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Alzahrani M, Kamal YF, Akram MA. Tacrolimus Ointment in Periorbital Atopic Dermatitis. Cureus 2024; 16:e53055. [PMID: 38410340 PMCID: PMC10896248 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Periorbital atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common sign in ophthalmological practice and usually has a persistent and relapsing course. Treatment with topical corticosteroids has various side effects associated with their usage. Tacrolimus topical ointment has unique immunomodulatory properties that decrease skin inflammation and pruritus in AD. In this case series, we present a prospective case series of five patients (three males and two females) who received topical application of tacrolimus ointment 0.1-0.03% in the periorbital area twice daily for one to four weeks. The pre- and post-treatment images of all patients were recorded to compare the effects of the treatment. The cases were selected from patients attending the outpatient clinics of East Jeddah Hospital, Saudi Arabia. All patients were suffering from AD. Patients underwent a clinical assessment by tactile inspection (location, size, color, and surface condition) in the first week, secondweek, third month, and first year. We may conclude from this study that tacrolimus showed promising outcomes and is safe and effective for the treatment of flares or resistant periorbital AD in both adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yumna F Kamal
- Medicine and Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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2
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Teng Y, Tang H, Yu Y, Fan Y, Tao X, Xu D. Successful Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis with a Predominant Nipple Involvement by Abrocitinib During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Report. J Asthma Allergy 2023; 16:789-792. [PMID: 37547036 PMCID: PMC10404034 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s422836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is limited literature on AD with a predominant involvement of nipple among the adult male group. SARS-CoV-2 infection might have been an exacerbating factor of AD by initiating the "cytokine storm". Conventional treatment suffers from a dilemma of poor efficacy and a high recurrence. The JAK inhibitors have been clinically applied to treat the AD with a good outcome. Patients and Methods We present a case of a 28-year-old male AD patient with a predominant nipple involvement successfully treated with JAK inhibitor abrocitinib, with no adverse affects. Results The case shows a good clinical efficacy of JAK inhibitor abrocitinib in the treatment of AD with a predominant nipple involvement during the COVID-19 pandemic with a rapid and long-term symptomatic relief. Conclusion JAK inhibitor abrocitinib might become a promising agent for the treatment with AD with a predominant uncommon region like nipple that might be resistant to conventional therapies during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Teng
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Tang
- Graduate School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Yu
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yibin Fan
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Tao
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danfeng Xu
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, People’s Republic of China
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Woo GE, Hwang HJ, Park AY, Sim JY, Woo SY, Kim MJ, Jeong SM, Sung NY, Kim DS, Ahn DH. Anti-Atopic Activities of Sargassum horneri Hot Water Extracts in 2,4-Dinitrochlorobezene-Induced Mouse Models. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:363-370. [PMID: 36775854 PMCID: PMC10084757 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2211.11007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammation associated with skin hypersensitivity caused by environmental factors. The objent of this study was to assess the hot water extracts of Sargassum horneri (SHHWE) on AD. AD was induced by spreading 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) on the BALB/c mice. The efficacy of SHHWE was tested by observing the immunoglobulin E (IgE), cytokine, skin clinical severity score and cytokine secretions in concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated splenocytes. The levels of interleukine (IL)-4, IL-5 and IgE, the pro-inflammatory cytokines that are closely related, were notably suppressed in a does-dependent manner by SHHWE, whereas the level of interferon γ (IFN-γ), the atopy-related Th1 cytokine inhibiting the production of Th2 cytokines, was increased. Therefore, these results show that SHHWE has a potent anti-inhibitory effect on AD and is highly valuable for cosmetic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Eun Woo
- Department of Food Science and Technology/Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ji Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Technology/Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Yeoung Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology/Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Sim
- Department of Food Science and Technology/Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Woo
- Department of Food Science and Technology/Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology/Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Mi Jeong
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak-Yun Sung
- Division of Natural Product Research, Korea Prime Pharmacy CO., LTD., Jeonnam 58144, Korea
| | - Dong-Sub Kim
- Division of Natural Product Research, Korea Prime Pharmacy CO., LTD., Jeonnam 58144, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Food Science and Technology/Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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4
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Yang Y, Kong J, Liu Y, Wu Q, Cao Y, Qiu J, Zhang L, Gong X, Zhao F, Cao X, Wang J. Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two cyclosporine oral solution formulations in cats. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:940472. [PMID: 36032284 PMCID: PMC9399922 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.940472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic profiles and bioequivalence of two cyclosporine oral solutions were investigated in cats. Twenty-four cats were randomly allocated to two equally sized treatment groups in a randomized four-cycle, and dual-sequence cross-over design. Test and reference articles were orally administered in a single dose of 7 mg/kg Bodyweight. Serial blood samples were collected, and blood cyclosporine concentration was determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). No significant differences were present in the major pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, AUC0−last,) between the two formulations. The blood profiles of cyclosporine following the administration of both formulations were similar. The findings of the study suggested that the two articles were bioequivalent for cyclosporine oral solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Kong
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinyao Wu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuying Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Qiu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Gong
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuhua Zhao
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyuan Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xingyuan Cao
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Jianzhong Wang ;
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The antinuclear antibody dense fine speckled pattern and possible clinical associations: An indication of a proinflammatory microenvironment. J Immunol Methods 2020; 488:112904. [PMID: 33121975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) is the most prevalent screening antinuclear antibody test for systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (SARD). Certain IIF patterns have known antibody and disease associations, but the dense fine speckled (ANA-DFS) pattern has no confirmed clinical associations. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of SARD among a group of ANA-DFS positive individuals and to identify final diagnoses among non-SARD individuals in order to determine possible clinical associations with the ANA-DFS pattern. METHODS A retrospective study of 425 patients from a university health care system with a positive ANA-DFS pattern consecutively between August 2017 and September 2018. Sera samples underwent ANA testing by IIF on HEp-2 cell substrates (Euroimmun, Germany). Clinical information was retrieved from electronic health records and stored in a de-identified database. RESULTS The prevalence of SARD was 24%. Undetermined diagnosis (17%), skin disorders (12.1%), and fibromyalgia/chronic pain syndrome/chronic fatigue syndrome (11.8%) were the most common non-SARD diagnoses. Taking into account past medical history, the most common non-SARD were atopic disorders (21.2%), fibromyalgia/chronic pain syndrome/chronic fatigue syndrome (17.6%), and skin disorders (16.7%). CONCLUSIONS The ANA-DFS pattern may be indicative of an underlying antigen-antibody interaction that plays a role in either the initiation or propagation of immunologic reactions. DFS70/LEDGF is a transcription factor involved in cell survival and stress protection, and autoantibodies may inhibit its function. It is likely that there are other antibodies producing the ANA-DFS pattern besides anti-DFS70/LEDGF, and more research is necessary to identify additional antibody specificities. The ANA-DFS pattern may be an indicator of a proinflammatory microenvironment given the high frequency of symptomatic patients and disease processes with an immunologic basis (including SARD).
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Dykewicz MS, Wallace DV, Amrol DJ, Baroody FM, Bernstein JA, Craig TJ, Dinakar C, Ellis AK, Finegold I, Golden DBK, Greenhawt MJ, Hagan JB, Horner CC, Khan DA, Lang DM, Larenas-Linnemann DES, Lieberman JA, Meltzer EO, Oppenheimer JJ, Rank MA, Shaker MS, Shaw JL, Steven GC, Stukus DR, Wang J, Dykewicz MS, Wallace DV, Dinakar C, Ellis AK, Golden DBK, Greenhawt MJ, Horner CC, Khan DA, Lang DM, Lieberman JA, Oppenheimer JJ, Rank MA, Shaker MS, Stukus DR, Wang J, Dykewicz MS, Wallace DV, Amrol DJ, Baroody FM, Bernstein JA, Craig TJ, Finegold I, Hagan JB, Larenas-Linnemann DES, Meltzer EO, Shaw JL, Steven GC. Rhinitis 2020: A practice parameter update. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:721-767. [PMID: 32707227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This comprehensive practice parameter for allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) provides updated guidance on diagnosis, assessment, selection of monotherapy and combination pharmacologic options, and allergen immunotherapy for AR. Newer information about local AR is reviewed. Cough is emphasized as a common symptom in both AR and NAR. Food allergy testing is not recommended in the routine evaluation of rhinitis. Intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) remain the preferred monotherapy for persistent AR, but additional studies support the additive benefit of combination treatment with INCS and intranasal antihistamines in both AR and NAR. Either intranasal antihistamines or INCS may be offered as first-line monotherapy for NAR. Montelukast should only be used for AR if there has been an inadequate response or intolerance to alternative therapies. Depot parenteral corticosteroids are not recommended for treatment of AR due to potential risks. While intranasal decongestants generally should be limited to short-term use to prevent rebound congestion, in limited circumstances, patients receiving regimens that include an INCS may be offered, in addition, an intranasal decongestant for up to 4 weeks. Neither acupuncture nor herbal products have adequate studies to support their use for AR. Oral decongestants should be avoided during the first trimester of pregnancy. Recommendations for use of subcutaneous and sublingual tablet allergen immunotherapy in AR are provided. Algorithms based on a combination of evidence and expert opinion are provided to guide in the selection of pharmacologic options for intermittent and persistent AR and NAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Dykewicz
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Mo.
| | - Dana V Wallace
- Department of Medicine, Nova Southeastern Allopathic Medical School, Fort Lauderdale, Fla
| | - David J Amrol
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Fuad M Baroody
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Allergy Section, Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Timothy J Craig
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State University, Hershey, Pa
| | - Chitra Dinakar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Anne K Ellis
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ira Finegold
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai West, New York, NY
| | - David B K Golden
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - Matthew J Greenhawt
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colo
| | - John B Hagan
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Caroline C Horner
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Mo
| | - David A Khan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex
| | - David M Lang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Jay A Lieberman
- Division of Pulmonology Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tenn
| | - Eli O Meltzer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, Calif; Allergy and Asthma Medical Group and Research Center, San Diego, Calif
| | - John J Oppenheimer
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine and Allergic & Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ; Pulmonary and Allergy Associates, Morristown, NJ
| | - Matthew A Rank
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Marcus S Shaker
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | | | | | - David R Stukus
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Julie Wang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Beken B, Serttas R, Yazicioglu M, Turkekul K, Erdogan S. Quercetin Improves Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Impaired Wound Healing in Atopic Dermatitis Model of Human Keratinocytes. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY IMMUNOLOGY AND PULMONOLOGY 2020; 33:69-79. [PMID: 34678092 DOI: 10.1089/ped.2019.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease with complex pathogenesis. Natural flavonoids exhibit strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in many human diseases. In this study, the potential bioactive effect of quercetin, a polyphenolic plant-derived flavonoid, on the AD model of human keratinocytes was evaluated. Methods: Immortalized human HaCaT keratinocytes were treated with interleukin (IL) -4, -13, and tumor necrosis factor-α to mimic AD features in vitro. Then effects of quercetin on inflammation, oxidative stress, and wound healing were assessed. Results: Pretreatment of the cells with 1.5 μM of quercetin significantly reduced the expression of AD-induced IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, while it strongly enhanced the expression of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), SOD2, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and IL-10. Quercetin promoted wound healing by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which was supported by the upregulation of Twist and Snail mRNA expression. Unexpectedly, quercetin pretreatment of AD-induced cells upregulated the mRNA expression of occludin and E-cadherin, while downregulating matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), MMP2, and MMP9 expression. The pretreatment inhibited AD-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK1/2 MAPK) and the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), but it did not alter signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) phosphorylation. Conclusion: Quercetin may serve as a potential bioactive substance for atopic dermatitis-related symptoms through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities along with its acceleration of wound healing via ERK1/2 MAPK and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcin Beken
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Riza Serttas
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Yazicioglu
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Kader Turkekul
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Suat Erdogan
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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Abstract
There are numerous disorders of the skin that occur in athletes. These include infections, mechanical injury, and inflammatory skin diseases such as dermatitis, urticaria, and others. This paper discusses some of the most common athletic skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Carr
- Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia, PO Box 800718, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Thomas G Cropley
- Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia, PO Box 800718, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Waldman RA, Finch J, Grant-Kels JM, Whitaker-Worth D. Skin diseases of the breast and nipple: Inflammatory and infectious diseases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 80:1483-1494. [PMID: 30452953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Certain dermatologic conditions are unique to the breast and nipple, whereas others may incidentally involve these structures. All require a nuanced approach to diagnosis and treatment because of the functional, sexual, and aesthetic importance of this area. The lactating patient requires special management because certain treatment options are contraindicated. All dermatologic conditions involving the breast and nipple require careful evaluation because malignancy of the breast can be mistaken for a benign condition or may trigger the development of certain dermatologic conditions. The second article in this continuing medical education series reviews common and uncommon inflammatory and infectious conditions of the breast and nipple and provides insight into both the diagnosis and the treatment of this heterogeneous group of diseases. For the purposes of this article, these conditions are divided into 4 distinct categories: 1) dermatitis; 2) radiation-induced changes; 3) mastitis; and 4) miscellaneous dermatologic conditions of the breast and nipple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reid A Waldman
- University of Connecticut Health Center Dermatology Department, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Justin Finch
- University of Connecticut Health Center Dermatology Department, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- University of Connecticut Health Center Dermatology Department, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Diane Whitaker-Worth
- University of Connecticut Health Center Dermatology Department, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut.
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Wang Q, Gao S, Wu GZ, Yang N, Zu XP, Li WC, Xie N, Zhang RR, Li CW, Hu ZL, Zhang WD. Total sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Inula helenium L. attenuates 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 46:78-84. [PMID: 30097125 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inula helenium L. is an herb whose anti-inflammatory properties are attributed to its active components, the sesquiterpene lactones (SLs). Our previous study demonstrated that the total sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Inula helenium L. (TSL-IHL), consisting mainly of alantolactone (AL) and isoalantolactone (IAL), may have potential in the prevention and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the effect of TSL-IHL on atopic dermatitis (AD) has not been studied yet. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study evaluates the potential of TSL-IHL as a treatment for AD. METHODS/STUDY DESIGNS The effects of TSL-IHL on the expression of inflammatory genes and the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway in HaCat cells were examined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively, and compared with those of AL and IAL. The protective effect of TSL-IHL against AD was tested in a mouse model induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), in which AD-like skin lesions were induced in ICR mice by sensitizing once with 100 µl of 7% DNCB painted on their shaved back skin and then challenging with 20 µl of 0.2% DNCB five times on their right ears at 3 day intervals starting on day 5 post-sensitization. RESULTS TSL-IHL, as well as AL and IAL, could all inhibit TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB and the expression of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-4 in HaCat cells in a dose-dependent manner in the range of 0.6-2.4 µg/ml. The topical application of TSL-IHL (1% W/W in emollient cream) attenuated DNCB-induced dermatitis severity and right ear swelling. The serum levels of IgE, TNF-α and IFN-γ in TSL-IHL-treated mice were reduced by 81.39%, 89.69%, and 87.85%, respectively, while the mRNA levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, in the back-skin lesions of TSL-IHL-treated mice were reduced by 39.21%, 40.62% and 48.12%, respectively, compared with the untreated controls. Histopathological examination showed that TSL-IHL treatment reduced epidermis/dermis thickening and dermal inflammatory infiltration in both ear and back skins. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that TSL-IHL inhibited the development of AD-like skin symptoms by regulating cytokine expression and may be an effective alternative therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research Complex, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guo-Zhen Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Niao Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xian-Peng Zu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wen-Cai Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ning Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicines and TCM Injections, Jiangxi Qingfeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chen-Wei Li
- Shanghai Sunstem Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200439, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research Complex, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Andersen HH, Akiyama T, Nattkemper LA, van Laarhoven A, Elberling J, Yosipovitch G, Arendt-Nielsen L. Alloknesis and hyperknesis—mechanisms, assessment methodology, and clinical implications of itch sensitization. Pain 2018; 159:1185-1197. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Mizutani H, Tamagawa-Mineoka R, Nakamura N, Masuda K, Katoh N. Serum IL-21 levels are elevated in atopic dermatitis patients with acute skin lesions. Allergol Int 2017; 66:440-444. [PMID: 27884624 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-21 is a member of the type I cytokine family and plays a role in the pathogenesis of T helper type 2 allergic diseases. It has been reported that IL-21 expression is upregulated in acute skin lesions in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients; however, little is known about the serum IL-21 levels of AD patients. The aim of this study was to quantify the serum IL-21 levels of AD patients and to evaluate the relationships between the serum IL-21 level and disease severity, laboratory markers, and eruption type in AD patients. METHODS We measured the serum IL-21 levels of adult AD patients and healthy control subjects using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The adult AD patients exhibited significantly higher serum IL-21 levels than the healthy control subjects. A comparison of the patients' serum IL-21 levels based on the clinical severity of their AD revealed that the patients with severe AD demonstrated significantly higher serum IL-21 levels than those with mild AD and the healthy control subjects. The serum IL-21 levels were significantly correlated with the skin severity score, and especially with the degree of acute lesions such as erythema and edema/papules. The serum IL-21 level was not associated with laboratory markers, such as the serum IgE level, the serum thymus and activation-related chemokine level, blood eosinophilia, and the serum lactate dehydrogenase level. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that IL-21 might be involved in the pathogenesis of AD, especially the development of acute skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Mizutani
- Departments of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Risa Tamagawa-Mineoka
- Departments of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Naomi Nakamura
- Departments of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Masuda
- Departments of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norito Katoh
- Departments of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Tokumasu R, Tamura A, Tsukita S. Time- and dose-dependent claudin contribution to biological functions: Lessons from claudin-1 in skin. Tissue Barriers 2017. [PMID: 28650689 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1336194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many types of biologic compartments in the body. Tight junctions (TJs) function to create a dynamic paracellular barrier to separate these compartments and maintain homeostasis. The TJ component claudin-1 is the major transmembrane protein responsible for forming the paracellular barrier in the epidermis; other claudins in the epidermis include claudin-3, -4, -12, -23 and -25. Accumulating evidence points to a relationship between claudin-1 and skin diseases; for example, a decrease in claudin-1 is reported in human atopic dermatitis. However, how claudin-1 directly or indirectly contributes to disease in the context of the paracellular barrier is poorly understood. We recently established several mouse lines in which the claudin-1 expression was systematically regulated, and showed that claudin-1 time- and dose-dependently regulates epidermis function and disease in vivo. In this commentary, we will discuss recent progress on this topic, including our latest findings, and remaining or newly arisen issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reitaro Tokumasu
- a Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka University , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- a Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka University , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- a Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka University , Suita , Osaka , Japan
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Jang M, Kim H, Kim Y, Choi J, Jeon J, Hwang Y, Kang JS, Lee WJ. The crucial role of IL-22 and its receptor in thymus and activation regulated chemokine production and T-cell migration by house dust mite extract. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:598-603. [PMID: 26914146 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
House dust mite (HDM) is known as one of the factors that causes atopic dermatitis (AD). Interleukin (IL)-22 and thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC) are related to skin inflammatory disease and highly expressed in AD lesions. However, the effects of HDM on IL-22 production in T cells and on TARC production and IL-22Rα receptor expression in keratinocytes are unknown. To identify the role of HDM in keratinocytes and T cells, we investigated IL-22Rα expression and TARC production in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT and IL-22 production in T cells treated with HDM extract as well as their roles in HDM-induced skin inflammation. HDM extract not only increased IL-22Rα expression and TARC production in HaCaT but also enhanced IL-22, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ production in T cells. The HDM extract-induced IL-22 from T cells significantly increased the production of IL-1α, IL-6 and TARC in HaCaT cells. In addition, we found that TARC produced in HDM extract-treated HaCaT induced T-cell recruitment. These results suggest that there is a direct involvement of HDM extract-induced IL-22 in TARC production and T-cell migration. Taken together, TARC production in HaCaT through the interaction between IL-22 and IL-22Rα facilitates T-cell migration. These data show one of the reasons for inflammation in the skin lesions of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirim Jang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyea Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jane Jeon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngil Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wang Jae Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Dose-dependent role of claudin-1 in vivo in orchestrating features of atopic dermatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E4061-8. [PMID: 27342862 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525474113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease in humans. It was recently noted that the characteristics of epidermal barrier functions critically influence the pathological features of AD. Evidence suggests that claudin-1 (CLDN1), a major component of tight junctions (TJs) in the epidermis, plays a key role in human AD, but the mechanism underlying this role is poorly understood. One of the main challenges in studying CLDN1's effects is that Cldn1 knock-out mice cannot survive beyond 1 d after birth, due to lethal dehydration. Here, we established a series of mouse lines that express Cldn1 at various levels and used these mice to study Cldn1's effects in vivo. Notably, we discovered a dose-dependent effect of Cldn1's expression in orchestrating features of AD. In our experimental model, epithelial barrier functions and morphological changes in the skin varied exponentially with the decrease in Cldn1 expression level. At low Cldn1 expression levels, mice exhibited morphological features of AD and an innate immune response that included neutrophil and macrophage recruitment to the skin. These phenotypes were especially apparent in the infant stages and lessened as the mice became adults, depending on the expression level of Cldn1 Still, these adult mice with improved phenotypes showed an enhanced hapten-induced contact hypersensitivity response compared with WT mice. Furthermore, we revealed a relationship between macrophage recruitment and CLDN1 levels in human AD patients. Our findings collectively suggest that CLDN1 regulates the pathogenesis, severity, and natural course of human AD.
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Papadopoulos NG, Bernstein JA, Demoly P, Dykewicz M, Fokkens W, Hellings PW, Peters AT, Rondon C, Togias A, Cox LS. Phenotypes and endotypes of rhinitis and their impact on management: a PRACTALL report. Allergy 2015; 70:474-94. [PMID: 25620381 DOI: 10.1111/all.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rhinitis is an umbrella term that encompasses many different subtypes, several of which still elude complete characterization. The concept of phenotyping, being the definition of disease subtypes on the basis of clinical presentation, has been well established in the last decade. Classification of rhinitis entities on the basis of phenotypes has facilitated their characterization and has helped practicing clinicians to efficiently approach rhinitis patients. Recently, the concept of endotypes, that is, the definition of disease subtypes on the basis of underlying pathophysiology, has emerged. Phenotypes/endotypes are dynamic, overlapping, and may evolve into one another, thus rendering clear-cut definitions difficult. Nevertheless, a phenotype-/endotype-based classification approach could lead toward the application of stratified and personalized medicine in the rhinitis field. In this PRACTALL document, rhinitis phenotypes and endotypes are described, and rhinitis diagnosis and management approaches focusing on those phenotypes/endotypes are presented and discussed. We emphasize the concept of control-based management, which transcends all rhinitis subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Papadopoulos
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Allergy Department, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Kim KO, Ku CS, Kim MJ, Park YJ, Ryu HW, Song HH, Kim JH, Oh SR. Phytoecdysones from the Roots of Achyranthes japonica Nakai and their Anti-atopy Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3839/jabc.2015.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yarbrough KB, Neuhaus KJ, Simpson EL. The effects of treatment on itch in atopic dermatitis. Dermatol Ther 2013; 26:110-9. [PMID: 23551368 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pruritus causes significant impairment in the quality of life of patients suffering from atopic dermatitis. Treatments for itch in atopic dermatitis range from simple avoidance of pruritus triggers to more complicated systemic therapy. Several treatments aim to target specific mediators of itch in atopic dermatitis, whereas others improve pruritus by reducing inflammation. Currently the most effective treatments for atopic dermatitis-associated itch are primarily topical or systemic anti-inflammatory agents. Better management of pruritus in atopic dermatitis is an important goal and necessitates the development of novel targeted treatments as well as efficient use of current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Yarbrough
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-4501, USA
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Julián-Gónzalez RE, Orozco-Covarrubias L, Durán-McKinster C, Palacios-Lopez C, Ruiz-Maldonado R, Sáez-de-Ocariz M. Less common clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis: prevalence by age. Pediatr Dermatol 2012; 29:580-3. [PMID: 22469300 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2012.01739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The common manifestations of atopic dermatitis (AD) appear sequentially with involvement of the cheeks in infancy, flexural extremities in childhood, and hands in adulthood. Although less common clinical manifestations are well described, they have not been the subject of epidemiologic studies to describe their prevalence in specific age groups. This observational, cross-sectional, comparative study included 131 children younger than 18 of both sexes with AD who attended the clinics of the Dermatology Department of the National Institute of Pediatrics in Mexico City. Patients were examined to determine the presence of infrequent clinical manifestations of AD during infancy, preschool and school age, and adolescence and stratified according to sex, age, and number of clinical signs. A chi-square test was used to detect differences according to age and sex. Logistic regression analysis was also performed. The main findings according to age were genital dermatitis and papular-lichenoid dermatitis variant in infants; atopic feet, prurigo-like, nummular pattern, and erythroderma in preschool and school-aged children; and eyelid eczema and nipple dermatitis in adolescents. The risk of development of nipple dermatitis and eyelid eczema increased with age, and the development of genital dermatitis decreased with age. The knowledge of the prevalence of less common clinical manifestations of AD according to age in different populations might be helpful in diagnosing incipient cases of AD.
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Murota H, Izumi M, Abd El-Latif MIA, Nishioka M, Terao M, Tani M, Matsui S, Sano S, Katayama I. Artemin causes hypersensitivity to warm sensation, mimicking warmth-provoked pruritus in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:671-682.e4. [PMID: 22770266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Itch impairs the quality of life for many patients with dermatoses, especially atopic dermatitis (AD), and is frequently induced by a warm environment. OBJECTIVE To determine the mechanism underlying itch induction by warmth, we focused on artemin, a member of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors (GDNFs). METHODS A gene array assay revealed that artemin was expressed in substance P-treated dermal fibroblasts. The expression of artemin in healthy and AD-lesional skin was evaluated with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The impact of fibroblast-derived artemin on the proliferation and morphology of neural cell was investigated in vitro. To confirm the involvement of artemin in skin sensibility, wild-type and GDNF family receptor α3 knockout mice were employed for sensory examination. RESULTS Artemin-expressing fibroblasts accumulated in skin lesions of patients with AD. Artemin induced cell proliferation of a neuroblastoma cell line in vitro, and intradermal injection of artemin in mice resulted in peripheral nerve sprouting and thermal hyperalgesia. Artemin-treated mice demonstrated scratching behavior in a warm environment, but mice deficient for GDNF family receptor α3, a potent artemin receptor, did not show this behavior. Furthermore, the escaping response to heat stimulus was attenuated in GDNF family receptor α3 knockout mice, suggesting that artemin may contribute to sensitivity to heat. CONCLUSION These data suggest that dermal fibroblasts secrete artemin in response to substance P, leading to abnormal peripheral innvervation and thermal hyperalgesia. We hypothesize that artemin lowers the threshold of temperature-dependent itch sensation and might therefore be a novel therapeutic target for treating pruritic skin disorders, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Murota
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Kang YH, Shin HM. Inhibitory effects ofSchizandra chinensisextract on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 34:292-8. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.602689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Liou JM, Huang CM, Chiu CC, Wang HS, Liao YT, Peng YC, Cheng YC, Liang SJ, Lin JG, Chen FJ. Differences in pulse spectrum analysis between atopic dermatitis and nonatopic healthy children. J Altern Complement Med 2011; 17:325-8. [PMID: 21480785 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2010.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common allergy that causes the skin to be dry and itchy. It appears at an early age, and is closely associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis. Thus, AD is an indicator that other allergies may occur later. Literatures indicate that the molecular basis of patients with AD is different from that of healthy individuals. According to the classics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the body constitution of patients with AD is also different. The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in pulse spectrum analysis between patients with AD and nonatopic healthy individuals. METHODS A total of 60 children (30 AD and 30 non-AD) were recruited for this study. A pulse spectrum analyzer (SKYLARK PDS-2000 Pulse Analysis System) was used to measure radial arterial pulse waves of subjects. Original data were then transformed to frequency spectrum by Fourier transformation. The relative strength of each harmonic wave was calculated. Moreover, the differences of harmonic values between patients with AD and non-atopic healthy individuals were compared and contrasted. RESULTS This study showed that harmonic values and harmonic percentage of C3 (Spleen Meridian, according to Wang's hypothesis) were significantly different. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that C3 (Spleen Meridian) is a good index for the determination of atopic dermatitis. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the pulse spectrum analyzer is a valuable auxiliary tool to distinguish a patient who has probable tendency to have AD and/or other allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh-min Liou
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Rodrigues RNDS, Melo JF, Montealegre F, Hahnstadt RL, Pires MC. Avaliação do teste de contato com aeroalérgenos em pacientes com dermatite atópica. An Bras Dermatol 2011; 86:37-43. [DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962011000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
FUNDAMENTOS: a dermatite atópica é uma doença inflamatória cutânea que apresenta múltiplos fatores desencadeantes. Há vários relatos de autores que confirmaram os aeroalérgenos como fatores agravantes ou desencadeantes. O teste de contato com aeroalérgenos ou teste de contato atópico foi proposto para avaliar a participação destes alérgenos na dermatite atópica. OBJETIVO: objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a positividade do teste de contato atópico em pacientes com dermatite atópica. MÉTODOS: Avaliamos 50 pacientes com dermatite atópica e 45 do grupo com rinite alérgica, nos quais realizamos teste de contato atópico com extratos de Dermatophagoides pteronissynus, Dermatophagoides farinae e Blomia tropicalis, além de testes cutâneos de leitura imediata para os mesmos alérgenos, acrescidos de epitélio de cão e gato e fungos. RESULTADOS: verificamos que o teste de contato atópico com ácaros apresentou maior positividade nos indivíduos do grupo de dermatite atópica quando comparado ao grupo de rinite alérgica. CONCLUSÕES: o teste de contato atópico apresenta resultados estatisticamente significativos quando realizado com ácaros, em pacientes com dermatite atópica, com p=0,035, OR (odds ratio) = 3,35 e IC(95%) = [ 1,18; 9,47].
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Jeong SI, Lee YE, Jang SI. (2S)-2′-methoxykurarinone from Sophora flavescens suppresses cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine/CCL27 expression induced by interleukin-ß/tumor necrosis factor-α via heme oxygenase-1 in human keratinocytes. J Med Food 2011; 13:1116-24. [PMID: 20883179 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the CC chemokines, cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine (CTACK/CCL27), is a skin-specific CC chemokine that is produced constitutively by keratinocytes and is highly up-regulated in inflammatory skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis. (2S)-2′-Methoxykurarinone (MOK) from Sophora flavescens has been demonstrated to have antioxidant effects. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 has recently emerged as an important cytoprotective enzyme against oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in many cell types. This study aimed to define whether and how MOK regulates skin specific CTACK/CCL27 chemokine production in human HaCaT keratinocytes. The level of CTACK/CCL27 and HO-1 expression was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and signaling was evaluated by western blot analysis. CTACK/CCL27 production was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pretreatment with MOK suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)- and interleukin (IL)-1ß-induced CTACK/CCL27 production in human HaCaT keratinocytes. MOK inhibited TNF-α- and IL-1ß-induced nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation. Interestingly, pretreatment with MOK significantly suppressed TNF-α- and IL-1ß-induced CTACK/CCL27 production through the induction of HO-1. This suppression was completely abolished by HO-1 small interfering RNA. Furthermore, carbon monoxide, but not other end products of HO-1 activity, also suppressed TNF-α- and IL-1ß-induced CTACK/CCL27 production. These results demonstrate that MOK attenuates TNF-α- and IL-1ß-induced production of CTACK/CCL27 in human HaCaT keratinocytes by inhibiting NF-κB activation and induction of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Il Jeong
- Jeonju Biomaterials Institute, College of Alternative Medicine, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Sulforaphane suppresses TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 expression through heme oxygenase-1 and NF-κB in human keratinocytes. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:1867-76. [PMID: 21116791 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-1120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (4-methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate, SFN) from broccoli has been used a chemopreventive photochemical as detoxification of xenobiotics and anti-inflammatory, however, there is no studies for Th2 chemokine expression through heme oxygenase-1 and NF-κB in keratinocytes. Atopic dermatitis is a chronically relapsing pruritic inflammatory skin disease. SFN is demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. This study aimed to define whether and how SFN regulates Th2-related chemokine production in human HaCaT keratinocytes. The level of chemokine expression was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and signaling study was performed by Western blot analysis. Chemokine production was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pretreatment with SFN suppressed interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α- induced thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22) production in HaCaT keratinocytes. SFN inhibited IFN-γ and TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation as well as STAT1 activation. Interestingly, pretreatment with SFN result in significantly suppressed IFN-γ and TNF-α-induced TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 production through the induction of HO-1. This suppression was completely abolished by HO-1 siRNA. Furthermore, Carbon monoxide, but not other end products of HO-1 activity, also suppressed IFN-γ and TNF-α-induced TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 production. These results demonstrate that SFN has an inhibitory role in IFN-γ and TNF-α-induced production of TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 in human HaCaT cells by inhibition of NF-κB activation and induction of HO-1.
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Abstract
Pruritus (itch) is a major characteristic and one of the most debilitating symptoms in allergic and atopic diseases and the diagnostic hallmark of atopic dermatitis. Pruritus is regularly defined as an unpleasant sensation provoking the desire to scratch. Although we achieved rather good knowledge about certain inducers of itch such as neuropeptides, amines, mu-opioids, cytokines and proteases, for example, less is known about the pathophysiological specifities among the different diseases, and the therapeutic consequences which may derive thereoff. This review dissects the role of mediators, receptors and itch inhibitors on peripheral nerve endings, dorsal root ganglia, the spinal cord and the CNS leading to the amplification or - vice versa - suppression of pruritus. As the treatment of pruritus in allergic and atopic skin disease is still not satisfactory, knowing these pathways and mechanisms may lead to novel therapeutic approaches against this frequently encountered skin symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Buddenkotte
- Deparment of Dermatology, Boltzmann Institute for Cell- and Immunobiology of Skin, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Engel-Yeger B, Mimouni D, Rozenman D, Shani-Adir A. Sensory processing patterns of adults with atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010; 25:152-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
The reader may be eager to examine in which diseases ozonetherapy can be proficiently used and she/he will be amazed by the versatility of this complementary approach (Table 9 1). The fact that the medical applications are numerous exposes the ozonetherapist to medical derision because superficial observers or sarcastic sceptics consider ozonetherapy as the modern panacea. This seems so because ozone, like oxygen, is a molecule able to act simultaneously on several blood components with different functions but, as we shall discuss, ozonetherapy is not a panacea. The ozone messengers ROS and LOPs can act either locally or systemically in practically all cells of an organism. In contrast to the dogma that “ozone is always toxic”, three decades of clinical experience, although mostly acquired in private clinics in millions of patients, have shown that ozone can act as a disinfectant, an oxygen donor, an immunomodulator, a paradoxical inducer of antioxidant enzymes, a metabolic enhancer, an inducer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and possibly an activator of stem cells with consequent neovascularization and tissue reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velio Bocci
- Department of Physiology, University of Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Boehme SA, Chen EP, Franz-Bacon K, Sásik R, Sprague LJ, Ly TW, Hardiman G, Bacon KB. Antagonism of CRTH2 ameliorates chronic epicutaneous sensitization-induced inflammation by multiple mechanisms. Int Immunol 2008; 21:1-17. [PMID: 19066315 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxn118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)) and its receptor chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule expressed on T(h)2 cells (CRTH2) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous allergic diseases. We investigated the role of PGD(2) and CRTH2 in allergic cutaneous inflammation by using a highly potent and specific antagonist of CRTH2. Administration of this antagonist ameliorated cutaneous inflammation caused by either repeated epicutaneous ovalbumin or FITC sensitization. Gene expression and ELISA analysis revealed that there was reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA or protein produced. Importantly, the CRTH2 antagonist reduced total IgE, as well as antigen-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a antibody levels. This reduction in antibody production correlated to reduced cytokines produced by splenocytes following in vitro antigen challenge. An examination of skin CD11c(+) dendritic cells (DC) showed that in mice treated with the CRTH2 antagonist, there was a decrease in the number of these cells that migrated to the draining lymph nodes in response to FITC application to the skin. Additionally, naive CD4(+) T lymphocytes co-cultured with skin-derived DC from CRTH2 antagonist-treated mice showed a reduced ability to produce a number of cytokines compared with DC from vehicle-treated mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that CRTH2 has a pivotal role in mediating the inflammation and the underlying immune response following epicutaneous sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefen A Boehme
- Actimis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10835 Road to the Cure, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Engel-Yeger B, Habib-Mazawi S, Parush S, Rozenman D, Kessel A, Shani-Adir A. The sensory profile of children with atopic dermatitis as determined by the sensory profile questionnaire. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007; 57:610-5. [PMID: 17574298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2006] [Revised: 05/01/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) combined with the limited efficacy of current therapies emphasizes the need to improve care quality for patients with AD. This study aims to characterize the sensory profile of children with AD as expressed in daily living. METHODS In all, 53 patients with AD and 61 healthy children, aged 3 to 10 years, participated in this study. Disease severity was assessed using the Severity Scoring of AD (SCORAD) score. The sensory profile was assessed using the Short Sensory Profile. RESULTS The study group had significantly higher sensory sensitivity than the control group (t = 2.855; P = .013). These results were seen in all sensory modalities except vestibular sensation. LIMITATIONS This study was composed of a relatively small number of participants with a wide spectrum of disease severity. CONCLUSIONS Children with AD demonstrated hypersensory sensitivity. Understanding the sensory and behavioral characteristics of children with AD can promote the development of innovative intervention processes better geared to focus on patients' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batya Engel-Yeger
- Occupational Therapy Department, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Studies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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36
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Moon EK, Bae HC, Renchinthand G, Nam MS. The Relationship between Food Allergen Sensitization and Allergic Disease in Childhood. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2007. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2007.27.3.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Fujita T, Fujimoto M, Matsushita T, Shimada Y, Hasegawa M, Kuwano Y, Ogawa F, Takehara K, Sato S. Phase-dependent roles of E-selectin during chronic contact hypersensitivity responses. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 170:1649-58. [PMID: 17456770 PMCID: PMC1854959 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic contact hypersensitivity (CH) models induced by repeated hapten exposure exhibit chronic dermatitis and immunological abnormalities resembling atopic dermatitis. To assess the contribution of endothelial selectins (P- and E-selectins) to cutaneous chronic inflammation, chronic CH responses were assessed in mice lacking P- or E-selectin. Elicitation with oxazolone on the ears of P-selectin(-/-) mice 7 days after the sensitization induced a typical delayed-type hypersensitivity response similar to that found in wild-type mice. By contrast, a significant increase in ear swelling was observed in E-selectin(-/-) mice 36 to 48 hours after first elicitation. E-selectin(-/-) mice showed augmented P-selectin up-regulation, and administration of anti-P-selectin monoclonal antibody significantly inhibited the enhanced ear response, suggesting that the enhanced ear-swelling response in E-selectin(-/-) mice resulted from compensatory increase in P-selectin expression. In the late phase of chronic CH, acceleration of ear swelling was significantly reduced in both E- and P-selectin(-/-) mice relative to wild-type littermates. Thus, the loss of P- or E-selectin suppressed inflammatory responses during the chronic phase of the chronic models, whereas early-phase inflammatory responses were exacerbated by E-selectin blockade. Collectively, P- and E-selectins cooperatively regulate CH response, although their roles may be different depending on the phase of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
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Nuttall TJ, Hill PB, Bensignor E, Willemse T. House dust and forage mite allergens and their role in human and canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2006; 17:223-35. [PMID: 16827665 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2006.00532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the literature regarding the role of house dust and forage mite allergens in canine atopic dermatitis. The presence of immunoglobulin E (IgE) to these mites, especially to Dermatophagoides farinae, is common in both normal and atopic dogs. Exposure of dogs to the different mites is described both in the direct environment and in the coat of animals for house dust mites and in the food for forage mites. Allergens causing allergic disease in dogs seem to be different from those in humans. Dogs seem to react to high molecular weight allergens, compared to the low molecular weight group 1 and group 2 proteases that are commonly implicated in humans with atopic diseases. Despite numerous published studies dealing with this subject, a number of questions still need to be addressed to better understand the exact role of these mites in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis and to improve the quality of the allergens used in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Nuttall
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Schuster C, Smolle J, Aberer W, Kränke B. Vascular pattern of the palms--a clinical feature of atopic skin diathesis. Allergy 2006; 61:1392-6. [PMID: 17073867 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic skin diathesis is a clinical term to describe skin atopics with previous, present or future atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS). In clinical practice, an unequivocal assessment of atopic skin diathesis in non-eczematous patients may be difficult. The majority of the known clinical features included in diagnostic scores are characteristic, but not specific markers of atopy. Especially, the vasoreactivity of atopic skin is disturbed. This is manifested by white dermographism, an irregular vascular response to thermal stimuli, and paradoxic skin reactions to histamine, cholinergic agents, and nicotinates. OBJECTIVE The aims of our study were to investigate the clinical morphology of palmar vascular reactions in skin atopic and non-atopic individuals, and to determine whether this abnormal vascular reaction is more pronounced in skin atopic individuals. METHODS Forty persons, 20 of them skin atopics, assessed by the Erlangen Atopy Score and an elevated serum IgE level (>150 U/ml), were included in a prospective single-centre study. Standardized digital photographs of the palms were presented in a blinded manner to five dermatologists in random order by means of the computerized imaging analysis system KS400 3.0. RESULTS Evaluation of the original rgb (red, green, blue) color images and modified gray-level images showed that a pronounced reticular pattern of erythema of the palms was significantly (P < 0.0001) more common in skin atopics (72% and 69.6%, respectively). CONCLUSION The gross vascular pattern of the palm might be an additional diagnostic feature of atopy, and further studies are needed to establish its exact prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schuster
- Department of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Kanai KI, Asano K, Hisamitsu T, Suzaki H. Suppressive activity of epinastine hydrochloride on TARC production from human peripheral blood CD4+ T cells in-vitro. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006; 57:1027-36. [PMID: 16102259 DOI: 10.1211/0022357056640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) is an important molecule in the development and maintenance of allergic diseases. However, there is little information about the influence of anti-allergic agents on TARC production. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of epinastine hydrochloride, an H1-receptor antagonist, on TARC production from human peripheral blood CD4+ T cells using an in-vitro cell culture technique. CD4+ T cells prepared from healthy subjects were cultured in wells coated with a combination of OKT3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody in the presence or absence of epinastine HCl for 24 h. The cells were also stimulated with interleukin (IL)-4 in a similar manner. Levels of TARC and IL-4 in culture supernatants were examined by ELISA. The addition of epinastine HCl exerted a dose-dependent suppressive effect on the production of both TARC and IL-4 from CD4+ T cells under co-stimulatory molecule stimulation. The minimum concentration of the agent showing a significant suppressive effect on TARC and IL-4 production was 5.0 microM and 2.5 microM, respectively. Epinastine HCl also suppressed the ability of cells to produce TARC in response to IL-4 stimulation, when the agent was added to cell cultures at more than 2.5 microM. It was concluded that this inhibitory action of epinastine HCl may be partially responsible for epinastine's attenuating effect on allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Kanai
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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Biedermann T, Lametschwandtner G, Tangemann K, Kund J, Hinteregger S, Carballido-Perrig N, Rot A, Schwärzler C, Carballido JM. IL-12 Instructs Skin Homing of Human Th2 Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:3763-70. [PMID: 16951337 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.6.3763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Distinct pattern of homing receptors determines the tissue preference for T cells to exert their effector functions. This homing competence is mostly determined early during T cell activation of naive T cells. In contrast, mechanisms governing the acquisition of particular homing receptors by T cells of the memory phenotype remain enigmatic. Th2 cell-mediated allergic diseases tend to flare during infections despite that these infections prime APCs to produce the prototypic Th1 cell-differentiating cytokine IL-12. In this study, we investigate the effect of IL-12 on the regulation of cutaneous lymphocyte Ag (CLA) on differentiated Th2 cells and consequences of this expression for allergic inflammation. Upon activation with IL-12, CLA- Th2 cells rapidly up-regulated IL-12Rbeta2 chain, alpha(1-3)-fucosyltransferase VII, and CLA molecules. IL-12-mediated CLA expression on Th2 cells was functional because it mediated rolling of these Th2 cells on E-selectin in vitro and migration into human skin grafts in SCID mice. CLA induction occurred immediately after exposure to IL-12 and was independent of IFN-gamma expression. In accordance, the transcription factor mediating IFN-gamma expression, T-bet, does not directly affect CLA expression. However, CLA expression was further enhanced after IL-12 treatment of T-bet+ -transfected Th2 cells in agreement with an increased IL-12 responsiveness of these cells caused by T-bet. The finding that IL-12 conferred skin-homing potential to already differentiated Th2 cells before inducing a switch in their cytokine production profile may explain the observed exacerbation of allergic skin diseases following bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilo Biedermann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Vienna, Austria
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Tanaka A, Tanaka T, Suzuki H, Ishii K, Kameyoshi Y, Hide M. Semi-purification of the immunoglobulin E-sweat antigen acting on mast cells and basophils in atopic dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2006; 15:283-90. [PMID: 16512875 DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-6705.2006.00404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweating aggravates the symptoms of atopic dermatitis (AD). We have recently reported positive skin reactions and histamine release from basophils in response to autologous sweat in patients with AD. OBJECTIVE To characterize the biochemical and immunological properties of the substance in sweat that evokes histamine release and to study the usability of the basophil-histamine release test with the sweat antigen for AD. METHODS Sweat collected from healthy volunteers was purified using chromatographies. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E of four patients with AD were purified using an affinity-chromatography column with anti-IgE antibodies. The amount of semi-purified sweat antigen (138 ng protein/ml) that induced a half-maximum reaction of basophils of a patient with AD was utilized for the basophil histamine release test. The involvement of specific IgE and high-affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) in the reactions was examined using basophils of healthy volunteers, a human mast cell line (LAD2), and a rat basophilic leukemia cell line transfected with human alpha-subunit of FcepsilonRI (RBL-48). RESULTS The semi-purified sweat antigen induced histamine release from the basophils of 47 of 61 (74.6%) patients with AD and four of 46 (8.7%) healthy controls. Both basophils and mast cells sensitized with the patient-derived IgE showed degranulation upon stimulation with the sweat antigen. However, no reaction was observed when cells were sensitized with myeloma IgE or the antigen was treated with proteases. CONCLUSION The semi-purified standardized sweat antigen consists of a protein that induces degranulation of basophils and mast cells via antigen-specific IgE and FcepsilonRI in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Kurzius-Spencer M, Halonen M, Carla Lohman I, Martinez FD, Wright AL. Prenatal factors associated with the development of eczema in the first year of life. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2005; 16:19-26. [PMID: 15693907 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2005.00233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal factors have been implicated in childhood eczema, but the relationship between maternal cytokine production during pregnancy and infant eczema is unknown. Non-selected women in their third trimester were enrolled in the Tucson Infant Immune Study. Data from three sources were used to define MD-eczema: parent-completed illness questionnaires at age 2, 3, 4, 6 and 9 months regarding physician-seen eczema, parent-completed questionnaires at 12 months regarding physician-diagnosed eczema, and medical record reviews. Blood samples were taken from mothers during their third trimester and from the umbilical cord at birth. Maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cord blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with ConA/PMA, and supernatants were assayed for IFN-gamma and IL-4, -5, -10, and -13. Of 364 children, 28% were seen by a physician for eczema by 1 yr of age. After adjustment for potential confounders using logistic regression, the odds for development of eczema in infancy were significantly higher when mothers had active eczema in pregnancy (OR, 2.46, CI 1.0-5.8, p <0.042) and when mothers were in the highest tertile of serum IgE production (OR 2.28, CI 1.2-4.4, p <0.013). Colds in the third trimester were associated with lower odds of eczema (OR 0.32, CI 0.16-0.63, p <0.001). Our findings from this cohort study suggest that in utero factors, including maternal IgE, colds, and eczema, may influence the risk of infant eczema.
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Alenius H. Epicutaneous sensitization with allergens as an atopic dermatitis model. ERNST SCHERING RESEARCH FOUNDATION WORKSHOP 2005:167-74. [PMID: 15526941 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-26811-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Alenius
- Department of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland.
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Iskedjian M, Piwko C, Shear NH, Langley RGB, Einarson TR. Topical calcineurin inhibitors in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: a meta-analysis of current evidence. Am J Clin Dermatol 2004; 5:267-79. [PMID: 15301573 DOI: 10.2165/00128071-200405040-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To summarize success rates of the topical calcineurin inhibitors tacrolimus and pimecrolimus in treating atopic dermatitis. METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing either drug to themselves (i.e. dose-ranging studies), each other, the vehicle (or placebo), or corticosteroids were obtained from Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. Two reviewers identified studies and extracted data, a third reviewer adjudicated disagreements. Outcomes included success, as defined by 90%, 75%, or 50% reductions from baseline in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) scores or equivalent at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, and also the difference between drug and vehicle (placebo). Rates were combined using a random effects meta-analytic model. RESULTS Of 180 articles identified, 165 were rejected (142 not RCTs/inappropriate outcome, 23 inappropriate/unextractable data). We included 15 articles reporting on 16 trials (nine tacrolimus and seven pimecrolimus trials) involving a total of 5301 patients, of whom 2107 received tacrolimus, 1225 received pimecrolimus and 1969 patients were controls. Tacrolimus reduced EASI scores by 65.6% at 1 month and 73.0% at 3 months; pimecrolimus reduced scores by 61.5% at 1 month, 60.3% at 6 months, and 61.9% at 12 months. When the difference in EASI score reductions were compared between active drug and placebo, tacrolimus success was 51.5% above placebo at 1 month and pimecrolimus was 45.9% higher at 1 month, 24.9% at 6 months, and 16.1% at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Success rates for tacrolimus and pimecrolimus were statistically similar. However, tacrolimus rates were consistently higher numerically than those for pimecrolimus, and tacrolimus was used in patients with more severe disease. A head-to-head RCT is required to determine if true differences exist between these drugs.
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Wongpiyabovorn J, Suto H, Ushio H, Izuhara K, Mitsuishi K, Ikeda S, Nakao A, Okumura K, Ogawa H. Up-regulation of interleukin-13 receptor alpha1 on human keratinocytes in the skin of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2004; 33:31-40. [PMID: 14527737 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-1811(03)00148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-13 is a pleiotropic cytokine, which shares many biological functions with IL-4. The receptor subunits of IL-13 consist of IL-4Ralpha, IL-13Ralpha1 and IL-13Ralpha2. The regulatory mechanisms of the IL-13Ralpha expression in the keratinocytes of certain skin disease have not been known. OBJECTIVE To clear the roles of IL-13 and the regulatory mechanisms of its receptor in atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis. METHOD The expression of IL-13Ralpha1 in the skin of AD and psoriasis was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The regulation of IL-13Ralpha mRNA in the skin and human primary keratinocyte (HPK) was investigated by quantitative PCR. The secretion of IL-6 and RANTES from HPK was measured by ELISA. RESULTS The expression of IL-13Ralpha1 was more prominent on the suprabasal keratinocytes in the skin of AD and striking increase of staining was observed on all layers of keratinocyte in the skin of psoriasis. The mRNA of IL-13Ralpha1, but not of IL-13Ralpha2 was overexpressed in both skin of AD and psoriasis. In vitro experiment using HPK demonstrated that IFN-gamma, IL-13 but not IL-4 could up-regulate the mRNA expression of IL-13Ralpha1. In contrast, IL-13Ralpha2 mRNA expression was up-regulated by IFN-gamma plus IL-4. Furthermore, the stimulation of HPK with IFN-gamma plus IL-13 and/or IL-4 resulted in significant enhancement of IL-6 and RANTES secretion. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that IL-4 and IL-13 have different regulatory effects on the expression of IL-13Ralpha1 and alpha2, and the overexpression of IL-13Ralpha1 may play some roles in the pathogenesis of chronic stage of AD or psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongkonnee Wongpiyabovorn
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Shimada Y, Takehara K, Sato S. Both Th2 and Th1 chemokines (TARC/CCL17, MDC/CCL22, and Mig/CXCL9) are elevated in sera from patients with atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2004; 34:201-8. [PMID: 15113590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2004.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2003] [Revised: 01/06/2004] [Accepted: 01/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokines and their receptors are important elements for the selective attraction and activation of various subsets of leukocytes. Expression of CXCR3 ligands, such as monokine induced by IFN-gamma (Mig) leads to preferential Th1 recruitment, whereas CCR4 ligands, thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC) or macrophage derived chemokine (MDC), mediate preferential Th2 recruitment. Although atopic dermatitis (AD) has been shown to be a Th2-type disease, recent studies have revealed that Th1-type cytokines, such as IFN-gamma, especially in chronic skin lesions, play important roles in pathogenesis of AD. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate serum levels of Th2 chemokines TARC and MDC and a Th1 chemokine Mig in the same samples from patients with AD and their clinical correlation. METHODS Serum chemokine levels in patients with AD (n = 55), contact dermatitis (CD; n = 15), and normal controls (n = 30) were examined by ELISA. RESULTS Serum levels of TARC and MDC in AD patients and CD patients were significantly higher than those found in normal controls. Serum levels of these chemokines were similar for AD patients and CD patients. Furthermore, these levels correlated positively with disease severity, total IgE levels, and peripheral eosinophilia in AD patients. Serum Mig levels in AD patients and CD patients were significantly higher than those in control subjects. However, serum Mig levels were significantly elevated in CD patients relative to AD patients. Furthermore, serum Mig levels correlated positively with levels of both TARC and MDC in AD patients. CONCLUSION These results suggest that both Th2 and Th1 chemokines may play roles in the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Shimada
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent S Beltrani
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
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Shimada Y, Hasegawa M, Kaburagi Y, Hamaguchi Y, Komura K, Saito E, Takehara K, Steeber DA, Tedder TF, Sato S. L-selectin or ICAM-1 deficiency reduces an immediate-type hypersensitivity response by preventing mast cell recruitment in repeated elicitation of contact hypersensitivity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 170:4325-34. [PMID: 12682269 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.8.4325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Repeated Ag exposure results in a shift in the time course of contact hypersensitivity (CH) from a typical delayed-type to an immediate-type response followed by a late phase reaction. Chronic CH responses are clinically relevant to human skin allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, that are usually caused by repeated stimulation with environmental Ags. Chronic inflammatory responses result in part from infiltrating leukocytes. To determine the role of leukocyte adhesion molecules in chronic inflammation, chronic CH responses were assessed in mice lacking L-selectin, ICAM-1, or both adhesion molecules. Following repeated hapten sensitization for 24 days at 2-day intervals, wild-type littermates developed an immediate-type response at 30 min after elicitation, followed by a late phase reaction. By contrast, loss of ICAM-1, L-selectin, or both, eliminated the immediate-type response and inhibited the late phase reaction. Similar results were obtained when wild-type littermates repeatedly exposed to hapten for 22 days were treated with mAbs to L-selectin and/or ICAM-1 before the elicitation on day 24. The lack of an immediate-type response on day 24 paralleled a lack of mast cell accumulation after 30 min of elicitation and decreased serum IgE production. Repeated Ag exposure in wild-type littermates resulted in increased levels of serum L-selectin, a finding also observed in atopic dermatitis patients. The current study demonstrates that L-selectin and ICAM-1 cooperatively regulate the induction of the immediate-type response by mediating mast cell accumulation into inflammatory sites and suggests that L-selectin and ICAM-1 are potential therapeutic targets for regulating human allergic reactions.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Cutaneous
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antigens/administration & dosage
- Antigens/immunology
- Cell Migration Inhibition
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Dermatitis, Contact/blood
- Dermatitis, Contact/genetics
- Dermatitis, Contact/immunology
- Dermatitis, Contact/pathology
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Edema/genetics
- Edema/immunology
- Edema/prevention & control
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/blood
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/genetics
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/pathology
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/prevention & control
- Immunoglobulin E/blood
- Injections, Intravenous
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/biosynthesis
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/immunology
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/physiology
- L-Selectin/blood
- L-Selectin/genetics
- L-Selectin/immunology
- L-Selectin/physiology
- Mast Cells/immunology
- Mast Cells/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Oxazolone/administration & dosage
- Oxazolone/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Shimada
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
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Toda M, Leung DYM, Molet S, Boguniewicz M, Taha R, Christodoulopoulos P, Fukuda T, Elias JA, Hamid QA. Polarized in vivo expression of IL-11 and IL-17 between acute and chronic skin lesions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 111:875-81. [PMID: 12704372 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2003.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In atopic dermatitis (AD) there is evidence of tissue fibrosis involving a number of structural changes, including papillary dermal fibrosis and epidermal hyperplasia. These changes are suggested to be the result of chronic inflammation of the skin. Several remodeling-associated cytokines, including transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1, IL-11, and IL-17, have been shown to be increased in allergic diseases, including asthma. OBJECTIVE We investigated TGF-beta1, IL-11, and IL-17 expression in skin biopsy specimens recovered from acute and chronic skin lesions from patients with AD, as well as from uninvolved skin of patients with AD and skin from healthy volunteers. We also examined the correlation between the expression of these cytokines and the extent of total, type I, and type III collagen deposition. METHODS We evaluated the expression of TGF-beta1, IL-11, and IL-17 by means of immunohistochemistry. Collagen deposition was assessed by means of immunohistochemistry and van Gieson staining. RESULTS TGF-beta1 expression was markedly enhanced in both acute and particularly chronic lesions (P <.001). Although IL-11 expression was significantly increased only in chronic lesions (P <.0001), IL-17 was preferentially associated with acute lesions (P <.005). Although collagen type III deposition was not significantly different among the groups, type I collagen deposition was significantly increased in chronic AD lesions (P <.0005). There was a significant correlation between IL-11 and type I collagen deposition, as well as the number of eosinophils in skin specimens from patients with AD (r (2) = 0.527, and r (2) = 0.622, respectively; P <.0001). CONCLUSION These results suggest that TGF-beta1, IL-11, and IL-17 are involved in the remodeling of skin lesions in patients with AD. However, IL-11 and IL-17 are preferentially expressed at different stages of the disease. Type I collagen appeared to be the major subtype involved in this repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Toda
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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