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Panda B, Albano G. Synthetic Methods for the Preparation of Conformationally Restricted Analogues of Nicotine. Molecules 2021; 26:7544. [PMID: 34946630 PMCID: PMC8706964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of naturally occurring nitrogen heterocycles, nicotine is a chiral alkaloid present in tobacco plants, which can target and stimulate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), a class of ligand-gated ion channels commonly located throughout the human brain. Due to its well-known toxicity for humans, there is considerable interest in the development of synthetic analogues; in particular, conformationally restricted analogues of nicotine have emerged as promising drug molecules for selective nAChR-targeting ligands. In the present mini-review, we will describe the synthesis of the conformationally restricted analogues of nicotine involving one or more catalytic processes. In particular, we will follow a systematic approach as a function of the heteroarene structure, considering: (a) 2,3-annulated tricyclic derivatives; (b) 3,4-annulated tricyclic derivatives; (c) tetracyclic derivatives; and (d) other polycyclic derivatives. For each of them we will also consider, when carried out, biological studies on their activity for specific nAChR subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Panda
- Department of Chemistry, City College, 102/1 Raja Rammohan Sarani, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Edoardo Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
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2
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Ren C, Tong YL, Li JC, Lu ZQ, Yao YM. The Protective Effect of Alpha 7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Activation on Critical Illness and Its Mechanism. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:46-56. [PMID: 28123345 PMCID: PMC5264260 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.16404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical illnesses and injuries are recognized as major threats to human health, and they are usually accompanied by uncontrolled inflammation and dysfunction of immune response. The alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAchR), which is a primary receptor of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), exhibits great benefits for critical ill conditions. It is composed of 5 identical α7 subunits that form a central pore with high permeability for calcium. This putative structure is closely associated with its functional states. Activated α7nAChR exhibits extensive anti-inflammatory and immune modulatory reactions, including lowered pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, decreased expressions of chemokines as well as adhesion molecules, and altered differentiation and activation of immune cells, which are important in maintaining immune homeostasis. Well understanding of the effects and mechanisms of α7nAChR will be of great value in exploring effective targets for treating critical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Lin Tong
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the 181st Hospital of Chinese PLA, Guilin 541002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Cong Li
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Lu
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China.; State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
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3
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German N, Kim JS, Jain A, Dukat M, Pandya A, Ma Y, Weltzin M, Schulte MK, Glennon RA. Deconstruction of the α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor positive allosteric modulator desformylflustrabromine. J Med Chem 2011; 54:7259-67. [PMID: 21905680 DOI: 10.1021/jm200834x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Desformylflustrabromine (dFBr; 1), perhaps the first selective positive allosteric modulator of α4β2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptors, was deconstructed to determine which structural features contribute to its actions on receptors expressed in Xenopus ooycytes using two-electrode voltage clamp techniques. Although the intact structure of 1 was found to be optimal, several deconstructed analogs retained activity. Neither the 6-bromo substituent nor the entire 2-position chain is required for activity. In particular, reduction of the olefinic side chain of 1, as seen with 6, not only resulted in retention of activity/potency but in enhanced selectivity for α4β2 versus α7 nACh receptors. Pharmacophoric features for the allosteric modulation of α4β2 nACh receptors by 1 were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda German
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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4
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Dallanoce C, Magrone P, Matera C, Frigerio F, Grazioso G, De Amici M, Fucile S, Piccari V, Frydenvang K, Pucci L, Gotti C, Clementi F, De Micheli C. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization of novel spirocyclic quinuclidinyl-Δ2-isoxazoline derivatives as potent and selective agonists of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:889-903. [PMID: 21365765 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A set of racemic spirocyclic quinuclidinyl-Δ(2)-isoxazoline derivatives was synthesized using a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition-based approach. Target compounds were assayed for binding affinity toward rat neuronal homomeric (α7) and heteromeric (α4β2) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Δ(2) -Isoxazolines 3 a (3-Br), 6 a (3-OMe), 5 a (3-Ph), 8 a (3-OnPr), and 4 a (3-Me) were the ligands with the highest affinity for the α7 subtype (K(i) values equal to 13.5, 14.2, 25.0, 71.6, and 96.2 nM, respectively), and showed excellent α7 versus α4β2 subtype selectivity. These compounds, tested in electrophysiological experiments against human α7 and α4β2 receptors stably expressed in cell lines, behaved as partial α7 agonists with varying levels of potency. The two enantiomers of (±)-3-methoxy-1-oxa-2,7-diaza-7,10-ethanospiro[4.5]dec-2-ene sesquifumarate 6 a were prepared using (+)-dibenzoyl-L- or (-)-dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid as resolving agents. Enantiomer (R)-(-)-6 a was found to be the eutomer, with K(i) values of 4.6 and 48.7 nM against rat and human α7 receptors, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clelia Dallanoce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche Pietro Pratesi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Tasso B, Canu Boido C, Terranova E, Gotti C, Riganti L, Clementi F, Artali R, Bombieri G, Meneghetti F, Sparatore F. Synthesis, Binding, and Modeling Studies of New Cytisine Derivatives, as Ligands for Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtypes. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4345-57. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900225j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Tasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16139 Genova, Italy
| | - Caterina Canu Boido
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16139 Genova, Italy
| | - Emanuela Terranova
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16139 Genova, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia “E. Trabucchi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy, Istituto di Neuroscienze del CNR, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Loredana Riganti
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia “E. Trabucchi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy, Istituto di Neuroscienze del CNR, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Clementi
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia “E. Trabucchi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy, Istituto di Neuroscienze del CNR, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Artali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “P. Pratesi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Bombieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “P. Pratesi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fiorella Meneghetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “P. Pratesi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Sparatore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16139 Genova, Italy
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Pedretti A, Marconi C, Bolchi C, Fumagalli L, Ferrara R, Pallavicini M, Valoti E, Vistoli G. Modelling of full-length human alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor by fragmental approach and analysis of its binding modes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 369:648-53. [PMID: 18302933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to generate a full-length model for the heteropentameric structure of human alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor. The monomers structure was derived using a fragmental approach and the pentamer was assembled by protein-protein docking. The reliability of the model was assessed docking a representative set of known nicotinic ligands. Docking results unveiled that the ligand affinity depends on key interactions that the ligand's charged moiety realizes with conserved apolar residues of alpha4 monomer, whereas the H-bond acceptor group interacts with a less conserved and more heterogeneous subpocket, involving polar residues of beta2 subunit. The consistency of docking results and the agreement with the experimental data afford an encouraging validation for the proposed model and emphasize the soundness of such a fragmental approach to model any transmembrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pedretti
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica "Pietro Pratesi", Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli, 25 I-20133 Milano, Italy
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7
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Kim JS, Padnya A, Weltzin M, Edmonds BW, Schulte MK, Glennon RA. Synthesis of desformylflustrabromine and its evaluation as an alpha4beta2 and alpha7 nACh receptor modulator. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4855-60. [PMID: 17604168 PMCID: PMC3633077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Desformylflustrabromine (dFBr; 1) and desformylflustrabromine-B (dFBr-B; 2) have been previously isolated from natural sources, and the former has been demonstrated to be a novel and selective positive allosteric modulator of alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptors. The present study describes the synthesis of water-soluble salts of 1 and 2, and confirms and further investigates the actions of 1 and 2 using two-electrode voltage clamp recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Kim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Anshul Padnya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Maegan Weltzin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Brian W. Edmonds
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Alaska Southeast, Juneau, AK 99801, USA
| | - Marvin K. Schulte
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Richard A. Glennon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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8
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Ragab HM, Kim JS, Dukat M, Navarro H, Glennon RA. Aryloxyethylamines: Binding at α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4283-6. [PMID: 16765047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Revised: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structure-affinity relationships for the binding of 3-[2-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)ethoxy]pyridine (AXPQ) at alpha7 nACh receptors were investigated due to its close structural similarity to a known alpha7 antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan M Ragab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23298-0540, USA
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9
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Dukat M, Ramunno A, Banzi R, Damaj MI, Martin B, Glennon RA. 3-(2-Aminoethyl)pyridine analogs as α4β2 nicotinic cholinergic receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4308-12. [PMID: 16039854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2005] [Revised: 06/16/2005] [Accepted: 06/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An examination of several 3-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine analogs suggests that they likely orient at alpha4beta2 nicotinic cholinergic receptors in a different fashion than their correspondingly substituted nicotine analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Dukat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA
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10
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Carr R, Alexeeva M, Dawson MJ, Gotor-Fernández V, Humphrey CE, Turner NJ. Directed Evolution of an Amine Oxidase for the Preparative Deracemisation of Cyclic Secondary Amines. Chembiochem 2005; 6:637-9. [PMID: 15719348 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200400329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Carr
- School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, Scotland, UK
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11
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Dukat M, Taroua M, Dahdouh A, Siripurapu U, Damaj MI, Martin BR, Glennon RA. (+/-)8-Amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinolines as novel antinociceptive agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:3651-4. [PMID: 15203136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2004] [Revised: 05/12/2004] [Accepted: 05/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several amine-substituted 8-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinolines were examined as conformationally-constrained analogs of the nicotinic cholinergic (nACh) 3-(aminomethyl)pyridines. Although these ligands failed to bind at nACh receptors, the N-ethyl-N-methyl analog 3d was found to be at least equipotent with nicotine in rodent tests of antinociception. The mechanism of action of 3d is currently unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Dukat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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