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Lauby SC, Lapp HE, Salazar M, Semyrenko S, Chauhan D, Margolis AE, Champagne FA. Postnatal maternal care moderates the effects of prenatal bisphenol exposure on offspring neurodevelopmental, behavioral, and transcriptomic outcomes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.19.558481. [PMID: 37786706 PMCID: PMC10541647 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.19.558481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols (BPs), including BPA and "BPA-free" structural analogs, are commonly used plasticizers that are present in many plastics and are known endocrine disrupting chemicals. Prenatal exposure to BPA has been associated with negative neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes in children and rodent models. Prenatal BPA exposure has also been shown to impair postnatal maternal care provisioning, which can also affect offspring neurodevelopment and behavior. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the biological effects of prenatal exposure to bisphenols other than BPA and the interplay between prenatal BP exposure and postnatal maternal care on adult behavior. The purpose of the current study was to determine the interactive impact of prenatal BP exposure and postnatal maternal care on neurodevelopment and behavior. Our findings suggest that the effects of prenatal BP exposure on eye-opening, adult attentional set shifting and anxiety-like behavior in the open field are dependent on maternal care in the first five days of life. Interestingly, maternal care might also attenuate the effects of prenatal BP exposure on eye opening and adult attentional set shifting. Finally, transcriptomic profiles in male and female medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala suggest that the interactive effects of prenatal BP exposure and postnatal maternal care converge on estrogen receptor signaling and are involved in biological processes related to gene expression and protein translation and synthesis. Overall, these findings indicate that postnatal maternal care plays a critical role in the expression of the effects of prenatal BP exposure on neurodevelopment and adult behavior. Understanding the underlying biological mechanisms involved might allow us to identify potential avenues to mitigate the adverse effects of prenatal BP exposure and improve health and well-being in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C Lauby
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas at Austin
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Hannah E Lapp
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Melissa Salazar
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Sofiia Semyrenko
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Danyal Chauhan
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Amy E Margolis
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Frances A Champagne
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas at Austin
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin
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Lorenzon F, Gregorio T, Niebisch F, Stolte RCK, Peixe CDMS, Reis WL, Dos Santos GJ, Lima FB. Gestational administration of vitamin D improves maternal care and prevents anxiety-like behavior in male and female Wistar rats prenatally exposed to dexamethasone. Life Sci 2023:121799. [PMID: 37245838 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal overexposure to glucocorticoids (GC) can lead to behavioral changes in adulthood. We aimed to explore the effects of gestational administration of vitamin D on the behavioral responses of dams and their offspring prenatally exposed to dexamethasone (DEX). Vitamin D (500UI) was given daily during the whole pregnancy (VD group). Half of the groups that received vitamin D were treated with DEX (0.1 mg/kg, VD + DEX group) daily between the 14th and 19th days of pregnancy. The corresponding control groups of progenitors were assigned (CTL and DEX groups, respectively). Maternal care and the dam's behaviors were evaluated during lactation. The offspring had developmental and behavioral parameters evaluated during lactation and at 3, 6, and 12 months of age. Gestational administration of vitamin D increased maternal care and had an anxiolytic-like effect on the dams, but the latter was blocked in DEX-treated dams. Prenatal DEX partially impaired neural development and caused an anxiety-like phenotype in the male and female offspring at 6 months, which was prevented by gestational administration of vitamin D. As well, gestational vitamin D improved memory just in the male offspring, but this response was suppressed by prenatal DEX. We concluded that gestational vitamin D could prevent anxiety-like behavior in adult male and female rats prenatally exposed to DEX, which might be, in part, a result of the maternal care improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaviano Lorenzon
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tamires Gregorio
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Niebisch
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Carla Kachel Stolte
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carolina De Moraes Silveira Peixe
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Wagner Luis Reis
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Jorge Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Barbosa Lima
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Merleau LA, Larrigaldie I, Bousquet O, Devers S, Keller M, Lécureuil C, Meunier J. Exposure to pyriproxyfen (juvenile hormone agonist) does not alter maternal care and reproduction in the European earwig. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:72729-72746. [PMID: 35610459 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sublethal exposure to pesticides can alter the survival and reproduction of a wide range of non-target organisms. However, it remains unclear whether this exposure can alter behaviours that are often essential for long-term population dynamics and maintenance, such as parental care. In this study, we tested the effect of pyriproxyfen exposure (an insect growth regulator) on maternal care in the European earwig, an insect that is both used in pest control in pip-fruit orchards and considered a pest in stone fruit orchards. We exposed 424 females at doses either 10 times lower, equivalent or 10 times higher than normal application rates in French orchards. As maternal care can change over the weeks of family life, we exposed the earwig mothers at five different days before and after egg hatching. We then measured the expression of ten forms of maternal care towards eggs and juveniles, six non-caring behaviours, eggs and juvenile development, metabolic reserves in mothers at egg hatching and females' production of a terminal clutch. First, our results revealed that the three tested doses of pyriproxyfen were non-lethal and confirmed that maternal care decreased throughout both pre- and post-hatching family life. However, we did not detect any effect of pyriproxyfen on maternal care and non-care behaviours, eggs and juvenile development, quantities of lipids, proteins and glycogen in mothers at egg hatching, and on the production of a future clutch. Overall, these findings suggest that the maximal doses of pyriproxyfen authorized in French orchards is likely to have limited effects on the short- and long-term maintenance of populations of the European earwig and raises fundamental questions about the nature of the link between juvenile hormone and parental care in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie-Anne Merleau
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR7261, CNRS, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Izïa Larrigaldie
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR7261, CNRS, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Océane Bousquet
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR7261, CNRS, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Séverine Devers
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR7261, CNRS, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Matthieu Keller
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Reproduction & des Comportements, UMR 7247 INRAE/CNRS/Université de Tours/IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Charlotte Lécureuil
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR7261, CNRS, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Joël Meunier
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR7261, CNRS, University of Tours, Tours, France.
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Sánchez‐Olguin CP, Zamudio SR, Guzmán‐Velázquez S, Márquez‐Portillo M, Caba‐Flores MD, Camacho‐Abrego I, Flores G, Melo AI. Neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion disrupts maternal behavior in rats: An animal model of schizophrenia. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22283. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.22283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia P. Sánchez‐Olguin
- Departamento de Fisiología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City Mexico
- Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala Tlaxcala Mexico
| | - Sergio R. Zamudio
- Departamento de Fisiología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City Mexico
| | - Sonia Guzmán‐Velázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City Mexico
| | - Mariana Márquez‐Portillo
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal CINVESTAV Laboratorio Tlaxcala Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala Tlaxcala Mexico
| | | | - Israel Camacho‐Abrego
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala Tlaxcala Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
| | - Angel I. Melo
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal CINVESTAV Laboratorio Tlaxcala Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala Tlaxcala Mexico
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Behavioral Phenotype in Heterozygous DAT Rats: Transgenerational Transmission of Maternal Impact and the Role of Genetic Asset. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12040469. [PMID: 35448000 PMCID: PMC9032929 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12040469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine transporter (DAT) is involved in dopamine (DA) reuptake in presynaptic terminals. Deletion of DAT results in a hyperdopaminergic KO-rat phenotype. To conduct our studies in heterozygous DAT rats, several pedigree lines were created, with known derivation of the allele (i.e., maternal or paternal). Our purpose was to elucidate the role of parental origin rather than maternal care, assessing if maternal maltreatments generated sequelae in female offspring. In the first experiment, female rats and their pups were observed during postnatal lactation. Control dams were WT and heterozygous ones were MAT (but K-MAT, with previous experience of early maltreatment by their KO adoptive dams). WT dams were highly attracted to their offspring (predictably, they spent a lot of time licking their pups); in contrast, K-MAT dams showed strangely comparable levels of caring for their pups and exploring the environment. Subsequently, peculiar features of the circadian cycle were found in adolescent rats with different epigenotypes (WT, MUX = offspring of MAT father, MIK = offspring of K-MAT dam). The MIK epigenotype produced locomotor hyperactivity also during resting hours, well above typical values. The MUX epigenotype, on the other hand, was less active and presented a depression-like profile. This study is unique: maltreatment was generated in a spontaneous way from a DAT-KO mother to offspring. We highlight how future studies will address separate contributions by genotype and upbringing. In conclusion, paternal-allele asset generates sequelae diametrically opposed to the inheritance of early maternal trauma.
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Love SA, Haslin E, Bellardie M, Andersson F, Barantin L, Filipiak I, Adriaensen H, Fazekas CL, Leroy L, Zelena D, Morisse M, Elleboudt F, Moussu C, Lévy F, Nowak R, Chaillou E. Maternal deprivation and milk replacement affect the integrity of gray and white matter in the developing lamb brain. Dev Neurobiol 2022; 82:214-232. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Love
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE Université de Tours PRC Nouzilly France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Csilla L. Fazekas
- Institute of Experimental Medicine Budapest Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - Laurène Leroy
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE Université de Tours PRC Nouzilly France
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Institute of Experimental Medicine Budapest Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre Institute of Physiology Medical School University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
| | - Mélody Morisse
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE Université de Tours PRC Nouzilly France
| | | | | | - Frédéric Lévy
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE Université de Tours PRC Nouzilly France
| | - Raymond Nowak
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE Université de Tours PRC Nouzilly France
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Tactile stimulation prevents disruptions in male rat copulatory behavior induced by artificial rearing. Int J Impot Res 2022; 35:132-139. [PMID: 35087206 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-022-00530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Early life social interactions in gregarious mammals provide an important source of stimulation required for the development of species-typical behaviors. In the present study, complete deprivation of maternal and littermate contact through artificial rearing was used to examine the role of early social stimulation on copulatory behavior and the ejaculate in adult rats. We found that artificially reared naïve male rats were sexually motivated; nevertheless, they did not acquire the level of sexual experience that typically occurs during copulatory training. Disrupted expression of sexual experience of artificially reared rats was demonstrated by an inconsistent pattern of ejaculatory behavior across training tests. Artificial tactile stimulation applied during isolation prevented this disruption and rats achieved ejaculation in most copulatory tests. Despite the irregularity of ejaculatory behavior in isolated rats, their sperm count and seminal plug were similar to control maternally reared (sexually experienced) and artificially-reared rats that received tactile stimulation. These results suggest that tactile sensory information provided by the mother and/or littermates to the offspring is crucial for the development of copulatory behavior. The absence of social and/or tactile stimulation during early life compromises the ability of male rats to gain sexual experience in adulthood.
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Wu R, Li S, Huang Y, Pang J, Cai Y, Zhang X, Jiang T, Yang S, Wei W. Postpartum maternal exposure to predator odor alters offspring antipredator behavior, basal HPA axis activity and immunoglobulin levels in adult Brandt's voles. Behav Brain Res 2022; 416:113532. [PMID: 34416302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Predation risk can program offspring behavior, physiology, and fitness through maternal effect, but most studies have mainly focused on this effect during pregnancy; little is known about the effect of postpartum predation risk on offspring's phenotype. Here, we compared the antipredator behaviors of adult offspring (approximately 90 days old) produced by female Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) exposed to one of three treatments: cat odor (CO), rabbit odor (RO), and distilled water (DW) for 60 min daily from postpartum day 1-18. Basal levels of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT), hypothalamic corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH), as well as spleen immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgG) were also measured. Our data showed that the offspring of CO-exposed mothers displayed less head-out behavior to acute 15-min CO exposure, and female offspring showed more freezing behavior. CO offspring showed significantly lower basal ACTH and CORT levels than the RO and DW offspring. Additionally, female but not male CO offspring had higher hypothalamic CRH expression and spleen IgG levels than controls, showing a sex-specific effect. These findings demonstrate that postpartum maternal predator risk exposure promotes a passive-avoidant response to these cues in adult offspring, showing a cross-generational maternal effect of postpartum predation risk. Further, these changes may be associated with alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyong Wu
- Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yefeng Huang
- Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jinyue Pang
- Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yongjian Cai
- Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Tianyi Jiang
- Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Shengmei Yang
- Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Wanhong Wei
- Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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Lauby SC, Ashbrook DG, Malik HR, Chatterjee D, Pan P, Fleming AS, McGowan PO. The role of interindividual licking received and dopamine genotype on later-life licking provisioning in female rat offspring. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02069. [PMID: 33560574 PMCID: PMC8035462 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rat mothers exhibit natural variations in care that propagate between generations of female offspring. However, there is limited information on genetic variation that could influence this propagation. METHODS We assessed early-life maternal care received by individual female rat offspring, later-life maternal care provisioning, and dopaminergic activity in the maternal brain in relation to naturally occurring genetic polymorphisms linked to the dopaminergic system. We also conducted a systematic analysis of other genetic variants potentially related to maternal behavior in our Long-Evans rat population. RESULTS While we did not find a direct relationship between early-life licking received and later-life licking provisioning, this relationship was indirectly affected by dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens and dependent on variation in the dopamine receptor 2 gene (rs107017253). More specifically, female rat offspring with the A/G genotype showed a positive relationship between average licking received and dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens of the maternal brain; there was no relationship with female rat offspring with the A/A genotype. The higher dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens corresponded with higher maternal licking provisioning from postnatal days 2-9. We also discovered and validated several new variants that were predicted by our systematic analysis. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that genetic variation influences the relationship between early-life maternal care received and the dopaminergic system of the maternal brain, which can indirectly influence later-life maternal care provisioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C. Lauby
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Toronto Scarborough CampusScarboroughONCanada
- Department of Cell and Systems BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - David G. Ashbrook
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and InformaticsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA
| | - Hannan R. Malik
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Toronto Scarborough CampusScarboroughONCanada
| | - Diptendu Chatterjee
- The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and LearningSickkids HospitalTorontoONCanada
| | - Pauline Pan
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Toronto Scarborough CampusScarboroughONCanada
| | - Alison S. Fleming
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
| | - Patrick O. McGowan
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Toronto Scarborough CampusScarboroughONCanada
- Department of Cell and Systems BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
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Valera-Marín G, Young LJ, Camacho F, Paredes RG, Rodríguez VM, Díaz NF, Portillo W. Raised without a father: monoparental care effects over development, sexual behavior, sexual reward, and pair bonding in prairie voles. Behav Brain Res 2021; 408:113264. [PMID: 33775781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Around 5 % of mammals are socially monogamous and both parents provide care to the pups (biparental, BP). Prairie voles are socially monogamous rodents extensively used to understand the neurobiological basis of pair bond formation and the consequences that the absence of one parent has in the offspring. Pair bonding, characterized by selective affiliation with a sexual partner, is facilitated in prairie voles by mating for 6 h or cohabitation without mating for 24 h. It was previously shown that prairie voles raised by their mother alone (monoparental, MP) show delayed pair bond formation upon reaching adulthood. In this study we evaluated the effects of BP and MP care provided on the offspring's development, ability to detect olfactory cues, preference for sexually relevant odors, display of sexual behavior, as well as the rewarding effects of mating. We also measured dopamine and serotonin concentration in the nucleus accumbens (ventral striatum) and dorsal striatum after cohabitation and mating (CM) to determine if differences in these neurotransmitters could underlie the delay in pair bond formation in MP voles. Our data showed that MP voles received less licking/grooming than BP voles, but no developmental differences between groups were found. No differences were found in the detection and discrimination of olfactory cues or preference for sexually relevant odors, as all groups innately preferred opposite sex odors. No differences were found in the display of sexual behavior. However, CM induced reinforcing properties only in BP males, followed by a preference for their sexual partner in BP but not MP males. BP males showed an increase in dopamine turnover (DOPAC/DA and HVA/DA) in the nucleus accumbens in comparison to MP voles. No differences in dopamine, serotonin or their metabolites were found in the dorsal striatum. Our results indicate that MP voles that received less licking behavior exhibit a delay in pair bond formation possibly because the sexual interaction is not rewarding enough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Valera-Marín
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Larry J Young
- Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd., Atlanta, GA, 30329, United States
| | - Francisco Camacho
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Raúl G Paredes
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla, UNAM, Mexico
| | - Verónica M Rodríguez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Néstor F Díaz
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Montes Urales 800, Col. Lomas Virreyes, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, 11000, Mexico.
| | - Wendy Portillo
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico.
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Maternal symptoms of depression and sensitivity mediate the relation between maternal history of early adversity and her child temperament: The inheritance of circumstance. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:605-613. [PMID: 31156070 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419000488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We examined maternal depression and maternal sensitivity as mediators of the association between maternal childhood adversity and her child's temperament in 239 mother-child dyads from a longitudinal, birth cohort study. We used an integrated measure of maternal childhood adversity that included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Parental Bonding Index. Maternal depression was assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at 6 months postpartum. Maternal sensitivity was assessed with the Ainsworth maternal sensitivity scales at 6 months. A measure of "negative emotionality/behavioral dysregulation" was derived from the Early Childhood Behaviour Questionnaire administered at 36 months. Bootstrapping-based mediation analyses revealed that maternal depression mediated the effect of maternal childhood adversity on offspring negative emotionality/behavioral dysregulation (95% confidence interval [0.026, 0.144]). We also found a serial, indirect effect of maternal childhood adversity on child negative emotionality/behavioral mediated first by maternal depression and then by maternal sensitivity (95% confidence interval [0.031, 0.156]). Results suggest the intergenerational transmission of the effects of maternal childhood adversity to the offspring occurs through a two-step, serial pathway, involving maternal depression and maternal sensitivity.
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Joushi S, Esmaeilpour K, Taherizadeh Z, Taheri F, Sheibani V. Intergenerational effects of maternal separation on cognitive abilities of adolescent rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:687-698. [DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Joushi
- Neuroscience Research Center Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Khadijeh Esmaeilpour
- Neuroscience Research Center Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Zahra Taherizadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Farahnaz Taheri
- Neuroscience Research Center Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
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13
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Körner M, Vogelweith F, Libbrecht R, Foitzik S, Feldmeyer B, Meunier J. Offspring reverse transcriptome responses to maternal deprivation when reared with pathogens in an insect with facultative family life. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200440. [PMID: 32345162 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Offspring of species with facultative family life are able to live with and without parents (i.e. to adjust to extreme changes in their social environment). While these adjustments are well understood on a phenotypic level, their genetic underpinnings remain surprisingly understudied. Investigating gene expression changes in response to parental absence may elucidate the genetic constraints driving evolutionary transitions between solitary and family life. Here, we manipulated maternal presence to observe gene expression changes in the fat body of juvenile European earwigs, an insect with facultative family life. Because parents typically protect offspring against pathogens, expression changes were recorded in pathogen-free and pathogen-exposed environments. We found that manipulating maternal presence changed the expression of 154 genes, including several metabolism and growth-related genes, and that this change depended on pathogen presence. Specifically, localization and cell transporter genes were downregulated in maternal absence without pathogens but upregulated with pathogens. At least one immunity gene (pathogenesis-related protein 5) was affected by pathogen exposure regardless of maternal presence. Overall, our findings explicate how offspring adjust to parental deprivation on a molecular level and reveal that such adjustments heavily depend on pathogens in the environment. This emphasizes the central role of pathogens in family life evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Körner
- Evolutionary Animal Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Romain Libbrecht
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Foitzik
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Barbara Feldmeyer
- Molecular Ecology, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joël Meunier
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI), UMR 7261, CNRS, University of Tours, Tours, France
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14
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Botero M, Langley HA, Venta A. The untenable omission of touch in maternal sensitivity and attachment research. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Botero
- Psychology and Philosophy DepartmentSam Houston State University USA
| | | | - Amanda Venta
- Psychology and Philosophy DepartmentSam Houston State University USA
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15
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Lapp HE, Moore CL. Uncovering sources of maternal variability: Inherited and environmental contributions to maternal phenotype. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 62:684-692. [PMID: 32072622 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intergenerational patterns of parental behavior, especially maternal behavior, have been observed across mammalian species including humans, non-human primates, and rodents. These patterns are largely experience-dependent as opposed to genetically induced, with experiences in early-life serving an essential role in directing maternal behavior expressed later in life. Environmental conditions can also alter maternal behavior with consequences for offspring neurodevelopment and interactions with the next generation. Here, we describe effects of lineage during developmental environmental disruption using a limited bedding and nesting material manipulation during the first 2 weeks of life. Dams from three lineages were placed in environments containing either abundant nesting material or reduced nesting material. Environmental condition affected eight measures of maternal behavior and dam lineage affected 12 measures of maternal behavior during the first two postnatal weeks. Lineage, condition, and pup sex predicted pup body weight immediately following the manipulation, with lineage accounting for the largest portion of variance in body weight. Although from a limited sample, these data are the first to examine effects of lineage and environment simultaneously and suggest dam lineage may be a better predictor of maternal behavior than current environmental conditions with important implications for pup outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Lapp
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Sciences Research Center, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Celia L Moore
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Sciences Research Center, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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17
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Pinho GM, Ortiz-Ross X, Reese AN, Blumstein DT. Correlates of maternal glucocorticoid levels in a socially flexible rodent. Horm Behav 2019; 116:104577. [PMID: 31442430 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.104577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
While it is generally accepted that social isolation has detrimental effects on social species, little is known about the importance of social interactions in less social species-particularly for wild reproductive females. We studied socially-flexible yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer) and asked whether features of the social environment are associated with maternal fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentrations. Since changes in maternal baseline glucocorticoids may have positive or negative consequences for offspring fitness, we were also interested in estimating their relationship with measures of reproductive success. We fitted generalized linear mixed effects models to a dataset including maternal FGM measurements, social network metrics, maternal/alloparental care, and pup FGM and survival. Agonistic interactions were positively associated with maternal FGM levels, while mothers that engaged in relatively more affiliative interactions had reduced FGM levels when living in environments with low predator pressure. Pups associated with mothers exhibiting high FGM levels had low annual survival rates, received less maternal/alloparental care and had higher FGM levels. Interestingly, offspring from mothers with high FGM levels were more likely to survive the summer when born in small litters. In sum, social interactions likely influence and are influenced by glucocorticoid levels of facultatively social females. Potential benefits of social bonds may be context-specific, and agonistic interactions may be tightly correlated with fitness. Female marmots exhibiting high FGM levels had overall low reproductive success, which is predicted by the cort-fitness hypothesis. However, under adverse conditions, offspring summer survival can be maximized if pups are born in small litters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M Pinho
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA.
| | | | - Andrew N Reese
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Daniel T Blumstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA; Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Box 519, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA.
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18
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Lauby SC, Chatterjee D, Pan P, McGowan PO, Fleming AS. Inter-individual maternal care received and genotype interactions affect dopaminergic phenotypes in female rat offspring. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12706. [PMID: 30860615 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rat mothers exhibit natural variations in care and can shape offspring adult behaviour and their maternal care by affecting the dopaminergic system. We explored whether genotype and gene × environment interactions are involved in these processes in nulliparous female offspring. We assessed maternal licking/grooming toward individual female pups during the first week postpartum and dopamine-related behaviour of the offspring in adulthood. Behaviours explored included strategy shifting, impulsive action and sucrose preference. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the dopamine receptor 2, dopamine transporter and catechol-O-methyltransferase genes were examined in relation to offspring behaviour and baseline dopamine turnover in select brain regions. Dopamine receptor 2 (RS107017253) variation moderated, or interacted with, the relationship between early-life licking received and behaviour. Specifically, offspring with the A/A genotype showed a significant correlation between early-life licking received and behaviour. Offspring with the A/G and G/G genotypes did not show this relationship. Dopamine transporter gene variation affected offspring behaviour regardless of early-life licking received. Our findings suggest that genotype can directly affect dopamine-related behaviours and alter the sensitivity of offspring to the maternal environment. This could be informative on how maternal care is transmitted between generations of female offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C Lauby
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diptendu Chatterjee
- The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Sickkids Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pauline Pan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick O McGowan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison S Fleming
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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Reshetnikov VV, Ryabushkina YA, Bondar NP. Impact of mothers’ experience and early‐life stress on aggression and cognition in adult male mice. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 62:36-49. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy V. Reshetnikov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Yulia A. Ryabushkina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Natalia P. Bondar
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk Russia
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Kramer J, Meunier J. The other facets of family life and their role in the evolution of animal sociality. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:199-215. [PMID: 29989333 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Family life forms an integral part of the life history of species across the animal kingdom and plays a crucial role in the evolution of animal sociality. Our current understanding of family life, however, is almost exclusively based on studies that (i) focus on parental care and associated family interactions (such as those arising from sibling rivalry and parent-offspring conflict), and (ii) investigate these phenomena in the advanced family systems of mammals, birds, and eusocial insects. Here, we argue that these historical biases have fostered the neglect of key processes shaping social life in ancestral family systems, and thus profoundly hamper our understanding of the (early) evolution of family life. Based on a comprehensive survey of the literature, we first illustrate that the strong focus on parental care in advanced social systems has deflected scrutiny of other important social processes such as sibling cooperation, parent-offspring competition and offspring assistance. We then show that accounting for these neglected processes - and their changing role over time - could profoundly alter our understanding of the origin and subsequent evolution of family life. Finally, we outline how this 'diachronic' perspective on the evolution of family living provides novel insights into general processes driving the evolution of animal sociality. Overall, we infer that the explicit consideration of thus-far neglected facets of family life, together with their study across the whole diversity of family systems, are crucial to advance our understanding of the processes that shape the evolution of social life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos Kramer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (IPMB), University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Joël Meunier
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI), UMR 726, CNRS, Université de Tours, Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
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21
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Social touch during development: Long-term effects on brain and behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:202-219. [PMID: 30278194 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, our goal is to explore what is known about the role of social touch during development. We first address the neural substrates of social touch and the role of tactile experience in neural development. We discuss natural variation in early exposure to social touch, followed by a discussion on experimental manipulations of social touch during development and "natural experiments", such as early institutionalization. We then consider the role of other developmental and experiential variables that predict social touch in adults. Throughout, we propose and consider new theoretical models of the role of social touch during development on later behavior and neurobiology.
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23
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Champagne FA, Curley JP. Plasticity of the Maternal Brain Across the Lifespan. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2017; 2016:9-21. [PMID: 27589495 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Maternal behavior is dynamic and highly sensitive to experiential and contextual factors. In this review, this plasticity will be explored, with a focus on how experiences of females occurring from the time of fetal development through to adulthood impact maternal behavior and the maternal brain. Variation in postpartum maternal behavior is dependent on estrogen sensitivity within the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus and activation within mesolimbic dopamine neurons. This review will discuss how experiences across the lifespan alter the function of these systems and the multigenerational consequences of these neuroendocrine and behavioral changes. These studies, based primarily on the examination of maternal behavior in laboratory rodents and nonhuman primates, provide mechanistic insights relevant to our understanding of human maternal behavior and to the mechanisms of lifelong plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Palanza
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Parma (I), 43100 Parma, Italy
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25
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Zhang B. Consequences of early adverse rearing experience(EARE) on development: insights from non-human primate studies. Zool Res 2017; 38:7-35. [PMID: 28271667 PMCID: PMC5368383 DOI: 10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early rearing experiences are important in one's whole life, whereas early adverse rearing experience(EARE) is usually related to various physical and mental disorders in later life. Although there were many studies on human and animals, regarding the effect of EARE on brain development, neuroendocrine systems, as well as the consequential mental disorders and behavioral abnormalities, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Due to the close genetic relationship and similarity in social organizations with humans, non-human primate(NHP) studies were performed for over 60 years. Various EARE models were developed to disrupt the early normal interactions between infants and mothers or peers. Those studies provided important insights of EARE induced effects on the physiological and behavioral systems of NHPs across life span, such as social behaviors(including disturbance behavior, social deficiency, sexual behavior, etc), learning and memory ability, brain structural and functional developments(including influences on neurons and glia cells, neuroendocrine systems, e.g., hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis, etc). In this review, the effects of EARE and the underlying epigenetic mechanisms were comprehensively summarized and the possibility of rehabilitation was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China; National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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26
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González-Mariscal G, Melo AI. Bidirectional Effects of Mother-Young Contact on the Maternal and Neonatal Brains. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1015:97-116. [PMID: 29080023 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-62817-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive plasticity occurs intensely during the early postnatal period through processes like proliferation, migration, differentiation, synaptogenesis, myelination and apoptosis. Exposure to particular stimuli during this critical period has long-lasting effects on cognition, stress reactivity and behavior. Maternal care is the main source of social, sensory and chemical stimulation to the young and is, therefore, critical to "fine-tune" the offspring's neural development. Mothers providing a low quantity or quality of stimulation produce offspring that will exhibit reduced cognitive performance, impaired social affiliation and increased agonistic behaviors. Transgenerational transmission of such traits occurs epigenetically, i.e., through mechanisms like DNA methylation and post-translational modification of nucleosomal histones, processes that silence or increase gene expression without affecting the DNA sequence. Reciprocally, providing maternal care profoundly affects the behavior, learning, memory and fine neuroanatomy of the adult female. Such effects are in many cases permanent and sometimes they involve the hormones of pregnancy and lactation. The above evidence supports the idea that the mother-young dyad exerts profound and permanent effects on the brains of both adult and developing organisms, respectively. Effects on the latter can be explained by the neural developmental processes taking place during the early postnatal period. In contrast, little is known about the mechanisms mediating the plasticity of the adult maternal brain. The bidirectional effects that mother and young exert on each other's brains exemplify a remarkable plasticity of this organ for organizing itself and provide an immense source of variability for adaptation and evolution in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela González-Mariscal
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Apdo Postal 62, Tlaxcala, Tlax, 90000, Mexico.
| | - Angel I Melo
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Apdo Postal 62, Tlaxcala, Tlax, 90000, Mexico
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Esposito EA, Jones MJ, Doom JR, MacIsaac JL, Gunnar MR, Kobor MS. Differential DNA methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in adolescents exposed to significant early but not later childhood adversity. Dev Psychopathol 2016; 28:1385-1399. [PMID: 26847422 PMCID: PMC5903568 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Internationally adopted adolescents who are adopted as young children from conditions of poverty and deprivation have poorer physical and mental health outcomes than do adolescents conceived, born, and raised in the United States by families similar to those who adopt internationally. Using a sample of Russian and Eastern European adoptees to control for Caucasian race and US birth, and nonadopted offspring of well-educated and well-resourced parents to control for postadoption conditions, we hypothesized that the important differences in environments, conception to adoption, might be reflected in epigenetic patterns between groups, specifically in DNA methylation. Thus, we conducted an epigenome-wide association study to compare DNA methylation profiles at approximately 416,000 individual CpG loci from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 50 adopted youth and 33 nonadopted youth. Adopted youth averaged 22 months at adoption, and both groups averaged 15 years at testing; thus, roughly 80% of their lives were lived in similar circumstances. Although concurrent physical health did not differ, cell-type composition predicted using the DNA methylation data revealed a striking difference in the white blood cell-type composition of the adopted and nonadopted youth. After correcting for cell type and removing invariant probes, 30 CpG sites in 19 genes were more methylated in the adopted group. We also used an exploratory functional analysis that revealed that 223 gene ontology terms, clustered in neural and developmental categories, were significantly enriched between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa A. Esposito
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Widener University, One University Place, Chester, PA 19013
| | - Meaghan J. Jones
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28 Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jenalee R. Doom
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Julia L MacIsaac
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28 Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Megan R. Gunnar
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Canada
| | - Michael S. Kobor
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28 Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Canada
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia
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28
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Thesing J, Kramer J, Koch LK, Meunier J. Short-term benefits, but transgenerational costs of maternal loss in an insect with facultative maternal care. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20151617. [PMID: 26490790 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A lack of parental care is generally assumed to entail substantial fitness costs for offspring that ultimately select for the maintenance of family life across generations. However, it is unknown whether these costs arise when parental care is facultative, thus questioning their fundamental importance in the early evolution of family life. Here, we investigated the short-term, long-term and transgenerational effects of maternal loss in the European earwig Forficula auricularia, an insect with facultative post-hatching maternal care. We showed that maternal loss did not influence the developmental time and survival rate of juveniles, but surprisingly yielded adults of larger body and forceps size, two traits associated with fitness benefits. In a cross-breeding/cross-fostering experiment, we then demonstrated that maternal loss impaired the expression of maternal care in adult offspring. Interestingly, the resulting transgenerational costs were not only mediated by the early-life experience of tending mothers, but also by inherited, parent-of-origin-specific effects expressed in juveniles. Orphaned females abandoned their juveniles for longer and fed them less than maternally-tended females, while foster mothers defended juveniles of orphaned females less well than juveniles of maternally-tended females. Overall, these findings reveal the key importance of transgenerational effects in the early evolution of family life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Thesing
- Zoological Institute, Evolutionary Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jos Kramer
- Zoological Institute, Evolutionary Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lisa K Koch
- Zoological Institute, Evolutionary Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Joël Meunier
- Zoological Institute, Evolutionary Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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29
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The influence of maternal care on stress-related behaviors in domestic dogs: What can we learn from the rodent literature? J Vet Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Brancato A, Plescia F, Lavanco G, Cavallaro A, Cannizzaro C. Continuous and Intermittent Alcohol Free-Choice from Pre-gestational Time to Lactation: Focus on Drinking Trajectories and Maternal Behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:31. [PMID: 26973480 PMCID: PMC4776246 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption during pregnancy and lactation induces detrimental consequences, that are not limited to the direct in utero effects of the drug on fetuses, but extend to maternal care. However, the occurrence and severity of alcohol toxicity are related to the drinking pattern and the time of exposure. The present study investigated in female rats long-term alcohol drinking trajectories, by a continuous and intermittent free-choice paradigm, during pre-gestational time, pregnancy, and lactation; moreover, the consequences of long-term alcohol consumption on the response to natural reward and maternal behavior were evaluated. METHODS Virgin female rats were exposed to home-cage two-bottle continuous- or intermittent "alcohol (20% v/v) vs. water" choice regimen along 12 weeks and throughout pregnancy and lactation. Animals were tested for saccharin preference, and maternal behavior was assessed by recording dams' undisturbed spontaneous home-cage behavior in the presence of their offspring. RESULTS Our results show that the intermittent alcohol drinking-pattern induced an escalation in alcohol intake during pre-gestational time and lactation more than the continuous access, while a reduction in alcohol consumption was observed during pregnancy, contrarily to the drinking trajectories of the continuous access-exposed rats. Long-term voluntary alcohol intake induced a decreased saccharin preference in virgin female rats and a significant reduction in maternal care, with respect to control dams, although the intermittent drinking produced a greater impairment than the continuous-access paradigm. CONCLUSION The present data indicate that both alcohol-drinking patterns are associated to modifications in the drinking trajectories of female rats, in pre-gestational time, during pregnancy and lactation. Moreover, long-lasting alcohol intake can affect sensitivity to natural rewarding stimuli and maternal behavior and sensitivity to natural rewarding stimuli in a pattern-related manner. This study underlies the importance of modeling human alcohol habit and its consequences on the mother-infant dyad, in order to prevent detrimental effects on offspring development and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brancato
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "Giuseppe D'Alessandro", University of PalermoPalermo, Italy; Department BioNeC, University of PalermoPalermo, Italy
| | - Fulvio Plescia
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "Giuseppe D'Alessandro", University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lavanco
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "Giuseppe D'Alessandro", University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Cavallaro
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "Giuseppe D'Alessandro", University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Cannizzaro
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "Giuseppe D'Alessandro", University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
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Ragan CM, Harding KM, Lonstein JS. Associations among within-litter differences in early mothering received and later emotional behaviors, mothering, and cortical tryptophan hydroxylase-2 expression in female laboratory rats. Horm Behav 2016; 77:62-71. [PMID: 26219576 PMCID: PMC7005883 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Parental Care". The effects of differential maternal care received on offspring phenotype in rodents has been extensively studied between litters, but the consequences of differential mothering within litters on offspring neurobehavioral development have been rarely examined. We here investigated how variability in maternal care received among female rat siblings (measured four times daily on postnatal days 4, 6, 8, and 10) relates to the siblings' later emotional and maternal behaviors. As previously reported, we found that some female pups received up to three times more maternal licking bouts compared to their sisters; this difference was positively correlated with the pups' body weights. The number of maternal licking bouts that females received was negatively correlated with their later neophobic behaviors in an open field during periadolescence, but positively correlated with their anxiety-related behavior in an elevated plus maze during adulthood. Licking received was also positively correlated with females' later likelihood to retrieve pups in a maternal sensitization paradigm. In addition, females' neophobia during adolescence and anxiety-related behavior during adulthood predicted some aspects of both postpartum and sensitized maternal responsiveness. Medial prefrontal cortex expression of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2; enzyme necessary for serotonin synthesis) was negatively associated with early maternal licking received. Interestingly, cortical TPH2 was positively associated with the maternal responsiveness of sensitized virgins but negatively associated with it in postpartum females. These results indicate that within-litter differences in maternal care received is an often neglected, but important, contributor to individual differences in offspring socioemotional behaviors as well as to the cortical serotonin neurochemistry that may influence these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Ragan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 108 Giltner Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Kaitlyn M Harding
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 108 Giltner Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Joseph S Lonstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 108 Giltner Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Lomanowska AM, Melo AI. Deconstructing the function of maternal stimulation in offspring development: Insights from the artificial rearing model in rats. Horm Behav 2016; 77:224-36. [PMID: 26112882 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue on "Parental Care". Maternal behavior has an important function in stimulating adequate growth and development of the young. Several approaches have been used in primates and rodents to deconstruct and examine the influence of specific components of maternal stimulation on offspring development. These approaches include observational studies of typical mother-infant interactions and studies of the effects of intermittent or complete deprivation of maternal contact. In this review, we focus on one unique approach using rats that enables the complete control of maternal variables by means of rearing rat pups artificially without contact with the mother or litter, while maintaining stable nutrition, temperature and exposure to stressful stimuli. This artificial rearing model permits the removal and controlled replacement of relevant maternal and litter stimuli and has contributed valuable insights regarding the influence of these stimuli on various developmental outcomes. It also enables the analysis of factors implicated in social isolation itself and their long-term influence. We provide an overview of the effects of artificial rearing on behavior, physiology, and neurobiology, including the influence of replacing maternal tactile stimulation and littermate contact on these outcomes. We then discuss the relevance of these effects in terms of the maternal role in regulating different aspects of offspring development and implications for human research. We emphasize that artificial rearing of rats does not lead to a global insult of nervous system development, making this paradigm useful in investigating specific developmental effects associated with maternal stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Lomanowska
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Angel I Melo
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Laboratorio Tlaxcala, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Apdo Postal 62. C.P. Tlaxcala, Tlax. C.P. 90000, México.
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Kim P, Strathearn L, Swain JE. The maternal brain and its plasticity in humans. Horm Behav 2016; 77:113-23. [PMID: 26268151 PMCID: PMC4724473 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Parental Care". Early mother-infant relationships play important roles in infants' optimal development. New mothers undergo neurobiological changes that support developing mother-infant relationships regardless of great individual differences in those relationships. In this article, we review the neural plasticity in human mothers' brains based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. First, we review the neural circuits that are involved in establishing and maintaining mother-infant relationships. Second, we discuss early postpartum factors (e.g., birth and feeding methods, hormones, and parental sensitivity) that are associated with individual differences in maternal brain neuroplasticity. Third, we discuss abnormal changes in the maternal brain related to psychopathology (i.e., postpartum depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, substance abuse) and potential brain remodeling associated with interventions. Last, we highlight potentially important future research directions to better understand normative changes in the maternal brain and risks for abnormal changes that may disrupt early mother-infant relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilyoung Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 South Race Street, Denver, CO 80208-3500, United States.
| | - Lane Strathearn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Center for Disabilities and Development, 100 Hawkins Drive 213F CDD, Iowa City, IA 52246-1011, United States.
| | - James E Swain
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychology and Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2700, United States.
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Mileva-Seitz VR, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van IJzendoorn MH. Genetic mechanisms of parenting. Horm Behav 2016; 77:211-23. [PMID: 26112881 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Parental Care". The complexities of parenting behavior in humans have been studied for decades. Only recently did we begin to probe the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying these complexities. Much of the research in this field continues to be informed by animal studies, where genetic manipulations and invasive tools allow to peek into and directly observe the brain during the expression of maternal behavior. In humans, studies of adult twins who are parents can suggest dimensions of parenting that might be more amenable to a genetic influence. Candidate gene studies can test specific genes in association with parental behavior based on prior knowledge of those genes' function. Gene-by-environment interactions of a specific kind indicating differential susceptibility to the environment might explain why some parents are more resilient and others are more vulnerable to stressful life events. Epigenetic studies can provide the bridge often necessary to explain why some individuals behave differently from others despite common genetic influences. There is a much-needed expansion in parenting research to include not only mothers as the focus-as has been the case almost exclusively to date-but also fathers, grandparents, and other caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viara R Mileva-Seitz
- Center for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, PO Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Center for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, PO Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands; School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Pawluski JL, Lambert KG, Kinsley CH. Neuroplasticity in the maternal hippocampus: Relation to cognition and effects of repeated stress. Horm Behav 2016; 77:86-97. [PMID: 26122302 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Parental Care". It is becoming clear that the female brain has an inherent plasticity that is expressed during reproduction. The changes that occur benefit the offspring, which in turn secures the survival of the mother's genetic legacy. Thus, the onset of maternal motivation involves basic mechanisms from genetic expression profiles, to hormone release, to hormone-neuron interactions, all of which fundamentally change the neural architecture - and for a period of time that extends, interestingly, beyond the reproductive life of the female. Although multiple brain areas involved in maternal responses are discussed, this review focuses primarily on plasticity in the maternal hippocampus during pregnancy, the postpartum period and well into aging as it pertains to changes in cognition. In addition, the effects of prolonged and repeated stress on these dynamic responses are considered. The maternal brain is a marvel of directed change, extending into behaviors both obvious (infant-directed) and less obvious (predation, cognition). In sum, the far-reaching effects of reproduction on the female nervous system provide an opportunity to investigate neuroplasticity and behavioral flexibility in a natural mammalian model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi L Pawluski
- University of Rennes 1, IRSET-INSERM U1085, Campus Beaulieu, Rennes Cedex, France.
| | - Kelly G Lambert
- Department of Psychology, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA 23005, USA.
| | - Craig H Kinsley
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA.
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Noll LK, Clark CAC, Skowron EA. Multigenerational links between mothers' experiences of autonomy in childhood and preschoolers' respiratory sinus arrhythmia: Variations by maltreatment status. Dev Psychopathol 2015; 27:1443-60. [PMID: 26535936 PMCID: PMC5753801 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579415000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Despite burgeoning evidence linking early exposure to child maltreatment (CM) to deficits in self-regulation, the pathways to strong regulatory development in these children are not well understood, and significant heterogeneity is observed in their outcomes. Experiences of autonomy may play a key role in transmitting self-regulatory capacity across generations and help explain individual differences in maltreatment outcomes. In this study, we investigated multigenerational associations between Generation 1 (G1)-Generation 2 (G2) mothers' early experience of warmth and autonomy in relation to their own mothers and their Generation 3 (G3) children's autonomic physiological regulation in CM (n = 85) and non-CM (n = 128) families. We found that G2 mothers who recalled greater autonomy in their childhood relationship with their G1 mothers had preschool-age G3 children with higher respiratory sinus arrhythmia at baseline when alone while engaged in individual challenge tasks, during social exchanges with their mother in joint challenge tasks, and during the portions of the strange situation procedure when the mother was present. Although no clear mediators of this association emerged, multigenerational links among G1-G2 relations, maternal representations of her child, child behavior, and child respiratory sinus arrhythmia differed by maltreatment status, thus possibly representing important targets for future research and intervention.
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Lomanowska AM, Boivin M, Hertzman C, Fleming AS. Parenting begets parenting: A neurobiological perspective on early adversity and the transmission of parenting styles across generations. Neuroscience 2015; 342:120-139. [PMID: 26386294 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The developing brains of young children are highly sensitive to input from their social environment. Nurturing social experience during this time promotes the acquisition of social and cognitive skills and emotional competencies. However, many young children are confronted with obstacles to healthy development, including poverty, inappropriate care, and violence, and their enhanced sensitivity to the social environment means that they are highly susceptible to these adverse childhood experiences. One source of social adversity in early life can stem from parenting that is harsh, inconsistent, non-sensitive or hostile. Parenting is considered to be the cornerstone of early socio-emotional development and an adverse parenting style is associated with adjustment problems and a higher risk of developing mood and behavioral disorders. Importantly, there is a growing literature showing that an important predictor of parenting behavior is how parents, especially mothers, were parented themselves. In this review, we examine how adversity in early-life affects mothering behavior in later-life and how these effects may be perpetuated inter-generationally. Relying on studies in humans and animal models, we consider evidence for the intergenerational transmission of mothering styles. We then describe the psychological underpinnings of mothering, including responsiveness to young, executive function and affect, as well as the physiological mediators of mothering behavior, including hormones, brain regions and neurotransmitters, and we consider how development in these relevant domains may be affected by adversity experienced in early life. Finally, we explore how genes and early experience interact to predict mothering behavior, including the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms. Understanding how adverse parenting begets adverse parenting in the next generation is critical for designing interventions aimed at preventing this intergenerational cycle of early adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Lomanowska
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - M Boivin
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - C Hertzman
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z9, Canada
| | - A S Fleming
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Fraser Mustard Institute for Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1V6, Canada.
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Miller DW. Integrative Perspectives on Human Growth and Development: Insights into Acupuncture-Point Function from Developmental and Evolutionary Viewpoints. Med Acupunct 2015. [DOI: 10.1089/acu.2015.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David W. Miller
- Adjunct Faculty, Pacific College of Oriental Medicine, Chicago, IL; National University of Health Sciences, Lombard, IL; and East–West Integrated Medicine, LLC, Chicago, IL
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Kim P, Rigo P, Leckman JF, Mayes LC, Cole PM, Feldman R, Swain JE. A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Perceived Infant Outcomes at 18-24 Months: Neural and Psychological Correlates of Parental Thoughts and Actions Assessed during the First Month Postpartum. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1772. [PMID: 26635679 PMCID: PMC4654106 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The first postpartum months constitute a critical period for parents to establish an emotional bond with their infants. Neural responses to infant-related stimuli have been associated with parental sensitivity. However, the associations among these neural responses, parenting, and later infant outcomes for mothers and fathers are unknown. In the current longitudinal study, we investigated the relationships between parental thoughts/actions and neural activation in mothers and fathers in the neonatal period with infant outcomes at the toddler stage. At the first month postpartum, mothers (n = 21) and fathers (n = 19) underwent a neuroimaging session during which they listened to their own and unfamiliar baby's cry. Parenting-related thoughts/behaviors were assessed by interview twice at the first month and 3-4 months postpartum and infants' socioemotional outcomes were reported by mothers and fathers at 18-24 months postpartum. In mothers, higher levels of anxious thoughts/actions about parenting at the first month postpartum, but not at 3-4 months postpartum, were associated with infant's low socioemotional competencies at 18-24 months. Anxious thoughts/actions were also associated with heightened responses in the motor cortex and reduced responses in the substantia nigra to own infant cry sounds. On the other hand, in fathers, higher levels of positive perception of being a parent at the first month postpartum, but not at 3-4 months postpartum, were associated with higher infant socioemotional competencies at 18-24 months. Positive thoughts were associated with heightened responses in the auditory cortex and caudate to own infant cry sounds. The current study provides evidence that parental thoughts are related to concurrent neural responses to their infants at the first month postpartum as well as their infant's future socioemotional outcome at 18-24 months. Parent differences suggest that anxious thoughts in mothers and positive thoughts in fathers may be the targets for parenting-focused interventions very early postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilyoung Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of DenverDenver, CO, USA
- *Correspondence: Pilyoung Kim,
| | - Paola Rigo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of TrentoTrento, Italy
| | - James F. Leckman
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, USA
| | - Linda C. Mayes
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pamela M. Cole
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, PA, USA
| | - Ruth Feldman
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat Gan, Israel
| | - James E. Swain
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychology, Center for Human Growth and Development, Women and Infants Mental Health Program, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI, USA
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Melo AI. Role of sensory, social, and hormonal signals from the mother on the development of offspring. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 10:219-48. [PMID: 25287543 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1372-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
For mammals, sensory, social, and hormonal experience early in life is essential for the continuity of the infant's development. These experiences come from the mother through maternal care, and have enduring effects on the physiology and behavior of the adult organism. Disturbing the mother-offspring interaction by maternal deprivation (neglect) or exposure to adverse events as chronic stress, maltreatment, or sexual abuse has negative effects on the mental, psychological, physiological, and behavioral health. Indeed, these kinds of negative experiences can be the source of some neuropsychiatric diseases as depression, anxiety, impulsive aggression, and antisocial behavior. The purpose of this chapter is to review the most relevant evidence that supports the participation of cues from the mother and/or littermates during the postnatal preweaning period for the development of nervous system of the offspring. These findings come from the most frequently utilized experimental paradigms used in animal models, such as natural variations in maternal behavior, handling, partial maternal deprivation, and total maternal deprivation and artificial rearing. Through the use of these experimental procedures, it is possible to positively (handling paradigm), or negatively (maternal deprivation paradigms), affect the offspring's development. Finally, this chapter reviews the importance of the hormones that pups ingest through the maternal milk during early lactation on the development of several physiological systems, including the immune, endocrine systems, as well as on the adult behavior of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel I Melo
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Laboratorio Tlaxcala, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico,
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Moses-Kolko EL, Horner MS, Phillips ML, Hipwell AE, Swain JE. In search of neural endophenotypes of postpartum psychopathology and disrupted maternal caregiving. J Neuroendocrinol 2014; 26:665-84. [PMID: 25059408 PMCID: PMC4353923 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This is a selective review that provides the context for the study of perinatal affective disorder mechanisms and outlines directions for future research. We integrate existing literature along neural networks of interest for affective disorders and maternal caregiving: (i) the salience/fear network; (ii) the executive network; (iii) the reward/social attachment network; and (iv) the default mode network. Extant salience/fear network research reveals disparate responses and corticolimbic coupling to various stimuli based upon a predominantly depressive versus anxious (post-traumatic stress disorder) clinical phenotype. Executive network and default mode connectivity abnormalities have been described in postpartum depression (PPD), although studies are very limited in these domains. Reward/social attachment studies confirm a robust ventral striatal response to infant stimuli, including cry and happy infant faces, which is diminished in depressed, insecurely attached and substance-using mothers. The adverse parenting experiences received and the attachment insecurity of current mothers are factors that are associated with a diminution in infant stimulus-related neural activity similar to that in PPD, and raise the need for additional studies that integrate mood and attachment concepts in larger study samples. Several studies examining functional connectivity in resting state and emotional activation functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigms have revealed attenuated corticolimbic connectivity, which remains an important outcome that requires dissection with increasing precision to better define neural treatment targets. Methodological progress is expected in the coming years in terms of refining clinical phenotypes of interest and experimental paradigms, as well as enlarging samples to facilitate the examination of multiple constructs. Functional imaging promises to determine neural mechanisms underlying maternal psychopathology and impaired caregiving, such that earlier and more precise detection of abnormalities will be possible. Ultimately, the discovery of such mechanisms will promote the refinement of treatment approaches toward maternal affective disturbance, parenting behaviours and the augmentation of parenting resiliency.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Moses-Kolko
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Liang M, Zhong J, Liu HX, Lopatina O, Nakada R, Yamauchi AM, Higashida H. Pairmate-dependent pup retrieval as parental behavior in male mice. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:186. [PMID: 25071431 PMCID: PMC4092370 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate parental care by fathers can greatly facilitate healthy human family life. However, much less is known about paternal behavior in animals compared to those regarding maternal behavior. Previously, we reported that male ICR strain laboratory mice, although not spontaneously parental, can be induced to display maternal-like parental care (pup retrieval) when separated from their pups by signals from the pairmate dam (Liu et al., 2013). This parental behavior by the ICR sires, which are not genetically biparental, is novel and has been designated as pairmate-dependent paternal behavior. However, the factors critical for this paternal behavior are unclear. Here, we report that the pairmate-dependent paternal retrieval behavior is observed especially in the ICR strain and not in C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice. An ICR sire displays retrieval behavior only toward his biological pups. A sire co-housed with an unrelated non-pairing dam in a new environment, under which 38-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations are not detected, does not show parenting behavior. It is important for sires to establish their own home territory (cage) by continuous housing and testing to display retrieval behavior. These results indicated that the ICR sires display distinct paternity, including father-child social interaction, and shed light on parental behavior, although further analyses of paternal care at the neuroendocrinological and neurocircuitry levels are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Liang
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan ; Department of Biophysical Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Jing Zhong
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan ; Department of Biophysical Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hong-Xiang Liu
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Olga Lopatina
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nakada
- Department of Biophysical Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Agnes-Mikiko Yamauchi
- Department of Biophysical Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
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Abstract
Fathering plays an important role in infants' socioemotional and cognitive development. Previous studies have identified brain regions that are important for parenting behavior in human mothers. However, the neural basis of parenting in human fathers is largely unexplored. In the current longitudinal study, we investigated structural changes in fathers' brains during the first 4 months postpartum using voxel-based morphometry analysis. Biological fathers (n = 16) with full-term, healthy infants were scanned at 2-4 weeks postpartum (time 1) and at 12-16 weeks postpartum (time 2). Fathers exhibited increase in gray matter (GM) volume in several neural regions involved in parental motivation, including the hypothalamus, amygdala, striatum, and lateral prefrontal cortex. On the other hand, fathers exhibited decreases in GM volume in the orbitofrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and insula. The findings provide evidence for neural plasticity in fathers' brains. We also discuss the distinct patterns of associations among neural changes, postpartum mood symptoms, and parenting behaviors among fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilyoung Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 South Race Street, Denver, CO 80208-3500
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Paola Rigo
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 South Race Street, Denver, CO 80208-3500
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Trento, 38122 Italy
| | - Linda C. Mayes
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510
- The Anna Freud Centre, 12 Maresfield Gardens, London NW3 5SD, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Feldman
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - James F. Leckman
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - James E Swain
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychology, Center for Human Growth and Development, Women and Infants Mental Health Program, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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44
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Uriarte N, Fernández MV, Agrati D, Zuluaga MJ, Ferreño M, Ferreira A. Maternal and affective behaviors of lactating rats reared in overlapping litters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 108:221-30. [PMID: 24746748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum mating in rats gives rise to complex family units consisting of the mother and two overlapping litters. As a consequence, newborn pups of the second litter, since the moment they are born, acquire experience not only from interaction with the mother and age-matched littermates but also from interaction with older siblings. Newborn pups reared in overlapping litters (OLs) receive a different pattern of maternal stimulation compared to those reared in single litters (SL: one litter of same aged pups), as the mothers reduce some maternal behavior components and juvenile pups from the first litter develop maternal behavior. Since there is strong evidence showing that variations in maternal behavior are transmitted throughout generations, we hypothesized that the altered pattern of maternal stimulation received by OL reared females would modify their behavior during motherhood. To test this hypothesis maternal behavior, maternal aggression and experimental anxiety of dams reared under OL and SL conditions during the first postpartum week were compared. No differences were found between the groups in their maternal behavior and aggression. This result may be explained by the maternal behavior of the juveniles that could compensate for the deficits in the caregiving behaviors received by OL litters. However, a subtle temporal reorganization of the licking behavior was found in OL reared mothers, together with an increased anxiety-related behavior in the plus maze test. These results suggest dissociation in the effects provoked by early environmental alterations on different behavioral systems, and more importantly, that independently of their early family composition, both groups can cope effectively with the changing demands of the pups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Uriarte
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Sección Biomatemática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Experimentación Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.
| | - María Victoria Fernández
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Sección Biomatemática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Experimentación Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Daniella Agrati
- Sección Fisiología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Experimentación Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - María José Zuluaga
- Sección Fisiología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Experimentación Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Marcela Ferreño
- Sección Fisiología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Experimentación Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Annabel Ferreira
- Sección Fisiología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Experimentación Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
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45
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Abstract
While the neurobiology of post-traumatic stress disorder has been extensively researched, much less attention has been paid to the neural mechanisms underlying more covert but pervasive types of trauma (e.g., those involving disrupted relationships and insecure attachment). Here, we report on a neurobiological study documenting that mothers' attachment-related trauma, when unresolved, undermines her optimal brain response to her infant's distress. We examined the amygdala blood oxygenation level-dependent response in 42 first-time mothers as they underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning, viewing happy- and sad-face images of their own infant, along with those of a matched unknown infant. Whereas mothers with no trauma demonstrated greater amygdala responses to the sad faces of their own infant as compared to their happy faces, mothers who were classified as having unresolved trauma in the Adult Attachment Interview (Dynamic Maturational Model) displayed blunted amygdala responses when cued by their own infants' sadness as compared to happiness. Unknown infant faces did not elicit differential amygdala responses between the mother groups. The blunting of the amygdala response in traumatized mothers is discussed as a neural indication of mothers' possible disengagement from infant distress, which may be part of a process linking maternal unresolved trauma and disrupted maternal caregiving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohye Kim
- a Department of Pediatrics , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
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46
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Sale A, Berardi N, Maffei L. Environment and Brain Plasticity: Towards an Endogenous Pharmacotherapy. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:189-234. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain plasticity refers to the remarkable property of cerebral neurons to change their structure and function in response to experience, a fundamental theoretical theme in the field of basic research and a major focus for neural rehabilitation following brain disease. While much of the early work on this topic was based on deprivation approaches relying on sensory experience reduction procedures, major advances have been recently obtained using the conceptually opposite paradigm of environmental enrichment, whereby an enhanced stimulation is provided at multiple cognitive, sensory, social, and motor levels. In this survey, we aim to review past and recent work concerning the influence exerted by the environment on brain plasticity processes, with special emphasis on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms and starting from experimental work on animal models to move to highly relevant work performed in humans. We will initiate introducing the concept of brain plasticity and describing classic paradigmatic examples to illustrate how changes at the level of neuronal properties can ultimately affect and direct key perceptual and behavioral outputs. Then, we describe the remarkable effects elicited by early stressful conditions, maternal care, and preweaning enrichment on central nervous system development, with a separate section focusing on neurodevelopmental disorders. A specific section is dedicated to the striking ability of environmental enrichment and physical exercise to empower adult brain plasticity. Finally, we analyze in the last section the ever-increasing available knowledge on the effects elicited by enriched living conditions on physiological and pathological aging brain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Sale
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy; Department of Psychology, Florence University, Florence, Italy; and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Berardi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy; Department of Psychology, Florence University, Florence, Italy; and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lamberto Maffei
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy; Department of Psychology, Florence University, Florence, Italy; and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
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47
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Pérez-Laso C, Ortega E, Martín JLR, Pérez-Izquierdo MA, Gómez F, Segovia S, Del Cerro MCR. Maternal care interacts with prenatal stress in altering sexual dimorphism in male rats. Horm Behav 2013; 64:624-33. [PMID: 23994571 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study analyzes the interaction between prenatal stress and mother's behavior on brain, hormonal, and behavioral development of male offspring in rats. It extends to males our previous findings, in females, that maternal care can alter behavioral dimorphism that becomes evident in the neonates when they mature. Experiment 1 compares the maternal behavior of foster mothers toward cross-fostered pups versus mothers rearing their own litters. Experiment 2 ascertains the induced "maternal" behavior of the male pups, derived from Experiment 1 when they reached maturity. The most striking effect was that the males non-exposed to the stress as fetuses and raised by stressed foster mothers showed the highest levels of "maternal" behavior of all the groups (i.e., induction of maternal behavior and retrieving behavior), not differing from the control, unstressed, female groups. Furthermore, those males showed significantly fewer olfactory bulb mitral cells than the control males that were non-stressed as fetuses and raised by their own non-stressed mothers. They also presented the lowest levels of plasma testosterone of all the male groups. The present findings provide evidence that prenatal environmental stress can "demasculinize" the behavior, brain anatomy and hormone secretion in the male fetuses expressed when they reach maturity. Moreover, the nature of the maternal care received by neonates can affect the behavior and physiology that they express at maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pérez-Laso
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, C/Juan del Rosal 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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48
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Pittet F, Le Bot O, Houdelier C, Richard-Yris MA, Lumineau S. Motherless quail mothers display impaired maternal behavior and produce more fearful and less socially motivated offspring. Dev Psychobiol 2013; 56:622-34. [PMID: 23754757 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Early maternal deprivation impairs the behavioral development of young individuals. Recently, strong differences between mothered and maternally deprived chicks have been reported concerning their emotionality, sociality, and spatial skills. Here we investigated long-term and cross-generational impacts of maternal deprivation by comparing the characteristics of the non-reproductive and the maternal behavior of 22 mothered and 22 non-mothered adult female Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica) and by comparing the behavior of their respective fostered chicks. We reveal that non-brooded mothers were more fearful and less competent in spatial tasks and expressed impaired maternal care, characterized by more aggression towards chicks, higher activity rates, and more abnormal pacing during the first days of the care period. Chicks' behavior was clearly affected by maternal care inducing strong differences in their fearfulness and social motivation. Our results show both long-term and cross-generational impacts of early maternal deprivation in precocial birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Pittet
- UMR CNRS 6552 «Ethologie Animale et Humaine», Université de Rennes I, Bâtiment 25, Campus de Beaulieu 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc CS74205, 35042, Rennes, Cedex, France
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49
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The Role of Developmental Psychobiology in the Unification of Psychology. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1037/a0032936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The interdisciplinary nature of Developmental Psychobiology (DPB) means that it already unifies many perspectives in psychology. DPB explanations of the development of both individual differences and species-typical behaviors include information from cells, tissue, organ systems, family, societal groups, and sociocultural customs to explain the development of both “normal” and “abnormal” behavioral traits. DPB also contextualizes understanding of the developmental processes governing the manifestation of a behavioral trait with understanding of the adaptive functions and phylogenetic history of that trait. Thus, DPB links clinical, cognitive, social, and developmental psychology with physiology, molecular biology, evolution, ecology, and developmental biology to create explanations that are relevant for education, public health, and medicine.
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50
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Ward ID, Zucchi FCR, Robbins JC, Falkenberg EA, Olson DM, Benzies K, Metz GA. Transgenerational programming of maternal behaviour by prenatal stress. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2013; 13 Suppl 1:S9. [PMID: 23446000 PMCID: PMC3561190 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-13-s1-s9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripartum events hold the potential to have dramatic effects in the programming of physiology and behaviour of offspring and possibly subsequent generations. Here we have characterized transgenerational changes in rat maternal behaviour as a function of gestational and prenatal stress. Pregnant dams of the parental generation were exposed to stress from days 12-18 (F0-S). Their daughters and grand-daughters were either stressed (F1-SS, F2-SSS) or non-stressed (F1-SN, F2-SNN). Maternal antepartum behaviours were analyzed at a time when pregnant dams usually show a high frequency of tail chasing behaviours. F1-SS, F2-SNN and F2-SSS groups showed a significant reduction in tail chasing behaviours when compared with controls. The effects of multigenerational stress (SSS) slightly exceeded those of transgenerational stress (SNN) and resulted in absence of tail chasing behaviour. These findings suggest that antepartum maternal behaviour in rats is programmed by transgenerational inheritance of stress responses. Thus, altered antepartum maternal behaviour may serve as an indicator of an activated stress response during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac D Ward
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K3M4
| | - Fabíola C R Zucchi
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K3M4
| | - Jerrah C Robbins
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K3M4
| | - Erin A Falkenberg
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K3M4
| | - David M Olson
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, 227 HMRC, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G2S2
| | - Karen Benzies
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N1N4
| | - Gerlinde A Metz
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K3M4
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