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Feibel D, Golda J, Held J, Awakowicz P, Schulz-von der Gathen V, Suschek CV, Opländer C, Jansen F. Gas Flow-Dependent Modification of Plasma Chemistry in μAPP Jet-Generated Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Its Impact on Human Skin Fibroblasts. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051242. [PMID: 37238913 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The micro-scaled Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet (µAPPJ) is operated with low carrier gas flows (0.25-1.4 slm), preventing excessive dehydration and osmotic effects in the exposed area. A higher yield of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS or RNS) in the µAAPJ-generated plasmas (CAP) was achieved, due to atmospheric impurities in the working gas. With CAPs generated at different gas flows, we characterized their impact on physical/chemical changes of buffers and on biological parameters of human skin fibroblasts (hsFB). CAP treatments of buffer at 0.25 slm led to increased concentrations of nitrate (~352 µM), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; ~124 µM) and nitrite (~161 µM). With 1.40 slm, significantly lower concentrations of nitrate (~10 µM) and nitrite (~44 µM) but a strongly increased H2O2 concentration (~1265 µM) was achieved. CAP-induced toxicity of hsFB cultures correlated with the accumulated H2O2 concentrations (20% at 0.25 slm vs. ~49% at 1.40 slm). Adverse biological consequences of CAP exposure could be reversed by exogenously applied catalase. Due to the possibility of being able to influence the plasma chemistry solely by modulating the gas flow, the therapeutic use of the µAPPJ represents an interesting option for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Feibel
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Golda
- Plasma Interface Physics, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julian Held
- Experimental Physics II, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter Awakowicz
- Institute for Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Christoph V Suschek
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Opländer
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), Witten/Herdecke University, 51109 Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Jansen
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Feibel D, Kwiatkowski A, Opländer C, Grieb G, Windolf J, Suschek CV. Enrichment of Bone Tissue with Antibacterially Effective Amounts of Nitric Oxide Derivatives by Treatment with Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasmas Optimized for Nitrogen Oxide Chemistry. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020244. [PMID: 36830781 PMCID: PMC9953554 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) generated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), particularly those containing higher amounts of nitric oxide (NO) or NO derivates (NOD), are attracting increasing interest in medical fields. In the present study, we, for the first time, evaluated DBD-CAP-induced NOD accumulation and therapeutically relevant NO release in calcified bone tissue. This knowledge is of great importance for the development of new therapies against bacterial-infectious complications during bone healing, such as osteitis or osteomyelitis. We found that by modulating the power dissipation in the discharge, it is possible (1) to significantly increase the uptake of NODs in bone tissue, even into deeper regions, (2) to significantly decrease the pH in CAP-exposed bone tissue, (3) to induce a long-lasting and modulable NO production in the bone samples as well as (4) to significantly protect the treated bone tissue against bacterial contaminations, and to induce a strong bactericidal effect in bacterially infected bone samples. Our results strongly suggest that the current DBD technology opens up effective NO-based therapy options in the treatment of local bacterial infections of the bone tissue through the possibility of a targeted modulation of the NOD content in the generated CAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Feibel
- Department for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Kwiatkowski
- Department for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Opländer
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), Cologne-Merheim Medical Center, University Witten/Herdecke, 58455 Witten-Herdecke, Germany
| | - Gerrit Grieb
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Burn Centre, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Windolf
- Department for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph V. Suschek
- Department for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Enhancement of Nitric Oxide Bioavailability by Modulation of Cutaneous Nitric Oxide Stores. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092124. [PMID: 36140225 PMCID: PMC9496039 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of nitric oxide (NO) in the skin plays a critical role in wound healing and the response to several stimuli, such as UV exposure, heat, infection, and inflammation. Furthermore, in the human body, NO is involved in vascular homeostasis and the regulation of blood pressure. Physiologically, a family of enzymes termed nitric oxide synthases (NOS) generates NO. In addition, there are many methods of non-enzymatic/NOS-independent NO generation, e.g., the reduction of NO derivates (NODs) such as nitrite, nitrate, and nitrosylated proteins under certain conditions. The skin is the largest and heaviest human organ and contains a comparatively high concentration of these NODs; therefore, it represents a promising target for many therapeutic strategies for NO-dependent pathological conditions. In this review, we give an overview of how the cutaneous NOD stores can be targeted and modulated, leading to a further accumulation of NO-related compounds and/or the local and systemic release of bioactive NO, and eventually, NO-related physiological effects with a potential therapeutical use for diseases such as hypertension, disturbed microcirculation, impaired wound healing, and skin infections.
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Barolet AC, Litvinov IV, Barolet D. Light-induced nitric oxide release in the skin beyond UVA and blue light: Red & near-infrared wavelengths. Nitric Oxide 2021; 117:16-25. [PMID: 34536586 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is omnipresent in the body and synthesized by 3 isoenzymes (nNOS, eNOS and iNOS), all detected in human skin. NO can be stored in a pool of compounds readily converted to NO following skin irradiation by UVR and blue light. This non-enzymatic (without NOS involvement) photolytic reaction mobilizes cutaneous stores of NO derivatives to the bloodstream, lowering blood pressure. However, with the likelihood of skin deleterious effects caused by UVR/blue light, safer wavelengths in the red/near-infrared (NIR) spectrum are becoming potential contenders to release cutaneous NO, possibly via NOS temperature-dependent effects. The use of red/NIR light to mobilize NO stores from the body's largest organ (the skin) is auspicious. This review focuses on UVR, blue, red, and NIR spectra and their capacity to release NO in human skin. PubMed and Google Scholar were used as article databases to find relevant publications related to this particular field.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Barolet
- Deptartment of Surgery, Experimental Surgery Graduate Training Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - I V Litvinov
- Deptartment of Surgery, Experimental Surgery Graduate Training Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Deptartment of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Graduate Training Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D Barolet
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; RoseLab Skin Optics Research Laboratory, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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Albers I, Zernickel E, Stern M, Broja M, Busch HL, Heiss C, Grotheer V, Windolf J, Suschek CV. Blue light (λ=453 nm) nitric oxide dependently induces β-endorphin production of human skin keratinocytes in-vitro and increases systemic β-endorphin levels in humans in-vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:78-86. [PMID: 31553937 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
β-Endorphin exerts a broad spectrum of physiological activity on mood, immune functions, pain management, reward effects, and behavioral stability. β-Endorphin is produced in certain neurons within the central and peripheral nervous system but also in the skin, especially in response to ultraviolet radiation. In the present study we have investigated the impact of visible blue light at λ = 453 nm (BL) on β-endorphin production of primary human skin keratinocytes (hKC) in-vitro as well as on systemic β-endorphin formation of whole-body exposed subjects in-vivo. We found that BL irradiation significantly enhanced both keratinocytic β-endorphin production of hKC cultures as well as systemic β-endorphin concentrations in light exposed healthy subjects. Interestingly, in hKC cultures elevated β-endorphin formation was paralleled by significantly increased levels of non-enzymatically generated nitric oxide (NO), whereas elevated systemic β-endorphin values of BL-exposed subjects were accompanied by enhanced systemic concentration of bioactive NO-derivates. These findings point to a pivotal role of NO in the molecular mechanism of the observed BL-induced effects, and indeed, exogenously applied NO was able to significantly enhance β-endorphin production in hKC cultures. Thus, our finding of BL-induced increases in systemic β-endorphin concentration in-vivo can be plausibly explained by an event sequence comprising 1.) BL-driven non-enzymatic formation of NO in the exposed skin tissue, 2.) systemic distribution of cutaneously produced NO in the form of bioactive nitroso compounds, 3.) a subsequent NO-dependent induction of β-endorphin synthesis in epidermal keratinocytes, and 4.) probably also a NO-dependent modulation of β-endorphin synthesis in specialized neurons within the central and peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Albers
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Erika Zernickel
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Manuel Stern
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melanie Broja
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Lucas Busch
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Heiss
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; Surrey and Sussex NHS Healthcare Trust, Redhill, United Kingdom
| | - Vera Grotheer
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim Windolf
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph V Suschek
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Balzer J, Heuer K, Demir E, Hoffmanns MA, Baldus S, Fuchs PC, Awakowicz P, Suschek CV, Opländer C. Non-Thermal Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) Effects on Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Fibroblasts Are Primary Mediated by Hydrogen Peroxide. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144968. [PMID: 26661594 PMCID: PMC4682795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblast differentiation are crucial in wound healing and wound closure. Impaired wound healing is often correlated with chronic bacterial contamination of the wound area. A new promising approach to overcome wound contamination, particularly infection with antibiotic-resistant pathogens, is the topical treatment with non-thermal “cold” atmospheric plasma (CAP). Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) devices generate CAP containing active and reactive species, which have antibacterial effects but also may affect treated tissue/cells. Moreover, DBD treatment acidifies wound fluids and leads to an accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide products, such as nitrite and nitrate, in the wound. Thus, in this paper, we addressed the question of whether DBD-induced chemical changes may interfere with wound healing-relevant cell parameters such as viability, proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation of primary human fibroblasts. DBD treatment of 250 μl buffered saline (PBS) led to a treatment time-dependent acidification (pH 6.7; 300 s) and coincidently accumulation of nitrite (~300 μM), nitrate (~1 mM) and H2O2 (~200 μM). Fibroblast viability was reduced by single DBD treatments (60–300 s; ~77–66%) or exposure to freshly DBD-treated PBS (60–300 s; ~75–55%), accompanied by prolonged proliferation inhibition of the remaining cells. In addition, the total number of myofibroblasts was reduced, whereas in contrast, the myofibroblast frequency was significantly increased 12 days after DBD treatment or exposure to DBD-treated PBS. Control experiments mimicking DBD treatment indicate that plasma-generated H2O2 was mainly responsible for the decreased proliferation and differentiation, but not for DBD-induced toxicity. In conclusion, apart from antibacterial effects, DBD/CAP may mediate biological processes, for example, wound healing by accumulation of H2O2. Therefore, a clinical DBD treatment must be well-balanced in order to avoid possible unwanted side effects such as a delayed healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Balzer
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kiara Heuer
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Erhan Demir
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, Merheim Hospital Cologne, University of Witten/Herdecke, Köln, Germany
| | - Martin A. Hoffmanns
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabrina Baldus
- Institute for Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Paul C. Fuchs
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, Merheim Hospital Cologne, University of Witten/Herdecke, Köln, Germany
| | - Peter Awakowicz
- Institute for Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph V. Suschek
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Opländer
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Heuer K, Hoffmanns MA, Demir E, Baldus S, Volkmar CM, Röhle M, Fuchs PC, Awakowicz P, Suschek CV, Opländer C. The topical use of non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD): nitric oxide related effects on human skin. Nitric Oxide 2014; 44:52-60. [PMID: 25435001 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) devices generate air plasma above the skin containing active and reactive species including nitric oxide (NO). Since NO plays an essential role in skin physiology, a topical application of NO by plasma may be useful in the treatment of skin infections, impaired microcirculation and wound healing. Thus, after safety assessments of plasma treatment using human skin specimen and substitutes, NO-penetration through the epidermis, the loading of skin tissue with NO-derivates in vitro and the effects on human skin in vivo were determined. After the plasma treatment (0-60 min) of skin specimen or reconstructed epidermis no damaging effects were found (TUNEL/MTT). By Franz diffusion cell experiments plasma-induced NO penetration through epidermis and dermal enrichment with NO related species (nitrite 6-fold, nitrate 7-fold, nitrosothiols 30-fold) were observed. Furthermore, skin surface was acidified (~pH 2.7) by plasma treatment (90 s). Plasma application on the forearms of volunteers increased microcirculation fourfold in 1-2 mm and twofold in 6-8 mm depth in the treated skin areas. Regarding the NO-loading effects, skin acidification and increase in dermal microcirculation, plasma devices represent promising tools against chronic/infected wounds. However, efficacy of plasma treatment needs to be quantified in further studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Heuer
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin A Hoffmanns
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Erhan Demir
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, Merheim Hospital Cologne, University of Witten/Herdecke, Germany
| | - Sabrina Baldus
- Institute for Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christine M Volkmar
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mirco Röhle
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paul C Fuchs
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, Merheim Hospital Cologne, University of Witten/Herdecke, Germany
| | - Peter Awakowicz
- Institute for Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph V Suschek
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Opländer
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.
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8
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Opländer C, Deck A, Volkmar CM, Kirsch M, Liebmann J, Born M, van Abeelen F, van Faassen EE, Kröncke KD, Windolf J, Suschek CV. Mechanism and biological relevance of blue-light (420-453 nm)-induced nonenzymatic nitric oxide generation from photolabile nitric oxide derivates in human skin in vitro and in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1363-1377. [PMID: 24121056 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human skin contains photolabile nitric oxide (NO) derivates such as nitrite and S-nitrosothiols, which upon UVA radiation decompose under high-output NO formation and exert NO-specific biological responses such as increased local blood flow or reduced blood pressure. To avoid the injurious effects of UVA radiation, we here investigated the mechanism and biological relevance of blue-light (420-453 nm)-induced nonenzymatic NO generation from photolabile nitric oxide derivates in human skin in vitro and in vivo. As quantified by chemiluminescence detection (CLD), at physiological pH blue light at 420 or 453 nm induced a significant NO formation from S-nitrosoalbumin and also from aqueous nitrite solutions by a to-date not entirely identified Cu(1+)-dependent mechanism. As detected by electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry in vitro with human skin specimens, blue light irradiation significantly increased the intradermal levels of free NO. As detected by CLD in vivo in healthy volunteers, irradiation of human skin with blue light induced a significant emanation of NO from the irradiated skin area as well as a significant translocation of NO from the skin surface into the underlying tissue. In parallel, blue light irradiation caused a rapid and significant rise in local cutaneous blood flow as detected noninvasively by using micro-light-guide spectrophotometry. Irradiation of human skin with moderate doses of blue light caused a significant increase in enzyme-independent cutaneous NO formation as well as NO-dependent local biological responses, i.e., increased blood flow. The effects were attributed to blue-light-induced release of NO from cutaneous photolabile NO derivates. Thus, in contrast to UVA, blue-light-induced NO generation might be therapeutically used in the treatment of systemic and local hemodynamic disorders that are based on impaired physiological NO production or bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Opländer
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annika Deck
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery, and Burn Center, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christine M Volkmar
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Kirsch
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Jörg Liebmann
- Innovative Technologies, Philips Technologie GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Born
- Innovative Technologies, Philips Technologie GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Ernst E van Faassen
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus-Dietrich Kröncke
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim Windolf
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph V Suschek
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Opländer C, Suschek CV. The role of photolabile dermal nitric oxide derivates in ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced cell death. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 14:191-204. [PMID: 23344028 PMCID: PMC3565258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin is exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation comprising UVB (280–315 nm) and UVA (315–400 nm) on a daily basis. Within the last two decades, the molecular and cellular response to UVA/UVB and the possible effects on human health have been investigated extensively. It is generally accepted that the mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of UVB is due to the direct interaction with DNA. On the other hand, by interaction with non-DNA chromophores as endogenous photosensitizers, UVA induces formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play a pivotal role as mediators of UVA-induced injuries in human skin. This review gives a short overview about relevant findings concerning the molecular mechanisms underlying UVA/UVB-induced cell death. Furthermore, we will highlight the potential role of cutaneous antioxidants and photolabile nitric oxide derivates (NODs) in skin physiology. UVA-induced decomposition of the NODs, like nitrite, leads not only to non-enzymatic formation of nitric oxide (NO), but also to toxic reactive nitrogen species (RNS), like peroxynitrite. Whereas under antioxidative conditions the generation of protective amounts of NO is favored, under oxidative conditions, less injurious reactive nitrogen species are generated, which may enhance UVA-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Opländer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery, and Burn Center, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-241-80-35271; Fax: +49-241-80-82448
| | - Christoph V. Suschek
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; E-Mail:
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Opländer C, Römer A, Paunel-Görgülü A, Fritsch T, van Faassen EE, Mürtz M, Bozkurt A, Grieb G, Fuchs P, Pallua N, Suschek CV. Dermal Application of Nitric Oxide In Vivo: Kinetics, Biological Responses, and Therapeutic Potential in Humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2012; 91:1074-82. [DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2011.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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The photoreactions of simple amides with NO. Gaining insight into radical bio-damages through an EPR case study. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Opländer C, Volkmar CM, Paunel-Görgülü A, Fritsch T, van Faassen EE, Mürtz M, Grieb G, Bozkurt A, Hemmrich K, Windolf J, Suschek CV. Dermal application of nitric oxide releasing acidified nitrite-containing liniments significantly reduces blood pressure in humans. Nitric Oxide 2012; 26:132-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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13
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Non-enzymatic NO production in human skin: Effect of UVA on cutaneous NO stores. Nitric Oxide 2010; 22:120-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Liebmann J, Born M, Kolb-Bachofen V. Blue-light irradiation regulates proliferation and differentiation in human skin cells. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:259-69. [PMID: 19675580 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sunlight influences the physiology of the human skin in beneficial as well as harmful ways, as has been shown for UV light. However, little is known about the effects of other wavelengths of solar irradiation. In this study we irradiated human keratinocytes and skin-derived endothelial cells with light-emitting-diode devices of distinct wavelengths to study the effects on cell physiology. We found that light at wavelengths of 632-940 nm has no effect, but irradiation with blue light at 412-426 nm exerts toxic effects at high fluences. Light at 453 nm is nontoxic up to a fluence of 500 J/cm(2). At nontoxic fluences, blue light reduces proliferation dose dependently by up to 50%, which is attributable to differentiation induction as shown by an increase of differentiation markers. Experiments with BSA demonstrate that blue-light irradiation up to 453 nm photolytically generates nitric oxide (NO) from nitrosated proteins, which is known to initiate differentiation in skin cells. Our data provide evidence for a molecular mechanism by which blue light may be effective in treating hyperproliferative skin conditions by reducing proliferation due to the induction of differentiation. We observed a photolytic release of NO from nitrosated proteins, indicating that they are light acceptors and signal transducers up to a wavelength of 453 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Liebmann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Group Immunobiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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15
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Koch S, Volkmar CM, Kolb-Bachofen V, Korth HG, Kirsch M, Horn AHC, Sticht H, Pallua N, Suschek CV. A new redox-dependent mechanism of MMP-1 activity control comprising reduced low-molecular-weight thiols and oxidizing radicals. J Mol Med (Berl) 2008; 87:261-72. [PMID: 19034402 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-008-0420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of zinc-dependent proteinases, participate in remodeling and degradation of the extracellular matrix proteins. The activity of MMPs is thought to be predominately posttranslationally regulated via proteolytic activation of precursor zymogens or via their naturally occurring endogenous inhibitors. Here, using recombinant MMP-1, we investigated new redox-dependent mechanisms of proteinase activity regulation by low-molecular-weight thiols. We find that glutathione (GSH), cysteine, homocysteine, and N-acetylcysteine at physiological concentrations competitively reduce MMP-1 activity up to 75% with an efficiency of cysteine > or = GSH > homocysteine > N-acetylcysteine. In contrast, S-derivatized thiols completely lack this inhibitory activity. Interestingly, the competitive GSH-mediated inhibition of MMP-1-activity can be fully reversed abrogated by oxidizing radicals like (*)NO(2) or Trolox radicals, here generated by UVA irradiation of nitrite or Trolox, two relevant agents in human skin physiology. This redox-dependent reactivation of the inactive GSH-MMP-1-complex comprises GSH oxidation and is significantly inhibited in the presence of ascorbic acid, an effective (*)NO(2) and Trolox radical scavenger. We here offer a new concept of redox-sensitive control of MMP-1 activity based on the inhibitory effect of reduced thiols and reactivation by a mechanism comprising derivatization or oxidation of the MMP-1-bound inhibitory-acting thiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Koch
- Institute of Biomedicine/Biochemistry, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu, Finland
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16
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Opländer C, Wetzel W, Cortese MM, Pallua N, Suschek CV. Evidence for a physiological role of intracellularly occurring photolabile nitrogen oxides in human skin fibroblasts. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:1752-61. [PMID: 18328270 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a pivotal role in human skin biology. Cutaneous NO can be produced enzymatically by NO synthases (NOS) as well as enzyme independently via photodecomposition of photolabile nitrogen oxides (PNOs) such as nitrite or nitroso compounds, both found in human skin tissue in comparably high concentrations. Although the physiological role of NOS-produced NO in human skin is well defined, nothing is known about the biological relevance or the chemical origin of intracellularly occurring PNOs. We here, for the first time, give evidence that in human skin fibroblasts (FB) PNOs represent the oxidation products of NOS-produced NO and that in human skin fibroblasts intracellularly occurring PNOs effectively protect against the injurious effects of UVA radiation by a NO-dependent mechanism. In contrast, in PNO-depleted FB cultures an increased susceptibility to UVA-induced lipid peroxidation and cell death is observed, whereas supplementation of PNO-depleted FB cultures with physiological nitrite concentrations (10 microM) or with exogenously applied NO completely restores UVA-increased injuries. Thus, intracellular PNOs are biologically relevant and represent an important initial shield functioning in human skin physiology against UVA radiation. Consequently, nonphysiological low PNO concentrations might promote known UVA-related skin injuries such as premature aging and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Opländer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery, and Burn Center, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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17
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Xiao L, Matsubayashi K, Miwa N. Inhibitory effect of the water-soluble polymer-wrapped derivative of fullerene on UVA-induced melanogenesis via downregulation of tyrosinase expression in human melanocytes and skin tissues. Arch Dermatol Res 2007; 299:245-57. [PMID: 17333222 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-007-0740-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The C60-fullerene derivatives are expected, as novel and potent anti-oxidants, to more effectively protect skin cells against oxidative stress. UVA-induced oxidative stress is considered to promote melanogenesis and serious skin damage. The effect of any fullerene derivatives on UVA-induced melanogenesis is still unknown. Here, we evaluated effects of a water-soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-wrapped fullerene derivative (named "Radical Radical Sponge" because of its anti-oxidant ability) on melanogenesis, which was promoted by UVA-irradiation to human melanocytes and skin tissues. Radical Sponge markedly scavenged UVA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside human melanocytes as shown by fluorometry using the redox indicator CDCFH-DA. After treatment with Radical Sponge or other agents, human melanocytes and skin tissues were irradiated by UVA. Then, cellular melanin content, tyrosinase activity and the ultrastructural change of skin melanosomes were examined. Radical Sponge showed to significantly inhibit UVA-promoted melanogenesis in normal human epidermis melanocytes (NHEM) and human melanoma HMV-II cells within a non-cytotoxicity dose range. As compared with two whitening agents, arbutin and L-ascorbic acid, Radical Sponge demonstrated the stronger anti-melanogenic potential according to spectrophotometric quantification for extracted melanin. In human skin cultures also, UVA-promoted melanin contents were repressed by Radical Sponge according to Fontana-Masson stain, suggesting its ability to repress UVA-induced tanning. Transmission electron microscopic ultrastructural images also proved that UVA-increased melanosomes in human skin tissue were obviously reduced by Radical Sponge. The UVA-enhanced tyrosinase enzymatic activity in NHEM melanocytes was inhibited by Radical Sponge more markedly than by arbutin and L-ascorbic acid. The UVA-enhanced tyrosinase protein expression, together with cell-size fatness and dendrite-formation, was also inhibited more markedly by Radical Sponge according to immunostain and flow cytometry using anti-tyrosinase antibody. Thus the depigmentating action of Radical Sponge might be due to its down-regulating effect on the tyrosinase expression, which is initiated by UVA-caused ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Laboratory of Cell-Death Control BioTechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Nanatsuka 562, Shobara, Hiroshima, Japan
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18
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Moroz LL, Kohn AB. On the comparative biology of Nitric Oxide (NO) synthetic pathways: Parallel evolution of NO-mediated signaling. Nitric Oxide 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2423(07)01001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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