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Mahiwal S, Pahuja S, Pandey GK. Review: Structural-functional relationship of WRKY transcription factors: Unfolding the role of WRKY in plants. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128769. [PMID: 38096937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
WRKY as the name suggests, are the transcription factors (TFs) that contain the signature WRKY domains, hence named after it. Since their discovery in 1994, they have been well studied in plants with exploration of approximately 74 WRKY genes in the model plant, Arabidopsis alone. However, the study of these transcription factors (TFs) is not just limited to model plant now. They have been studied widely in crop plants as well, because of their tremendous contribution in stress as well as in growth and development. Here, in this review, we describe the story of WRKY TFs from their identification to their origin, the binding mechanisms, structure and their contribution in regulating plant development and stress physiology. High throughput transcriptomics-based data also opened a doorway to understand the comprehensive and detailed functioning of WRKY TFs in plants. Indeed, the detailed functional role of each and every WRKY member in regulating the gene expression is required to pave the path to develop holistic understanding of their role in stress physiology and developmental processes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Mahiwal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Sonam Pahuja
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India.
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Ge M, Tang Y, Guan Y, Lv M, Zhou C, Ma H, Lv J. TaWRKY31, a novel WRKY transcription factor in wheat, participates in regulation of plant drought stress tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:27. [PMID: 38172667 PMCID: PMC10763432 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat, a crucial food crop in China, is highly vulnerable to drought stress throughout its growth and development. WRKY transcription factors (TFs), being one of the largest families of TFs, play a vital role in responding to various abiotic stresses in plants. RESULTS Here, we cloned and characterized the TF TaWRKY31 isolated from wheat. This TF, belonging to the WRKY II family, contains a WRKYGQK amino acid sequence and a C2H2-type zinc finger structure. TaWRKY31 exhibits tissue-specific expression and demonstrates responsiveness to abiotic stresses in wheat. TaWRKY31 protein is localized in the nucleus and can function as a TF with transcription activating activity at the N-terminus. Results showed that the wheat plants with silenced strains (BSMV:TaWRKY31-1as and BSMV:TaWRKY31-2as) exhibited poor growth status and low relative water content when subjected to drought treatment. Moreover, the levels of O2·-, H2O2, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the BSMV:TaWRKY31-induced wheat plants increased, while the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) decreased. Compared to control plants, BSMV:TaWRKY31-induced wheat plants exhibited lower expression levels of TaSOD (Fe), TaPOD, TaCAT, TaDREB1, TaP5CS, TaNCED1, TaSnRK2, TaPP2C, and TaPYL5.Under stress or drought treatment conditions, the overexpression of TaWRKY31 in Arabidopsis resulted in decreased levels of H2O2 and MDA, as well as reduced stomatal opening and water loss. Furthermore, an increase in resistance oxidase activity, germination rate, and root length in the TaWRKY31 transgenic Arabidopsis was observed. Lastly, overexpression of TaWRKY31 in Arabidopsis resulted in higher the expression levels of AtNCED3, AtABA2, AtSnRK2.2, AtABI1, AtABF3, AtP5CS1, AtSOD (Cu/Zn), AtPOD, AtCAT, AtRD29A, AtRD29B, and AtDREB2A than in control plants. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that TaWRKY31 enhances drought resistance in plants by promoting the scavenging of reactive oxygen species, reducing stomatal opening, and increasing the expression levels of stress-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yan Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yijun Guan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Meicheng Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chunjv Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Huiling Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Jinyin Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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Xie D, Hao M, Zhao L, Chen X, Chen X, Jiang B, Ning S, Yuan Z, Zhang L, Shu K, Zhang Y, Liu D, Wu P. Transcriptomic analysis provides insight into the genetic regulation of shade avoidance in Aegilops tauschii. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:336. [PMID: 37353759 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weeds are not only economically important but also fascinating models for studying the adaptation of species in human-mediated environments. Aegilops tauschii is the D-genome donor species of common wheat but is also a weed that influences wheat production. How shading stress caused by adjacent wheat plants affects Ae. tauschii growth is a fundamental scientific question but is also important in agriculture, such as for weed control and wheat breeding. RESULT The present study indicated that shade avoidance is a strategy of Ae. tauschii in response to shading stress. Ae. tauschii plants exhibited growth increases in specific organs, such as stem and leaf elongation, to avoid shading. However, these changes were accompanied by sacrificing the growth of other parts of the plants, such as a reduction in tiller number. The two reverse phenotype responses seem to be formed by systemically regulating the expression of different genes. Fifty-six genes involved in the regulation of cell division and cell expansion were found to be downregulated, and one key upstream negative regulator (RPK2) of cell division was upregulated under shading stress. On the other hand, the upregulated genes under shading stress were mainly enriched in protein serine/threonine kinase activity and carbon metabolism, which are associated with cell enlargement, signal transduction and energy supply. The transcription factor WRKY72 may be important in regulating genes in response to shading stress, which can be used as a prior candidate gene for further study on the genetic regulation of shade avoidance. CONCLUSIONS This study sheds new light on the gene expression changes and molecular processes involved in the response and avoidance of Ae. tauschii to shading stress, which may aid more effective development of shading stress avoidance or cultivars in wheat and other crops in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Xie
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Hao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Laibin Zhao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shunzong Ning
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongwei Yuan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianquan Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China
| | - Yijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Dengcai Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Peipei Wu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Debnath S, Kant A, Bhowmick P, Malakar A, Purkaystha S, Jena BK, Mudgal G, Rahimi M, Helal MMU, Hasan R, Chen JT, Azam F. The Enhanced Affinity of WRKY Reinforces Drought Tolerance in Solanum lycopersicum L.: An Innovative Bioinformatics Study. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:762. [PMID: 36840110 PMCID: PMC9967840 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the scenario of global climate change, understanding how plants respond to drought is critical for developing future crops that face restricted water resources. This present study focuses on the role of WRKY transcription factors on drought tolerance in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L., which is a significant vegetable crop. WRKY transcription factors are a group of proteins that regulate a wild range of growth and developmental processes in plants such as seed germination and dormancy and the stress response. These transcription factors are defined by the presence of a DNA-binding domain, namely, the WRKY domain. It is well-known that WRKY transcription factors can interact with a variety of proteins and therefore control downstream activities. It aims to simulate the effect of curcumin, a bioactive compound with regulatory capacity, on the protein-protein interaction events by WRKY transcription factors with an emphasis on drought stress. It was found that curcumin binds to WRKY with an energy of -11.43 kcal/mol with inhibitory concentration (Ki) 0.12 mM and has the potential to improve fruit quality and reinforce drought tolerance of S. lycopersicum, according to the results based on bioinformatics tools. The root means square deviation (RMSD) of the C-α, the backbone of 2AYD with ligand coupled complex, displayed a very stable structure with just a little variation of 1.89 Å. MD simulation trajectory of Cα atoms of 2AYD bound to Curcumin revealed more un-ordered orientation in PC1 and PC10 modes and more toward negative correlation from the initial 400 frames during PCA. Establishing the binding energies of the ligand-target interaction is essential in order to characterize the compound's binding affinity to the drought transcription factor. We think we have identified a phyto-agent called curcumin that has the potential to enhance the drought tolerance. Compared to the part of the mismatch repair-base technique that can be used to fix drought related genes, curcumin performed better in a drop-in crop yield over time, and it was suggested that curcumin is a potential candidate factor for improving drought tolerance in tomatoes, and it needs future validation by experiments in laboratory and field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Debnath
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan 731236, India
| | - Achal Kant
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Narayan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Sasaram 821305, India
| | - Pradipta Bhowmick
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan 731236, India
| | - Ayushman Malakar
- Genetics and Tree Improvement Division, Institute of Forest Productivity (ICFRE), Ranchi 835303, India
| | - Shampa Purkaystha
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding and Seed Science & Technology, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhamundi 761211, India
| | - Binod Kumar Jena
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan 731236, India
| | - Gaurav Mudgal
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Mehdi Rahimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman 7631885356, Iran
| | - Md Mostofa Uddin Helal
- Institute of Wheat Research, State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Rakibul Hasan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Seed Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Faizul Azam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
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Perveen K, Alfagham AT, Debnath S, Bukhari NA, Wei DQ, Alshaikh NA, Alwadai AS. Enriching drought resistance in Solanum lycopersicum using Abscisic acid as drought enhancer derived from Lygodium japonicum: A new-fangled computational approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1106857. [PMID: 36818888 PMCID: PMC9933497 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1106857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drought is the largest abiotic factor impacting agriculture. Plants are challenged by both natural and artificial stressors because they are immobile. To produce drought-resistant plants, we need to know how plants react to drought. A largescale proteome study of leaf and root tissue found drought-responsive proteins. Tomato as a vegetable is grown worldwide. Agricultural biotechnology focuses on creating drought-resistant cultivars. This is important because tomato drought is so widespread. Breeders have worked to improve tomato quality, production, and stress resistance. Conventional breeding approaches have only increased drought tolerance because of drought's complexity. Many studies have examined how tomatoes handle drought. With genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and modern sequencing technologies, it's easier to find drought-responsive genes. METHOD Biotechnology and in silico studies has helped demonstrate the function of drought-sensitive genes and generate drought-resistant plant types. The latest tomato genome editing technology is another. WRKY genes are plant transcription factors. They help plants grow and respond to both natural and artificial stimuli. To make plants that can handle stress, we need to know how WRKY-proteins, which are transcription factors, work with other proteins and ligands in plant cells by molecular docking and modeling study. RESULT Abscisic acid, a plant hormone generated in stressed roots, was used here to make plants drought-resistant. Abscisic acid binds WRKY with binding affinity -7.4kcal/mol and inhibitory concentration (Ki) 0.12 microM. DISCUSSION This study aims to modulate the transcription factor so plants can handle drought and stress better. Therefore, polyphenols found to make Solanum lycopersicum more drought-tolerant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahkashan Perveen
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanoud T. Alfagham
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandip Debnath
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Najat A. Bukhari
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Tianjin Institute of Bioinformatics and Drug Discovery (TIBDD), Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Najla A. Alshaikh
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Saleh Alwadai
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Romeo-Oliván A, Chervin J, Breton C, Lagravère T, Daydé J, Dumas B, Jacques A. Comparative Transcriptomics Suggests Early Modifications by Vintec ® in Grapevine Trunk of Hormonal Signaling and Secondary Metabolism Biosynthesis in Response to Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium minimum. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:898356. [PMID: 35655993 PMCID: PMC9152730 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.898356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given their well-known antifungal abilities, species of the genus Trichoderma are of significant interest in modern agriculture. Recent studies have shown that Trichoderma species can induce plant resistance against different phytopathogens. To further extend this line of investigation, we investigate herein the transcriptomic response of grapevine trunk to Vintec®, which is a Trichoderma atroviride SC1-based commercial formulation for biological control of grapevine trunk diseases and which reduces wood colonization. The aim of the study is to understand whether the biocontrol agent Vintec® modifies the trunk response to Phaeoacremonium minimum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, which are two esca-associated fungal pathogens. An analysis of transcriptional regulation identifies clusters of co-regulated genes whose transcriptomic reprogramming in response to infection depends on the absence or presence of Vintec®. On one hand, the results show that Vintec® differentially modulates the expression of putative genes involved in hormonal signaling, especially those involved in auxin signaling. On the other hand, most significant gene expression modifications occur among secondary-metabolism-related genes, especially regarding phenylpropanoid metabolism and stilbene biosynthesis. Taken together, these results suggest that the biocontrol agent Vintec® induces wood responses that counteract disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Romeo-Oliván
- Unité de Recherche Physiologie, Pathologie, et Génétique Végétales (PPGV), INP PURPAN, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Chervin
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Metatoul-AgromiX Platform, MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, LRSV, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Coralie Breton
- Unité de Recherche Physiologie, Pathologie, et Génétique Végétales (PPGV), INP PURPAN, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Lagravère
- Unité de Recherche Physiologie, Pathologie, et Génétique Végétales (PPGV), INP PURPAN, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Daydé
- Unité de Recherche Physiologie, Pathologie, et Génétique Végétales (PPGV), INP PURPAN, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Dumas
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alban Jacques
- Unité de Recherche Physiologie, Pathologie, et Génétique Végétales (PPGV), INP PURPAN, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Liu H, Wang L, Jing X, Chen Y, Hu F. Functional analysis of CgWRKY57 from Cymbidium goeringii in ABA response. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10982. [PMID: 33665039 PMCID: PMC7908890 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The orchid is one of the top ten Chinese flowers and has high ornamental value and elegant color. However, orchids are vulnerable to abiotic stresses during their growth and development, and the molecular mechanism of the abiotic stress response in orchids is unclear. WRKY proteins belong to a transcription factor family that plays important roles in biotic stress, abiotic stress, growth and development in plants, but little is known about the WRKY family in Cymbidium goeringii. Methods The specific fragment of the CgWRKY57 gene of C. goeringii was analyzed by bioinformatics. The expression of the CgWRKY57 gene of C. goeringii under 4 °C, 42 °C water and ABA stress as well as different tissues was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. CgWRKY57 gene was overexpressed in wild type Arabidopsis thaliana by inflorescence infection method, and the function of transgenic lines under ABA stress was analyzed. Results CgWRKY57 was cloned from C. goeringii and found to encode 303 amino acids. The CgWRKY57 protein is an acidic, nonsecreted hydrophilic protein without a signal peptide or transmembrane domain. The CgWRKY57 protein is located to the nucleus and may function intracellularly according to its predicted subcellular localization. A domain analysis and homology comparison showed that the CgWRKY57 protein has a "WRKYGQK" domain and belongs to Group III of the WRKY family, and a phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that CgWRKY57 is closely related to OsWRKY47. CgWRKY57 was expressed in the roots, stems, leaves and floral organs of C. goeringii, and its expression level was highest in the roots according to real-time qPCR analysis. There were significant differences in CgWRKY57 expression under 4 °C, 42 °C ABA and water stress treatments, and its expression changed greatly under ABA stress. The expression of CgWRKY57 in transgenic plants was significantly higher than that in wild type plants under ABA stress, and the root length and germination rate were reduced in transgenic plants compared to wild type plants. Conclusions These results indicate that CgWRKY57 overexpression is responsive to ABA stress, and they provide a foundation for future analyses of the biological functions of the WRKY family in C. goeringii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lianping Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xijun Jing
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengrong Hu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Gao W, Yu C, Ai L, Zhou Y, Duan L. Gene Expression Profiles Deciphering the Pathways of Coronatine Alleviating Water Stress in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Cultivar Nipponbare (Japonica). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102543. [PMID: 31126161 PMCID: PMC6567010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronatine (COR) is a structural and functional analog of methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA), which can alleviate stress on plant. We studied the effects of COR on the drought stress of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pre-treatment with COR significantly increased the biomass, relative water and proline content, and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)-radical scavenging activity, decreased the electrolyte leakage and MDA (Malondialdehyde) content in order to maintain the stability of cell membrane. Meanwhile, we determined how COR alleviates water stress by Nipponbare gene expression profiles and cDNA microarray analyses. Seedlings were treated with 0.1 μmol L−1 COR at the three leafed stage for 12 h, followed with 17.5% polyethylene glycol (PEG). Whole genome transcript analysis was determined by employing the Rice Gene Chip (Affymetrix), a total of 870 probe sets were identified to be up or downregulated due to COR treatment under drought stress. Meanwhile, the real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method was used to verify some genes; it indicated that there was a good agreement between the microarray data and RT-qPCR results. Our data showed that the differentially expressed genes were involved in stress response, signal transduction, metabolism and tissue structure development. Some important genes response to stress were induced by COR, which may enhance the expression of functional genes implicated in many kinds of metabolism, and play a role in defense response of rice seedling to drought stress. This study will aid in the analysis of the expressed gene induced by COR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Engineering Center for Plant Growth Regulators MOE, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Chunxin Yu
- Engineering Center for Plant Growth Regulators MOE, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lin Ai
- Engineering Center for Plant Growth Regulators MOE, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yuyi Zhou
- Engineering Center for Plant Growth Regulators MOE, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Liusheng Duan
- Engineering Center for Plant Growth Regulators MOE, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Liu Y, Li L, Zhang L, Lv Q, Zhao Y, Li X. Isolation and identification of wheat gene TaDIS1 encoding a RING finger domain protein, which negatively regulates drought stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 275:49-59. [PMID: 30107881 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a major factor that limits the yield and quality in wheat. In this study, we identified an orthologue of the rice gene OsDIS1 (Oryza sativa drought-induced SINA protein 1) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) called TaDIS1. TaDIS1 encodes a putative 301 amino acid protein with a C3HC4 RING finger conserved domain at the N-terminal and a SINA domain at the C-terminal. TaDIS1 contains three exons and two introns. qRT-PCR analysis showed that TaDIS1 expression was induced by PEG6000, NaCl, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. We generated TaDIS1-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis lines. Under drought stress conditions, the transgenic Arabidopsis plants had a lower germination rate, relative water content, and proline contents, with higher water loss, chlorophyll loss, relative electrical conductivity, and malondialdehyde contents compared with the wild type. The antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) activity levels were lower in the transgenic plants. The TaDIS1-overexpressing plants had shorter roots with greater growth inhibition in response to mannitol treatment than the wild type, with increased hypersensitivity to ABA during seed germination and early seedling growth. The expression of stress-related genes in transgenic plants under drought stress suggests that TaDIS1 may function negatively in drought stress by regulating the stress response-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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Finatto T, Viana VE, Woyann LG, Busanello C, da Maia LC, de Oliveira AC. Can WRKY transcription factors help plants to overcome environmental challenges? Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:533-544. [PMID: 30235398 PMCID: PMC6136380 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are responsible for the regulation of genes responsive to many plant growth and developmental cues, as well as to biotic and abiotic stresses. The modulation of gene expression by WRKY proteins primarily occurs by DNA binding at specific cis-regulatory elements, the W-box elements, which are short sequences located in the promoter region of certain genes. In addition, their action can occur through interaction with other TFs and the cellular transcription machinery. The current genome sequences available reveal a relatively large number of WRKY genes, reaching hundreds of copies. Recently, functional genomics studies in model plants have enabled the identification of function and mechanism of action of several WRKY TFs in plants. This review addresses the more recent studies in plants regarding the function of WRKY TFs in both model and crop plants for coping with environmental challenges, including a wide variety of abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taciane Finatto
- Centro de Genômica e Fitomelhoramento, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Vívian Ebeling Viana
- Centro de Genômica e Fitomelhoramento, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnologico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Leomar Guilherme Woyann
- Centro de Genômica e Fitomelhoramento, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Busanello
- Centro de Genômica e Fitomelhoramento, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciano Carlos da Maia
- Centro de Genômica e Fitomelhoramento, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Antonio Costa de Oliveira
- Centro de Genômica e Fitomelhoramento, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnologico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Paul S, Roychoudhury A. Effect of seed priming with spermine/spermidine on transcriptional regulation of stress-responsive genes in salt-stressed seedlings of an aromatic rice cultivar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Xiu H, Nuruzzaman M, Guo X, Cao H, Huang J, Chen X, Wu K, Zhang R, Huang Y, Luo J, Luo Z. Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of Eight PgWRKY Genes in Panax ginseng Responsive to Salt and Hormones. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:319. [PMID: 26959011 PMCID: PMC4813182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of WRKY genes in plant physiological processes, little is known about their roles in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. Forty-eight unigenes on this species were previously reported as WRKY transcripts using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Subsequently, one gene that encodes PgWRKY1 protein belonging to subgroup II-d was cloned and functionally characterized. In this study, eight WRKY genes from the NGS-based transcriptome sequencing dataset designated as PgWRKY2-9 have been cloned and characterized. The genes encoding WRKY proteins were assigned to WRKY Group II (one subgroup II-c, four subgroup II-d, and three subgroup II-e) based on phylogenetic analysis. The cDNAs of the cloned PgWRKYs encode putative proteins ranging from 194 to 358 amino acid residues, each of which includes one WRKYGQK sequence motif and one C2H2-type zinc-finger motif. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated that the eight analyzed PgWRKY genes were expressed at different levels in various organs including leaves, roots, adventitious roots, stems, and seeds. Importantly, the transcription responses of these PgWRKYs to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) showed that PgWRKY2, PgWRKY3, PgWRKY4, PgWRKY5, PgWRKY6, and PgWRKY7 were downregulated by MeJA treatment, while PgWRKY8 and PgWRKY9 were upregulated to varying degrees. Moreover, the PgWRKY genes increased or decreased by salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), and NaCl treatments. The results suggest that the PgWRKYs may be multiple stress–inducible genes responding to both salt and hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xiu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Mohammed Nuruzzaman
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Xiangqian Guo
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Hongzhe Cao
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Jingjia Huang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Xianghui Chen
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Kunlu Wu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Ru Zhang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Yuzhao Huang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Junli Luo
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Zhiyong Luo
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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13
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Karkute SG, Easwaran M, Gujjar RS, Piramanayagam S, Singh M. Protein modeling and molecular dynamics simulation of SlWRKY4 protein cloned from drought tolerant tomato (Solanum habrochaites) line EC520061. J Mol Model 2015; 21:255. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2798-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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WRKY proteins: signaling and regulation of expression during abiotic stress responses. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:807560. [PMID: 25879071 PMCID: PMC4387944 DOI: 10.1155/2015/807560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
WRKY proteins are emerging players in plant signaling and have been thoroughly reported to play important roles in plants under biotic stress like pathogen attack. However, recent advances in this field do reveal the enormous significance of these proteins in eliciting responses induced by abiotic stresses. WRKY proteins act as major transcription factors, either as positive or negative regulators. Specific WRKY factors which help in the expression of a cluster of stress-responsive genes are being targeted and genetically modified to induce improved abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The knowledge regarding the signaling cascade leading to the activation of the WRKY proteins, their interaction with other proteins of the signaling pathway, and the downstream genes activated by them are altogether vital for justified targeting of the WRKY genes. WRKY proteins have also been considered to generate tolerance against multiple abiotic stresses with possible roles in mediating a cross talk between abiotic and biotic stress responses. In this review, we have reckoned the diverse signaling pattern and biological functions of WRKY proteins throughout the plant kingdom along with the growing prospects in this field of research.
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15
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Transcriptome-wide analysis of WRKY transcription factors in wheat and their leaf rust responsive expression profiling. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 289:1289-306. [PMID: 25098419 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
WRKY, a plant-specific transcription factor family, has important roles in pathogen defense, abiotic cues and phytohormone signaling, yet little is known about their roles and molecular mechanism of function in response to rust diseases in wheat. We identified 100 TaWRKY sequences using wheat Expressed Sequence Tag database of which 22 WRKY sequences were novel. Identified proteins were characterized based on their zinc finger motifs and phylogenetic analysis clustered them into six clades consisting of class IIc and class III WRKY proteins. Functional annotation revealed major functions in metabolic and cellular processes in control plants; whereas response to stimuli, signaling and defense in pathogen inoculated plants, their major molecular function being binding to DNA. Tag-based expression analysis of the identified genes revealed differential expression between mock and Puccinia triticina inoculated wheat near isogenic lines. Gene expression was also performed with six rust-related microarray experiments at Gene Expression Omnibus database. TaWRKY10, 15, 17 and 56 were common in both tag-based and microarray-based differential expression analysis and could be representing rust specific WRKY genes. The obtained results will bestow insight into the functional characterization of WRKY transcription factors responsive to leaf rust pathogenesis that can be used as candidate genes in molecular breeding programs to improve biotic stress tolerance in wheat.
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Nuruzzaman M, Sharoni AM, Satoh K, Kumar A, Leung H, Kikuchi S. Comparative transcriptome profiles of the WRKY gene family under control, hormone-treated, and drought conditions in near-isogenic rice lines reveal differential, tissue specific gene activation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:2-13. [PMID: 24189206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The OsWRKY genes play various roles in developmental processes and in stress-related responses in plants. We describe the rice OsWRKY gene expression profiles (GEPs) under control, hormone-treated, and water-deficit treatment (WDT) conditions. The preferential expression of 3 genes was observed in specific tissues, suggesting that these genes may play important roles in the root and panicle stages of growth. To investigate the GEPs in the root and panicle of 3 rice genotypes, we used 2 near-isogenic rice lines from a common genetic combination backcross developed by Aday Selection and IR64. WDTs were applied using the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) for severe, mild, and control conditions. Transcriptomic analysis using a 44K oligoarray from Affymetrix and Agilent was performed on all the tissues. The majority of the OsWRKY genes that were activated were activated in the drought-tolerant IR77298-14-1-2-B-10 line but not in the drought-susceptible IR77298-14-1-2-B-13 or IR64 lines. In IR77298-14-1-2-B-10, non-redundant genes (9) were very specific in their higher expression levels. Approximately 27 and 43% more genes from group III and subgroup IV-a, respectively, were activated in the panicle during severe stress than during the control treatment. We found 5 OsWRKY genes that introgressed in the drought-tolerant IR77298-14-1-2-B-10 line. Os01g43650 was up-regulated in the root under both WDTs and in the panicle under mild stress. OsWRKY up-regulated genes with tissue-specific expression patterns that contained at least 3 cis-elements in the tolerant line. These results provide a useful reference for the cloning of candidate genes for further functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nuruzzaman
- Plant Genome Research Unit Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan; Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku 338-8570, Japan
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17
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Wang CS, Hsu SW, Hsu YF. New insights into desiccation-associated gene regulation by Lilium longiflorum ASR during pollen maturation and in transgenic Arabidopsis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 301:37-94. [PMID: 23317817 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407704-1.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
LLA23, a member of the abscisic acid-, stress-, and ripening-induced (ASR) protein family, was previously isolated from lily (Lilium longiflorum) pollen. The lily ASR is induced through desiccation-associated ABA signaling transduction in the pollen. ASRs are highly hydrophilic and intrinsically unstructured proteins with molecular masses generally less than 18 kDa. LLA23 is abundant in the cytoplasm and nuclei of both vegetative and generative cells of pollen grains. The protein in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm is partly regulated by dehydration. A dual role is proposed for LLA23, as a regulator and a protective molecule, upon exposure to water deficits. This chapter reviews the current state of literature on Asr genes, protein structure, function, and their responses to various stresses. In a study, a genome-wide microarray was used to monitor the expression of LLA23-regulated genes, focusing on the relationship between ASR-, glucose-, and drought-inducible genes, and outlined the difference and cross talk of gene expression among these signaling networks. A strong association was observed in the expression of stress-responsive genes and found 25 genes that respond to all three treatments. Highly inducible genes were also found in each specific stress treatment. Promoter sequence analysis of LLA23-inducible genes enabled us not only to identify possible known cis-acting elements in the promoter regions but also to expect the existence of novel cis-acting elements involved in ASR-responsive gene expression. ASR can be used to improve crops and economically important plants against various environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Co-Shine Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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18
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Tan DX, Hardeland R, Manchester LC, Korkmaz A, Ma S, Rosales-Corral S, Reiter RJ. Functional roles of melatonin in plants, and perspectives in nutritional and agricultural science. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:577-97. [PMID: 22016420 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The presence of melatonin in plants is universal. Evidence has confirmed that a major portion of the melatonin is synthesized by plants themselves even though a homologue of the classic arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) has not been identified as yet in plants. Thus, the serotonin N-acetylating enzyme in plants may differ greatly from the animal AANAT with regard to sequence and structure. This would imply multiple evolutionary origins of enzymes with these catalytic properties. A primary function of melatonin in plants is to serve as the first line of defence against internal and environmental oxidative stressors. The much higher melatonin levels in plants compared with those found in animals are thought to be a compensatory response by plants which lack means of mobility, unlike animals, as a means of coping with harsh environments. Importantly, remarkably high melatonin concentrations have been measured in popular beverages (coffee, tea, wine, and beer) and crops (corn, rice, wheat, barley, and oats). Billions of people worldwide consume these products daily. The beneficial effects of melatonin on human health derived from the consumption of these products must be considered. Evidence also indicates that melatonin has an ability to increase the production of crops. The mechanisms may involve the roles of melatonin in preservation of chlorophyll, promotion of photosynthesis, and stimulation of root development. Transgenic plants with enhanced melatonin content could probably lead to breakthroughs to increase crop production in agriculture and to improve the general health of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas, Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Chen L, Song Y, Li S, Zhang L, Zou C, Yu D. The role of WRKY transcription factors in plant abiotic stresses. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2011; 1819:120-8. [PMID: 21964328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 484] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The WRKY gene family has been suggested to play important roles in the regulation of transcriptional reprogramming associated with plant stress responses. Modification of the expression patterns of WRKY genes and/or changes in their activity contribute to the elaboration of various signaling pathways and regulatory networks. Furthermore, a single WRKY gene often responds to several stress factors, and then their proteins may participate in the regulation of several seemingly disparate processes as negative or positive regulators. WRKY proteins also function via protein-protein interaction and autoregulation or cross-regulation is extensively recorded among WRKY genes, which help us understand the complex mechanisms of signaling and transcriptional reprogramming controlled by WRKY proteins. Here, we review recent progress made in starting to reveal the role of WRKY transcription factors in plant abiotic stresses. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant gene regulation in response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China
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20
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Zhao Z, Stanley BA, Zhang W, Assmann SM. ABA-regulated G protein signaling in Arabidopsis guard cells: a proteomic perspective. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:1637-47. [PMID: 20166762 DOI: 10.1021/pr901011h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Signaling cascades mediated by heterotrimeric G proteins are ubiquitous and important signal transduction mechanisms in both metazoans and plants. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the sole canonical G protein alpha subunit, GPA1, has been implicated in multiple signaling events, including guard cell movement regulated by the plant stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA). However, only a handful of proteins have been demonstrated to be involved in GPA1 signaling to date. Here, we compared the proteome composition of guard cells from wild type Col vs gpa1-4 null mutants with and without ABA treatment using iTRAQ technology to identify guard cell proteins whose abundance was affected by ABA and/or GPA1. After imposition of strict selection criteria, the abundance of two proteins in Col and six proteins in gpa1-4 was found to be affected by ABA in guard cells, and 18 guard cell proteins were quantitatively affected by the mutation of GPA1. On the basis of known functions of the differentially expressed proteins, our data suggest that GPA1 inhibits guard cell photosynthesis and promotes the availability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in guard cells. These results exemplify how iTRAQ can be used to quantitatively study single cell signaling pathways in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zhao
- Biology Department, 208 Mueller Laboratory, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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21
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Fang Y, Xie K, Hou X, Hu H, Xiong L. Systematic analysis of GT factor family of rice reveals a novel subfamily involved in stress responses. Mol Genet Genomics 2009; 283:157-69. [PMID: 20039179 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-009-0507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
GT factors constitute a plant-specific transcription factor family with a conserved trihelix DNA-binding domain. In this study, comprehensive sequence analysis suggested that 26 putative GT factors exist in rice. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three distinctive subfamilies (GTalpha, GTbeta, and GTgamma) of plant GT factors and each subfamily has a unique composition of predicted motifs. We characterized the OsGTgamma-1 gene, a typical member of the GTgamma subfamily in rice. This gene encodes a protein containing a conserved trihelix domain, and the OsGTgamma-1:GFP fusion protein was targeted to nuclei of rice cells. The transcript level of OsGTgamma-1 was strongly induced by salt stress and slightly induced by drought and cold stresses and abscisic acid treatment. Two other members of the GTgamma subfamily, OsGTgamma-2 and OsGTgamma-3, were also induced by most of the abiotic stresses. These results suggested that the genes of the GTgamma subfamily in rice may be involved in stress responses. A homozygous mutant osgtgamma-1 (with T-DNA inserted in the promoter region of OsGTgamma-1) showed more sensitive to salt stress than wild-type rice. Overexpression of OsGTgamma-1 in rice enhanced salt tolerance at the seedling stage. This evidence suggests that the OsGTgamma subfamily may participate in the regulation of stress tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
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22
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Xin Z, Wang A, Yang G, Gao P, Zheng ZL. The Arabidopsis A4 subfamily of lectin receptor kinases negatively regulates abscisic acid response in seed germination. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 149:434-44. [PMID: 18987212 PMCID: PMC2613733 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.130583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important plant hormone for a wide array of growth and developmental processes and stress responses, but the mechanism of ABA signal perception on the plasma membrane remains to be dissected. A previous GeneChip analysis revealed that a member of the A4 subfamily of lectin receptor kinases (LecRKs) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), At5g01540 (designated LecRKA4.1), is up-regulated in response to a low dose of ABA in the rop10-1 background. Here, we present functional evidence to support its role in ABA response. LecRKA4.1 is expressed in seeds and leaves but not in roots, and the protein is localized to the plasma membrane. A T-DNA knockout mutant, lecrka4.1-1, slightly enhanced ABA inhibition of seed germination. Interestingly, LecRKA4.1 is adjacent to two other members of the A4 subfamily of LecRK genes, At5g01550 (LecRKA4.2) and At5g01560 (LecRKA4.3). We found that loss-of-function mutants of LecRKA4.2 and LecRKA4.3 exhibited similarly weak enhancement of ABA response in seed germination inhibition. Furthermore, LecRKA4.2 suppression by RNA interference in lecrka4.1-1 showed stronger ABA inhibition of seed germination than lecrka4.1-1, while the response to gibberellic acid was not affected in lecrka4.1-1 and lecrka4.1-1; LecRKA4.2 (RNAi) lines. Expression studies, together with network-based analysis, suggest that LecRKA4.1 and LecRKA4.2 regulate some of the ABA-responsive genes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the A4 subfamily of LecRKs has a redundant function in the negative regulation of ABA response in seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Xin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York 10468, USA
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23
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Magnan F, Ranty B, Charpenteau M, Sotta B, Galaud JP, Aldon D. Mutations in AtCML9, a calmodulin-like protein from Arabidopsis thaliana, alter plant responses to abiotic stress and abscisic acid. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 56:575-89. [PMID: 18643966 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Many stimuli, such as hormones and abiotic stress factors, elicit changes in intracellular calcium levels that serve to convey information and activate appropriate responses. The Ca2+ signals are perceived by different Ca2+ receptors, and calmodulin (CaM) is one of the best-characterized Ca2+ sensors in eukaryotes. Calmodulin-like (CML) proteins also exist in plants; they share sequence similarity with the ubiquitous and highly conserved CaM, but their roles at the physiological and molecular levels are largely unknown. We present data on Arabidopsis thaliana CML9 (AtCML9) that exhibits 46% amino acid sequence identity with CaM. AtCML9 transcripts are found in all major organs, and a putative AtCML9 regulatory region confers reporter gene expression at various sites, including root apex, stomata, hydathodes and trichomes. AtCML9 expression is rapidly induced by abiotic stress and abscisic acid (ABA) in young seedlings, and by using cml9 knock-out mutants we present evidence that AtCML9 plays essential roles in modulating responses to salt stress and ABA. Seed germination and seedling growth for the mutant lines present a hypersensitive response to ABA that could be correlated with enhanced tolerance to salt stress and water deficit. Mutations of the AtCML9 gene also alter the expression of several stress-regulated genes, suggesting that AtCML9 is involved in salt stress tolerance through its effects on the ABA-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Magnan
- UMR 5546 CNRS-Université Toulouse III, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, 24 Chemin de Borde-Rouge, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Kuhn JM, Hugouvieux V, Schroeder JI. mRNA cap binding proteins: effects on abscisic acid signal transduction, mRNA processing, and microarray analyses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2008; 326:139-50. [PMID: 18630751 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-76776-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) intricately regulates a multitude of processes during plant growth and development. Recent studies have established a connection between genes participating in various steps of cellular RNA metabolism and the ABA signal transduction machinery. In this chapter we focus on the plant nuclear mRNA cap binding proteins, CBP20 and CBP80. We summarize and report recent findings on their effects on cellular signal transduction networks and mRNA processing events. ABA hypersensitive 1 (abh1) harbors a gene disruption in the Arabidopsis CBP80 gene. Loss-of-function mutation of ABH1 can also result in an early flowering phenotype in the Arabidopsis accession C24. abh1 revealed noncoding cis-natural antisense transcripts (cis-NATs) at the CONSTANS locus in wild-type plants with elevated cis-NAT expression in the mutant. abh1 also revealed an influence on the splicing of the MADS box transcription factor Flowering Locus C pre-mRNA, which may result in the regulation of flowering time. Furthermore, new experiments analyzing complementation of cpb20 with site-directed cpb20 mutants provide evidence that the CAP binding activity of CBP20 is essential for the observed cbp-associated phenotypes. In conclusion, mutants in genes participating in RNA processing provide excellent tools to uncover novel molecular mechanisms for the regulation of RNA metabolism and of signal transduction networks in wild-type plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kuhn
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
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Razem FA, Baron K, Hill RD. Turning on gibberellin and abscisic acid signaling. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2006; 9:454-9. [PMID: 16870490 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2006.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Accepted: 07/14/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormones gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) play essential and often antagonistic roles in regulating plant growth, development and stress responses. The long-awaited identification of receptors for both GA and ABA has shed light upon the initial events that surround the perception of these two phytohormones. The discovery of these receptors also challenges conventional views of plant hormone signaling and raises intriguing questions regarding the nature of GA and ABA perception and the initiation of their signaling pathways. Moreover, recent advances in understanding GA and ABA signaling point to the existence of multiple, non-linear cell- and compartment-specific pathways that regulate genomic and non-genomic responses to these phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzi A Razem
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
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