binding properties. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2101. [PMID: 29391560 PMCID: PMC5794981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macular edema due to neovascular age-related macular degeneration, diabetes or retinal vein occlusion can cause central vision loss. Intravitreal treatment with antibody-based biopharmaceutical compounds designed to neutralize vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has proven to be an efficient strategy to ameliorate macular edema and restore visual acuity. At the same time, the use of anti-VEGF drugs places an economic burden on the health care system; the drugs are expensive, and repeated injections are usually required to maintain the therapeutic effect. Thus, there is an unmet need for more cost-effective procedures. We here describe how the most recently approved anti-VEGF drug, aflibercept, can be compounded into prefilled sterile syringes and stored for up to 4 weeks without compromising its quality, stability or functional properties, including VEGF and neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) binding. The novel compounding method for repackaging of aflibercept in sterile plastic syringes can greatly reduce both cost and time spent per patient in the injection room.
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Safety and pharmacokinetics of the Fc-modified HIV-1 human monoclonal antibody VRC01LS: A Phase 1 open-label clinical trial in healthy adults. PLoS Med 2018; 15:e1002493. [PMID: 29364886 PMCID: PMC5783347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND VRC01 is a human broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody (bnMAb) against the CD4-binding site of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) that is currently being evaluated in a Phase IIb adult HIV-1 prevention efficacy trial. VRC01LS is a modified version of VRC01, designed for extended serum half-life by increased binding affinity to the neonatal Fc receptor. METHODS AND FINDINGS This Phase I dose-escalation study of VRC01LS in HIV-negative healthy adults was conducted by the Vaccine Research Center (VRC) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center (Bethesda, MD). The age range of the study volunteers was 21-50 years; 51% of study volunteers were male and 49% were female. Primary objectives were safety and tolerability of VRC01LS intravenous (IV) infusions at 5, 20, and 40 mg/kg infused once, 20 mg/kg given three times at 12-week intervals, and subcutaneous (SC) delivery at 5 mg/kg delivered once, or three times at 12-week intervals. Secondary objectives were pharmacokinetics (PK), serum neutralization activity, and development of antidrug antibodies. Enrollment began on November 16, 2015, and concluded on August 23, 2017. This report describes the safety data for the first 37 volunteers who received administrations of VRC01LS. There were no serious adverse events (SAEs) or dose-limiting toxicities. Mild malaise and myalgia were the most common adverse events (AEs). There were six AEs assessed as possibly related to VRC01LS administration, and all were mild in severity and resolved during the study. PK data were modeled based on the first dose of VRC01LS in the first 25 volunteers to complete their schedule of evaluations. The mean (±SD) serum concentration 12 weeks after one IV administration of 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg were 180 ± 43 μg/mL (n = 7) and 326 ± 35 μg/mL (n = 5), respectively. The mean (±SD) serum concentration 12 weeks after one IV and SC administration of 5 mg/kg were 40 ± 3 μg/mL (n = 2) and 25 ± 5 μg/mL (n = 9), respectively. Over the 5-40 mg/kg IV dose range (n = 16), the clearance was 36 ± 8 mL/d with an elimination half-life of 71 ± 18 days. VRC01LS retained its expected neutralizing activity in serum, and anti-VRC01 antibody responses were not detected. Potential limitations of this study include the small sample size typical of Phase I trials and the need to further describe the PK properties of VRC01LS administered on multiple occasions. CONCLUSIONS The human bnMAb VRC01LS was safe and well tolerated when delivered intravenously or subcutaneously. The half-life was more than 4-fold greater when compared to wild-type VRC01 historical data. The reduced clearance and extended half-life may make it possible to achieve therapeutic levels with less frequent and lower-dose administrations. This would potentially lower the costs of manufacturing and improve the practicality of using passively administered monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for the prevention of HIV-1 infection. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02599896.
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Dechavanne C, Dechavanne S, Sadissou I, Lokossou AG, Alvarado F, Dambrun M, Moutairou K, Courtin D, Nuel G, Garcia A, Migot-Nabias F, King CL. Associations between an IgG3 polymorphism in the binding domain for FcRn, transplacental transfer of malaria-specific IgG3, and protection against Plasmodium falciparum malaria during infancy: A birth cohort study in Benin. PLoS Med 2017; 14:e1002403. [PMID: 28991911 PMCID: PMC5633139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplacental transfer of maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) to the fetus helps to protect against malaria and other infections in infancy. Recent studies have emphasized the important role of malaria-specific IgG3 in malaria immunity, and its transfer may reduce the risk of malaria in infancy. Human IgGs are actively transferred across the placenta by binding the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) expressed within the endosomes of the syncytiotrophoblastic membrane. Histidine at position 435 (H435) provides for optimal Fc-IgG binding. In contrast to other IgG subclasses, IgG3 is highly polymorphic and usually contains an arginine at position 435, which reduces its binding affinity to FcRn in vitro. The reduced binding to FcRn is associated with reduced transplacental transfer and reduced half-life of IgG3 in vivo. Some haplotypes of IgG3 have histidine at position 435. This study examines the hypotheses that the IgG3-H435 variant promotes increased transplacental transfer of malaria-specific antibodies and a prolonged IgG3 half-life in infants and that its presence correlates with protection against clinical malaria during infancy. METHODS AND FINDINGS In Benin, 497 mother-infant pairs were included in a longitudinal birth cohort. Both maternal and cord serum samples were assayed for levels of IgG1 and IgG3 specific for MSP119, MSP2 (both allelic families, 3D7 and FC27), MSP3, GLURP (both regions, R0 and R2), and AMA1 antigens of Plasmodium falciparum. Cord:maternal ratios were calculated. The maternal IgG3 gene was sequenced to identify the IgG3-H435 polymorphism. A multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between maternal IgG3-H435 polymorphism and transplacental transfer of IgG3, adjusting for hypergammaglobulinemia, maternal malaria, and infant malaria exposure. Twenty-four percent of Beninese women living in an area highly endemic for malaria had the IgG3-H435 allele (377 women homozygous for the IgG3-R435 allele, 117 women heterozygous for the IgG3-R/H alleles, and 3 women homozygous for the IgG3-H435 allele). Women with the IgG3-H435 allele had a 78% (95% CI 17%, 170%, p = 0.007) increased transplacental transfer of GLURP-R2 IgG3 compared to those without the IgG3-H435 allele. Furthermore, in infants born to mothers with the IgG3-H435 variant, a 28% longer IgG3 half-life was noted (95% CI 4%, 59%, p = 0.02) compared to infants born to mothers homozygous for the IgG3-R435 allele. Similar findings were observed for AMA1, MSP2-3D7, MSP3, GLURP-R0, and GLURP-R2 but not for MSP119 and MSP2-FC27. Infants born to women with IgG3-H435 had a 32% lower risk of symptomatic malaria during infancy (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.68 [95% CI 0.51, 0.91], p = 0.01) compared to infants born to mothers homozygous for IgG3-R435. We did not find a lower risk of asymptomatic malaria in infants born to women with or without IgG3-H435. Limitations of the study were the inability to determine (i) the actual amount of IgG3-H435 relative to IgG-R435 in serum samples and (ii) the proportion of malaria-specific IgG produced by infants versus acquired from their mothers. CONCLUSIONS An arginine-to-histidine replacement at residue 435 in the binding domain of IgG3 to FcRn increases the transplacental transfer and half-life of malaria-specific IgG3 in young infants and is associated with reduced risk of clinical malaria during infancy. The IgG3-H435 allele may be under positive selection, given its relatively high frequency in malaria endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Dechavanne
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CD); (CLK)
| | - Sebastien Dechavanne
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ibrahim Sadissou
- Mère et Enfant Face aux Infections Tropicales, UMR 216, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Division of Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adjimon Gatien Lokossou
- Mère et Enfant Face aux Infections Tropicales, UMR 216, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée, Unité de Recherche Sciences Biomédicales et Environnement, École Polytechnique d’Abomey Calavi, Université d’Abomey Calavi, Abomey Calavi, Benin
| | - Fernanda Alvarado
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Magalie Dambrun
- Mère et Enfant Face aux Infections Tropicales, UMR 216, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kabirou Moutairou
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Cellulaires, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Abomey Calavi, Benin
| | - David Courtin
- Mère et Enfant Face aux Infections Tropicales, UMR 216, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gregory Nuel
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques Appliquées, UMR CNRS 8145, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Andre Garcia
- Mère et Enfant Face aux Infections Tropicales, UMR 216, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Florence Migot-Nabias
- Mère et Enfant Face aux Infections Tropicales, UMR 216, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Christopher L. King
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Research Service, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CD); (CLK)
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Bukrinski JT, Sønderby P, Antunes F, Andersen B, Schmidt EGW, Peters GHJ, Harris P. Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Conjugated to Recombinant Human Serum Albumin Variants with Modified Neonatal Fc Receptor Binding Properties. Impact on Molecular Structure and Half-Life. Biochemistry 2017; 56:4860-4870. [PMID: 28799326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a small incretin hormone stimulated by food intake, resulting in an amplification of the insulin response. Though GLP-1 is interesting as a drug candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, its short plasma half-life of <3 min limits its clinical use. A strategy for extending the half-life of GLP-1 utilizes the long half-life of human serum albumin (HSA) by combining the two via chemical conjugation or genetic fusion. HSA has a plasma half-life of around 21 days because of its interaction with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) expressed in endothelial cells of blood vessels, which rescues circulating HSA from lysosomal degradation. We have conjugated GLP-1 to C34 of native sequence recombinant HSA (rHSA) and two rHSA variants, one with increased and one with decreased binding affinity for human FcRn. We have investigated the impact of conjugation on FcRn binding affinities, GLP-1 potency, and pharmacokinetics, combined with the solution structure of the rHSA variants and GLP-1-albumin conjugates. The solution structures, determined by small-angle X-ray scattering, show the GLP-1 pointing away from the surface of rHSA. Combining the solution structures with the available structural information about the FcRn and GLP-1 receptor obtained from X-ray crystallography, we can explain the observed in vitro and in vivo behavior. We conclude that the conjugation of GLP-1 to rHSA does not affect the interaction between rHSA and FcRn, while the observed decrease in the potency of GLP-1 can be explained by a steric hindrance of binding of GLP-1 to its receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pernille Sønderby
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Filipa Antunes
- Albumedix Ltd. , Castle Court, 59 Castle Boulevard, Nottingham NG7 1FD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Günther H J Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pernille Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Devanaboyina SC, Khare P, Challa DK, Ober RJ, Ward ES. Engineered clearing agents for the selective depletion of antigen-specific antibodies. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15314. [PMID: 28561044 PMCID: PMC5460014 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we have designed a novel class of engineered antibody-based reagents (‘Seldegs') that induce the selective degradation of antigen-specific antibodies. We demonstrate the rapid and specific clearance of antibodies recognizing the autoantigen, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and tumour target, HER2. Seldegs have considerable potential in multiple areas, including the treatment of antibody-mediated autoimmunity and diagnostic imaging. The depletion of antigen-specific, deleterious antibodies during therapy and diagnosis remains an unsolved challenge. Here the authors develop ‘Seldegs', antigens linked to human Fc fragments with high affinity for the neonatal Fc receptor FcRn, to deplete MOG- and HER2-specific antibodies in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Charan Devanaboyina
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, 469 Joe H. Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, 1114 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.,Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, 3107 Medical Research &Education Building, 8447 State Highway 47, Bryan, Texas 77807, USA
| | - Priyanka Khare
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, 469 Joe H. Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, 1114 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.,Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, 3107 Medical Research &Education Building, 8447 State Highway 47, Bryan, Texas 77807, USA
| | - Dilip K Challa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, 469 Joe H. Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, 1114 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.,Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, 3107 Medical Research &Education Building, 8447 State Highway 47, Bryan, Texas 77807, USA
| | - Raimund J Ober
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, 469 Joe H. Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, 1114 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5045 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - E Sally Ward
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, 469 Joe H. Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, 1114 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.,Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, 3107 Medical Research &Education Building, 8447 State Highway 47, Bryan, Texas 77807, USA
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44
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Dambrun M, Dechavanne C, Emmanuel A, Aussenac F, Leduc M, Giangrande C, Vinh J, Dugoujon JM, Lefranc MP, Guillonneau F, Migot-Nabias F. Human Immunoglobulin Heavy Gamma Chain Polymorphisms: Molecular Confirmation Of Proteomic Assessment. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:824-839. [PMID: 28265047 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.064733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) proteins are known for the huge diversity of the variable domains of their heavy and light chains, aimed at protecting each individual against foreign antigens. The IgG also harbor specific polymorphism concentrated in the CH2 and CH3-CHS constant regions located on the Fc fragment of their heavy chains. But this individual particularity relies only on a few amino acids among which some could make accurate sequence determination a challenge for mass spectrometry-based techniques.The purpose of the study was to bring a molecular validation of proteomic results by the sequencing of encoding DNA fragments. It was performed using ten individual samples (DNA and sera) selected on the basis of their Gm (gamma marker) allotype polymorphism in order to cover the main immunoglobulin heavy gamma (IGHG) gene diversity. Gm allotypes, reflecting part of this diversity, were determined by a serological method. On its side, the IGH locus comprises four functional IGHG genes totalizing 34 alleles and encoding the four IgG subclasses. The genomic study focused on the nucleotide polymorphism of the CH2 and CH3-CHS exons and of the intron. Despite strong sequence identity, four pairs of specific gene amplification primers could be designed. Additional primers were identified to perform the subsequent sequencing. The nucleotide sequences obtained were first assigned to a specific IGHG gene, and then IGHG alleles were deduced using a home-made decision tree reading of the nucleotide sequences. IGHG amino acid (AA) alleles were determined by mass spectrometry. Identical results were found at 95% between alleles identified by proteomics and those deduced from genomics. These results validate the proteomic approach which could be used for diagnostic purposes, namely for a mother-and-child differential IGHG detection in a context of suspicion of congenital infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Dambrun
- From the ‡Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 216 Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales, Paris, France.,§COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,¶¶Magalie Dambrun, Célia Dechavanne and Alexandra Emmanuel contributed equally to this work
| | - Célia Dechavanne
- From the ‡Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 216 Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales, Paris, France.,§COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,¶¶Magalie Dambrun, Célia Dechavanne and Alexandra Emmanuel contributed equally to this work
| | - Alexandra Emmanuel
- From the ‡Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 216 Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales, Paris, France.,§COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,¶ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique (SMBP), CNRS USR 3149, Paris, France.,¶¶Magalie Dambrun, Célia Dechavanne and Alexandra Emmanuel contributed equally to this work
| | - Florentin Aussenac
- From the ‡Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 216 Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales, Paris, France.,§COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Marjorie Leduc
- ‖Plate-forme protéomique de l'Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Giangrande
- ¶ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique (SMBP), CNRS USR 3149, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Vinh
- ¶ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique (SMBP), CNRS USR 3149, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Dugoujon
- **Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, UMR 5288, CNRS et Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Paule Lefranc
- ‡‡IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system®, Laboratoire d'ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire, LIGM, Institut de Génétique Humaine, IGH, UMR 9002, CNRS et Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,§§Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - François Guillonneau
- ‖Plate-forme protéomique de l'Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,‖‖François Guillonneau and Florence Migot-Nabias contributed equally to this work
| | - Florence Migot-Nabias
- From the ‡Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 216 Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales, Paris, France; .,§COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,‖‖François Guillonneau and Florence Migot-Nabias contributed equally to this work
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45
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Portnoff AD, Gao C, Borrok MJ, Gao X, Gao C, Rainey GJ. An antidote approach to reduce risk and broaden utility of antibody-based therapeutics. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8498-8506. [PMID: 28258216 PMCID: PMC5437253 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.775528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody therapeutics offer effective treatment options for a broad range of diseases. One of the greatest benefits of antibody therapeutics is their extraordinarily long serum half-life, allowing infrequent dosing with long-lasting effects. A characteristic of antibodies that drives long half-life is the ability to interact with the recycling receptor, FcRn, in a pH-dependent manner. The benefit of long half-life, however, carries with it liabilities. Although the positive effects of antibody therapeutics are long-lasting, any acute adverse events or chronic negative impacts, such as immunosuppression in the face of an infection, are also long-lasting. Therefore, we sought to develop antibodies with a chemical handle that alone would enjoy the long half-life of normal antibodies but, upon addition of a small-molecule antidote, would interact with the chemical handle and inhibit the antibody recycling mechanism, thus leading to rapid degradation and shortened half-life in vivo Here we present a proof of concept study where we identify sites to incorporate a non-natural amino acid that can be chemically modified to modulate FcRn interaction in vitro and antibody half-life in vivo This is an important first step in developing safer therapeutics, and the next step will be development of technology that can perform the modifying chemistry in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cuihua Gao
- Departments of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering
| | - M Jack Borrok
- Departments of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering
| | - Xizhe Gao
- Translational Sciences, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Changshou Gao
- Departments of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering.
| | - G Jonah Rainey
- Departments of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering.
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46
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Wu LP, Ficker M, Mejlsøe SL, Hall A, Paolucci V, Christensen JB, Trohopoulos PN, Moghimi SM. Poly-(amidoamine) dendrimers with a precisely core positioned sulforhodamine B molecule for comparative biological tracing and profiling. J Control Release 2017; 246:88-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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47
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Heidl S, Ellinger I, Niederberger V, Waltl EE, Fuchs R. Localization of the human neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in human nasal epithelium. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:1557-1564. [PMID: 26634928 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The airway epithelium is a central player in the defense against pathogens including efficient mucociliary clearance and secretion of immunoglobulins, mainly polymeric IgA, but also IgG. Pulmonary administration of therapeutic antibodies on one hand, and intranasal immunization on the other, are powerful tools to treat airway infections. In either case, the airway epithelium is the primary site of antibody transfer. In various epithelia, bi-polar transcytosis of IgG and IgG immune complexes is mediated by the human neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn, but FcRn expression in the nasal epithelium had not been demonstrated, so far. We prepared affinity-purified antibodies against FcRn α-chain and confirmed their specificity by Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. These antibodies were used to study the localization of FcRn α-chain in fixed nasal tissue. We here demonstrate for the first time that ciliated epithelial cells, basal cells, gland cells, and endothelial cells in the underlying connective tissue express the receptor. A predominant basolateral steady state distribution of the receptor was observed in ciliated epithelial as well as in gland cells. Co-localization of FcRn α-chain with IgG or with early sorting endosomes (EEA1-positive) but not with late endosomes/lysosomes (LAMP-2-positive) in ciliated cells was observed. This is indicative for the presence of the receptor in the recycling/transcytotic pathway but not in compartments involved in lysosomal degradation supporting the role of FcRn in IgG transcytosis in the nasal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Heidl
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Ellinger
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva E Waltl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Fuchs
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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48
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TGEV infection up-regulates FcRn expression via activation of NF-κB signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32154. [PMID: 27555521 PMCID: PMC4995372 DOI: 10.1038/srep32154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well characterized that the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) transports maternal IgG to a fetus or newborn and protects IgG from degradation. We previously reported that FcRn is expressed in a model of normal porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). Transmissible gastroenteritis is an acute enteric disease of swine that is caused by transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). How porcine FcRn (pFcRn) expression is regulated by pathogenic infection remains unknown. Our research shows that IPEC-J2 cells infected with TGEV had up-regulated pFcRn expression. In addition, the NF-κB signaling pathway was activated in IPEC-J2 cells by TGEV infection. Furthermore, treatment of TGEV-infected IPEC-J2 cells with the NF-κB-specific inhibitor BAY 11-7082 resulted in down-regulation of pFcRn expression. Transient transfection of pFcRn promoter luciferase report plasmids with overexpression of NF-κB p65 transcription factor enhanced the activation of the luciferase report plasmids. We identified four NF-κB transcription factor binding sites in the promoter region of this gene using luciferase reporter system, chromatin immunoprecipitation, electromobility shift assay, and supershift analysis. Together, the data provide the first evidence that TGEV infection up-regulates pFcRn expression via activation of NF-κB signaling.
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49
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van Egmond M, Vidarsson G, Bakema JE. Cross-talk between pathogen recognizing Toll-like receptors and immunoglobulin Fc receptors in immunity. Immunol Rev 2016; 268:311-27. [PMID: 26497530 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The individual role of pathogen-binding Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and antibody-binding Fc receptors (FcRs) during pathogenic infections has been studied extensively. However, combined activation of these different receptor classes has received little attention, even though they are triggered simultaneously when immune cells bind antibody-opsonized pathogens. In the last few years, it has become evident that joined activation of TLRs and FcRs substantially tailors inflammatory immune responses, which is an efficient and controlled mechanism of the host to act upon invading pathogens. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of cross-talk between different TLRs and FcRs and the resulting inflammatory immune responses. Furthermore, we propose how chronic activation via this cross-talk might be detrimental in inflammatory (auto) immune diseases. We conclude with the potential exploitation of the interplay between TLRs and FcRs for monoclonal antibody therapy to target tumors. Future interests in this field of research include establishing a more detailed and mechanistic understanding of the mode of action of TLR and FcR cross-talk and exploration of its physiological importance in health and disease. This may furthermore open up novel therapeutic options for intervention in inflammatory diseases or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein van Egmond
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jantine E Bakema
- Tumor Biology Section, Department of Otolaryngology/Head-Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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50
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Challa DK, Mi W, Lo ST, Ober RJ, Ward ES. Antigen dynamics govern the induction of CD4 + T cell tolerance during autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2016; 72:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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