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Mikhailov N, Hämäläinen RH. Modulating Mitochondrial DNA Heteroplasmy with Mitochondrially Targeted Endonucleases. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:2627-2640. [PMID: 36001180 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-03051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria, mainly known as energy factories of eukaryotic cells, also exert several additional signaling and metabolic functions and are today recognized as major cellular biosynthetic and signaling hubs. Mitochondria possess their own genome (mitochondrial DNA-mtDNA), that encodes proteins essential for oxidative phosphorylation, and mutations in it are an important contributor to human disease. The mtDNA mutations often exist in heteroplasmic conditions, with both healthy and mutant versions of the mtDNA residing in patients' cells and the level of mutant mtDNA may vary between different tissues and organs and affect the clinical outcome of the disease. Thus, shifting the ratio between healthy and mutant mtDNA in patients' cells provides an intriguing therapeutic option for mtDNA diseases. In this review we describe current strategies for modulating mitochondrial heteroplasmy levels with engineered endonucleases including mitochondrially targeted TALENs and Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and discuss their therapeutic potential. These gene therapy tools could in the future provide therapeutic help both for patients with mitochondrial disease as well as in preventing the transfer of pathogenic mtDNA mutations from a mother to her offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Mikhailov
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riikka H Hämäläinen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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Xie Q, Wu H, Long H, Xiao C, Qiu J, Yu W, Jiang X, Liu J, Zhang S, Lyu Q, Suo L, Kuang Y. Secondary follicles enable efficient germline mtDNA base editing at hard-to-edit site. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102170. [PMID: 38560422 PMCID: PMC10979202 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Efficient germline mtDNA editing is required to construct disease-related animal models and future gene therapy. Recently, the DddA-derived cytosine base editors (DdCBEs) have made mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) precise editing possible. However, there still exist challenges for editing some mtDNA sites in germline via zygote injection, probably due to the suspended mtDNA replication during preimplantation development. Here, we introduce a germline mtDNA base editing strategy: injecting DdCBEs into oocytes of secondary follicles, at which stage mtDNA replicates actively. With this method, we successfully observed efficient G-to-A conversion at a hard-to-edit site and also obtained live animal models. In addition, for those editable sites, this strategy can greatly improve the base editing efficiency up to 3-fold, which is more than that in zygotes. More important, editing in secondary follicles did not increase more the risk of off-target effects than that in zygotes. This strategy provides an option to efficiently manipulate mtDNA sites in germline, especially for hard-to-edit sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xie
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hui Long
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Caiwen Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jiaxin Qiu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Weina Yu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xueyi Jiang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Junbo Liu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qifeng Lyu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Lun Suo
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yanping Kuang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
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Li X, Shang J, Li S, Wang Y. Identification of a Novel Mitochondrial tRNA Mutation in Chinese Family with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2024; 17:149-161. [PMID: 38645701 PMCID: PMC11032666 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s438978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) could be the origin of some type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cases, but the mechanism remained largely unknown. Aim The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a novel mitochondrial tRNACys/tRNATyr A5826G mutation on the development and progression of T2DM. Methods A four-generation Han Chinese family with maternally inherited diabetes underwent clinical, genetic and biochemical analyses. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations of three matrilineal relatives were screened by PCR-Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, to see whether m.A5826G mutations affected mitochondrial functions, the cybrid cell lines were derived from three subjects with m.A5826G mutation and three controls without this mutation. ATP was evaluated by luminescent cell viability assay, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by flow cytometry. The student's two-tailed, unpaired t-test was used to assess the statistical significance between the control and mutant results. Results The age at onset of diabetes in this pedigree varied from 40 to 63 years, with an average of 54 years. Mutational analysis of mitochondrial genomes revealed the presence of a novel m.A5826G mutation. Interestingly, the m.A5826G mutation occurred at the conjunction between tRNACys and tRNATyr, a very conserved position that was critical for tRNAs processing and functions. Using trans-mitochondrial cybrid cells, we found that mutant cells carrying the m.A5826G showed approximately 36.5% and 22.4% reductions in ATP and MMP, respectively. By contrast, mitochondrial ROS levels increased approximately 33.3%, as compared with the wild type cells. Conclusion A novel m.A5826G mutation was identified in a pedigree with T2DM, and this mutation would lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, the genetic spectrum of mitochondrial diabetes was expanded by including m.A5826G mutation in tRNACys/tRNATyr, our study provided novel insight into the molecular pathogenesis, early diagnosis, prevention and clinical treatment for mitochondrial diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Ordos Center Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolian, 017010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyao Shang
- Department of Endocrinology, Ordos Center Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolian, 017010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Ordos Center Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolian, 017010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Ordos Center Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolian, 017010, People’s Republic of China
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Sciorio R, Cariati F, Fleming S, Alviggi C. Exploring the Impact of Controlled Ovarian Stimulation and Non-Invasive Oocyte Assessment in ART Treatments. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1989. [PMID: 37895371 PMCID: PMC10608727 DOI: 10.3390/life13101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive and noninvasive features are normally applied to select developmentally competent oocytes and embryos that can increase the take-home baby rates in assisted reproductive technology. The noninvasive approach mainly applied to determine oocyte and embryo competence has been, since the early days of IVF, the morphological evaluation of the mature cumulus-oocyte complex at the time of pickup, first polar body, zona pellucida thickness, perivitelline space and cytoplasm appearance. Morphological evaluation of oocyte quality is one of the options used to predict successful fertilization, early embryo development, uterine implantation and the capacity of an embryo to generate a healthy pregnancy to term. Thus, this paper aims to provide an analytical revision of the current literature relating to the correlation between ovarian stimulation procedures and oocyte/embryo quality. In detail, several aspects of oocyte quality such as morphological features, oocyte competence and its surrounding environment will be discussed. In addition, the main noninvasive features as well as novel approaches to biomechanical parameters of oocytes that might be correlated with the competence of embryos to produce a healthy pregnancy and live birth will be illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romualdo Sciorio
- Fertility Medicine and Gynaecological Endocrinology Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Federica Cariati
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Steven Fleming
- Discipline of Anatomy & Histology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Carlo Alviggi
- Fertility Unit, Maternal-Child Department, AOU Policlinico Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology Institute (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Chang Y, Liu B, Jiang Y, Cao D, Liu Y, Li Y. Induce male sterility by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mitochondrial genome editing in tobacco. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:205. [PMID: 37335501 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing has become more and more popular in animal and plant systems following the emergence of CRISPR/Cas9 technology. However, target sequence modification by CRISPR/Cas9 has not been reported in the plant mitochondrial genome, mtDNA. In plants, a type of male sterility known as cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has been associated with certain mitochondrial genes, but few genes have been confirmed by direct mitochondrial gene-targeted modifications. Here, the CMS-associated gene (mtatp9) in tobacco was cleaved using mitoCRISPR/Cas9 with a mitochondrial localization signal. The male-sterile mutant, with aborted stamens, exhibited only 70% of the mtDNA copy number of the wild type and exhibited an altered percentage of heteroplasmic mtatp9 alleles; otherwise, the seed setting rate of the mutant flowers was zero. Transcriptomic analyses showed that glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism and the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, which are all related to aerobic respiration, were inhibited in stamens of the male-sterile gene-edited mutant. In addition, overexpression of the synonymous mutations dsmtatp9 could restore fertility to the male-sterile mutant. Our results strongly suggest that mutation of mtatp9 causes CMS and that mitoCRISPR/Cas9 can be used to modify the mitochondrial genome of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzi Chang
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Baolong Liu
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Qinghai University, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Dong Cao
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongju Liu
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Yun Li
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Munasinghe M, Ågren JA. When and why are mitochondria paternally inherited? Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 80:102053. [PMID: 37245242 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In contrast with nuclear genes that are passed on through both parents, mitochondrial genes are maternally inherited in most species, most of the time. The genetic conflict stemming from this transmission asymmetry is well-documented, and there is an abundance of population-genetic theory associated with it. While occasional or aberrant paternal inheritance occurs, there are only a few cases where exclusive paternal inheritance of mitochondrial genomes is the evolved state. Why this is remains poorly understood. By examining commonalities between species with exclusive paternal inheritance, we discuss what they may tell us about the evolutionary forces influencing mitochondrial inheritance patterns. We end by discussing recent technological advances that make exploring the causes and consequences of paternal inheritance feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Munasinghe
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA. https://twitter.com/@ManishaMuna
| | - J Arvid Ågren
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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McIlfatrick S, O’Leary S, Okada T, Penn A, Nguyen VHT, McKenny L, Huang SY, Andreas E, Finnie J, Kirkwood R, St. John JC. Does supplementation of oocytes with additional mtDNA influence developmental outcome? iScience 2023; 26:105956. [PMID: 36711242 PMCID: PMC9876745 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introducing extra mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into oocytes at fertilization can rescue poor quality oocytes. However, supplementation alters DNA methylation and gene expression profiles of preimplantation embryos. To determine if these alterations impacted offspring, we introduced mtDNA from failed-to-mature sister (autologous) or third party (heterologous) oocytes into mature oocytes and transferred zygotes into surrogates. Founders exhibited significantly greater daily weight gain (heterologous) and growth rates (heterologous and autologous) to controls. In weaners, cholesterol, bilirubin (heterologous and autologous), anion gap, and lymphocyte count (autologous) were elevated. In mature pigs, potassium (heterologous) and bicarbonate (autologous) were altered. mtDNA and imprinted gene analyses did not reveal aberrant profiles. Neither group exhibited gross anatomical, morphological, or histopathological differences that would lead to clinically significant lesions. Female founders were fertile and their offspring exhibited modified weight and height gain, biochemical, and hematological profiles. mtDNA supplementation induced minor differences that did not affect health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen McIlfatrick
- Mitochondrial Genetics Group, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sean O’Leary
- Mitochondrial Genetics Group, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Takashi Okada
- Mitochondrial Genetics Group, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Alexander Penn
- Mitochondrial Genetics Group, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Vy Hoang Thao Nguyen
- Mitochondrial Genetics Group, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Lisa McKenny
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Shang-Yu Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Eryk Andreas
- Mitochondrial Genetics Group, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - John Finnie
- University Veterinarian & AWO, Office of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Roy Kirkwood
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Justin C. St. John
- Mitochondrial Genetics Group, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia,Corresponding author
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Chuang TH, Chen CY, Kuan CS, Lai HH, Hsieh CL, Lee MJ, Liang YT, Chang YJ, Chen CY, Chen SU. Reduced mitochondrial DNA content correlate with poor clinical outcomes in cryotransfers with day 6 single euploid embryos. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1066530. [PMID: 36686452 PMCID: PMC9846089 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1066530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content of a single biopsy at trophoblast correlates with the developmental potential and reproductive outcomes of blastocyst. Methods A retrospective analysis applied the dataset of 1,675 embryos with preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) from 1,305 individuals, and 1,383 embryos involved cryotransfers of single euploid embryo between January 2015 and December 2019. The studied cohort was divided for algorithm establishment on the NGS platform (n=40), correlation of biological features (n=1,635), and correlation of reproductive outcomes (n=1,340). Of the algorithm derived from the NGS platform, the reliability and repeatability were validated via qPCR assay and inter-run controls, respectively. Of the correlation across biological features, stratification analyses were applied to evaluate the effect from a single contributor. Eventually, the correlation between the mtDNA ratios and reproductive outcomes was adjusted according to the significant effector(s). Results The mtDNA ratios showed statistically different between embryos with different days of blastocyst formation ([Day 5]: 1.06 vs. [Day 6]: 0.66, p=0.021), and between embryos with different expansion stages ([Expansion 5]: 1.05 vs. [Expansion 6]: 0.49, p=0.012). None or weakly correlated with the maternal age, morphology, ploidy, and gender. Analyzed by the different days of blastocyst formation with fixed expansion score as 5 in the euploid single embryo transfers (eSET), the day 6 eSET showed significantly lower reduced mtDNA ratio (n=139) in failure groups of fetal heartbeat (p=0.004), ongoing pregnancy (p=0.007), and live birth (p=0.01); however, no correlation between mtDNA ratios and pregnancy outcomes was observed in the day 5 eSET (n=1,201). Conclusions The study first demonstrated that mtDNA ratio was dependent on the days of blastocyst formation while expansion stage was fixed. Lower mtDNA ratios were observed in the day 6 eSET with adverse outcomes. The present stratification analyses reveal that the timeline of embryo is an important covariate to the mtDNA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsuan Chuang
- Stork Fertility Center, Stork Ladies Clinic, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Chen
- Stork Fertility Center, Stork Ladies Clinic, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sheng Kuan
- Stork Fertility Center, Stork Ladies Clinic, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Hua Lai
- Stork Fertility Center, Stork Ladies Clinic, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Hsieh
- Stork Fertility Center, Stork Ladies Clinic, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ju Lee
- Stork Fertility Center, Stork Ladies Clinic, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Liang
- Stork Fertility Center, Stork Ladies Clinic, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chang
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Chen
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shee-Uan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Korchivaia E, Silaeva Y, Mazunin I, Volodyaev I. The mitochondrial challenge: Disorders and prevention strategies. Biosystems 2023; 223:104819. [PMID: 36450320 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2022.104819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This short review provides basic knowledge on mitochondrial inheritance, its disorders, and potential ways to overcome them in human reproductive medicine. The latter are currently mostly associated with the so-called mitochondrial replacement (nuclear transfer) procedures, performed at different stages and with slight technical differences. Being promising but obviously highly invasive, these procedures require detailed investigation of their delayed effects on embryogenesis, pregnancy and future health. A special attention is paid to the newest available data on these issues, as well as to their limitations and possible further research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Korchivaia
- Department of Embryology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yulia Silaeva
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Mazunin
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Skolkovo, Russia; Fomin Clinics, Russia; Medical Genomics LLC, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Volodyaev
- Department of Embryology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; European Medical Center, Moscow, Russia; ICARM (Interdisciplinary Clinical Association for Reproductive Medicine), Moscow, Russia
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Barberet J, Ducreux B, Bruno C, Guilleman M, Simonot R, Lieury N, Guilloteau A, Bourc’his D, Fauque P. Comparison of oocyte vitrification using a semi-automated or a manual closed system in human siblings: survival and transcriptomic analyses. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:128. [PMID: 36464714 PMCID: PMC9720994 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indications of oocyte vitrification increased substantially over the last decades for clinical and ethical reasons. A semi-automated vitrification system was recently developed making each act of vitrification reproducible. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of the semi-automated technique of oocyte vitrification by survival rate, morphometric assessment and resistance to empty micro-injection gesture as compared with a manual method. Additionally, we intended to evaluate transcriptomic consequences of both techniques using single-cell RNA-seq technology. RESULTS Post-warming survival rate, oocyte surfaces and resistance to empty micro-injection were comparable between semi-automated and manual vitrification groups. Both oocyte vitrification techniques showed limited differences in the resulting transcriptomic profile of sibling oocytes since only 5 differentially expressed genes were identified. Additionally, there was no difference in median transcript integrity number or percentage of mitochondrial DNA between the two groups. However, a total of 108 genes were differentially expressed between fresh and vitrified oocytes (FDR < 0.05) and showed over-represented of genes related to important cellular process. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide reassurance about the influence of semi-automation as compared with the manual vitrification method. Concerning oocyte vitrification itself, no tight common transcriptomic signature associated has been observed across studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03570073.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Barberet
- grid.493090.70000 0004 4910 6615Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté - Equipe Génétique des Anomalies du Développement (GAD) INSERM UMR1231, 2 Rue Angélique Ducoudray, F-21000 Dijon, France ,grid.31151.37CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction – CECOS, 14 rue Gaffarel, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Bastien Ducreux
- grid.493090.70000 0004 4910 6615Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté - Equipe Génétique des Anomalies du Développement (GAD) INSERM UMR1231, 2 Rue Angélique Ducoudray, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Céline Bruno
- grid.493090.70000 0004 4910 6615Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté - Equipe Génétique des Anomalies du Développement (GAD) INSERM UMR1231, 2 Rue Angélique Ducoudray, F-21000 Dijon, France ,grid.31151.37CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction – CECOS, 14 rue Gaffarel, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Magali Guilleman
- grid.493090.70000 0004 4910 6615Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté - Equipe Génétique des Anomalies du Développement (GAD) INSERM UMR1231, 2 Rue Angélique Ducoudray, F-21000 Dijon, France ,grid.31151.37CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction – CECOS, 14 rue Gaffarel, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Raymond Simonot
- grid.31151.37CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction – CECOS, 14 rue Gaffarel, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Nicolas Lieury
- grid.31151.37CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction – CECOS, 14 rue Gaffarel, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Adrien Guilloteau
- grid.31151.37USMR, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Déborah Bourc’his
- Institut Curie, PSL University, CNRS, INSERM, 26 rue d’Ulm, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Patricia Fauque
- grid.493090.70000 0004 4910 6615Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté - Equipe Génétique des Anomalies du Développement (GAD) INSERM UMR1231, 2 Rue Angélique Ducoudray, F-21000 Dijon, France ,grid.31151.37CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction – CECOS, 14 rue Gaffarel, F-21000 Dijon, France ,grid.31151.37Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, CHU Dijon, BP 77908, 14, rue Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
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11
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Tucker EJ, Baker MJ, Hock DH, Warren JT, Jaillard S, Bell KM, Sreenivasan R, Bakhshalizadeh S, Hanna CA, Caruana NJ, Wortmann SB, Rahman S, Pitceathly RDS, Donadieu J, Alimi A, Launay V, Coppo P, Christin-Maitre S, Robevska G, van den Bergen J, Kline BL, Ayers KL, Stewart PN, Stroud DA, Stojanovski D, Sinclair AH. Premature Ovarian Insufficiency in CLPB Deficiency: Transcriptomic, Proteomic and Phenotypic Insights. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:3328-3340. [PMID: 36074910 PMCID: PMC9693831 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a common form of female infertility that usually presents as an isolated condition but can be part of various genetic syndromes. Early diagnosis and treatment of POI can minimize comorbidity and improve health outcomes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the genetic cause of syndromic POI, intellectual disability, neutropenia, and cataracts. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) followed by functional validation via RT-PCR, RNAseq, and quantitative proteomics, as well as clinical update of previously reported patients with variants in the caseinolytic peptidase B (CLPB) gene. RESULTS We identified causative variants in CLPB, encoding a mitochondrial disaggregase. Variants in this gene are known to cause an autosomal recessive syndrome involving 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, neurological dysfunction, cataracts, and neutropenia that is often fatal in childhood; however, there is likely a reporting bias toward severe cases. Using RNAseq and quantitative proteomics we validated causation and gained insight into genotype:phenotype correlation. Clinical follow-up of patients with CLPB deficiency who survived to adulthood identified POI and infertility as a common postpubertal ailment. CONCLUSION A novel splicing variant is associated with CLPB deficiency in an individual who survived to adulthood. POI is a common feature of postpubertal female individuals with CLPB deficiency. Patients with CLPB deficiency should be referred to pediatric gynecologists/endocrinologists for prompt POI diagnosis and hormone replacement therapy to minimize associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena J Tucker
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Megan J Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Daniella H Hock
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Julia T Warren
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sylvie Jaillard
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
- CHU Rennes, Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, F-35033 Rennes, France
| | - Katrina M Bell
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rajini Sreenivasan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Shabnam Bakhshalizadeh
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Chloe A Hanna
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Gynaecology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Nikeisha J Caruana
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 3011, Australia
| | - Saskia B Wortmann
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg 5020, Austria
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen 6524, The Netherlands
| | - Shamima Rahman
- Mitochondrial Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Robert D S Pitceathly
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jean Donadieu
- Sorbonne Université, Service d’Hémato-oncologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Trousseau, Paris 75006, France
- Registre Français des Neutropénies Congénitales, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris 75006, France
- Centre de Référence des Neutropénies Chroniques, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris 75006, France
| | - Aurelia Alimi
- Sorbonne Université, Service d’Hémato-oncologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Trousseau, Paris 75006, France
- Registre Français des Neutropénies Congénitales, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris 75006, France
- Centre de Référence des Neutropénies Chroniques, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris 75006, France
| | - Vincent Launay
- Hematologie, Centre Hospitalier de St Brieuc, Paris 22027, France
| | - Paul Coppo
- Sorbonne Université, Service d’hématologie Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris75006, France
| | - Sophie Christin-Maitre
- Sorbonne Université, Service d’Endocrinologie, diabétologie et médecine de la reproduction Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris75006, France
| | - Gorjana Robevska
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jocelyn van den Bergen
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Brianna L Kline
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Katie L Ayers
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Phoebe N Stewart
- Department of Paediatrics, The Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - David A Stroud
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew H Sinclair
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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12
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Chen YY, Chen S, Ok K, Duncan FE, O’Halloran TV, Woodruff TK. Zinc dynamics regulate early ovarian follicle development. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102731. [PMID: 36423685 PMCID: PMC9800340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc fluctuations regulate key steps in late oocyte and preimplantation embryo development; however, roles for zinc in preceding stages in early ovarian follicle development, when cooperative interactions exist between the oocyte and somatic cells, are unknown. To understand the roles of zinc during early follicle development, we applied single cell X-ray fluorescence microscopy, a radioactive zinc tracer, and a labile zinc probe to measure zinc in individual mouse oocytes and associated somatic cells within early follicles. Here, we report a significant stage-specific increase and compartmental redistribution in oocyte zinc content upon the initiation of early follicle growth. The increase in zinc correlates with the increased expression of specific zinc transporters, including two that are essential in oocyte maturation. While oocytes in follicles exhibit high tolerance to pronounced changes in zinc availability, somatic survival and proliferation are significantly more sensitive to zinc chelation or supplementation. Finally, transcriptomic, proteomic, and zinc loading analyses reveal enrichment of zinc targets in the ubiquitination pathway. Overall, these results demonstrate that distinct cell type-specific zinc regulations are required for follicle growth and indicate that physiological fluctuation in the localization and availability of this inorganic cofactor has fundamental functions in early gamete development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Si Chen
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - Kiwon Ok
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Francesca E. Duncan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas V. O’Halloran
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA,Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA,The Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA,For correspondence: Thomas V. O’Halloran; Teresa K. Woodruff
| | - Teresa K. Woodruff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA,For correspondence: Thomas V. O’Halloran; Teresa K. Woodruff
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13
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Battle SL, Puiu D, Verlouw J, Broer L, Boerwinkle E, Taylor KD, Rotter JI, Rich SS, Grove ML, Pankratz N, Fetterman JL, Liu C, Arking D. A bioinformatics pipeline for estimating mitochondrial DNA copy number and heteroplasmy levels from whole genome sequencing data. NAR Genom Bioinform 2022; 4:lqac034. [PMID: 35591888 PMCID: PMC9112767 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders that can be caused by mutations in the nuclear or mitochondrial genome. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants may exist in a state of heteroplasmy, where a percentage of DNA molecules harbor a variant, or homoplasmy, where all DNA molecules have the same variant. The relative quantity of mtDNA in a cell, or copy number (mtDNA-CN), is associated with mitochondrial function, human disease, and mortality. To facilitate accurate identification of heteroplasmy and quantify mtDNA-CN, we built a bioinformatics pipeline that takes whole genome sequencing data and outputs mitochondrial variants, and mtDNA-CN. We incorporate variant annotations to facilitate determination of variant significance. Our pipeline yields uniform coverage by remapping to a circularized chrM and by recovering reads falsely mapped to nuclear-encoded mitochondrial sequences. Notably, we construct a consensus chrM sequence for each sample and recall heteroplasmy against the sample's unique mitochondrial genome. We observe an approximately 3-fold increased association with age for heteroplasmic variants in non-homopolymer regions and, are better able to capture genetic variation in the D-loop of chrM compared to existing software. Our bioinformatics pipeline more accurately captures features of mitochondrial genetics than existing pipelines that are important in understanding how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Battle
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniela Puiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Joost Verlouw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Broer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Stephan S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Megan L Grove
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jessica L Fetterman
- Evans Department of Medicine and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Framingham Heart Study, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Arbeithuber B, Cremona MA, Hester J, Barrett A, Higgins B, Anthony K, Chiaromonte F, Diaz FJ, Makova KD. Advanced age increases frequencies of de novo mitochondrial mutations in macaque oocytes and somatic tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118740119. [PMID: 35394879 PMCID: PMC9169796 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118740119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contribute to multiple diseases. However, how new mtDNA mutations arise and accumulate with age remains understudied because of the high error rates of current sequencing technologies. Duplex sequencing reduces error rates by several orders of magnitude via independently tagging and analyzing each of the two template DNA strands. Here, using duplex sequencing, we obtained high-quality mtDNA sequences for somatic tissues (liver and skeletal muscle) and single oocytes of 30 unrelated rhesus macaques, from 1 to 23 y of age. Sequencing single oocytes minimized effects of natural selection on germline mutations. In total, we identified 17,637 tissue-specific de novo mutations. Their frequency increased ∼3.5-fold in liver and ∼2.8-fold in muscle over the ∼20 y assessed. Mutation frequency in oocytes increased ∼2.5-fold until the age of 9 y, but did not increase after that, suggesting that oocytes of older animals maintain the quality of their mtDNA. We found the light-strand origin of replication (OriL) to be a hotspot for mutation accumulation with aging in liver. Indeed, the 33-nucleotide-long OriL harbored 12 variant hotspots, 10 of which likely disrupt its hairpin structure and affect replication efficiency. Moreover, in somatic tissues, protein-coding variants were subject to positive selection (potentially mitigating toxic effects of mitochondrial activity), the strength of which increased with the number of macaques harboring variants. Our work illuminates the origins and accumulation of somatic and germline mtDNA mutations with aging in primates and has implications for delayed reproduction in modern human societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Arbeithuber
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Experimental Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Kepler University Hospital Linz, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Marzia A. Cremona
- Department of Operations and Decision Systems, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V4G2, Canada
- Center for Medical Genomics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - James Hester
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Alison Barrett
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Bonnie Higgins
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Kate Anthony
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Francesca Chiaromonte
- Center for Medical Genomics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Institute of Economics and EMbeDS, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Francisco J. Diaz
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Kateryna D. Makova
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Center for Medical Genomics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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15
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Guo J, Chen X, Liu Z, Sun H, Zhou Y, Dai Y, Ma Y, He L, Qian X, Wang J, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Shen B, Zhou F. DdCBE mediates efficient and inheritable modifications in mouse mitochondrial genome. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:73-80. [PMID: 34938607 PMCID: PMC8646052 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Critical mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) generally lead to maternally inheritable diseases that affect multiple organs and systems; however, it was difficult to alter mtDNA in mammalian cells to intervene in or cure mitochondrial disorders. Recently, the discovery of DddA-derived cytosine base editor (DdCBE) enabled the precise manipulation of mtDNA. To test its feasibility for in vivo use, we selected several sites in mouse mtDNA as DdCBE targets to resemble the human pathogenic mtDNA G-to-A mutations. The efficiency of DdCBE-mediated mtDNA editing was first screened in mouse Neuro-2A cells and DdCBE pairs with the best performance were chosen for in vivo targeting. Microinjection of the mRNAs of DdCBE halves in the mouse zygotes or 2-cell embryo successfully generated edited founder mice with a base conversion rate ranging from 2.48% to 28.51%. When backcrossed with wild-type male mice, female founders were able to transmit the mutations to their offspring with different mutation loads. Off-target analyses demonstrated a high fidelity for DdCBE-mediated base editing in mouse mtDNA both in vitro and in vivo. Our study demonstrated that the DdCBE is feasible for generation of mtDNA mutation models to facilitate disease study and for potential treatment of mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaoxu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yichen Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yu'e Ma
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lei He
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xuezhen Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jianying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yichen Zhu
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Bin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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16
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Qi X, Chen X, Guo J, Zhang X, Sun H, Wang J, Qian X, Li B, Tan L, Yu L, Chen W, Zhang L, Ma Y, Shen B. Precision modeling of mitochondrial disease in rats via DdCBE-mediated mtDNA editing. Cell Discov 2021; 7:95. [PMID: 34663794 PMCID: PMC8523528 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuezhen Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing, China
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing, China.,Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanwu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing, China. .,Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Bin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Colnaghi M, Pomiankowski A, Lane N. The need for high-quality oocyte mitochondria at extreme ploidy dictates mammalian germline development. eLife 2021; 10:69344. [PMID: 34279226 PMCID: PMC8337077 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection against deleterious mitochondrial mutations is facilitated by germline processes, lowering the risk of genetic diseases. How selection works is disputed: experimental data are conflicting and previous modeling work has not clarified the issues; here, we develop computational and evolutionary models that compare the outcome of selection at the level of individuals, cells and mitochondria. Using realistic de novo mutation rates and germline development parameters from mouse and humans, the evolutionary model predicts the observed prevalence of mitochondrial mutations and diseases in human populations. We show the importance of organelle-level selection, seen in the selective pooling of mitochondria into the Balbiani body, in achieving high-quality mitochondria at extreme ploidy in mature oocytes. Alternative mechanisms debated in the literature, bottlenecks and follicular atresia, are unlikely to account for the clinical data, because neither process effectively eliminates mitochondrial mutations under realistic conditions. Our findings explain the major features of female germline architecture, notably the longstanding paradox of over-proliferation of primordial germ cells followed by massive loss. The near-universality of these processes across animal taxa makes sense in light of the need to maintain mitochondrial quality at extreme ploidy in mature oocytes, in the absence of sex and recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colnaghi
- CoMPLEX, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Pomiankowski
- CoMPLEX, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Lane
- CoMPLEX, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Jin X, Wang K, Wang L, Liu W, Zhang C, Qiu Y, Liu W, Zhang H, Zhang D, Yang Z, Wu T, Li J. RAB7 activity is required for the regulation of mitophagy in oocyte meiosis and oocyte quality control during ovarian aging. Autophagy 2021; 18:643-660. [PMID: 34229552 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1946739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that mitophagy, a specialized form of autophagy to degrade and clear long-lived or damaged mitochondria, is impaired in aging and age-related disease. Previous study has demonstrated the obesity-exposed oocytes accumulate and transmit damaged mitochondria due to an inability to activate mitophagy. However, it remains unknown whether mitophagy functions in oocyte and what's the regulatory mechanism in oocyte aging. In the study, when fully grown oocytes were treated with CCCP, an uncoupling agent to induce mitophagy, we found the activation of the PRKN-mediated mitophagy pathway accompanied the blockage of meiosis at metaphase I stage. Our result then demonstrated its association with the decreased activity of RAB7 and all the observed defects in CCCP treated oocytes could be effectively rescued by microinjection of mRNA encoding active RAB7Q67L or treatment with the RAB7 activator ML098. Further study indicated PRKN protein level as a rate-limiting factor to facilitate degradation of RAB7 and its GEF (guanine nucleotide exchange factor) complex CCZ1-MON1 through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In GV oocytes collected during ovarian aging, we found the age-related increase of PINK1 and PRKN proteins and a significant decrease of RAB7 which resulted in defects of mitophagosome formation and the accumulation of damaged mitochondria. The age-related retardation of female fertility was improved after in vivo treatment of ML098. Thus, RAB7 activity is required to maintain the balance between mitophagy and chromosome stability and RAB7 activator is a good candidate to ameliorate age-related deterioration of oocyte quality.Abbreviations: ATG9: autophagy related 9A; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone; CCZ1: CCZ1 vacuolar protein trafficking and biogenesis associated; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GAPs: GTPase-activating proteins; GEF: guanine nucleotide exchange factor; GV: germinal vesicle; GVBD: germinal vesicle breakdown; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; MI: metaphase I stage of meiosis; MII: metaphase II stage of meiosis; Mito: MitoTracker; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; MON1: MON1 homolog, secretory trafficking associated; OPTN: optineurin; PINK1: PTEN induced putative kinase 1; PRKN: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; RAB7: RAB7, member RAS oncogene family; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TOMM20/TOM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; TUBB: tubulin, beta; UB: ubiquitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kehan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuexin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhixia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tinghe Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institutes of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Cowell W, Brunst K, Colicino E, Zhang L, Zhang X, Bloomquist TR, Baccarelli AA, Wright RJ. Placental mitochondrial DNA mutational load and perinatal outcomes: Findings from a multi-ethnic pregnancy cohort. Mitochondrion 2021; 59:267-275. [PMID: 34102325 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria fuel placental activity, with mitochondrial dysfunction implicated in several perinatal complications. We investigated placental mtDNA mutational load using NextGen sequencing in relation to birthweight and gestational length among 358 mother-newborn pairs. We found that higher heteroplasmy, especially in the hypervariable displacement loop region, was associated with shorter gestational length. Results were similar among male and female pregnancies, but stronger in magnitude among females. With regard to growth, we observed that higher mutational load was associated with lower birthweight-for-gestational age (BWGA) among females, but higher BWGA among males. These findings support potential sex-differential fetal biological strategies for coping with increased heteroplasmies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Cowell
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Kelly Brunst
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Tessa R Bloomquist
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Kravis Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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20
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Zhang Q, Ji H, Shi J, Wang L, Ding L, Jiang Y, Huang X, Qiu P, Li P. Digital PCR Detection of mtDNA/gDNA Ratio in Embryo Culture Medium for Prediction of Embryo Development Potential. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2021; 14:521-531. [PMID: 33958889 PMCID: PMC8096441 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s304747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The ratio of mitochondrial DNA to genomic DNA (mtDNA/gDNA) in embryo culture medium as a predictor of embryonic development is a new method of noninvasive embryo screening. However, current tests based on this concept have proven inconsistent. The aim of this study was to define the predictive value of the ratio of mtDNA/gDNA for embryonic developmental potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used digital PCR to measure mtDNA/gDNA ratios in day 3 culture media of 223 embryos from 56 patients. We compared the relationship between the predictive value of mtDNA/gDNA ratio and each of embryo fragmentation, embryo morphological grade, and blastocyst formation. RESULTS mtDNA/gDNA ratio decreased significantly with a decrease in embryo rating: 22.54 (44.66); 31.25 (36.97) and 46.33 (57.11); Grades A vs C, P = 0.006; B vs C, P = 0.015. mtDNA/gDNA ratio increased overall with an increase in embryo fragment content but did not differ significantly between high-, -medium, and poor-quality embryos. Interestingly, this trend differed from that of the unformed blastocysts. mtDNA/gDNA ratio of cleavage stage embryos forming blastocysts was lower (P=0.005). Trends of mtDNA/gDNA ratio differed according to inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) levels, but not significantly. mtDNA/gDNA ratio in day 3 culture medium was not significantly improved over morphological scores. CONCLUSION We hereby show the correlation of mtDNA/gDNA ratio in the culture medium of developing embryos. The correlation between the mtDNA/gDNA ratio and early embryonic development was controversial. Furthermore, an increase in mtDNA/gDNA ratio might indicate reduced development potential, but the difference remains insufficient for application as a clinical predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longmei Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufei Jiang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianjing Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingping Qiu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Lan Y, Zhang S, Gong F, Lu C, Lin G, Hu L. The mitochondrial DNA copy number of cumulus granulosa cells may be related to the maturity of oocyte cytoplasm. Hum Reprod 2021; 35:1120-1129. [PMID: 32358599 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number of cumulus granulosa cells (CGCs) related to the maturation of oocyte cytoplasm? SUMMARY ANSWER Compared with the mtDNA copy number of CGCs from germinal vesicles (GV), CGCs from Metaphase I (MI) oocytes appear to have a lower mtDNA copy number. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The growth and development of CGCs and oocyte are synchronised. The interaction between CGCs and the oocyte provides the appropriate balance of energy, which is necessary for mammalian oocyte development. Moreover, in the oocyte-cumulus complex (OCC), mature oocytes with higher mtDNA copy numbers tend to have corresponding CGCs with higher mtDNA copy numbers. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This is a prospective study of 302 OCCs obtained from 70 women undergoing in vitro fertilisation with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) at the Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, between 24 February 2018 and 21 December 2019. The CGCs were divided into three groups (GV, MI and MII stages) based on the maturation status of their corresponding oocyte. The sample sizes (n = 302) of CGCs in the three stages were 63 (CGCGV), 70 (CGCMI) and 169 (CGCMII), respectively. Some of the samples (n = 257) was used to quantify the mtDNA copy number, while the rest (n = 45) were used to analyse the expression level of mitochondrial genes. Furthermore, we retrieved 82 immature oocytes from among the 257 OCCs used for mtDNA copy numbers, including 36 GV oocytes and 46 MI oocytes, for analysis of oocyte mtDNA. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We selected genes with high consistency of real-time PCR results to accurately measure the mtDNA copy number by testing the efficacy and the reproducibility in whole genome amplification (WGA) samples from a human embryonic stem cell line. The CGCs of each oocyte were individually isolated. The mtDNA copy number and gene expression of the CGCs were assessed using real-time PCR techniques. Mitochondrial DNA copy number of the corresponding immature oocytes was also evaluated. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE MT-ND1, MT-CO1 and β-globin genes were chosen for the assessment of mtDNA content, and mRNA expressions of MT-ND1, MT-CO1, PGC-1α and TFAM were also measured. The genome of 257 CGCs and 82 immature oocytes were amplified according to the multiple displacement amplification (MDA) protocol, and RNA was extracted from 45 CGCs. Compared with CGCGV, CGCMI had a significantly lower mtDNA copy number. In the MT-ND1 assay, the CGCGV: CGCMI was [270 ± 302]: [134 ± 201], P = 0.015. In the MT-CO1 assay, CGCGV: CGCMI was [205 ± 228]: [92 ± 112], P = 0.026. There was no statistical difference in mtDNA between CGCGV and CGCMII. In the MT-ND1 assay, CGCGV: CGCMII was [270 ± 302]: [175 ± 223], P = 0.074. In the MT-CO1 assay, CGCGV: CGCMII was [205 ± 228]: [119 ± 192], P = 0.077. No statistical difference of mtDNA copy number was observed between CGCMI and CGCMII. In the MT-ND1 assay, CGCMI: CGCMII was [134 ± 201]: [175 ± 223], P = 0.422. In the MT-CO1 assay, CGCMI: CGCMII was [92 ± 112]: [119 ± 192], P = 0.478. To verify the reliability of the above results, we further analysed the mtDNA copy number of CGCs of 14 patients with GV, MI and MII oocytes, and the results showed that the mtDNA copy number of CGCMI may be lower. The mtDNA copy number of CGCGV and CGCMI was statistically different in the MT-ND1 assay where CGCGV: CGCMI was [249 ± 173]: [118 ± 113], P = 0.016, but in the MT-CO1 assay, CGCGV: CGCMI was [208 ± 199]: [83 ± 98], P = 0.109. There was no significant difference in mtDNA between CGCGV and CGCMII. In the MT-ND1 assay, CGCGV: CGCMII was [249 ± 173]: [185 ± 200], P = 0.096. In the MT-CO1 assay, CGCGV: CGCMII was [208 ± 199]: [114 ± 139], P = 0.096. There was also no significant difference in mtDNA between CGCMI and CGCMII. In the MT-ND1 assay, CGCMI: CGCMII was [118 ± 113]: [185 ± 200], P = 0.198. In the MT-CO1 assay, CGCMI: CGCMII was [83 ± 98]: [114 ± 139], P = 0.470. Moreover, there were no statistical differences in the expression levels of MT-ND1, MT-CO1, PGC-1α and TFAM between CGCGV, CGCMI and CGCMII (P > 0.05). LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Due to the ethical issues, the study did not quantify the mtDNA content of MII oocytes. Thus, whether the change in mtDNA copy number in CGCs is related to the different developmental stages of oocytes has not been further confirmed. Moreover, the sample size was relatively small. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The mtDNA copy number of CGCs decreases from the GV phase to the MI phase and stays steady from the MI to MII stage. At different stages of oocyte maturation, the mtDNA of CGCs may undergo self-degradation and replication to meet the energy requirements of the corresponding oocyte and the maturation of the oocyte cytoplasm. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Funding was provided by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant 2018YFC1003100, to L.H.), the science and technology major project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Hunan Province, China (grant 2017SK1030, to G.L.), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 81873478, to L.H.), and Merck Serono China Research Fund for Fertility Experts (to L.H.). There is no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyun Lan
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Shuoping Zhang
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center For Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Gong
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering (Central South University), Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center For Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Changfu Lu
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering (Central South University), Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center For Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, Hunan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering (Central South University), Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center For Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, Hunan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering (Central South University), Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center For Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Aoki S, Ito J, Hara S, Shirasuna K, Iwata H. Effect of maternal aging and vitrification on mitochondrial DNA copy number in embryos and spent culture medium. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100506. [PMID: 33906097 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternal aging and vitrification affect mitochondrial quality and quantity in embryos. The present study investigated the effects of maternal aging on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in embryos, and the amount of cell-free mtDNA (cf-mtDNA) in spent culture medium (SCM) of embryos. Moreover, we examined the effects of vitrification on mtDNA copy number in embryos of young and aged cows, and on cf-mtDNA abundance in SCM. Oocytes collected from ovaries of young (20-40 months old) and aged cows (> 140 months old) were used to produce early stage embryos (8-12 cell-stage, 48 h after insemination). These embryos were individually cultured for 5 days, and mtDNA copy number in blastocysts and cf-mtDNA content in SCM, were evaluated by real-time PCR. At 48 h post-insemination, mtDNA copy number in embryos was greater for young cows compared with that of aged cows, whereas no significant difference was observed in cf-mtDNA in the SCM. Next, we addressed whether zona pellucida (ZP) may mask the difference in cf-mtDNA content in SCM. Using ZP-free embryos, we found significantly greater cf-mtDNA content in the SCM of blastocysts derived from aged cows. Furthermore, when embryos were vitrified and warmed, mtDNA copy number in blastocysts derived from young cows was lower, whereas cf-mtDNA content in SCM was greater than in those derived from aged cows. In conclusion, maternal aging affects mitochondrial kinetics and copy number in embryos following vitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogo Aoki
- Tokyo University of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Funakon, 1737, Atsugi City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Ito
- Tokyo University of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Funakon, 1737, Atsugi City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Hara
- Tokyo University of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Funakon, 1737, Atsugi City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koumei Shirasuna
- Tokyo University of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Funakon, 1737, Atsugi City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hisataka Iwata
- Tokyo University of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Funakon, 1737, Atsugi City, Kanagawa, Japan.
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23
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Ullah H, Di Minno A, Santarcangelo C, Khan H, Daglia M. Improvement of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction by β-Caryophyllene: A Focus on the Nervous System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040546. [PMID: 33915950 PMCID: PMC8066981 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction results in a series of defective cellular events, including decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) output, and altered proteastasis and cellular quality control. An enhanced output of ROS may damage mitochondrial components, such as mitochondrial DNA and elements of the electron transport chain, resulting in the loss of proper electrochemical gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane and an ensuing shutdown of mitochondrial energy production. Neurons have an increased demand for ATP and oxygen, and thus are more prone to damage induced by mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction, damaged electron transport chains, altered membrane permeability and Ca2+ homeostasis, and impaired mitochondrial defense systems induced by oxidative stress, are pathological changes involved in neurodegenerative disorders. A growing body of evidence suggests that the use of antioxidants could stabilize mitochondria and thus may be suitable for preventing neuronal loss. Numerous natural products exhibit the potential to counter oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction; however, science is still looking for a breakthrough in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. β-caryophyllene is a bicyclic sesquiterpene, and an active principle of essential oils derived from a large number of spices and food plants. As a selective cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonist, several studies have reported it as possessing numerous pharmacological activities such as antibacterial (e.g., Helicobacter pylori), antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic (e.g., neuropathic pain), anti-neurodegenerative and anticancer properties. The present review mainly focuses on the potential of β-caryophyllene in reducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, and its possible links with neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (A.D.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (A.D.M.); (C.S.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Santarcangelo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (A.D.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; or
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (A.D.M.); (C.S.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence:
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24
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Zakirova EG, Muzyka VV, Mazunin IO, Orishchenko KE. Natural and Artificial Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Genome Elimination. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020076. [PMID: 33498399 PMCID: PMC7909434 DOI: 10.3390/life11020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The generally accepted theory of the genetic drift of mitochondrial alleles during mammalian ontogenesis is based on the presence of a selective bottleneck in the female germline. However, there is a variety of different theories on the pathways of genetic regulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) dynamics in oogenesis and adult somatic cells. The current review summarizes present knowledge on the natural mechanisms of mitochondrial genome elimination during mammalian development. We also discuss the variety of existing and developing methodologies for artificial manipulation of the mtDNA heteroplasmy level. Understanding of the basics of mtDNA dynamics will shed the light on the pathogenesis and potential therapies of human diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira G. Zakirova
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.G.Z.); (V.V.M.)
| | - Vladimir V. Muzyka
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.G.Z.); (V.V.M.)
- Department of Genetic Technologies, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ilya O. Mazunin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143026 Skolkovo, Russia;
| | - Konstantin E. Orishchenko
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.G.Z.); (V.V.M.)
- Department of Genetic Technologies, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Noohi F, Li M, Joly Y. Clinical translation of mitochondrial replacement therapy in Canada: a qualitative study of stakeholders’ attitudes. Facets (Ott) 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2020-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) in Canada is considered a criminal offense according to article 5(1)(f) of the Assisted Human Reproduction Act (AHRA) (2004). The Act prohibits any practice that modifies the genome of “a human being or in vitro embryo such that the alteration is capable of being transmitted to descendants.” We carried out 32 semi-structured interviews with clinicians, researchers, patient groups, egg donors, and members of the public to explore their attitudes toward the clinical implementation of MRT in Canada. Our interview guide was informed by the socio-ethical, legal, and scientific literature of MRT. We used a thematic analysis to identify and analyze emerging themes and sub-themes. Our findings were divided into five broad themes: ( i) an outdated criminal ban, ( ii) motives for using MRT, ( iii) terminology, ( iv) practical and theoretical risks and benefits, and ( v) the feasibility of clinical translation in Canada. Although the public and stakeholders’ views on the feasibility of foreseeable translation of MRT in Canadian clinics varied, there was consensus on conducting an overdue review of the current AHRA ban on MRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Noohi
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Miranda Li
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Yann Joly
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
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26
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Cobley JN. Mechanisms of Mitochondrial ROS Production in Assisted Reproduction: The Known, the Unknown, and the Intriguing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E933. [PMID: 33003362 PMCID: PMC7599503 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The consensus that assisted reproduction technologies (ART), like in vitro fertilization, to induce oxidative stress (i.e., the known) belies how oocyte/zygote mitochondria-a major presumptive oxidative stressor-produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) with ART being unknown. Unravelling how oocyte/zygote mitochondria produce ROS is important for disambiguating the molecular basis of ART-induced oxidative stress and, therefore, to rationally target it (e.g., using site-specific mitochondria-targeted antioxidants). I review the known mechanisms of ROS production in somatic mitochondria to critique how oocyte/zygote mitochondria may produce ROS (i.e., the unknown). Several plausible site- and mode-defined mitochondrial ROS production mechanisms in ART are proposed. For example, complex I catalyzed reverse electron transfer-mediated ROS production is conceivable when oocytes are initially extracted due to at least a 10% increase in molecular dioxygen exposure (i.e., the intriguing). To address the term oxidative stress being used without recourse to the underlying chemistry, I use the species-specific spectrum of biologically feasible reactions to define plausible oxidative stress mechanisms in ART. Intriguingly, mitochondrial ROS-derived redox signals could regulate embryonic development (i.e., their production could be beneficial). Their potential beneficial role raises the clinical challenge of attenuating oxidative damage while simultaneously preserving redox signaling. This discourse sets the stage to unravel how mitochondria produce ROS in ART, and their biological roles from oxidative damage to redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Cobley
- Redox Biology Group, Institute for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Old Perth Road, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK
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27
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Zou W, Slone J, Cao Y, Huang T. Mitochondria and Their Role in Human Reproduction. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:1370-1378. [PMID: 31603716 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zou
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jesse Slone
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Taosheng Huang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Human Aging Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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28
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Abstract
Maternally mitochondrial dysfunction includes a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders which leads to the impairment of the final common pathway of energy metabolism. Coronary heart disease and coronary venous disease are two important clinical manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction due to abnormality in the setting of underlying pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to cardiomyopathy, which is involved in the onset of acute cardiac and pulmonary failure. Mitochondrial diseases present other cardiac manifestations such as left ventricular noncompaction and cardiac conduction disease. Different clinical findings from mitochondrial dysfunction originate from different mtDNA mutations, and this variety of clinical symptoms poses a diagnostic challenge for cardiologists. Heart transplantation may be a good treatment, but it is not always possible, and other complications of the disease, such as mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like syndrome, should be considered. To diagnose and treat most mitochondrial disorders, careful cardiac, neurological, and molecular studies are needed. In this study, we looked at molecular genetics of MIDs and cardiac manifestations in patients with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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29
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Rosa HS, Ajaz S, Gnudi L, Malik AN. A case for measuring both cellular and cell-free mitochondrial DNA as a disease biomarker in human blood. FASEB J 2020; 34:12278-12288. [PMID: 32729179 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000959rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), widely studied as a disease biomarker, comprises of mtDNA located within mitochondria, indicative of mitochondrial function, and cell-free (cf) mtDNA linked to inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine the ranges of, and relationship between, cellular and cf mtDNA in human blood. Whole blood from 23 controls (HC) and 20 patients with diabetes was separated into peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), plasma, and serum. Total DNA was isolated and mtDNA copy numbers were determined using absolute quantification. Cellular mtDNA content in PBMCs was higher than in peripheral blood and a surprisingly high level of cf mtDNA was present in serum and plasma of HC, with no direct relationship between cellular and cf mtDNA content within individuals. Diabetes patients had similar levels of cellular mtDNA compared to healthy participants but a significantly higher cf mtDNA content. Furthermore, only in patients with diabetes, we observed a correlation between whole blood and plasma mtDNA levels, indicating that the relationship between cellular and cf mtDNA content is affected by disease status. In conclusion, when evaluating mtDNA in human blood as a biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction, it is important to measure both cellular and cf mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Rosa
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Saima Ajaz
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luigi Gnudi
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Afshan N Malik
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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30
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Arbeithuber B, Hester J, Cremona MA, Stoler N, Zaidi A, Higgins B, Anthony K, Chiaromonte F, Diaz FJ, Makova KD. Age-related accumulation of de novo mitochondrial mutations in mammalian oocytes and somatic tissues. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000745. [PMID: 32667908 PMCID: PMC7363077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations create genetic variation for other evolutionary forces to operate on and cause numerous genetic diseases. Nevertheless, how de novo mutations arise remains poorly understood. Progress in the area is hindered by the fact that error rates of conventional sequencing technologies (1 in 100 or 1,000 base pairs) are several orders of magnitude higher than de novo mutation rates (1 in 10,000,000 or 100,000,000 base pairs per generation). Moreover, previous analyses of germline de novo mutations examined pedigrees (and not germ cells) and thus were likely affected by selection. Here, we applied highly accurate duplex sequencing to detect low-frequency, de novo mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) directly from oocytes and from somatic tissues (brain and muscle) of 36 mice from two independent pedigrees. We found mtDNA mutation frequencies 2- to 3-fold higher in 10-month-old than in 1-month-old mice, demonstrating mutation accumulation during the period of only 9 mo. Mutation frequencies and patterns differed between germline and somatic tissues and among mtDNA regions, suggestive of distinct mutagenesis mechanisms. Additionally, we discovered a more pronounced genetic drift of mitochondrial genetic variants in the germline of older versus younger mice, arguing for mtDNA turnover during oocyte meiotic arrest. Our study deciphered for the first time the intricacies of germline de novo mutagenesis using duplex sequencing directly in oocytes, which provided unprecedented resolution and minimized selection effects present in pedigree studies. Moreover, our work provides important information about the origins and accumulation of mutations with aging/maturation and has implications for delayed reproduction in modern human societies. Furthermore, the duplex sequencing method we optimized for single cells opens avenues for investigating low-frequency mutations in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Arbeithuber
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James Hester
- Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marzia A. Cremona
- Department of Statistics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Stoler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Arslan Zaidi
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bonnie Higgins
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kate Anthony
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Francesca Chiaromonte
- Department of Statistics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- EMbeDS, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francisco J. Diaz
- Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kateryna D. Makova
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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31
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Gyllenhammer LE, Entringer S, Buss C, Wadhwa PD. Developmental programming of mitochondrial biology: a conceptual framework and review. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192713. [PMID: 32345161 PMCID: PMC7282904 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of developmental programming of health and disease has focused primarily on processes that are specific to cell types, organs and phenotypes of interest. However, the observation that exposure to suboptimal or adverse developmental conditions concomitantly influences a broad range of phenotypes suggests that these exposures may additionally exert effects through cellular mechanisms that are common, or shared, across these different cell and tissue types. It is in this context that we focus on cellular bioenergetics and propose that mitochondria, bioenergetic and signalling organelles, may represent a key cellular target underlying developmental programming. In this review, we discuss empirical findings in animals and humans that suggest that key structural and functional features of mitochondrial biology exhibit developmental plasticity, and are influenced by the same physiological pathways that are implicated in susceptibility for complex, common age-related disorders, and that these targets of mitochondrial developmental programming exhibit long-term temporal stability. We conclude by articulating current knowledge gaps and propose future research directions to bridge these gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Gyllenhammer
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Buss
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behaviour, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of California, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
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32
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Carnevale EM, Catandi GD, Fresa K. Equine Aging and the Oocyte: A Potential Model for Reproductive Aging in Women. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 89:103022. [PMID: 32563447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous similarities in reproductive aging have been documented between the mare and woman. Aging is associated with a decline in fertility. In mares and women, oocyte transfer procedures were initially used to establish that oocyte donor age is associated with oocyte quality. Age-associated differences in oocytes include altered morphology, gene expression, and developmental potential. Reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction are thought to be important contributors to loss of oocyte quality. In the woman, aneuploidy is a primary consideration with maternal aging. Although misalignment of chromosomes during meiosis has been observed in the mare, less is known in this area. Reproductive aging will be reviewed in the mare and compared with the woman with emphasis on factors that affect oocyte quality and developmental potential. Areas in which the mare could be used as a research model to study reproductive aging in women will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Carnevale
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.
| | - Giovana D Catandi
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Kyle Fresa
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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33
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Magata F. Lipopolysaccharide-induced mechanisms of ovarian dysfunction in cows with uterine inflammatory diseases. J Reprod Dev 2020; 66:311-317. [PMID: 32281546 PMCID: PMC7470909 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2020-021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine inflammatory diseases commonly occur in postpartum dairy cows, resulting in reduced reproductive performance due to aberrant uterine and ovarian activity. Infection of the uterus with gram-negative bacteria results in the detection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the plasma and follicular fluid of cows along with uterine inflammation. LPS acts on follicular components such as theca cells, granulosa cells, and follicle-enclosed oocytes, leading to impaired follicular activity. Follicles with a high LPS environment exhibit reduced follicular steroidogenesis due to the inhibition of steroidogenic enzyme transcription. Primary cell cultures of bovine granulosa and theca cells have shown that LPS acts on follicular cells to impair steroid production, which may disturb follicle growth and/or reduce their ability to ovulate. Even if ovulation occurs, cows with uterine inflammation are less likely to conceive because in addition to uterine damage, LPS also impairs the developmental competence of oocytes. LPS perturbs the nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of bovine oocytes. Moreover, oocytes matured using LPS treatment are less likely to develop into the blastocyst stage. Such oocytes also have a reduced number of trophoblast cells in blastocysts. Therefore, the detrimental effects of LPS on ovarian activity may be partly responsible for infertility in cows with uterine inflammation. Novel treatment and prevention strategies for uterine inflammatory diseases can be developed by advancing our knowledge of the pathophysiology underlying ovarian dysfunction, and this can only be achieved by further research. The present review outlines the molecular pathogenesis of LPS-induced ovarian dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumie Magata
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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34
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Ma H, Hayama T, Van Dyken C, Darby H, Koski A, Lee Y, Gutierrez NM, Yamada S, Li Y, Andrews M, Ahmed R, Liang D, Gonmanee T, Kang E, Nasser M, Kempton B, Brigande J, McGill TJ, Terzic A, Amato P, Mitalipov S. Deleterious mtDNA mutations are common in mature oocytes. Biol Reprod 2020; 102:607-619. [PMID: 31621839 PMCID: PMC7068114 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heritable mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are common, yet only a few recurring pathogenic mtDNA variants account for the majority of known familial cases in humans. Purifying selection in the female germline is thought to be responsible for the elimination of most harmful mtDNA mutations during oogenesis. Here we show that deleterious mtDNA mutations are abundant in ovulated mature mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos recovered from PolG mutator females but not in their live offspring. This implies that purifying selection acts not in the maternal germline per se, but during post-implantation development. We further show that oocyte mtDNA mutations can be captured and stably maintained in embryonic stem cells and then reintroduced into chimeras, thereby allowing examination of the effects of specific mutations on fetal and postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ma
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Tomonari Hayama
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Crystal Van Dyken
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Hayley Darby
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Amy Koski
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Yeonmi Lee
- Stem Cell Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuria Marti Gutierrez
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Satsuki Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Michael Andrews
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3375 S.W. Terwilliger Blvd, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Riffat Ahmed
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Dan Liang
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Thanasup Gonmanee
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Eunju Kang
- Stem Cell Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed Nasser
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Beth Kempton
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - John Brigande
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Trevor J McGill
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3375 S.W. Terwilliger Blvd, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Paula Amato
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Shoukhrat Mitalipov
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
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35
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The special considerations of gene therapy for mitochondrial diseases. NPJ Genom Med 2020; 5:7. [PMID: 32140258 PMCID: PMC7051955 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-020-0116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent success of gene therapy across multiple clinical trials has inspired a great deal of hope regarding the treatment of previously intractable genetic diseases. This optimism has been extended to the prospect of gene therapy for mitochondrial disorders, which are not only particularly severe but also difficult to treat. However, this hope must be tempered by the reality of the mitochondrial organelle, which possesses specific biological properties that complicate genetic manipulation. In this perspective, we will discuss some of these complicating factors, including the unique pathways used to express and import mitochondrial proteins. We will also present some ways in which these challenges can be overcome by genetic manipulation strategies tailored specifically for mitochondrial diseases.
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36
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Kesäniemi J, Lavrinienko A, Tukalenko E, Moutinho AF, Mappes T, Møller AP, Mousseau TA, Watts PC. Exposure to environmental radionuclides alters mitochondrial DNA maintenance in a wild rodent. Evol Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-019-10028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMitochondria are sensitive to oxidative stress, including that derived from ionizing radiation. To quantify the effects of exposure to environmental radionuclides on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) dynamics in wildlife, bank voles (Myodes glareolus) were collected from the chernobyl exclusion zone (CEZ), where animals are exposed to elevated levels of radionuclides, and from uncontaminated areas within the CEZ and elsewhere in Ukraine. Brains of bank voles from outside the CEZ were characterized by low mtDNA copy number and low mtDNA damage; by contrast, bank voles within the CEZ had high mtDNA copy number and high mtDNA damage, consistent with putative damaging effects of elevated radiation and a compensatory response to maintain sufficient functioning mitochondria. In animals outside the CEZ, the expression levels of PGC-1α gene and mtDNA copy number were positively correlated as expected from this gene’s prominent role in mitochondrial biogenesis; this PGC-1α-mtDNA copy number association is absent in samples from the CEZ. Our data imply that exposure to radionuclides is associated with altered mitochondrial dynamics, evident in level of mtDNA and mtDNA damage and the level of activity in mitochondrial synthesis.
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37
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Hendriks WK, Colleoni S, Galli C, Paris DBBP, Colenbrander B, Stout TAE. Mitochondrial DNA replication is initiated at blastocyst formation in equine embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:570-578. [PMID: 30423285 DOI: 10.1071/rd17387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection is the technique of choice for equine IVF and, in a research setting, 18-36% of injected oocytes develop to blastocysts. However, blastocyst development in clinical programs is lower, presumably due to a combination of variable oocyte quality (e.g. from old mares), suboptimal culture conditions and marginal fertility of some stallions. Furthermore, mitochondrial constitution appears to be critical to developmental competence, and both maternal aging and invitro embryo production (IVEP) negatively affect mitochondrial number and function in murine and bovine embryos. The present study examined the onset of mitochondrial (mt) DNA replication in equine embryos and investigated whether IVEP affects the timing of this important event, or the expression of genes required for mtDNA replication (i.e. mitochondrial transcription factor (TFAM), mtDNA polymerase γ subunit B (mtPOLB) and single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB)). We also investigated whether developmental arrest was associated with low mtDNA copy number. mtDNA copy number increased (P<0.01) between the early and expanded blastocyst stages both invivo and invitro, whereas the mtDNA:total DNA ratio was higher in invitro-produced embryos (P=0.041). Mitochondrial replication was preceded by an increase in TFAM but, unexpectedly, not mtPOLB or SSB expression. There was no association between embryonic arrest and lower mtDNA copy numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Karin Hendriks
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 114, 3584CM Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Silvia Colleoni
- Avantea, Laboratorio di Technologie della Riproduzione, Via Porcellasco 7f, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Cesare Galli
- Avantea, Laboratorio di Technologie della Riproduzione, Via Porcellasco 7f, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Damien B B P Paris
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Solander Drive, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia
| | - Ben Colenbrander
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 114, 3584CM Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tom A E Stout
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 114, 3584CM Utrecht, Netherlands
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38
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Whitehall JC, Greaves LC. Aberrant mitochondrial function in ageing and cancer. Biogerontology 2019; 21:445-459. [PMID: 31802313 PMCID: PMC7347693 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in mitochondrial metabolism have been described as one of the major hallmarks of both ageing cells and cancer. Age is the biggest risk factor for the development of a significant number of cancer types and this therefore raises the question of whether there is a link between age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and the advantageous changes in mitochondrial metabolism prevalent in cancer cells. A common underlying feature of both ageing and cancer cells is the presence of somatic mutations of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) which we postulate may drive compensatory alterations in mitochondrial metabolism that are advantageous for tumour growth. In this review, we discuss basic mitochondrial functions, mechanisms of mtDNA mutagenesis and their metabolic consequences, and review the evidence for and against a role for mtDNA mutations in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Whitehall
- The Medical School, Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Laura C Greaves
- The Medical School, Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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Li Z, Fu J, Li Z, Tang Y, Hua Q, Liu L, Zhao J. Air pollution and placental mitochondrial DNA copy number: Mechanistic insights and epidemiological challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113266. [PMID: 31557557 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During embryogenesis and embryo implantation, the copy number of mtDNA is elaborately regulated to meet the cellular demand for division, growth and differentiation. With large numbers of mitochondria for energy production, placental cells possess strong endocrine functionalities and capacities for efficient signaling communication. Recently, several environmental epidemiological studies have shown an association between mitochondrial DNA copy number, adverse birth outcomes and maternal exposure to air pollution, which has shed light on the possible effect of pollutants on placental molecular events. Because the mtDNA replication is thought to be a direct drive of mtDNA change, we tried to highlight the essential factors involved in the process of mtDNA replication. Then we traced the mtDNA change in the formation of placenta during embryogenesis, and evaluated the importance of mitochondrial genome maintenance during gestation. The possible mechanism from the epidemiological and experimental studies were reviewed and summarized, and recommendations were proposed for future studies to improve the precision of the estimated difference. The issue will be well-understood if the integrated profiles, such as familial genetic tendency, maternal genetic information, identification of mitochondrial DNA copy number in each placental cell type, and total personal exposure assessment, are considered in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianfei Fu
- Department of Medical Records and Statistics, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315010, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Tang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihang Hua
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Liya Liu
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshun Zhao
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China
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Giroto AB, Fontes PK, Franchi FF, Dos Santos PH, Razza EM, Nogueira MFG, Maioli MA, Nogueira GP, Nunes GB, Mingoti GZ, Mareco EA, Castilho ACS. Use of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A during oocyte in vitro maturation increases IGF-1 and affects the transcriptional profile of cumulus cells and embryos from Nelore cows. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1694-1704. [PMID: 31468638 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) activity is established by the regulation of IGF binding protein activity, which blocks IGF-1 functions, whereas pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) improves IGF-1 bioavailability and facilitates binding to IGF receptors. To further extend our understanding of the effect of exogenous PAPP-A on bovine embryo production, we added this protein during in vitro maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs); moreover, we assessed its effects on IGF-1 quantity in the maturation medium, embryonic yield and postwarming survival, blastocyst quality, and transcript abundance. Bovine COCs were matured in a serum-free medium, either with PAPP-A supplementation (100 ng/ml) or without (control). The treatment group produced higher IGF-1 concentrations in the maturation medium; however, showed no difference on cleavage, blastocysts rates, and embryonic survival 3 and 24 hr postcryopreservation. Regarding gene expression, VNN1 was upregulated, whereas AGPAT9, FASN, EGFR, HAS2, and IMPDH1 were downregulated in PAPP-A treated. PAPP-A treated, CPT2, DNMT3A, and TFAM were upregulated, whereas ATF4 and IFITM3 were downregulated. We concluded that although the addition of PAPP-A did not affect embryo yield and blastocyst survival, higher IGF-1 levels may affect embryo competence through differential expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, oocyte competence, and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan B Giroto
- Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia K Fontes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Franchi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila H Dos Santos
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Razza
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F G Nogueira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Assis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Maioli
- Departamento de Apoio Produção e Saúde Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme P Nogueira
- Departamento de Apoio Produção e Saúde Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana B Nunes
- Departamento de Apoio Produção e Saúde Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Z Mingoti
- Departamento de Apoio Produção e Saúde Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson A Mareco
- Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mitochondria and Female Germline Stem Cells-A Mitochondrial DNA Perspective. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080852. [PMID: 31398797 PMCID: PMC6721711 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA have important roles to play in development. In primordial germ cells, they progress from small numbers to populate the maturing oocyte with high numbers to support post-fertilization events. These processes take place under the control of significant changes in DNA methylation and other epigenetic modifiers, as well as changes to the DNA methylation status of the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial DNA replication factors. Consequently, the differentiating germ cell requires significant synchrony between the two genomes in order to ensure that they are fit for purpose. In this review, I examine these processes in the context of female germline stem cells that are isolated from the ovary and those derived from embryonic stem cells and reprogrammed somatic cells. Although our knowledge is limited in this respect, I provide predictions based on other cellular systems of what is expected and provide insight into how these cells could be used in clinical medicine.
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Oh D, Houston DW. RNA Localization in the Vertebrate Oocyte: Establishment of Oocyte Polarity and Localized mRNA Assemblages. Results Probl Cell Differ 2019; 63:189-208. [PMID: 28779319 PMCID: PMC6538070 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60855-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RNA localization is a fundamental mechanism for controlling cell structure and function. Early development in fish and amphibians requires the localization of specific mRNAs to establish the initial differences in cell fates prior to the onset of zygotic genome activation. RNA localization in these oocytes (e.g., Xenopus and zebrafish) requires that animal-vegetal polarity be established early in oogenesis, mediated by formation of the Balbiani body/mitochondrial cloud. This structure serves as a platform for assembly and transport of germline determinants to the future vegetal pole and also sets up the machinery for the localization of non-germline transcripts later in oogenesis. Understanding these polarization and localization mechanisms is critical for understanding the basis for early embryonic development in these organisms and also for understanding the role of RNA compartmentalization in animal gametogenesis. Here we outline recent advances in elucidating the molecular basis for the establishment of oocyte polarity at the level of Balbiani body assembly as well as the formation of RNP assemblies for early and late pathway mRNA localization in the oocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Oh
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, 257 BB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Douglas W Houston
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, 257 BB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Ma H, Martin K, Dixon D, Hernandez AG, Weber GM. Transcriptome analysis of egg viability in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:319. [PMID: 31029084 PMCID: PMC6486991 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal transcripts are accumulated in the oocyte during oogenesis to provide for protein synthesis from oocyte maturation through early embryonic development, when nuclear transcription is silenced. The maternal mRNAs have short poly(A) tails after undergoing post-transcriptional processing necessary for stabilizing them for storage. The transcripts undergo cytoplasmic polyadenylation when they are to be translated. Transcriptome analyses comparing total mRNA and elongated poly(A) mRNA content among eggs of different quality can provide insight into molecular mechanisms affecting egg developmental competence in rainbow trout. The present study used RNA-seq to compare transcriptomes of unfertilized eggs of rainbow trout females yielding different eyeing rates, following rRNA removal and poly(A) retention for construction of the libraries. Results The percentage of embryos to reach the 32-cell stage at 24 h post fertilization was significantly correlated to family eyeing rate, indicating that inviable embryos were developmentally compromised before zygotic genome activation. RNA sequencing identified 2 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) from total mRNA sequencing comparing females with low-quality (< 5% eyeing), medium-quality (30–50% eyeing), and high-quality (> 80% eyeing) eggs. In contrast, RNA sequencing from poly(A) captured transcripts identified 945 DETs between low- and high-quality eggs, 1012 between low- and medium-quality eggs, and only 2 between medium- and high-quality eggs. The transcripts of mitochondrial genes were enriched with polyadenylated transcript sequencing and they were significantly reduced in low-quality eggs. Similarly, mitochondrial DNA was reduced in low-quality eggs compared with medium- and high-quality eggs. The functional gene analysis classified the 945 DETs between low- and high-quality eggs into 31 functional modules, many of which were related to ribosomal and mitochondrial functions. Other modules involved transcription, translation, cell division, apoptosis, and immune responses. Conclusions Our results indicate that differences in egg quality may be derived from differences in maternal nuclear transcript activation and cytoplasmic polyadenylation before ovulation, as opposed to accumulation and storage of maternal nuclear transcripts during oogenesis. Transcriptome comparisons suggest low-quality eggs suffered from impaired oxidative phosphorylation and translation. The DETs identified in this study provide insight into developmental competence in rainbow trout eggs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5690-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ma
- USDA/ARS National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gregory M Weber
- USDA/ARS National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV, USA.
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Godschalk R, Remels A, Hoogendoorn C, van Benthem J, Luijten M, Duale N, Brunborg G, Olsen AK, Bouwman FG, Munnia A, Peluso M, Mariman E, van Schooten FJ. Paternal Exposure to Environmental Chemical Stress Affects Male Offspring's Hepatic Mitochondria. Toxicol Sci 2019; 162:241-250. [PMID: 29145655 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Preconceptional paternal exposures may affect offspring's health, which cannot be explained by mutations in germ cells, but by persistent changes in the regulation of gene expression. Therefore, we investigated whether pre-conceptional paternal exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) could alter the offspring's phenotype. Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to B[a]P by gavage for 6 weeks, 3× per week, and were crossed with unexposed BALB-c females 6 weeks after the final exposure. The offspring was kept under normal feeding conditions and was sacrificed at 3 weeks of age. Analysis of the liver proteome by 2D-gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry indicated that proteins involved in mitochondrial function were significantly downregulated in the offspring of exposed fathers. This down-regulation of mitochondrial proteins was paralleled by a reduction in mitochondrial DNA copy number and reduced activity of citrate synthase and β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, but in male offspring only. Surprisingly, analysis of hepatic mRNA expression revealed a male-specific up-regulation of the genes, whose proteins were downregulated, including Aldh2 and Ogg1. This discrepancy could be related to several selected microRNA (miRNA)'s that regulate the translation of these proteins; miRNA-122, miRNA-129-2-5p, and miRNA-1941 were upregulated in a gender-specific manner. Since mitochondria are thought to be a source of intracellular reactive oxygen species, we additionally assessed oxidatively-induced DNA damage. Both 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde-dG adduct levels were significantly reduced in male offspring of exposed fathers. In conclusion, we show that paternal exposure to B[a]P can regulate mitochondrial metabolism in offspring, which may have profound implications for our understanding of health and disease risk inherited from fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Remels
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Camiel Hoogendoorn
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van Benthem
- Laboratory for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- Laboratory for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nur Duale
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann-Karin Olsen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Freek G Bouwman
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Armelle Munnia
- Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Prevention Laboratory, ISPO-Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Peluso
- Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Prevention Laboratory, ISPO-Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Edwin Mariman
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Jan van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Srirattana K, St John JC. Transmission of Dysfunctional Mitochondrial DNA and Its Implications for Mammalian Reproduction. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2019; 231:75-103. [PMID: 30617719 DOI: 10.1007/102_2018_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes proteins for the electron transport chain which produces the vast majority of cellular energy. MtDNA has its own replication and transcription machinery that relies on nuclear-encoded transcription and replication factors. MtDNA is inherited in a non-Mendelian fashion as maternal-only mtDNA is passed onto the next generation. Mutation to mtDNA can cause mitochondrial dysfunction, which affects energy production and tissue and organ function. In somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), there is an issue with the mixing of two populations of mtDNA, namely from the donor cell and recipient oocyte. This review focuses on the transmission of mtDNA in SCNT embryos and offspring. The transmission of donor cell mtDNA can be prevented by depleting the donor cell of its mtDNA using mtDNA depletion agents prior to SCNT. As a result, SCNT embryos harbour oocyte-only mtDNA. Moreover, culturing SCNT embryos derived from mtDNA depleted cells in media supplemented with a nuclear reprograming agent can increase the levels of expression of genes related to embryo development when compared with non-depleted cell-derived embryos. Furthermore, we have reviewed how mitochondrial supplementation in oocytes can have beneficial effects for SCNT embryos by increasing mtDNA copy number and the levels of expression of genes involved in energy production and decreasing the levels of expression of genes involved in embryonic cell death. Notably, there are beneficial effects of mtDNA supplementation over the use of nuclear reprograming agents in terms of regulating gene expression in embryos. Taken together, manipulating mtDNA in donor cells and/or oocytes prior to SCNT could enhance embryo production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Srirattana
- Mitochondrial Genetics Group, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Justin C St John
- Mitochondrial Genetics Group, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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46
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Vaught RC, Dowling DK. Maternal inheritance of mitochondria: implications for male fertility? Reproduction 2018; 155:R159-R168. [PMID: 29581388 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary theory predicts maternal inheritance of the mitochondria will lead to the accumulation of mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that impair male fertility, but leave females unaffected. The hypothesis has been referred to as 'Mother's Curse'. There are many examples of mtDNA mutations or haplotypes, in humans and other metazoans, associated with decreases in sperm performance, but seemingly few reports of associations involving female reproductive traits; an observation that has been used to support the Mother's Curse hypothesis. However, it is unclear whether apparent signatures of male bias in mitochondrial genetic effects on fertility reflect an underlying biological bias or a technical bias resulting from a lack of studies to have screened for female effects. Here, we conduct a systematic literature search of studies reporting mitochondrial genetic effects on fertility-related traits in gonochoristic metazoans (animals with two distinct sexes). Studies of female reproductive outcomes were sparse, reflecting a large technical sex bias across the literature. We were only able to make a valid assessment of sex specificity of mitochondrial genetic effects in 30% of cases. However, in most of these cases, the effects were male biased, including examples of male bias associated with mtDNA mutations in humans. These results are therefore consistent with the hypothesis that maternal inheritance has enriched mtDNA sequences with mutations that specifically impair male fertility. However, future research that redresses the technical imbalance in studies conducted per sex will be key to enabling researchers to fully assess the wider implications of the Mother's Curse hypothesis to male reproductive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Vaught
- School of Biological SciencesMonash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - D K Dowling
- School of Biological SciencesMonash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Larriba E, Rial E, Del Mazo J. The landscape of mitochondrial small non-coding RNAs in the PGCs of male mice, spermatogonia, gametes and in zygotes. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:634. [PMID: 30153810 PMCID: PMC6114042 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria are organelles that fulfill a fundamental role in cell bioenergetics, as well as in other processes like cell signaling and death. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNA) are now being considered as pivotal post-transcriptional regulators, widening the landscape of their diversity and functions. In mammalian cells, small RNAs encoded by the mitochondrial genome, mitosRNAs were discovered recently, although their biological role remains uncertain. Results Here, using specific bioinformatics analyses, we have defined the diversity of mitosRNAs present in early differentiated germ cells of male mice (PGCs and spermatogonia), and in the gametes of both sexes and in zygotes. We found strong transcription of mitosRNAs relative to the size of the mtDNA, and classifying these mitosRNAs into different functional sncRNA groups highlighted the predominance of Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) relative to the other types of mitosRNAs. Mito-piRNAs were more abundant in oocytes and zygotes, where mitochondria fulfill key roles in fecundation process. Functional analysis of some particular mito-piRNAs (mito-piR-7,456,245), also expressed in 3T3-L1 cells, was assessed after exposure to RNA antagonists. Conclusions As far as we are aware, this is the first integrated analysis of sncRNAs encoded by mtDNA in germ cells and zygotes. The data obtained suggesting that mitosRNAs fulfill key roles in gamete differentiation and fertilization. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5020-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Larriba
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas C.I.B. (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Rial
- Department of Chemical & Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas C.I.B. (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Del Mazo
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas C.I.B. (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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48
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The mitochondrial DNA genetic bottleneck: inheritance and beyond. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:225-234. [PMID: 29880721 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
mtDNA is a multicopy genome. When mutations exist, they can affect a varying proportion of the mtDNA present within every cell (heteroplasmy). Heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations can be maternally inherited, but the proportion of mutated alleles differs markedly between offspring within one generation. This led to the genetic bottleneck hypothesis, explaining the rapid changes in allele frequency seen during transmission from one generation to the next. Although a physical reduction in mtDNA has been demonstrated in several species, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms is yet to be revealed. Several questions remain, including the role of selection for and against specific alleles, whether all bottlenecks are the same, and precisely how the bottleneck is controlled during development. Although originally thought to be limited to the germline, there is evidence that bottlenecks exist in other cell types during development, perhaps explaining why different tissues in the same organism contain different levels of mutated mtDNA. Moreover, tissue-specific bottlenecks may occur throughout life in response to environmental influences, adding further complexity to the situation. Here we review key recent findings, and suggest ways forward that will hopefully advance our understanding of the role of mtDNA in human disease.
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49
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Gao L, Guo X, Liu XQ, Zhang L, Huang J, Tan L, Lin Z, Nagawa S, Wang DY. Changes in mitochondrial DNA levels during early embryogenesis in Torenia fournieri and Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 95:785-795. [PMID: 29882345 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the amount of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have never been investigated in plant zygotes or early plant embryos due to the difficulty in isolating these cells, although such changes have been investigated in mammalian embryos. Using the single-cell quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and laser confocal microscopy, we surveyed the changes in mtDNA levels during early embryogenesis in Torenia fournieri and Arabidopsis thaliana. In contrast with the amount of mtDNA in early mammalian embryos, which does not change, we found that mtDNA doubling occurred during zygotic development in T. fournieri and during two-cell proembryo development in A. thaliana. These findings reveal that mtDNA doubling occurs during early embryogenesis in T. fournieri and A. thaliana, indicating that the dynamics of mtDNA in early plant embryos differs from that in early mammalian embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xue Guo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xue-Qiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Jilei Huang
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Li Tan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Zhen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Shingo Nagawa
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Dan-Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
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50
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McCann BJ, Cox A, Gammage PA, Stewart JB, Zernicka-Goetz M, Minczuk M. Delivery of mtZFNs into Early Mouse Embryos. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1867:215-228. [PMID: 30155826 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8799-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases often result from mutations in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). In most cases, mutant mtDNA coexists with wild-type mtDNA, resulting in heteroplasmy. One potential future approach to treat heteroplasmic mtDNA diseases is the specific elimination of pathogenic mtDNA mutations, lowering the level of mutant mtDNA below pathogenic thresholds. Mitochondrially targeted zinc-finger nucleases (mtZFNs) have been demonstrated to specifically target and introduce double-strand breaks in mutant mtDNA, facilitating substantial shifts in heteroplasmy. One application of mtZFN technology, in the context of heteroplasmic mtDNA disease, is delivery into the heteroplasmic oocyte or early embryo to eliminate mutant mtDNA, preventing transmission of mitochondrial diseases through the germline. Here we describe a protocol for efficient production of mtZFN mRNA in vitro, and delivery of these into 0.5 dpc mouse embryos to elicit shifts of mtDNA heteroplasmy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly J McCann
- Mitochondrial Genetics Group, MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andy Cox
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Payam A Gammage
- Mitochondrial Genetics Group, MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James B Stewart
- Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
- Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michal Minczuk
- Mitochondrial Genetics Group, MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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