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Liang W, Zhou C, Zhang H, Bai J, Long H, Jiang B, Liu L, Xia L, Jiang C, Zhang H, Zhao J. Pioneering nanomedicine in orthopedic treatment care: a review of current research and practices. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1389071. [PMID: 38860139 PMCID: PMC11163052 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1389071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A developing use of nanotechnology in medicine involves using nanoparticles to administer drugs, genes, biologicals, or other materials to targeted cell types, such as cancer cells. In healthcare, nanotechnology has brought about revolutionary changes in the treatment of various medical and surgical conditions, including in orthopedic. Its clinical applications in surgery range from developing surgical instruments and suture materials to enhancing imaging techniques, targeted drug delivery, visualization methods, and wound healing procedures. Notably, nanotechnology plays a significant role in preventing, diagnosing, and treating orthopedic disorders, which is crucial for patients' functional rehabilitation. The integration of nanotechnology improves standards of patient care, fuels research endeavors, facilitates clinical trials, and eventually improves the patient's quality of life. Looking ahead, nanotechnology holds promise for achieving sustained success in numerous surgical disciplines, including orthopedic surgery, in the years to come. This review aims to focus on the application of nanotechnology in orthopedic surgery, highlighting the recent development and future perspective to bridge the bridge for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Guanghua Hospital, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Juqin Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Hengguo Long
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Rehabilitation Department, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Medical Research Center, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Linying Xia
- Medical Research Center, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Chanyi Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hengjian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
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Deng Y, Zhou C, Fu L, Huang X, Liu Z, Zhao J, Liang W, Shao H. A mini-review on the emerging role of nanotechnology in revolutionizing orthopedic surgery: challenges and the road ahead. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1191509. [PMID: 37260831 PMCID: PMC10228697 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1191509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An emerging application of nanotechnology in medicine currently being developed involves employing nanoparticles to deliver drugs, heat, light, or other substances to specific types of cells (such as cancer cells). As most biological molecules exist and function at the nanoscale, engineering and manipulating matter at the molecular level has many advantages in the field of medicine (nanomedicine). Although encouraging, it remains unclear how much of this will ultimately result in improved patient care. In surgical specialties, clinically relevant nanotechnology applications include the creation of surgical instruments, suture materials, imaging, targeted drug therapy, visualization methods, and wound healing techniques. Burn lesion and scar management is an essential nanotechnology application. Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of numerous orthopedic conditions are crucial technological aspects for patients' functional recovery. Orthopedic surgery is a specialty that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. In recent years, the field of orthopedics has been revolutionized by the advent of nanotechnology. Using biomaterials comprised of nanoparticles and structures, it is possible to substantially enhance the efficacy of such interactions through nanoscale material modifications. This serves as the foundation for the majority of orthopedic nanotechnology applications. In orthopedic surgery, nanotechnology has been applied to improve surgical outcomes, enhance bone healing, and reduce complications associated with orthopedic procedures. This mini-review summarizes the present state of nanotechnology in orthopedic surgery, including its applications as well as possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Guanghua Hospital, Zhoushan, China
| | - Lifeng Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing City Keqiao District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xiaogang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Zunyong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Wenqing Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Haiyan Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
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3
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Malomo T, Allard Brown A, Bale K, Yung A, Kozlowski P, Heran M, Streijger F, Kwon BK. Quantifying Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Review of Methodology. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:1603-1635. [PMID: 35538847 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) after a traumatic injury has been associated with poor neurological outcomes. Although IPH may result from the initial mechanical trauma, the blood and its breakdown products have potentially deleterious effects. Further, the degree of IPH has been correlated with injury severity and the extent of subsequent recovery. Therefore, accurate evaluation and quantification of IPH following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is important to define treatments' effects on IPH progression and secondary neuronal injury. Imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US), have been explored by researchers for the detection and quantification of IPH following SCI. Both quantitative and semiquantitative MRI and US measurements have been applied to objectively assess IPH following SCI, but the optimal methods for doing so are not well established. Studies in animal SCI models (rodent and porcine) have explored US and histological techniques in evaluating SCI and have demonstrated the potential to detect and quantify IPH. Newer techniques using machine learning algorithms (such as convolutional neural networks [CNN]) have also been studied to calculate IPH volume and have yielded promising results. Despite long-standing recognition of the potential pathological significance of IPH within the spinal cord, quantifying IPH with MRI or US is a relatively new area of research. Further studies are warranted to investigate their potential use. Here, we review the different and emerging quantitative MRI, US, and histological approaches used to detect and quantify IPH following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toluyemi Malomo
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aysha Allard Brown
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kirsten Bale
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,UBC MRI Research Center, Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew Yung
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,UBC MRI Research Center, Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Piotr Kozlowski
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,UBC MRI Research Center, Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Manraj Heran
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Femke Streijger
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian K Kwon
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, and Division of Neuroradiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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4
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Mundy DC, Goldberg JL. Nanoparticles as Cell Tracking Agents in Human Ocular Cell Transplantation Therapy. CURRENT OPHTHALMOLOGY REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40135-021-00275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Kim IK, Park JH, Kim B, Hwang KC, Song BW. Recent advances in stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative disease: Three dimensional tracing and its emerging use. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1215-1230. [PMID: 34630859 PMCID: PMC8474717 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i9.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease is a brain disorder caused by the loss of structure and function of neurons that lowers the quality of human life. Apart from the limited potential for endogenous regeneration, stem cell-based therapies hold considerable promise for maintaining homeostatic tissue regeneration and enhancing plasticity. Despite many studies, there remains insufficient evidence for stem cell tracing and its correlation with endogenous neural cells in brain tissue with three-dimensional structures. Recent advancements in tissue optical clearing techniques have been developed to overcome the existing shortcomings of cross-sectional tissue analysis in thick and complex tissues. This review focuses on recent progress of stem cell treatments to improve neurodegenerative disease, and introduces tissue optical clearing techniques that can implement a three-dimensional image as a proof of concept. This review provides a more comprehensive understanding of stem cell tracing that will play an important role in evaluating therapeutic efficacy and cellular interrelationship for regeneration in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Kwon Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, South Korea
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangwon-do 25601, South Korea
| | - Jun-Hee Park
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, South Korea
| | - Bomi Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, South Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, South Korea
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangwon-do 25601, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Wook Song
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, South Korea
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangwon-do 25601, South Korea.
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6
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Friedrich RP, Cicha I, Alexiou C. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092337. [PMID: 34578651 PMCID: PMC8466586 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, many promising nanotechnological approaches to biomedical research have been developed in order to increase implementation of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering in clinical practice. In the meantime, the use of nanomaterials for the regeneration of diseased or injured tissues is considered advantageous in most areas of medicine. In particular, for the treatment of cardiovascular, osteochondral and neurological defects, but also for the recovery of functions of other organs such as kidney, liver, pancreas, bladder, urethra and for wound healing, nanomaterials are increasingly being developed that serve as scaffolds, mimic the extracellular matrix and promote adhesion or differentiation of cells. This review focuses on the latest developments in regenerative medicine, in which iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) play a crucial role for tissue engineering and cell therapy. IONPs are not only enabling the use of non-invasive observation methods to monitor the therapy, but can also accelerate and enhance regeneration, either thanks to their inherent magnetic properties or by functionalization with bioactive or therapeutic compounds, such as drugs, enzymes and growth factors. In addition, the presence of magnetic fields can direct IONP-labeled cells specifically to the site of action or induce cell differentiation into a specific cell type through mechanotransduction.
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7
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Sykova E, Cizkova D, Kubinova S. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:695900. [PMID: 34295897 PMCID: PMC8290345 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.695900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies with various stem cells, their secretomes, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) indicate their use as a promising strategy for the treatment of various diseases and tissue defects, including neurodegenerative diseases such as spinal cord injury (SCI) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Autologous and allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are so far the best candidates for use in regenerative medicine. Here we review the effects of the implantation of MSCs (progenitors of mesodermal origin) in animal models of SCI and ALS and in clinical studies. MSCs possess multilineage differentiation potential and are easily expandable in vitro. These cells, obtained from bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue, Wharton jelly, or even other tissues, have immunomodulatory and paracrine potential, releasing a number of cytokines and factors which inhibit the proliferation of T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells and modify dendritic cell activity. They are hypoimmunogenic, migrate toward lesion sites, induce better regeneration, preserve perineuronal nets, and stimulate neural plasticity. There is a wide use of MSC systemic application or MSCs seeded on scaffolds and tissue bridges made from various synthetic and natural biomaterials, including human decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) or nanofibers. The positive effects of MSC implantation have been recorded in animals with SCI lesions and ALS. Moreover, promising effects of autologous as well as allogenic MSCs for the treatment of SCI and ALS were demonstrated in recent clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sykova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dasa Cizkova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Centre for Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Sarka Kubinova
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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8
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Zhuang WZ, Lin YH, Su LJ, Wu MS, Jeng HY, Chang HC, Huang YH, Ling TY. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-based therapy: mechanism, systemic safety and biodistribution for precision clinical applications. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:28. [PMID: 33849537 PMCID: PMC8043779 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00725-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising resource for cell-based therapy because of their high immunomodulation ability, tropism towards inflamed and injured tissues, and their easy access and isolation. Currently, there are more than 1200 registered MSC clinical trials globally. However, a lack of standardized methods to characterize cell safety, efficacy, and biodistribution dramatically hinders the progress of MSC utility in clinical practice. In this review, we summarize the current state of MSC-based cell therapy, focusing on the systemic safety and biodistribution of MSCs. MSC-associated risks of tumor initiation and promotion and the underlying mechanisms of these risks are discussed. In addition, MSC biodistribution methodology and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cell therapies are addressed. Better understanding of the systemic safety and biodistribution of MSCs will facilitate future clinical applications of precision medicine using stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhan Zhuang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Heng Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10041, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, 64041, Taiwan
| | - Long-Jyun Su
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shiue Wu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yin Jeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Cheng Chang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,TMU Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Thai-Yen Ling
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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Rajendran RL, Jogalekar MP, Gangadaran P, Ahn BC. Noninvasive in vivo cell tracking using molecular imaging: A useful tool for developing mesenchymal stem cell-based cancer treatment. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1492-1510. [PMID: 33505597 PMCID: PMC7789123 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i12.1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence has emphasized the potential of cell therapies in treating various diseases by restoring damaged tissues or replacing defective cells in the body. Cell therapies have become a strong therapeutic modality by applying noninvasive in vivo molecular imaging for examining complex cellular processes, understanding pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases, and evaluating the kinetics/dynamics of cell therapies. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promise in recent years as drug carriers for cancer treatment. They can also be labeled with different probes and tracked in vivo to assess the in vivo effect of administered cells, and to optimize therapy. The exact role of MSCs in oncologic diseases is not clear as MSCs have been shown to be involved in tumor progression and inhibition, and the exact interactions between MSCs and specific cancer microenvironments are not clear. In this review, a multitude of labeling approaches, imaging modalities, and the merits/demerits of each strategy are outlined. In addition, specific examples of the use of MSCs and in vivo imaging in cancer therapy are provided. Finally, present limitations and future outlooks in terms of the translation of different imaging approaches in clinics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, South Korea
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10
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Abstract
Many labs have been developing cellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using both superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and fluorine-19 (19F)-based cell labels, to track immune and stem cells used for cellular therapies. Although SPION-based MRI cell tracking has very high sensitivity for cell detection, SPIONs are indirectly detected owing to relaxation effects on protons, producing negative magnetic resonance contrast with low signal specificity. Therefore, it is not possible to reliably quantify the local tissue concentration of SPION particles, and cell number cannot be determined. 19F-based cell tracking has high specificity for perfluorocarbon-labeled cells, and 19F signal is directly related to cell number. However, 19F MRI has low sensitivity. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new imaging modality that directly detects SPIONs. SPION-based cell tracking using MPI displays great potential for overcoming the challenges of MRI-based cell tracking, allowing for both high cellular sensitivity and specificity, and quantification of SPION-labeled cell number. Here we describe nanoparticle and MPI system factors that influence MPI sensitivity and resolution, quantification methods, and give our perspective on testing and applying MPI for cell tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C. Sehl
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute; and
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Julia J. Gevaert
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute; and
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kierstin P. Melo
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute; and
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Natasha N. Knier
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute; and
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Paula J. Foster
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute; and
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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11
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Jang SE, Qiu L, Chan LL, Tan EK, Zeng L. Current Status of Stem Cell-Derived Therapies for Parkinson's Disease: From Cell Assessment and Imaging Modalities to Clinical Trials. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:558532. [PMID: 33177975 PMCID: PMC7596695 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.558532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Curative therapies or treatments reversing the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD) have attracted considerable interest in the last few decades. PD is characterized by the gradual loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and decreased striatal dopamine levels. Current challenges include optimizing neuroprotective strategies, developing personalized drug therapy, and minimizing side effects from the long-term prescription of pharmacological drugs used to relieve short-term motor symptoms. Transplantation of DA cells into PD patients’ brains to replace degenerated DA has the potential to change the treatment paradigm. Herein, we provide updates on current progress in stem cell-derived DA neuron transplantation as a therapeutic alternative for PD. We briefly highlight cell sources for transplantation and focus on cell assessment methods such as identification of genetic markers, single-cell sequencing, and imaging modalities used to access cell survival and function. More importantly, we summarize clinical reports of patients who have undergone cell-derived transplantation in PD to better perceive lessons that can be drawn from past and present clinical outcomes. Modifying factors include (1) source of the stem cells, (2) quality of the stem cells, (3) age of the patient, (4) stage of disease progression at the time of cell therapy, (5) surgical technique/practices, and (6) the use of immunosuppression. We await the outcomes of joint efforts in clinical trials around the world such as NYSTEM and CiRA to further guide us in the selection of the most suitable parameters for cell-based neurotransplantation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Eun Jang
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lifeng Qiu
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling Ling Chan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke University and National University of Singapore (DUKE-NUS), Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke University and National University of Singapore (DUKE-NUS), Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital Campus, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Zeng
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke University and National University of Singapore (DUKE-NUS), Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Novena Campus, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Nucci MP, Filgueiras IS, Ferreira JM, de Oliveira FA, Nucci LP, Mamani JB, Rego GNA, Gamarra LF. Stem cell homing, tracking and therapeutic efficiency evaluation for stroke treatment using nanoparticles: A systematic review. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:381-405. [PMID: 32547686 PMCID: PMC7280869 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i5.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. There is a real need to develop treatment strategies for reducing neurological deficits in stroke survivors, and stem cell (SC) therapeutics appear to be a promising alternative for stroke therapy that can be used in combination with approved thrombolytic or thrombectomy approaches. However, the efficacy of SC therapy depends on the SC homing ability and engraftment into the injury site over a long period of time. Nonetheless, tracking SCs from their niche to the target tissues is a complex process.
AIM To evaluate SC migration homing, tracking and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of stroke using nanoparticles
METHODS A systematic literature search was performed to identify articles published prior to November 2019 that were indexed in PubMed and Scopus. The following inclusion criteria were used: (1) Studies that used in vivo models of stroke or ischemic brain lesions; (2) Studies of SCs labeled with some type of contrast agent for cell migration detection; and (3) Studies that involved in vivo cellular homing and tracking analysis.
RESULTS A total of 82 articles were identified by indexing in Scopus and PubMed. After the inclusion criteria were applied, 35 studies were selected, and the articles were assessed for eligibility; ultimately, only 25 studies were included. Most of the selected studies used SCs from human and mouse bone marrow labeled with magnetic nanoparticles alone or combined with fluorophore dyes. These cells were administered in the stroke model (to treat middle cerebral artery occlusion in 74% of studies and for photothrombotic induction in 26% of studies). Fifty-three percent of studies used xenogeneic grafts for cell therapy, and the migration homing and tracking evaluation was performed by magnetic resonance imaging as well as other techniques, such as near-infrared fluorescence imaging (12%) or bioluminescence assays (12%).
CONCLUSION Our systematic review provided an up-to-date evaluation of SC migration homing and the efficacy of cellular therapy for stroke treatment in terms of functional and structural improvements in the late stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Penteado Nucci
- LIM44, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05529-060, Brazil
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Nejadnik H, Jung KO, Theruvath AJ, Kiru L, Liu A, Wu W, Sulchek T, Pratx G, Daldrup-Link HE. Instant labeling of therapeutic cells for multimodality imaging. Theranostics 2020; 10:6024-6034. [PMID: 32483435 PMCID: PMC7255004 DOI: 10.7150/thno.39554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous therapeutic cells are typically harvested and transplanted in one single surgery. This makes it impossible to label them with imaging biomarkers through classical transfection techniques in a laboratory. To solve this problem, we developed a novel microfluidic device, which provides highly efficient labeling of therapeutic cells with imaging biomarkers through mechanoporation. Methods: Studies were performed with a new, custom-designed microfluidic device, which contains ridges, which compress adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) during their device passage. Cell relaxation after compression leads to cell volume exchange for convective transfer of nanoparticles and nanoparticle uptake into the cell. ADSCs were passed through the microfluidic device doped with iron oxide nanoparticles and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). The cellular nanoparticle and radiotracer uptake was evaluated with DAB-Prussian blue, fluorescent microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP). Labeled and unlabeled ADSCs were imaged in vitro as well as ex vivo in pig knee specimen with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). T2 relaxation times and radiotracer signal were compared between labeled and unlabeled cell transplants using Student T-test with p<0.05. Results: We report significant labeling of ADSCs with iron oxide nanoparticles and 18F-FDG within 12+/-3 minutes. Mechanoporation of ADSCs with our microfluidic device led to significant nanoparticle (> 1 pg iron per cell) and 18F-FDG uptake (61 mBq/cell), with a labeling efficiency of 95%. The labeled ADSCs could be detected with MRI and PET imaging technologies: Nanoparticle labeled ADSC demonstrated significantly shorter T2 relaxation times (24.2±2.1 ms) compared to unlabeled cells (79.6±0.8 ms) on MRI (p<0.05) and 18F-FDG labeled ADSC showed significantly higher radiotracer uptake (614.3 ± 9.5 Bq / 1×104 cells) compared to controls (0.0 ± 0.0 Bq/ 1×104 cells) on gamma counting (p<0.05). After implantation of dual-labeled ADSCs into pig knee specimen, the labeled ADSCs revealed significantly shorter T2 relaxation times (41±0.6 ms) compared to unlabeled controls (90±1.8 ms) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The labeling of therapeutic cells with our new microfluidic device does not require any chemical intervention, therefore it is broadly and immediately clinically applicable. Cellular labeling using mechanoporation can improve our understanding of in vivo biodistributions of therapeutic cells and ultimately improve long-term outcomes of therapeutic cell transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Nejadnik
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kyung Oh Jung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ashok J. Theruvath
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Louise Kiru
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Anna Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Todd Sulchek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Guillem Pratx
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Heike E. Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, CA, 94305, USA
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Levy ML, Crawford JR, Dib N, Verkh L, Tankovich N, Cramer SC. Phase I/II Study of Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of Intravenous Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Chronic Stroke. Stroke 2019; 50:2835-2841. [PMID: 31495331 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.026318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability. Limited treatment options exist for patients with chronic stroke and substantial functional deficits. The current study examined safety and preliminary efficacy estimates of intravenous allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells in this population. Methods- Entry criteria included ischemic stroke >6 months prior and substantial impairment (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥6) and disability. Enrollees received a single intravenous dose of allogeneic ischemia-tolerant mesenchymal stem cells. Phase 1 used a dose-escalation design (3 tiers, n=5 each). Phase 2 was an expanded safety cohort. The primary end point was safety over 1-year. Secondary end points examined behavioral change. Results- In phase 1 (n=15), each dose (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 million cells/kg body weight) was found safe, so phase 2 subjects (n=21) received 1.5 million cells/kg. At baseline, subjects (n=36) averaged 4.2±4.6 years poststroke, age 61.1±10.8 years, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 8 (6.5-10), and Barthel Index 65±29. Two were lost to follow-up, one was withdrawn and 2 died (unrelated to study treatment). Of 15 serious adverse events, none was possibly or probably related to study treatment. Two mild adverse events were possibly related to study treatment, a urinary tract infection and intravenous site irritation. Treatment was safe based on serial exams, electrocardiograms, laboratory tests, and computed tomography scans of chest/abdomen/pelvis. All behavioral end points showed significant gains over the 12-months of follow-up. For example, Barthel Index scores increased by 6.8±11.4 points (mean±SD) at 6-months (P=0.002) and by 10.8±15.5 points at 12-months (P<0.001) post-infusion; the proportion of patients achieving excellent functional outcome (Barthel score ≥95) increased from 11.4% at baseline to 27.3% at 6-months and to 35.5% at 12-months. Conclusions- Intravenous transfusion of allogeneic ischemia-tolerant mesenchymal stem cell in patients with chronic stroke and substantial functional deficits was safe and suggested behavioral gains. These data support proceeding to a randomized, placebo-controlled study of this therapy in this population. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01297413.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Levy
- From the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (M.L.L., J.R.C.)
| | - John R Crawford
- From the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (M.L.L., J.R.C.)
| | - Nabil Dib
- Mercy Gilbert Medical Center and Chandler Regional Medical Center, Chandler, AZ (N.D.)
| | - Lev Verkh
- Stemedica Cell Technologies Inc, San Diego, CA (L.V., N.T.)
| | | | - Steven C Cramer
- Department of Neurology and the Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center (S.C.C.), University of California, Irvine
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15
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Vissers C, Ming GL, Song H. Nanoparticle technology and stem cell therapy team up against neurodegenerative disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:239-251. [PMID: 30797953 PMCID: PMC6703981 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The convergence of nanoparticles and stem cell therapy holds great promise for the study, diagnosis, and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Researchers aim to harness the power of nanoparticles to regulate cellular microenvironment, improve the efficiency of cell and drug delivery to the brain, and enhance the survival of stem cell transplants. Understanding the various properties of different nanoparticles is key to applying them to clinical therapies; the many distinct types of nanoparticles offer unique capacities for medical imaging, diagnosis, and treatment of neurodegeneration disorders. In this review we introduce the biology of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's Disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and discuss the potentials and shortcomings of metal, silica, lipid-based, polymeric, and hydrogel nanoparticles for diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. We then provide an overview of current strategies in stem cell therapies and how they can be combined with nanotechnology to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vissers
- The Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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16
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Parkins KM, Makela AV, Hamilton AM, Foster PJ. Cellular Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Tracking Metastatic Cancer Cells in the Brain. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1869:239-251. [PMID: 30324528 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8805-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables visualization of cells in vivo. This is accomplished by labeling cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Here, we describe the steps for labeling human cancer cells with iron for tracking them after injection into nude mice. We also provide details for validation of cell labeling, ultrasound guided intra-cardiac injection, and MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Parkins
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley V Makela
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Paula J Foster
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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17
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Meng Y, Liu H, Bian N, Gong J, Zhong X, Huang C, Liang W, Xu H. In vitro study on human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells transfected with lentivirus-mediated hNIS-EGFP dual reporter gene and co-labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2208-2218. [PMID: 30186460 PMCID: PMC6122337 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to establish a stem cell line for multi-mode imaging (in vivo fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging and 99mTc single-photon emission computed tomography) and to study the biological activity, stemness, proliferative activity and differentiation ability of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO), human sodium/iodide symporter (hNIS) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) co-labeled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs). The EGFP reporter gene was selected to indirectly reflect the expression of target gene hNIS, and hUCMSCs were re-transfected with the successfully constructed recombinant plasmid pCMV-NIS-EF1-GFP-PGK-puro. When a stem cell line stably expressing hNIS and EGFP was obtained, the cells were incubated with 30 µg/ml SPIO to obtain hNIS, EGFP and SPIO co-labeled stem cells. The protein expressions of hNIS and EGFP were identified using western blot analysis, and the protein function of hNIS was identified by 125I influx and 125I efflux experiments. hNIS-EGFP-hUCMSCs were labeled with SPIO under the mediation of poly-L-lysine, and SPIO, hNIS and EGFP co-labeled hUCMSCs were established successfully. Staining with Prussian blue confirmed that 98% of cells were successfully labeled with SPIO. Western blotting results demonstrated positive hNIS and EGFP protein expression levels, and 125I influx and 125I efflux experiments confirmed that the protein function of hUCMSCs after expressing hNIS was normal. The uptake of 125I was higher in cell lines hNIS-EGFP-hUCMSCs than in control hUCMSCs (fold change: 16.43±2.30 times; P<0.05). The stemness of hNIS-EGFP-hUCMSCs was found to be slightly decreased but not statistically significant; the overall characteristics of stem cells remained unchanged. The assessments of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation suggest that hNIS-EGFP-hUCMSCs have no significantly different characteristics compared with primary hUCMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Ning Bian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Jian Gong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Xing Zhong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Chunrong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Wenxue Liang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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18
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González-Nieto D, Fernández-García L, Pérez-Rigueiro J, Guinea GV, Panetsos F. Hydrogels-Assisted Cell Engraftment for Repairing the Stroke-Damaged Brain: Chimera or Reality. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10020184. [PMID: 30966220 PMCID: PMC6415003 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of advanced biomaterials as a structural and functional support for stem cells-based therapeutic implants has boosted the development of tissue engineering applications in multiple clinical fields. In relation to neurological disorders, we are still far from the clinical reality of restoring normal brain function in neurodegenerative diseases and cerebrovascular disorders. Hydrogel polymers show unique mechanical stiffness properties in the range of living soft tissues such as nervous tissue. Furthermore, the use of these polymers drastically enhances the engraftment of stem cells as well as their capacity to produce and deliver neuroprotective and neuroregenerative factors in the host tissue. Along this article, we review past and current trends in experimental and translational research to understand the opportunities, benefits, and types of tentative hydrogel-based applications for the treatment of cerebral disorders. Although the use of hydrogels for brain disorders has been restricted to the experimental area, the current level of knowledge anticipates an intense development of this field to reach clinics in forthcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Nieto
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Tecnología Fotónica y Bioingeniería, ETSI Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Fernández-García
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Pérez-Rigueiro
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gustavo V Guinea
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fivos Panetsos
- Neurocomputing and Neurorobotics Research Group: Faculty of Biology and Faculty of Optics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos Madrid, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Stem Cell Tracing Through MR Molecular Imaging. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 15:249-261. [PMID: 30603551 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy opens a new window in medicine to overcome several diseases that remain incurable. It appears such diseases as cardiovascular disorders, brain injury, multiple sclerosis, urinary system diseases, cartilage lesions and diabetes are curable with stem cell transplantation. However, some questions related to stem cell therapy have remained unanswered. Stem cell imaging allows approval of appropriated strategies such as selection of the type and dose of stem cell, and also mode of cell delivery before being tested in clinical trials. MRI as a non-invasive imaging modality provides proper conditions for this aim. So far, different contrast agents such as superparamagnetic or paramagnetic nanoparticles, ultrasmall superparamagnetic nanoparticles, fluorine, gadolinium and some types of reporter genes have been used for imaging of stem cells. The core subject of these studies is to investigate the survival and differentiation of stem cells, contrast agent's toxicity and long term following of transplanted cells. The promising results of in vivo and some clinical trial studies may raise hope for clinical stem cells imaging with MRI.
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20
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Forouzanfar F, Amin B, Ghorbani A, Ghazavi H, Ghasemi F, Sadri K, Mehri S, Sadeghnia HR, Hosseinzadeh H. New approach for the treatment of neuropathic pain: Fibroblast growth factor 1 gene-transfected adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Eur J Pain 2017; 22:295-310. [PMID: 28949091 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain triggered by peripheral nerve lesion is extremely difficult to manage with current approaches, hence the importance of exploring therapeutic alternatives. METHODS We have analysed adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) and fibroblast growth factor 1 gene-transfected adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs FGF1 ) on chronic constriction injury (CCI). The mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity were assessed using the von Frey filament, radiant heat and acetone drop tests. Histopathological and apoptotic changes and the level of FGF1, GFAP and TNFα proteins were assessed in the lumbar portion (L4-L6). Moreover, AD-MSCs FGF1 were labelled with 99m Tc -HMPAO and isolated organ counting were performed upon AD-MSCs FGF1 administration. RESULTS Administration of AD-MSCs FGF1 attenuated the CCI-induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. Spinal structural alterations and apoptosis were decreased in the AD-MSCs FGF1 group. The injection of either phosphate-buffered saline or normal NIH3T3 fibroblasts could not attenuate the behavioural symptoms of neuropathic pain. Increased genetically engineered cells were counted in the injured sciatic nerve and the elevated levels of FGF1 were detected in the spinal tissue. Stem cell therapy lead to decrement the level of the CCI-induced TNF-α and GFAP expression. CONCLUSION The intravenous administration of AD-MSCs FGF1 could be considered as a potential remedy for the management of neuropathic pain. SIGNIFICANCE AD-MSCs FGF1 attenuated the CCI-induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. Spinal structural alterations and apoptosis were significantly decreased in the AD-MSCs FGF1 group. Elevated levels of FGF1 were detected in the spinal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Forouzanfar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - B Amin
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - A Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H Ghazavi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - F Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
| | - K Sadri
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - S Mehri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H R Sadeghnia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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21
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Stem Cell Tracking Technologies for Neurological Regenerative Medicine Purposes. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:2934149. [PMID: 29138636 PMCID: PMC5613625 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2934149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing field of stem cell therapy is moving toward clinical trials in a variety of applications, particularly for neurological diseases. However, this translation of cell therapies into humans has prompted a need to create innovative and breakthrough methods for stem cell tracing, to explore the migration routes and its reciprocity with microenvironment targets in the body, to monitor and track the outcome after stem cell transplantation therapy, and to track the distribution and cell viability of transplanted cells noninvasively and longitudinally. Recently, a larger number of cell tracking methods in vivo were developed and applied in animals and humans, including magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine imaging, and optical imaging. This review has been intended to summarize the current use of those imaging tools in tracking stem cells, detailing their main features and drawbacks, including image resolution, tissue penetrating depth, and biosafety aspects. Finally, we address that multimodality imaging method will be a more potential tracking tool in the future clinical application.
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22
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Pan Y, Jiao G, Yang J, Guo R, Li J, Wang C. Insights into the Therapeutic Potential of Heparinized Collagen Scaffolds Loading Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Nerve Growth Factor for the Repair of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:317-326. [PMID: 30603488 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury can result in unilateral or bilateral vocal cords paralysis, thereby causing a series of complications, such as hoarseness and dyspnea. However, the repair of RLN remains a great challenge in current medicine. This study aimed to develop human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (HuMSCs) and nerve growth factor (NGF)-loaded heparinized collagen scaffolds (HuMSCs/NGF HC-scaffolds) and evaluate their potential in the repair of RLN injury. HuMSCs/NGF HC-scaffolds were prepared through incorporating HuMSCs and NGF into heparinized collagen scaffolds that were prefabricated by freeze-drying in a template. The resulting scaffolds were characterized by FTIR, SEM, porosity, degradation in vitro, NGF release in vitro and bioactivity. A rabbit RLN injury model was constructed to appraise the performance of HuMSCs/NGF HC-scaffolds for nerve injury repair. Electrophysiology, histomorphology and diagnostic proteins expression for treated nerves were checked after application of various scaffolds. The results showed that the composite scaffolds with HuMSCs and NGF were rather helpful for the repair of broken RLN. The RLN treated with HuMSCs/NGF HC-scaffolds for 8 weeks produced a relatively normal electromyogram, and the levels of calcium-binding protein S100, neurofilament and AchE pertinent to nerve were found to be close to the normal ones but higher than those resulted from other scaffolds. Taken together, HuMSCs/NGF HC-scaffolds exhibited a high score on the nerve injury repair and may be valuable for the remedy of RLN injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqin Pan
- 1Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630 People's Republic of China
| | - Genlong Jiao
- 2Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingge Yang
- 1Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630 People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- 3College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyi Li
- 1Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630 People's Republic of China
| | - Cunchuan Wang
- 1Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630 People's Republic of China
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23
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Schomann T, Mezzanotte L, Lourens IALM, de Groot JCMJ, Frijns JHM, Huisman MA. Lentiviral transduction and subsequent loading with nanoparticles do not affect cell viability and proliferation in hair-follicle-bulge-derived stem cells in vitro. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2016; 11:550-560. [PMID: 27976505 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The application of stem cells in the treatment of various degenerative diseases is highly promising. However, cell-based therapy could be limited by the problem of low viability of grafted cells and uncertainty about their fate. The combination of molecular imaging and contrast-enhanced MRI may give more insight into the survival and behavior of grafted stem cells. We explore hair-follicle-bulge-derived stem cells (HFBSCs) as a potential candidate for autologous cell-based therapy. HFBSCs are transduced with a lentiviral construct with genes coding for bioluminescent (Luc2) and fluorescent (copGFP) reporter proteins, and subsequently loaded with magnetic nanoparticles to enable MRI visualization. Thus, we investigate for the first time if lentiviral transduction and cellular loading with nanoparticles have a cytotoxic effect upon these stem cells. Transduction efficiency, proliferation rate, cell viability and reporter protein co-expression during long-term culture of transduced HFBSCs were studied using fluorescence and bioluminescence microscopy. In addition, the effect of TMSR50 nanoparticles on proliferation and viability was investigated using the MTS assay and bioluminescence microscopy. The amount of TMSR50-loaded HFBSCs needed to reach signal threshold for MRI was assessed using an agarose phantom. Transduction with the Luc2-copGFP construct did not influence senescence, proliferation, doubling time, and differentiation of the HFBSCs. CopGFP expression was visible immediately after transduction and persisted for at least 15 passages, concomitantly with Luc2 expression. Cellular loading with TMSR50 nanoparticles did not affect cell viability and proliferation. The results imply that combined MRI and bioluminescence imaging may enable in vivo localization and long-term monitoring of grafted viable HFBSCs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Schomann
- Auditory Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Optical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ierry-Ann-Lym M Lourens
- Auditory Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - John C M J de Groot
- Auditory Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan H M Frijns
- Auditory Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margriet A Huisman
- Auditory Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Mannucci S, Calderan L, Quaranta P, Antonini S, Mosca F, Longoni B, Marzola P, Boschi F. Quantum dots labelling allows detection of the homing of mesenchymal stem cells administered as immunomodulatory therapy in an experimental model of pancreatic islets transplantation. J Anat 2016; 230:381-388. [PMID: 27861845 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell transplantation is considered a promising therapeutic approach in several pathologies but still needs innovative and non-invasive imaging technologies to be validated. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attracts major interest in clinical transplantation thanks to their regenerative properties, low immunogenicity and ability to regulate immune responses. In several animal models, MSCs are used in co-transplantation with pancreatic islets (PIs) for the treatment of type I diabetes, supporting graft survival and prolonging normal glycaemia levels. In this study we investigated the homing of systemically administered MSCs in a rat model of pancreatic portal vein transplantation. MSCs labelled with quantum dots (Qdots) were systemically injected by tail vein and monitored by optical fluorescence imaging. The fluorescence signal of the liver in animals co-transplanted with MSCs and PIs was significantly higher than in control animals in which MSCs alone were transplanted. By using magnetic labelling of PIs, the homing of PIs into liver was independently confirmed. These results demonstrate that MSCs injected in peripheral blood vessels preferentially accumulate into liver when PIs are transplanted in the same organ. Moreover, we prove that bimodal MRI-fluorescence imaging allows specific monitoring of the fate of two types of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mannucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Calderan
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Quaranta
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Antonini
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Franco Mosca
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Longoni
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pasquina Marzola
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Boschi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Zuidema JM, Gilbert RJ, Osterhout DJ. Nanoparticle Technologies in the Spinal Cord. Cells Tissues Organs 2016; 202:102-115. [PMID: 27701150 DOI: 10.1159/000446647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are increasingly being studied within experimental models of spinal cord injury (SCI). They are used to image cells and tissue, move cells to specific regions of the spinal cord, and deliver therapeutic agents locally. The focus of this article is to provide a brief overview of the different types of nanoparticles being studied for spinal cord applications and present data showing the capability of nanoparticles to deliver the chondroitinase ABC (chABC) enzyme locally following acute SCI in rats. Nanoparticles releasing chABC helped promote axonal regeneration following injury, and the nanoparticles also protected the enzyme from rapid degradation. In summary, nanoparticles are viable materials for diagnostic or therapeutic applications within experimental models of SCI and have potential for future clinical use.
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Kakabadze Z, Kipshidze N, Mardaleishvili K, Chutkerashvili G, Chelishvili I, Harders A, Loladze G, Shatirishvili G, Kipshidze N, Chakhunashvili D, Chutkerashvili K. Phase 1 Trial of Autologous Bone Marrow Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6768274. [PMID: 27433165 PMCID: PMC4940566 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6768274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. A total of 18 patients, with complete motor deficits and paraplegia caused by thoracic and lumbar spine trauma without muscle atrophy or psychiatric problems, were included into this study. Materials and Methods. The bone marrow was aspirated from the anterior iliac crest under local anesthesia and the mononuclear fraction was isolated by density gradient method. At least 750 million mononuclear-enriched cells, suspended in 2 mL of saline, were infused intrathecally. Results and Discussion. The study reports demonstrated improvement of motor and sensory functions of various degrees observed in 9 of the 18 (50%) cases after bone marrow stem cell transplantation. Measured by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale, 7 (78%) out of the 9 patients observed an improvement by one grade, while two cases (22%) saw an improvement by two grades. However, there were no cases in which the condition was improved by three grades. Conclusions. Analysis of subsequent treatment results indicated that the transplantation of mononuclear-enriched autologous BMSCs is a feasible and safe technique. However, successful application of the BMSCs in the clinical practice is associated with the necessity of executing more detailed examinations to evaluate the effect of BMSCs on the patients with spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zurab Kakabadze
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Tbilisi State Medical University, 0177 Tbilisi, Georgia
- N. Kipshidze Central University Hospital, 0177 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nickolas Kipshidze
- N. Kipshidze Central University Hospital, 0177 Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Endovascular Therapy, New York Cardiovascular Research, New York, NY 10128, USA
| | | | - Gocha Chutkerashvili
- Department of Cell Therapy and Cancer Immunotherapy, Cancer Research Centre, 0177 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Irakli Chelishvili
- Department of Neurosurgery, Archangel St. Michael Multi Profile Clinical Hospital, 0112 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Albrecht Harders
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - George Loladze
- Department of Cell Therapy and Cancer Immunotherapy, Cancer Research Centre, 0177 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Gocha Shatirishvili
- Department of Cell Therapy and Cancer Immunotherapy, Cancer Research Centre, 0177 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nodar Kipshidze
- N. Kipshidze Central University Hospital, 0177 Tbilisi, Georgia
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - David Chakhunashvili
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Tbilisi State Medical University, 0177 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Konstantine Chutkerashvili
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Tbilisi State Medical University, 0177 Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Archangel St. Michael Multi Profile Clinical Hospital, 0112 Tbilisi, Georgia
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Mishra PJ, Mishra PJ, Banerjee D. Keratinocyte Induced Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Dermal Myofibroblasts: A Role in Effective Wound Healing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2016:5-32. [PMID: 27294075 DOI: 10.13052/ijts2246-8765.2016.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) migrate toward human keratinocytes as well as toward conditioned medium from cultured human keratinocytes (KCM) indicating that the hMSCs respond to signals from keratinocytes [1]. Using fluorescently labeled cells we now show that in vitro hMSCs appear to surround keratinocytes, and this organization is recapitulated in vivo. Incubation of hMSCs with KCM induced dermal myofibroblast like differentiation characterized by expression of cytoskeletal markers and increased expression of cytokines including SDF-1, IL-8, IL-6 and CXCL5. Interaction of keratinocytes with hMSCs appears to be important in the wound healing process. Therapeutic efficacy of hMSCs in wound healing was examined in two animal models representing normal and chronic wound healing. Accelerated wound healing was observed when hMSCs and KCM exposed hMSCs (KCMSCs) were injected near wound site in nude and NOD/SCID mice. Long term follow up of wound healing revealed that in the hMSC treated wounds there was little evidence of residual scarring. These dermal myofibroblast like hMSCs add to the wound healing process. Together, the keratinocyte and hMSCs morphed dermal myofibroblast like cells as well as the factors secreted by these cells support wound healing with minimal scarring. The ability of hMSCs to support wound healing process represents another striking example of the importance of keratinocyte and hMSCs interplay in the wound microenvironment resulting in effective wound healing with minimal scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin J Mishra
- Intermountain Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Dixie Regional Medical Center 292 South 1470 East, Suite 201 & 301, St. George, UT 84770, USA
| | - Prasun J Mishra
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, 1, DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Debabrata Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New Brunswick-Piscataway, Rutgers University, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854. USA
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Novotna B, Turnovcova K, Veverka P, Rössner P, Bagryantseva Y, Herynek V, Zvatora P, Vosmanska M, Klementova M, Sykova E, Jendelova P. The impact of silica encapsulated cobalt zinc ferrite nanoparticles on DNA, lipids and proteins of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:662-70. [PMID: 26581309 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1107144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are currently the subject of intense research due to their wide variety of potential applications in the biomedical, optical and electronic fields. We prepared and tested cobalt zinc ferrite nanoparticles (Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4+γ [CZF-NPs]) encapsulated by amorphous silica in order to find a safe contrast agent and magnetic label for tracking transplanted cells within an organism using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) were labeled for 48 h with a low, medium or high dose of CZF-NPs (0.05; 0.11 or 0.55 mM); silica NPs (Si-NPs; 0.11 mM) served as a positive control. The internalization of NPs into cells was verified by transmission electron microscopy. Biological effects were analyzed at the end of exposure and after an additional 72 h of cell growth without NPs. Compared to untreated cells, Annexin V/Propidium Iodide labeling revealed no significant cytotoxicity for any group of treated cells and only a high dose of CZF-NPs slowed down cell proliferation and induced DNA damage, manifested as a significant increase of DNA-strand breaks and oxidized DNA bases. This was accompanied by high concentrations of 15-F2t-isoprostane and carbonyl groups, demonstrating oxidative injury to lipids and proteins, respectively. No harmful effects were detected in cells exposed to the low dose of CZF-NPs. Nevertheless, the labeled cells still exhibited an adequate relaxation rate for MRI in repeated experiments and ICP-MS confirmed sufficient magnetic label concentrations inside the cells. The results suggest that the silica-coated CZF-NPs, when applied at a non-toxic dose, represent a promising contrast agent for cell labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Novotna
- a Department of Genetic Ecotoxicology , Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR , v.v.i., Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Turnovcova
- a Department of Genetic Ecotoxicology , Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR , v.v.i., Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Veverka
- b Institute of Physics, AS CR, v.v.i. , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rössner
- a Department of Genetic Ecotoxicology , Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR , v.v.i., Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Yana Bagryantseva
- a Department of Genetic Ecotoxicology , Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR , v.v.i., Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Vit Herynek
- c Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | | | - Magda Vosmanska
- e University of Chemistry and Technology , Prague , Czech Republic , and
| | - Mariana Klementova
- f New Technologies - Research Centre, University of West Bohemia , Pilsen , Czech Republic
| | - Eva Sykova
- a Department of Genetic Ecotoxicology , Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR , v.v.i., Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- a Department of Genetic Ecotoxicology , Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR , v.v.i., Prague , Czech Republic
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29
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Jendelová P, Kubinová Š, Sandvig I, Erceg S, Sandvig A, Syková E. Current developments in cell- and biomaterial-based approaches for stroke repair. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 16:43-56. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1094457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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McMahill BG, Spriet M, Sisó S, Manzer MD, Mitchell G, McGee J, Garcia TC, Borjesson DL, Sieber-Blum M, Nolta JA, Sturges BK. Feasibility Study of Canine Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cell Transplantation in the Spinal Cords of Dogs. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1173-86. [PMID: 26273065 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED This pilot feasibility study aimed to determine the outcome of canine epidermal neural crest stem cell (cEPI-NCSC) grafts in the normal spinal cords of healthy bred-for-research dogs. This included developing novel protocols for (a) the ex vivo expansion of cEPI-NCSCs, (b) the delivery of cEPI-NCSCs into the spinal cord, and (c) the labeling of the cells and subsequent tracing of the graft in the live animal by magnetic resonance imaging. A total of four million cEPI-NCSCs were injected into the spinal cord divided in two locations. Differences in locomotion at baseline and post-treatment were evaluated by gait analysis and compared with neurological outcome and behavioral exams. Histopathological analyses of the spinal cords and cEPI-NCSC grafts were performed at 3 weeks post-transplantation. Neurological and gait parameters were minimally affected by the stem cell injection. cEPI-NCSCs survived in the canine spinal cord for the entire period of investigation and did not migrate or proliferate. Subsets of cEPI-NCSCs expressed the neural crest stem cell marker Sox10. There was no detectable expression of markers for glial cells or neurons. The tissue reaction to the cell graft was predominantly vascular in addition to a degree of reactive astrogliosis and microglial activation. In the present study, we demonstrated that cEPI-NCSC grafts survive in the spinal cords of healthy dogs without major adverse effects. They persist locally in the normal spinal cord, may promote angiogenesis and tissue remodeling, and elicit a tissue response that may be beneficial in patients with spinal cord injury. SIGNIFICANCE It has been established that mouse and human epidermal neural crest stem cells are somatic multipotent stem cells with proved innovative potential in a mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI) offering promise of a valid treatment for SCI. Traumatic SCI is a common neurological problem in dogs with marked similarities, clinically and pathologically, to the syndrome in people. For this reason, dogs provide a readily accessible, clinically realistic, spontaneous model for evaluation of epidermal neural crest stem cells therapeutic intervention. The results of this study are expected to give the baseline data for a future clinical trial in dogs with traumatic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara G McMahill
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and J.D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA; Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mathieu Spriet
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and J.D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA; Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sílvia Sisó
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and J.D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA; Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D Manzer
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and J.D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA; Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gaela Mitchell
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and J.D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA; Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jeannine McGee
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and J.D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA; Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya C Garcia
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and J.D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA; Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Dori L Borjesson
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and J.D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA; Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Maya Sieber-Blum
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and J.D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA; Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and J.D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA; Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Beverly K Sturges
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and J.D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA; Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Gendelman HE, Anantharam V, Bronich T, Ghaisas S, Jin H, Kanthasamy AG, Liu X, McMillan J, Mosley RL, Narasimhan B, Mallapragada SK. Nanoneuromedicines for degenerative, inflammatory, and infectious nervous system diseases. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:751-67. [PMID: 25645958 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Interest in nanoneuromedicine has grown rapidly due to the immediate need for improved biomarkers and therapies for psychiatric, developmental, traumatic, inflammatory, infectious and degenerative nervous system disorders. These, in whole or in part, are a significant societal burden due to growth in numbers of affected people and in disease severity. Lost productivity of the patient and his or her caregiver, and the emotional and financial burden cannot be overstated. The need for improved health care, treatment and diagnostics is immediate. A means to such an end is nanotechnology. Indeed, recent developments of health-care enabling nanotechnologies and nanomedicines range from biomarker discovery including neuroimaging to therapeutic applications for degenerative, inflammatory and infectious disorders of the nervous system. This review focuses on the current and future potential of the field to positively affect clinical outcomes. From the clinical editor: Many nervous system disorders remain unresolved clinical problems. In many cases, drug agents simply cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) into the nervous system. The advent of nanomedicines can enhance the delivery of biologically active molecules for targeted therapy and imaging. This review focused on the use of nanotechnology for degenerative, inflammatory, and infectious diseases in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | | | - Tatiana Bronich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shivani Ghaisas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Huajun Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | | | - Xinming Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Surya K Mallapragada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA.
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Watada Y, Yamashita D, Toyoda M, Tsuchiya K, Hida N, Tanimoto A, Ogawa K, Kanzaki S, Umezawa A. Magnetic resonance monitoring of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled stem cells transplanted into the inner ear. Neurosci Res 2015; 95:21-6. [PMID: 25645157 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the field of regenerative medicine, cell transplantation or cell-based therapies for inner ear defects are considered to be promising candidates for a therapeutic strategy. In this paper, we report on a study that examined the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor stem cells transplanted into the cochlea labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO), a contrast agent commonly used with MRI. First, we demonstrated in vitro that stem cells efficiently took up SPIO particles. This was confirmed by Prussian blue staining and TEM. In MRI studies, T2 relaxation times of SPIO-labeled cells decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Next, we transplanted SPIO-labeled cells directly into the cochlea in vivo and then performed MRI 1h, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks after transplantation. The images were evaluated objectively by measuring signal intensity (SI). SI within the ears receiving transplants was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of control sides at the 1-h assessment. This novel method will be helpful for evaluating stem cell therapies, which represents a new strategy for inner ear regeneration. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that local transplantation of labeled stem cells into the inner ear can be visualized in vivo via MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Watada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamashita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masashi Toyoda
- Department of Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Research Team for Vascular Medicine, Tokyo, Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Tsuchiya
- Department of Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Hida
- Department of Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Research Team for Vascular Medicine, Tokyo, Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tanimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ogawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Kanzaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Ballerini C, Baldi G, Aldinucci A, Maggi P. Nanomaterial applications in multiple sclerosis inflamed brain. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2015; 10:1-13. [PMID: 25616566 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-015-9588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the last years scientific progress in nanomaterials, where size and shape make the difference, has increased their utilization in medicine with the development of a promising new translational science: nanomedicine. Due to their surface and core biophysical properties, nanomaterials hold the promise for medical applications in central nervous system (CNS) diseases: inflammatory, degenerative and tumors. The present review is focused on nanomaterials at the neuro-immune interface, evaluating two aspects: the possible CNS inflammatory response induced by nanomaterials and the developments of nanomaterials to improve treatment and diagnosis of neuroinflammatory diseases, with a focus on multiple sclerosis (MS). Indeed, nanomedicine allows projecting new ways of drug delivery and novel techniques for CNS imaging. Despite the wide field of application in neurological diseases of nanomaterials, our topic here is to review the more recent development of nanomaterials that cross blood brain barrier (BBB) and reach specific target during CNS inflammatory diseases, a crucial strategy for CNS early diagnosis and drug delivery, indeed the main challenges of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ballerini
- Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50137, Florence, Italy,
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Abstract
Although cellular therapies hold great promise for the treatment of human disease, results from several initial clinical trials have not shown a level of efficacy required for their use as a first line therapy. Here we discuss how in vivo molecular imaging has helped identify barriers to clinical translation and potential strategies that may contribute to successful transplantation and improved outcomes, with a focus on cardiovascular and neurological diseases. We conclude with a perspective on the future role of molecular imaging in defining safety and efficacy for clinical implementation of stem cell therapies.
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Muroski ME, Morgan TJ, Levenson CW, Strouse GF. A gold nanoparticle pentapeptide: gene fusion to induce therapeutic gene expression in mesenchymal stem cells. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14763-71. [PMID: 25198921 DOI: 10.1021/ja505190q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been identified as having great potential as autologous cell therapeutics to treat traumatic brain injury and spinal injury as well as neuronal and cardiac ischemic events. All future clinical applications of MSC cell therapies must allow the MSC to be harvested, transfected, and induced to express a desired protein or selection of proteins to have medical benefit. For the full potential of MSC cell therapy to be realized, it is desirable to systematically alter the protein expression of therapeutically beneficial biomolecules in harvested MSC cells with high fidelity in a single transfection event. We have developed a delivery platform on the basis of the use of a solid gold nanoparticle that has been surface modified to produce a fusion containing a zwitterionic, pentapeptide designed from Bax inhibiting peptide (Ku70) to enhance cellular uptake and a linearized expression vector to induce enhanced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rat-derived MSCs. Ku70 is observed to effect >80% transfection following a single treatment of femur bone marrow isolated rat MSCs with efficiencies for the delivery of a 6.6 kbp gene on either a Au nanoparticle (NP) or CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (QD). Gene expression is observed within 4 d by optical measurements, and secretion is observed within 10 d by Western Blot analysis. The combination of being able to selectively engineer the NP, to colocalize biological agents, and to enhance the stability of those agents has provided the strong impetus to utilize this novel class of materials to engineer primary MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Muroski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan Way, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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A comparative study of PKH67, DiI, and BrdU labeling techniques for tracing rat mesenchymal stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 50:656-63. [PMID: 24737277 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have generated a great deal of promise as a potential source of cells for cell-based therapies. Various labeling techniques have been developed to trace MSC survival, migration, and behavior in vitro or in vivo. In the present study, we labeled MSCs derived from rat bone marrow (rMSCs) with florescent membrane dyes PKH67 and DiI, and with nuclear labeling using 5 μM BrdU and 10 μM BrdU. The cells were then cultured for 6 d or passaged (1-3 passages). The viability of rMSCs, efficacy of fluorescent expression, and transfer of the dyes were assessed. Intense fluorescence in rMSCs was found immediately after membrane labeling (99.3 ± 1.6% PKH67+ and 98.4 ± 1.7% DiI+) or after 2 d when tracing of nuclei was applied (91.2 ± 4.6% 10 μM BrdU+ and 77.6 ± 4.6% 5 μM BrdU+), which remained high for 6 d. Viability of labeled cells was 91 ± 3.8% PKH67+, 90 ± 1.5% DiI+, 91 ± 0.8% 5 μM BrdU+, and 76.9 ± 0.9% 10 μM BrdU+. The number of labeled rMSCs gradually decreased during the passages, with almost no BrdU+ nuclei left at final passage 3. Direct cocultures of labeled rMSCs (PKH67+ or DiI+) with unlabeled rMSCs revealed almost no dye transfer from donor to unlabeled recipient cells. Our results confirm that labeling of rMSCs with PKH67 or DiI represents a non-toxic, highly stable, and efficient method suitable for steady tracing of cells, while BrdU tracing is more appropriate for temporary labeling due to decreasing signal over time.
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Hawryluk GWJ, Spano S, Chew D, Wang S, Erwin M, Chamankhah M, Forgione N, Fehlings MG. An Examination of the Mechanisms by which Neural Precursors Augment Recovery following Spinal Cord Injury: A Key Role for Remyelination. Cell Transplant 2014; 23:365-80. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x662408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which neural precursor cells (NPCs) enhance functional recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI) remain unclear. Spinal cord injured rats were transplanted with wild-type mouse NPCs, shiverer NPCs unable to produce myelin, dead NPCs, or media. Most animals also received minocycline, cyclosporine, and perilesional infusion of trophins. Motor function was graded according to the BBB scale. H&E/LFB staining was used to assess gray and white matter, cyst, and lesional tissue. Mature oligodendrocytes and ED1+ inflammatory cells were quantitated. Confocal and electron microscopy were used to assess the relationship between the transplanted cells and axons. Pharmacotherapy and trophin infusion preserved gray matter, white matter, and oligodendrocytes. Trophin infusion also significantly increased cyst and lesional tissue volume as well as inflammatory infiltrate, and functional recovery was reduced. Animals transplanted with wild-type NPCs showed greatest functional recovery; animals transplanted with shiverer NPCs performed the worst. Wild-type NPCs remyelinated host axons. Shiverer NPCs ensheathed axons but did not produce MBP. These results suggest that remyelination by NPCs is an important contribution to functional recovery following SCI. Shiverer NPCs may prevent remyelination by endogenous cells capable of myelin formation. These findings suggest that remyelination is an important therapeutic target following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W. J. Hawryluk
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stefania Spano
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Derek Chew
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shelly Wang
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Erwin
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mahmood Chamankhah
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Forgione
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Gerald and Tootsie Halbert Chair, Neural Repair and Regeneration, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Matthews PM, Comley R. Advances in the molecular imaging of multiple sclerosis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 5:765-77. [DOI: 10.1586/eci.09.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Iwamoto S, Lin X, Ramirez R, Carson P, Fiore D, Goodrich J, Yufit T, Falanga V. Bone marrow cell mobilization by the systemic use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) improves wound bed preparation. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2013; 12:256-64. [PMID: 24275756 DOI: 10.1177/1534734613513401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Innovative approaches are needed to accelerate the healing of human chronic wounds not responding to conventional therapies. An evolving and promising treatment is the use of stem cells. Our group has previously described the use of expanded (in vitro) autologous stem cells aspirated from human bone marrow and applied topically in a fibrin spray to human acute and chronic wounds. More recently, we have sought ways to mobilize stem cells directly from the bone marrow, without in vitro expansion. In this report, we show that systemic injections of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) can mobilize stem cells from bone marrow into the peripheral blood and then to the wound site. Our objectives were to optimize parameters for this method by using mouse models and proof of principle in a human chronic wound situation. Mice were injected for 5 days with 2 different formulations of GCSF and compared to control saline. To monitor stem cell mobilization, flow cytometric measurements of Sca-1 and c-Kit and colony-forming cell assays were performed. Full-thickness tail wounds in mice were created and monitored for healing, and polyvinyl alcohol sponges were implanted dorsally to assess collagen accumulation. To determine bone marrow stem cell homing to the wound site, chimeric mice transplanted with Green Fluorescent Protein bone marrow cells were scanned by live imaging. Additionally, as proof of principle, we tested the systemic GCSF approach in a patient with a nonhealing venous ulcer. Our findings lay the ground work and indicate that the systemic administration of GCSF is effective in mobilizing bone marrow stem cells into the peripheral blood and to the wound site. These findings are associated with an increased accumulation of collagen and promising results in terms of wound bed preparation and healing.
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Derakhshanrad N, Saberi H, Yekaninejad MS, Eskandari G, Mardani A, Rahdari F, Meybodi KT. Safety of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration for postrehabilitated motor complete spinal cord injury patients: an open-label, phase I study. Cell Transplant 2013; 22 Suppl 1:S139-46. [PMID: 23992648 DOI: 10.3727/096368913x672109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a major growth factor in the activation and differentiation of granulocytes. This cytokine has been widely and safely employed in different conditions over many years. In this translational study, G-CSF is administered to 19 patients with chronic motor complete spinal cord injury, and outcomes are reported. All 19 patients received subcutaneous G-CSF (5 µg/kg per day) for 5 days and were followed for at least 6 months. The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale was used for motor and sensory assessment, and the International Association of Neurorestoratology-Spinal Cord Injury Functional Rating Scale (IANR-SCIFRS) and the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) III were used to assess improvements in the ability to perform basic daily tasks. At the 6-month follow-up, upper extremity motor scores improved by 10, which was statistically significant (p = 0.007), whereas there were no significant changes in lower extremity motor scores. Also, the median of light touch sensory scores improved by 5 (p = 0.001). Pinprick sensory scores significantly improved (p = 0.002). The median increment in SCIM III total score was 7 (p = 0.001). The improvements in bladder and bowel management as well as moderate distance mobility subscales were also significant (p < 0.05). Total IANR-SCIFRS scores changed from 17 to 32, which was statistically significant (p = 0.001); again the bladder and bowel management subscale improvements were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Mild side effects of the G-CSF treatment such as bone pain, rash, fever, neuropathic pain, and spasticity were noted in a few patients; all of them resolved after 1 week. Our results indicate that G-CSF administration is a safe process and is associated with neurological as well as functional improvement. This manuscript is published as part of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) supplement issue of Cell Transplantation.
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Edmundson M, Thanh NTK, Song B. Nanoparticles based stem cell tracking in regenerative medicine. Theranostics 2013; 3:573-82. [PMID: 23946823 PMCID: PMC3741606 DOI: 10.7150/thno.5477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies offer great potentials in the treatment for a wide range of diseases and conditions. With so many stem cell replacement therapies going through clinical trials currently, there is a great need to understand the mechanisms behind a successful therapy, and one of the critical points of discovering them is to track stem cell migration, proliferation and differentiation in vivo. To be of most use tracking methods should ideally be non-invasive, high resolution and allow tracking in three dimensions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the ideal methods, but requires a suitable contrast agent to be loaded to the cells to be tracked, and one of the most wide-spread in stem cell tracking is a group of agents known as magnetic nanoparticles. This review will explore the current use of magnetic nanoparticles in developing and performing stem cell therapies, and will investigate their potential limitations and the future directions magnetic nanoparticle tracking is heading in.
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Khurana A, Chapelin F, Beck G, Lenkov OD, Donig J, Nejadnik H, Messing S, Derugin N, Chan RCF, Gaur A, Sennino B, McDonald DM, Kempen PJ, Tikhomirov GA, Rao J, Daldrup-Link HE. Iron administration before stem cell harvest enables MR imaging tracking after transplantation. Radiology 2013; 269:186-97. [PMID: 23850832 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.13130858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether intravenous ferumoxytol can be used to effectively label mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vivo and can be used for tracking of stem cell transplants. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was approved by the institutional animal care and use committee. Sprague-Dawley rats (6-8 weeks old) were injected with ferumoxytol 48 hours prior to extraction of MSCs from bone marrow. Ferumoxytol uptake by these MSCs was evaluated with fluorescence, confocal, and electron microscopy and compared with results of traditional ex vivo-labeling procedures. The in vivo-labeled cells were subsequently transplanted in osteochondral defects of 14 knees of seven athymic rats and were evaluated with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging up to 4 weeks after transplantation. T2 relaxation times of in vivo-labeled MSC transplants and unlabeled control transplants were compared by using t tests. MR data were correlated with histopathologic results. RESULTS In vivo-labeled MSCs demonstrated significantly higher ferumoxytol uptake compared with ex vivo-labeled cells. With electron microscopy, iron oxide nanoparticles were localized in secondary lysosomes. In vivo-labeled cells demonstrated significant T2 shortening effects in vitro and in vivo when they were compared with unlabeled control cells (T2 in vivo, 15.4 vs 24.4 msec; P < .05) and could be tracked in osteochondral defects for 4 weeks. Histologic examination confirmed the presence of iron in labeled transplants and defect remodeling. CONCLUSION Intravenous ferumoxytol can be used to effectively label MSCs in vivo and can be used for tracking of stem cell transplants with MR imaging. This method eliminates risks of contamination and biologic alteration of MSCs associated with ex vivo-labeling procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Khurana
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5654; Department of Communication and Statistics and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
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Amemori T, Romanyuk N, Jendelova P, Herynek V, Turnovcova K, Prochazka P, Kapcalova M, Cocks G, Price J, Sykova E. Human conditionally immortalized neural stem cells improve locomotor function after spinal cord injury in the rat. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:68. [PMID: 23759119 PMCID: PMC3706805 DOI: 10.1186/scrt219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A growing number of studies have highlighted the potential of stem cell and more-differentiated neural cell transplantation as intriguing therapeutic approaches for neural repair after spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods A conditionally immortalized neural stem cell line derived from human fetal spinal cord tissue (SPC-01) was used to treat a balloon-induced SCI. SPC-01 cells were implanted into the lesion 1 week after SCI. To determine the feasibility of tracking transplanted stem cells, a portion of the SPC-01 cells was labeled with poly-L-lysine-coated superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles, and the animals grafted with labeled cells underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Functional recovery was evaluated by using the BBB and plantar tests, and lesion morphology, endogenous axonal sprouting and graft survival, and differentiation were analyzed. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to evaluate the effect of transplanted SPC-01 cells on endogenous regenerative processes. Results Transplanted animals displayed significant motor and sensory improvement 2 months after SCI, when the cells robustly survived in the lesion and partially filled the lesion cavity. qPCR revealed the increased expression of rat and human neurotrophin and motor neuron genes. The grafted cells were immunohistologically positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); however, we found 25% of the cells to be positive for Nkx6.1, an early motor neuron marker. Spared white matter and the robust sprouting of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43)+ axons were found in the host tissue. Four months after SCI, the grafted cells matured into Islet2+ and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)+ neurons, and the graft was grown through with endogenous neurons. Grafted cells labeled with poly-L-lysine-coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles before transplantation were detected in the lesion on T2-weighted images as hypointense spots that correlated with histologic staining for iron and the human mitochondrial marker MTCO2. Conclusions The transplantation of SPC-01 cells produced significant early functional improvement after SCI, suggesting an early neurotrophic action associated with long-term restoration of the host tissue, making the cells a promising candidate for future cell therapy in patients with SCI.
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The use of poly(N-[2-hydroxypropyl]-methacrylamide) hydrogel to repair a T10 spinal cord hemisection in rat: a behavioural, electrophysiological and anatomical examination. ASN Neuro 2013; 5:149-66. [PMID: 23614684 PMCID: PMC3667642 DOI: 10.1042/an20120082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been considerable interests in attempting to reverse the deficit because of an SCI (spinal cord injury) by restoring neural pathways through the lesion and by rebuilding the tissue network. In order to provide an appropriate micro-environment for regrowing axotomized neurons and proliferating and migrating cells, we have implanted a small block of pHPMA [poly N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide] hydrogel into the hemisected T10 rat spinal cord. Locomotor activity was evaluated once a week during 14 weeks with the BBB rating scale in an open field. At the 14th week after SCI, the reflexivity of the sub-lesional region was measured. We also monitored the ventilatory frequency during an electrically induced muscle fatigue known to elicit the muscle metaboreflex and increase the respiratory rate. Spinal cords were then collected, fixed and stained with anti-ED-1 and anti-NF-H antibodies and FluoroMyelin. We show in this study that hydrogel-implanted animals exhibit: (i) an improved locomotor BBB score, (ii) an improved breathing adjustment to electrically evoked isometric contractions and (iii) an H-reflex recovery close to control animals. Qualitative histological results put in evidence higher accumulation of ED-1 positive cells (macrophages/monocytes) at the lesion border, a large number of NF-H positive axons penetrating the applied matrix, and myelin preservation both rostrally and caudally to the lesion. Our data confirm that pHPMA hydrogel is a potent biomaterial that can be used for improving neuromuscular adaptive mechanisms and H-reflex responses after SCI.
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Wang Z, Cuschieri A. Tumour cell labelling by magnetic nanoparticles with determination of intracellular iron content and spatial distribution of the intracellular iron. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:9111-25. [PMID: 23624604 PMCID: PMC3676776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14059111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetically labelled cells are used for in vivo cell tracking by MRI, used for the clinical translation of cell-base therapies. Studies involving magnetic labelled cells may include separation of labelled cells, targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs, contrast enhanced MRI and magnetic hyperthermia for the in situ ablation of tumours. Dextran-coated super-paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) ferumoxides are used clinically as an MR contrast agents primarily for hepatic imaging. The material is also widely used for in vitro cell labelling, as are other SPIO-based particles. Our results on the uptake by human cancer cell lines of ferumoxides indicate that electroporation in the presence of protamine sulphate (PS) results in rapid high uptake of SPIO nanoparticles (SPIONs) by parenchymal tumour cells without significant impairment of cell viability. Quantitative determination of cellular iron uptake performed by colorimetric assay is in agreement with data from the literature. These results on intracellular iron content together with the intracellular distribution of SPIONs by magnetic force microscopy (MFM) following in vitro uptake by parenchymal tumour cells confirm the potential of this technique for clinical tumour cell detection and destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wang
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Z.W.); (A.C.); Tel.: +44-1382-381-030 (Z.W.); +44-1382-381-009 (A.C.); Fax: +44-1382-386-588 (Z.W. & A.C.)
| | - Alfred Cuschieri
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Z.W.); (A.C.); Tel.: +44-1382-381-030 (Z.W.); +44-1382-381-009 (A.C.); Fax: +44-1382-386-588 (Z.W. & A.C.)
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Li J, Lepski G. Cell transplantation for spinal cord injury: a systematic review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:786475. [PMID: 23484157 PMCID: PMC3581246 DOI: 10.1155/2013/786475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell transplantation, as a therapeutic intervention for spinal cord injury (SCI), has been extensively studied by researchers in recent years. A number of different kinds of stem cells, neural progenitors, and glial cells have been tested in basic research, and most have been excluded from clinical studies because of a variety of reasons, including safety and efficacy. The signaling pathways, protein interactions, cellular behavior, and the differentiated fates of experimental cells have been studied in vitro in detail. Furthermore, the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and effects on promoting functional recovery of transplanted cells have also been examined in different animal SCI models. However, despite significant progress, a "bench to bedside" gap still exists. In this paper, we comprehensively cover publications in the field from the last years. The most commonly utilized cell lineages were covered in this paper and specific areas covered include survival of grafted cells, axonal regeneration and remyelination, sensory and motor functional recovery, and electrophysiological improvements. Finally we also review the literature on the in vivo tracking techniques for transplanted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Guilherme Lepski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Avnida Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 255, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Paspala SA, Vishwakarma SK, Murthy TV, Rao TN, Khan AA. Potential role of stem cells in severe spinal cord injury: current perspectives and clinical data. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2012; 5:15-27. [PMID: 24198535 PMCID: PMC3781762 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s28477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation for spinal cord injury (SCI) along with new pharmacotherapy research offers the potential to restore function and ease the associated social and economic burden in the years ahead. Various sources of stem cells have been used in the treatment of SCI, but the most convincing results have been obtained with neural progenitor cells in preclinical models. Although the use of cell-based transplantation strategies for the repair of chronic SCI remains the long sought after holy grail, these approaches have been to date the most successful when applied in the subacute phase of injury. Application of cell-based strategies for the repair and regeneration of the chronically injured spinal cord will require a combinational strategy that may need to include approaches to overcome the effects of the glial scar, inhibitory molecules, and use of tissue engineering strategies to bridge the lesion. Nonetheless, cell transplantation strategies are promising, and it is anticipated that the Phase I clinical trials of some form of neural stem cell-based approach in SCI will commence very soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ab Paspala
- PAN Research Foundation, CARE, Hyderabad, India ; The Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
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Abstract
Nanotechnology applications in medicine are poised to revolutionize the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. Researchers, scientists, and physicians across various disciplines and specialties are working to develop innovative clinical tools that incorporate materials, devices, and systems engineered at the nanoscale. Surgical specialties, such as orthopedic surgery, are among those developing nanotechnology applications for clinical use. Orthopedic surgery addresses disorders of the musculoskeletal system including repair by both surgical and nonsurgical means of tendons, ligaments, muscles, bones, and nerves injured due to trauma or disease. Medical interventions targeting orthopedic conditions are becoming increasingly important given current epidemiologic trends in these conditions. The purpose of this article is to highlight current and emerging applications of nanotechnology in orthopedic surgery. Selected, clinically relevant examples are described in the categories of drugs and drug delivery, imaging, sensors, biomaterials, diagnostics, and novel therapeutics. Several promising nanomedicine applications that target orthopedic conditions are in various stages of development from basic scientific research to clinical trials to product development and commercialization. Nanotechnology applications aimed at the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of orthopedic conditions hold great promise for improving the standard of care in orthopedic surgery in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. Brenner
- UAlbany College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nanobioscience Constellation, 257 Fuller Road, NanoFab East, Room 4406, Albany, NY 12203 e-mail:
| | - John F. Ling
- Indiana University School of Medicine, MS1, 340 West 10th Street, Suite 6200, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3082 e-mail:
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Boulland JL, Leung DSY, Thuen M, Vik-Mo E, Joel M, Perreault MC, Langmoen IA, Haraldseth O, Glover JC. Evaluation of intracellular labeling with micron-sized particles of iron oxide (MPIOs) as a general tool for in vitro and in vivo tracking of human stem and progenitor cells. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:1743-59. [PMID: 22490338 DOI: 10.3727/096368911x627598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based tracking is increasingly attracting attention as a means of better understanding stem cell dynamics in vivo. Intracellular labeling with micrometer-sized particles of iron oxide (MPIOs) provides a practical MRI-based approach due to superior detectability relative to smaller iron oxide particles. However, insufficient information is available about the general utility across cell types and the effects on cell vitality of MPIO labeling of human stem cells. We labeled six human cell types from different sources: mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow (MSCs), mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (ASCs), presumptive adult neural stem cells (ad-NSCs), fetal neural progenitor cells (f-NPCs), a glioma cell line (U87), and glioblastoma tumor stem cells (GSCs), with two different sizes of MPIOs (0.9 and 2.84 µm). Labeling and uptake efficiencies were highly variable among cell types. Several parameters of general cell function were tested in vitro. Only minor differences were found between labeled and unlabeled cells with respect to proliferation rate, mitotic duration, random motility, and capacity for differentiation to specific phenotypes. In vivo behavior was tested in chicken embryos and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Postmortem histology showed that labeled cells survived and could integrate into various tissues. MRI-based tracking over several weeks in the SCID mice showed that labeled GSCs and f-NPCs injected into the brain exhibited translocations similar to those seen for unlabeled cells and as expected from migratory behavior described in previous studies. The results support MPIO-based cell tracking as a generally useful tool for studies of human stem cell dynamics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Boulland
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Leung L. Cellular therapies for treating pain associated with spinal cord injury. J Transl Med 2012; 10:37. [PMID: 22394650 PMCID: PMC3320547 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury leads to immense disability and loss of quality of life in human with no satisfactory clinical cure. Cell-based or cell-related therapies have emerged as promising therapeutic potentials both in regeneration of spinal cord and mitigation of neuropathic pain due to spinal cord injury. This article reviews the various options and their latest developments with an update on their therapeutic potentials and clinical trialing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Leung
- Centre of Neurosciences Study, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
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